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Gender equality, youth and social inclusion
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class="row"><div class="col-6 align-self-start"><div class="mt-2"><div class="row"><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-project node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card card-medium text-white border-0" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/global_rangelands_PP.jpg?itok=sRw4UFxv");"> <a href="/index.php/research/projects/international-land-coalition-rangelands-initiative-making-rangelands-secure" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/global_rangelands_PP.jpg?itok=sRw4UFxv' alt="International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative" title="International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative"/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h3 class="card-title">International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative: Making rangelands secure</h3></div></article></div><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-project node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card card-medium text-white border-0" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq");"> <a href="/research/projects/emerging-public-health-threats-africas-drylands" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq' alt="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya" title="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya"/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h4 class="card-deadline"><em>ACTIVE</em> <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i> <time>Feb 2028</time></h4><h3 class="card-title">Emerging public health threats in Africa’s drylands</h3></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa" data-col="1" 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equality, youth and social inclusion" title="Gender equality, youth and social inclusion" class="d-none" /> <figcaption class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><h2 class="impact-area-intro"><i class="fak fa-impact-area-943" ></i><p>Closing the gender gap and enhancing <br>opportunities for youth in food, <br>land, and water systems.</p></h2></div></div> </figcaption> </figure><div class="overlay"></div> </section><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs"><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/index.php/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active"> Research</li><li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://www.ilri.org/index.php/research/impact-areas"><span>Impact Areas</span></a></li></ol> </nav></div></div></div> <section class="container mt-4"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><h1 class="title">Gender equality, youth and social inclusion</h1></div></div> <article> <section id="item-53394" class="row single-column-sidebar paragraph"><div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12"><div class="text-container"><p>ILRI research contributes to the CGIAR impact area on Gender equality, youth & social inclusion.</p><p>On average, women make up 43% of the agricultural labor force in low- and middle-income countries, yet their access to resources, rights, and services is limited, holding back prosperity for all.More than 85% of the world’s 1.2 billion youth live in low- and middle-income countries, where many face limited opportunities for employment or entrepreneurship. Improving the lives and livelihoods of women, youth, and other marginalized groups is vital for equitable, productive, resilient and sustainable food systems.</p><p>Browse research initiatives that contribute to this impact area. </p></div></div> <aside class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12"> </aside></section> <section id="item-53437" class="banners style-2 paragraph"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><h2 class="title">Innovations</h2></div></div><div class="row mb-4"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 mb-lg-m-3"> <article id="item-53431" class="paragraph banner card card-medium text-white border-0 mb-4" style="background-image: url("/index.php/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/76a380c4-img_1314-copy_0.jpg?itok=fNMiDsPr");"> <a href="https://www.cgiar.org/innovations/volunteer-farmer-trainers-as-agents-of-change/" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/index.php/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/76a380c4-img_1314-copy_0.jpg?itok=fNMiDsPr' alt="Volunteer Farmer Trainers as agents of change" title=""/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h3 class="card-title">Volunteer Farmer Trainers as agents of change</h3></div> </article></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 mb-lg-m-3"> <article id="item-53433" class="paragraph banner card card-medium text-white border-0 mb-4" style="background-image: url("/index.php/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/c764b4ec-close-up-to-seedassure-app-testing-in-the-field-at-the-kiboko-research-station-in-kenya-j.-bossuet-cimmyt-scaled%20%281%29.jpg?itok=_xrAmlhz");"> <a href="https://www.cgiar.org/innovations/affordable-insurance-for-smallholder-farmers-and-herders/" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/index.php/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/c764b4ec-close-up-to-seedassure-app-testing-in-the-field-at-the-kiboko-research-station-in-kenya-j.-bossuet-cimmyt-scaled%20%281%29.jpg?itok=_xrAmlhz' alt="Affordable insurance for smallholder farmers and herders" title=""/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h3 class="card-title">Affordable insurance for smallholder farmers and herders</h3></div> </article></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-12 mb-lg-m-3"> <article id="item-53434" class="paragraph banner card card-medium text-white border-0 mb-4" style="background-image: url("/index.php/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/539c5f75-two-women-collect-leafy-vegetables-in-khulna-bangladesh-f-khan-ifpri%20%281%29.jpg?itok=am1Kvwtg");"> <a href="https://www.cgiar.org/innovations/an-index-for-measuring-womens-empowerment-in-agriculture/" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" 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