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class="card-title">International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative: Making rangelands secure</h3></div></article></div><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-project node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card card-medium text-white border-0" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq");"> <a href="/research/projects/emerging-public-health-threats-africas-drylands" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq' alt="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya" title="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya"/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h4 class="card-deadline"><em>ACTIVE</em> <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i> <time>Feb 2028</time></h4><h3 class="card-title">Emerging public health threats in Africa鈥檚 drylands</h3></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/916">Eastern and southern africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/kenya" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-kenya" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/917">Kenya</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/ethiopia" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-ethiopia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/918">Ethiopia</a></li><li 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data-drupal-link-system-path="where-we-work"><span><strong>Explore our work</strong> in the countries</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="news-events" data-parent="4"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 offset-5"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/news" class="nav-link nav-link--news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/events" class="nav-link nav-link--events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/news/in-the-media" class="nav-link nav-link--news-in-the-media" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news/in-the-media">ILRI in the media</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="knowledge dropdown" data-parent="5"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 align-self-start"><div class="mt-2"><div class="row"><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-publication node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card border-0 bg-transparent mb-0"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/policies-and-design-processes-enable-transformation" class="card-link"></a><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"> <img class="img-fluid border border-1" src='/sites/default/files/styles/cover/public/publication-covers/9781009227209.jpg?itok=93z09LKp' alt="" title=""/></div><div class="col-8"><div class="card-body pt-0"> <time class="card-issued">2023</time><h3 class="card-title">Policies and Design Processes to Enable Transformation</h3><div class="card-publication-authors"><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list"><li class="list-inline-item">Pereira, Laura</li><li class="list-inline-item">Vrettos, Chris</li><li class="list-inline-item">Cramer, Laura K.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Drimie, Scott</li><li class="list-inline-item">Muiderman, Karlijn</li><li class="list-inline-item">Schapendonk, Frans</li><li class="list-inline-item">Stringer, Lindsay C.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Veeger, Marieke</li><li class="list-inline-item">Vervoort, Joost M.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Wamukoya, George</li></ul></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-publication node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card border-0 bg-transparent mb-0"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/opportunities-quantify-resilience-dairy-cattle-environmental-stressors-sub" class="card-link"></a><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"> <img class="img-fluid border border-1" src='/sites/default/files/styles/cover/public/publication-covers/RR113.pdf.jpg?itok=0UjF5YMp' alt="" title=""/></div><div class="col-8"><div class="card-body pt-0"> <time class="card-issued">2023</time><h3 class="card-title">Opportunities to quantify resilience of dairy cattle to environmental stressors in Sub-Saharan Africa</h3><div class="card-publication-authors"><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list"><li class="list-inline-item">Oloo, Richard Dooso</li><li class="list-inline-item">Ekine-Dzivenu, Chinyere C.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Ojango, Julie M.K.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Gebreyohanes, Gebregziabher</li><li class="list-inline-item">Mrode, Raphael A.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Okeyo Mwai, Ally</li><li class="list-inline-item">Chagunda, Mizeck G.G.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Outputs</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/publications" class="nav-link--knowledge-publications" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications">Publications</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/publications/archive?type=1051" 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