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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2i-o%C3%A2n_Chhi%C3%BA-g%C3%AD" title="Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tâi-oân Chhiú-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_de_se%C3%B1as_taiwanesa" title="Lengua de señas taiwanesa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua de señas taiwanesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان اشاره تایوانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اشاره تایوانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_des_signes_ta%C3%AFwanaise" title="Langue des signes taïwanaise – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue des signes taïwanaise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C_%EC%88%98%ED%99%94" title="대만 수화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대만 수화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Isyarat_Taiwan" title="Bahasa Isyarat Taiwan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Isyarat Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E6%89%8B%E8%A9%B1" title="台湾手話 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="台湾手話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_dij_segn_%C3%ABd_Taiwan" title="Lenga dij segn ëd Taiwan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga dij segn ëd Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_de_Sinais_de_Taiwan" title="Língua de Sinais de Taiwan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua de Sinais de Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тайваньский жестовый язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тайваньский жестовый язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwanilainen_viittomakieli" title="Taiwanilainen viittomakieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taiwanilainen viittomakieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%89%8B%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣手語 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="臺灣手語" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: silver;">Taiwan Sign Language</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: silver;">Taiwan Ziran Shouyu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">20,000 (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japanese Sign</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <b>Taiwan Sign Language</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: silver;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tss" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tss">tss</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/taiw1241">taiw1241</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Taiwan Sign Language</b> (<b>TSL</b>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">台灣手語</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Táiwān Shǒuyǔ</span></i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> most commonly used by the deaf and <a href="/wiki/Hard_of_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard of hearing">hard of hearing</a> in Taiwan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginnings of Taiwan Sign Language date from 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origins of TSL developed from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese Sign Language</a> during <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese rule</a>. TSL is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japanese Sign Language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010499_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010499-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TSL has some <a href="/wiki/Mutually_intelligible_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutually intelligible languages">mutual intelligibility</a> with both Japanese Sign Language and <a href="/wiki/Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean Sign Language</a>; it has about a 60% lexical similarity with JSL.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two main dialects of TSL centered on two of the three major sign language schools in Taiwan: one in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, the other in <a href="/wiki/Tainan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainan City">Tainan City</a>. There is a variant based in <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a>, but this sign language is essentially the same as the Tainan school. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan#Cession,_Retrocession,_Legal_Status,_and_Self_Determination_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">the ROC took over Taiwan</a>, Taiwan absorbed an influx of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign Language</a> users from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> who influenced TSL through <a href="/wiki/Deaf_education" title="Deaf education">teaching methods</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loanwords" class="mw-redirect" title="Loanwords">loanwords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serious linguistic research into TSL began in the 1970s and is continuing at present. The first International <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">Symposium</a> on Taiwan Sign Language <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a> was held on March 1–2, 2003, at <a href="/wiki/National_Chung_Cheng_University" title="National Chung Cheng University">National Chung Cheng University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minxiong" title="Minxiong">Minxiong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi</a>, Taiwan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functional_markers">Functional markers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Functional markers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TSL, like other sign languages, incorporates <a href="/wiki/Nonmanual_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonmanual marker">nonmanual markers</a> with lexical, syntactic, discourse, and affective functions. These include brow raising and furrowing, frowning, head shaking and nodding, and leaning and shifting the torso.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010507_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010507-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2020 psychological-thriller <a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Forest" title="The Silent Forest">The Silent Forest</a> uses a large amount of the Taipei variant of TSL in the dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/tss/">Taiwan Sign Language</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010501_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischerGong2010">Fischer & Gong 2010</a>, p. 501.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010499-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010499_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischerGong2010">Fischer & Gong 2010</a>, p. 499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010507-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischerGong2010507_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischerGong2010">Fischer & Gong 2010</a>, p. 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/10/30/2003746042">"Movie prompts ministry official to pledge initiative against sexual harassment"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. October 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Movie+prompts+ministry+official+to+pledge+initiative+against+sexual+harassment&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2020%2F10%2F30%2F2003746042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerGong2010" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Susan; Gong, Qunhu (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xI0uqGyrsN8C&pg=PA499">"Variation in East Asian sign language structures"</a>. In Brentari, Diane (ed.). <i>Sign Languages</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 499–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511712203.023">10.1017/CBO9780511712203.023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88370-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88370-2"><bdi>978-0-521-88370-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162770329">162770329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Variation+in+East+Asian+sign+language+structures&rft.btitle=Sign+Languages&rft.pages=499-518&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162770329%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511712203.023&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88370-2&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Gong%2C+Qunhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxI0uqGyrsN8C%26pg%3DPA499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuteson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Huteson, Greg (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9053">"Report on Social, Educational, and Sociolinguistic Issues that Impact the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Population of Taiwan"</a>. <i>SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2003-020</i>. SIL International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SIL+Electronic+Survey+Reports+2003-020&rft.atitle=Report+on+Social%2C+Educational%2C+and+Sociolinguistic+Issues+that+Impact+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing+Population+of+Taiwan&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Huteson&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F9053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShih_Wen-hanTing_Li-fen1999" class="citation book cs1">Shih Wen-han; Ting Li-fen, eds. (1999). <i>Shou Neng Sheng Ch'iao</i>. Vol. 1 (13th ed.). Taipei: National Association of the Deaf in the Republic of China.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shou+Neng+Sheng+Ch%27iao&rft.place=Taipei&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=National+Association+of+the+Deaf+in+the+Republic+of+China&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasaki2007" class="citation book cs1">Sasaki, Daisuke (2007). "Comparing the lexicons of Japanese Sign Language and Taiwan Sign Language: a preliminary study focusing on the difference in the handshape parameter". In Quinto-Pozos, David (ed.). <i>Sign Language in Contact: Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities</i>. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. pp. 123–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv2rr3fxz.8">10.2307/j.ctv2rr3fxz.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563683565" title="Special:BookSources/9781563683565"><bdi>9781563683565</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2rr3fxz.8">j.ctv2rr3fxz.8</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154789790">154789790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comparing+the+lexicons+of+Japanese+Sign+Language+and+Taiwan+Sign+Language%3A+a+preliminary+study+focusing+on+the+difference+in+the+handshape+parameter&rft.btitle=Sign+Language+in+Contact%3A+Sociolinguistics+in+Deaf+Communities&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=123-150&rft.pub=Gallaudet+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154789790&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv2rr3fxz.8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv2rr3fxz.8&rft.isbn=9781563683565&rft.aulast=Sasaki&rft.aufirst=Daisuke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Wayne H. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103836/http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2005_2_02_5817.pdf">"Taiwan Sign Language research: an historical overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Language and Linguistics</i>. <b>6</b> (2). Taipei: 187–215. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:190469121">190469121</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/item/en?act=journal&code=download&article_id=155">the original</a> on March 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+and+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Sign+Language+research%3A+an+historical+overview&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-215&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A190469121%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Wayne+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ling.sinica.edu.tw%2Fitem%2Fen%3Fact%3Djournal%26code%3Ddownload%26article_id%3D155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoratto2020" class="citation book cs1">Moratto, Riccardo (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gSiKzQEACAAJ"><i>Taiwan Sign Language Interpreting: Theoretical Aspects and Pragmatic Issues</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publisher)" title="Peter Lang (publisher)">Peter Lang</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3726%2Fb17072">10.3726/b17072</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433177439" title="Special:BookSources/9781433177439"><bdi>9781433177439</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Sign+Language+Interpreting%3A+Theoretical+Aspects+and+Pragmatic+Issues&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3726%2Fb17072&rft.isbn=9781433177439&rft.aulast=Moratto&rft.aufirst=Riccardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgSiKzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATaiwan+Sign+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/tss" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/tss">Taiwan Sign Language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twtsl.ccu.edu.tw/TSL/en.php">TSL Online Dictionary</a> (in English and Traditional Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signlanguage.moe.edu.tw/">Sign Language Dictionary from Ministry of Education Republic of China (Taiwan)</a>(in traditional Chinese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Taiwan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Languages of Taiwan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Template talk:Languages of Taiwan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Taiwan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Taiwan" title="Languages of Taiwan">Languages of Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Formosan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atayalic_languages" title="Atayalic languages">Atayalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atayal_language" title="Atayal language">Atayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seediq_language" title="Seediq language">Seediq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truku_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Truku language">Truku</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rukaic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukai_language" title="Rukai language">Rukai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Formosan_languages" title="Northern Formosan languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babuza_language" title="Babuza language">Babuza</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Favorlang_language" title="Favorlang language">Favorlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taokas_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taokas language">Taokas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Papora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Hoanya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Arikun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papora-Hoanya_language" title="Papora-Hoanya language">Lloa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazeh_language" title="Pazeh language">Pazeh</a> <ul><li>Kaxabu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulon_language" title="Kulon language">Kulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisiyat_language" title="Saisiyat language">Saisiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thao_language" title="Thao language">Thao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Formosan_languages" title="East Formosan languages">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalan_language" title="Kavalan language">Kavalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketagalan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketagalan language">Ketagalan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basay_language" title="Basay language">Basay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luilang_language" title="Luilang language">Luilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makatao_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makatao language">Makatao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qauqaut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Qauqaut language">Qauqaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakizaya_language" title="Sakizaya language">Sakizaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraya_language" title="Siraya language">Siraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taivoan_language" title="Taivoan language">Taivoan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunun_language" title="Bunun language">Bunun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiwan_language" title="Paiwan language">Paiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyuma_language" title="Puyuma language">Puyuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tsouic_languages" title="Tsouic languages">Tsouic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanakanavu_language" title="Kanakanavu language">Kanakanavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saaroa_language" title="Saaroa language">Saaroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsou_language" title="Tsou language">Tsou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batanic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batanic_languages" title="Batanic languages">Batanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yami_language" title="Yami language">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sinitic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junjiahua" title="Junjiahua">Junhua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Min_Chinese" title="Min Chinese">Min</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzhounese">Fuzhounese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_dialect" title="Matsu dialect">Matsu dialect</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Putian_dialect" title="Putian dialect">Putian dialect</a> (Wuqiu dialect)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Taiwanese Hakka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixian_dialect" title="Sixian dialect">Sixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailu_dialect" title="Hailu dialect">Hailu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dabu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dabu dialect (page does not exist)">Dabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoping_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Raoping dialect">Raoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao%27an_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhao'an dialect">Zhao'an</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japonic Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwan Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auxiliary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilan_Creole_Japanese" title="Yilan Creole Japanese">Yilan Creole Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sign_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sign_language_navigation" title="Template:Sign language navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sign_language_navigation" title="Template talk:Sign language navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sign_language_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sign language navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sign_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sign_languages" title="List of sign languages">List of sign languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sign_languages_by_number_of_native_signers" title="List of sign languages by number of native signers">List by number of signers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language<br />families<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_a"><a href="#endnote_note_a">[a]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages_by_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sign languages by family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Australian<br /> Aboriginal</a><br /> (<small>multiple families</small>)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dieri_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieri Sign Language">Diyari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djingili_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djingili Sign Language">Djingili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akitiri_Sign_Language" title="Akitiri Sign Language">Eltye eltyarrenke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrernte Sign Language">Iltyeme iltyeme</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaralde_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkutungu_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutungu Sign Language">Kalkutungu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriwoong_Sign_Language" title="Miriwoong Sign Language">Miriwoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbura_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudbura Sign Language">Mudburra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitha_Pitha_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitha Pitha Sign Language">Pitha Pitha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlpiri_Sign_Language" title="Warlpiri Sign Language">Rdaka rdaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umpila Sign Language">Umpila</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_Queensland_Indigenous_Sign_Language" title="Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language">Far North Queensland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlmanpa_Sign_Language" title="Warlmanpa Sign Language">Warlmanpa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warluwara_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warluwara Sign Language">Warluwara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_Sign_Language" title="Warumungu Sign Language">Warramunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worora_Kinship_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worora Kinship Sign Language">Worora Kinship</a></li> <li>Yan-nhaŋu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yir_Yoront_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yir Yoront Sign Language">Yir Yoront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_Sign_Language" title="Yolŋu Sign Language">Yolŋu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Sign Language">Western Desert</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kartutjarra_language#Sign_language" title="Kartutjarra language">Kartutjarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjiljarra_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjiljarra Sign Language">Manjiljarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaatjatjarra_dialect#Sign_language" title="Ngaatjatjarra dialect">Ngaatjatjarra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zendath Kesign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Meriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Western Torres Strait Islander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_sign-language_family" title="Arab sign-language family">Arab (Ishaaric)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Sign_Language" title="Egyptian Sign Language">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Sign_Language" title="Kuwaiti Sign Language">Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sign_Language" title="Libyan Sign Language">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Unified_Sign_Language" title="Qatari Unified Sign Language">Qatari Unified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Sign_Language" title="Yemeni Sign Language">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraqi–<br /> Levantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Sign_Language" title="Iraqi Sign Language">Iraqi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic_Sign_Language" title="Levantine Arabic Sign Language">Levantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jordanian</li> <li>Lebanese</li> <li>Palestinian</li> <li>Syrian</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possible</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Sign_Language" title="Emirati Sign Language">Emirati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Sign_Language" title="Saudi Sign Language">Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Sign_Language" title="Omani Sign Language">Omani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BANZSL" title="BANZSL">BANZSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British (BSL)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland (NISL)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fijian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime (MSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand (NZSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Sign_Language" title="Samoan Sign Language">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sign_Language" title="South African Sign Language">South African (SASL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language_family" title="Swedish Sign Language family">Swedish Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Sign_Language" title="Eritrean Sign Language">Eritrean (EriSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Sign_Language" title="Portuguese Sign Language">Portuguese (LGP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Swedish Sign Language">Swedish (Teckenspråk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish (Viittomakieli)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese (CSL/ZGS)</a> <ul><li>Shanghai <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong (HKSL)</a> <ul><li>Macau</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chilean-Paraguayan-<br /> Uruguayan Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sign_Language" title="Chilean Sign Language">Chilean (LSCh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paraguay-Uruguay_Sign_Language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguay-Uruguay Sign Language family">Paraguayan-<br /> Uruguayan Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguay Sign Language">Paraguay (LSPY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguay Sign Language">Uruguay (LSU)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Sign Language">Algerian (LSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss-German_Sign_Language" title="Swiss-German Sign Language">Swiss-German (DSGS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sign_Language" title="Estonian Sign Language">Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish (ISL)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Irish_Sign_Language" title="Australian Irish Sign Language">Australian-Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian (Libras)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Sign_Language" title="Lithuanian Sign Language">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan (LSC)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian (LSV)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French (LSF)</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_French_Sign_Language" title="Old French Sign Language">Old French</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Sign_Language" title="Romanian Sign Language">Romanian (LSR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_American_Sign_Language" title="Varieties of American Sign Language">American<br /> (ASLic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black ASL (BASL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bolivian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_sign_language" title="Burmese sign language">Burmese</a> <ul><li>Yangon</li> <li>Mandalay</li></ul></li> <li>Cambodian</li> <li>Costa Rican</li> <li>Dominican</li> <li>Jamaican</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian (BIM)</a></li> <li>Oneida (OSL)</li> <li>Panamanian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino (FSL)</a></li> <li>Puerto Rican (PRSL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec (LSQ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_language_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign language in Singapore">Singapore (SgSL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian (Nusantaric)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian (Bisindo)</a> <ul><li>Jakarta</li> <li>Yogyakarta</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Francophone African<br />(Françafrosign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ethiopian</li> <li>Chadian</li> <li>Ghanaian</li> <li>Guinean</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamako_Sign_Language" title="Bamako Sign Language">Bamako (LaSiMa)</a></li> <li>Moroccan</li> <li>Nigerian</li> <li>Sierra Leonean</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oneida (OSL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi_Sign_Language" title="Hawaiʻi Sign Language">Hoailona ʻŌlelo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French (LSF)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Sign_Language" title="Cypriot Sign Language">Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austro-<br /> Hungarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Sign_Language" title="Bulgarian Sign Language">Bulgarian (БЖЕ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Sign_Language" title="Georgian Sign Language">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Sign_Language" title="Kazakh Sign Language">Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Sign_Language" title="Latvian Sign Language">Latvian (LSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian (РЖЯ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yugoslavic Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Sign_Language" title="Croatian Sign Language">Croatian (HZJ)</a></li> <li>Kosovar</li> <li>Serbian</li> <li>Slovenian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav (YSL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dutch Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Sign_Language" title="Dutch Sign Language">Dutch (NGT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Sign_Language" title="Gambian Sign Language">Gambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sign_Language" title="Italian Sign Language">Italian (LIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Sign_Language" title="Tunisian Sign Language">Tunisian (TSL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexican Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Sign_Language" title="Mexican Sign Language">Mexican (LSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Sign_Language" title="Honduran Sign Language">Honduran (LESHO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old Belgian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">Flemish (VGT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Belgian_Sign_Language" title="French Belgian Sign Language">French Belgian (LSFB)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Sign_Language_family" title="Danish Sign Language family">Danish (Tegnic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_Sign_Language" title="Malagasy Sign Language">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sign_Language" title="Icelandic Sign Language">Icelandic (Táknmál)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Norwegian (Tegnspråk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish (Tegnsprog)</a></li> <li>Teknmál</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_sign_languages" title="Vietnamese sign languages">Viet-Thai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong_Sign_Language" title="Haiphong Sign Language">Hai Phong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Sign_Language" title="Hanoi Sign Language">Hanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saigon_Sign_Language" title="Saigon Sign Language">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai (TSL/MSTSL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language_family" title="German Sign Language family">German Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German (DGS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Polish (PJM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli (Shassi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani<br /> Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bangalore-Madras</li> <li>Beluchistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></li> <li>Bombay</li> <li>Calcutta</li> <li>Delhi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Sign_Language" title="Nepali Sign Language">Nepali</a></li> <li>North West Frontier Province</li> <li>Punjab-Sindh</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japanese Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Kentish</i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Kentish_Sign_Language" title="Old Kentish Sign Language">Old Kentish</a></i></li> <li><i>Chilmark</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language">Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan (Meemul Tziij)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Highland Maya</li> <li>Yucatec <ul><li>Chicán</li> <li>Nohkop</li> <li>Nohya</li> <li>Trascorral</li> <li>Cepeda Peraza</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Chiangmai%E2%80%93Bangkok_Sign_Language_family" title="Old Chiangmai–Bangkok Sign Language family">Original Thai Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangmai_Sign_Language" title="Chiangmai Sign Language">Chiangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong_Sign_Language" title="Haiphong Sign Language">Hai Phong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bangkok_Sign_Language" title="Old Bangkok Sign Language">Old Bangkok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paget_Gorman_Sign_System" title="Paget Gorman Sign System">Paget Gorman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Sign_Language" title="Namibian Sign Language">Namibian (NSL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Sign Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Anishinaabe</li> <li>Apsáalooke</li> <li>Arikara</li> <li>Chaticks si Chaticks</li> <li>Cheyenne</li> <li>Coahuilteco</li> <li>Dane-zaa</li> <li>Diné</li> <li>Hinono'eino</li> <li>Hiraacá</li> <li>Icāk</li> <li>Karankawa</li> <li>Liksiyu</li> <li>Maagiadawa</li> <li>Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk</li> <li>Nakota</li> <li>Ni Mii Puu</li> <li>Niimíipuu</li> <li>Niitsítapi</li> <li>Nųmą́khų́·ki</li> <li>Nʉmʉnʉʉ</li> <li>Omaha</li> <li>Palus</li> <li>Piipaash</li> <li>Ppáⁿkka</li> <li>Schitsu'umsh</li> <li>Shiwinna</li> <li>Sioux</li> <li>Taos</li> <li>Tickanwa•tic</li> <li>Tháumgá</li> <li>Tsuu T'ina</li> <li>Umatilla</li> <li>Wazhazhe</li> <li>Wichita</li> <li>Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e</li> <li>Wyandot</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oneida (OSL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language">Plateau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A'aninin</li> <li>Kalispel</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktunaxa_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ktunaxa Sign Language (page does not exist)">Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)</a></li> <li>Nesilextcl'n</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuswap_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuswap Sign Language (page does not exist)">Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)</a></li> <li>Sqeliz</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Providencia%E2%80%93Cayman_Sign_Language_family" title="Providencia–Cayman Sign Language family">Providencia–<br /> Cayman Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_Sign_Language" title="Providence Island Sign Language">Providence Island (Provisle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cayman_Sign_Language" title="Old Cayman Sign Language">Old Cayman (Guyanese)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Sign_Language" title="Afghan Sign Language">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Albanian (AlbSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albarradas_Sign_Language" title="Albarradas Sign Language">Albarradas Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alipur_Sign_Language" title="Alipur Sign Language">Alipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sign_Language" title="Argentine Sign Language">Argentine (LSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Sign_Language" title="Caucasian Sign Language">Caucasian (Harsneren)</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Sign_Language" title="Azerbaijani Sign Language">Azerbaijani (AİD)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belizean_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belizean Sign Language (page does not exist)">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Sign_Language" title="Bhutanese Sign Language">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bribri_Sign_Language" title="Bribri Sign Language">Bribri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunca_Sign_Language" title="Brunca Sign Language">Brunca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cena_(sign_language)" title="Cena (sign language)">Cena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_Sign_Language" title="Chatino Sign Language">Chatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Sign_Language" title="Cuban Sign Language">Cuban (LSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_Family_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navajo Family Sign Language (page does not exist)">Navajo/Diné Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon Sign Language">Dogon/Douentza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Sign_Language" title="Ecuadorian Sign Language">Ecuadorian (LSEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enga_Sign_Language" title="Enga Sign Language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia (AJSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Sign_Language" title="Guatemalan Sign Language">Guatemalan (Lensegua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Sign_Language" title="Guinea-Bissau Sign Language">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language">Henniker</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawai%27i_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawai'i Sign Language">Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)</a> <ul><li>Creole HSL</li></ul></li> <li>Inuit <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Atgangmuurniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic Sign Language">Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27apor_Sign_Language" title="Ka'apor Sign Language">Ka'apor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajana_Sign_Language" title="Kajana Sign Language">Kajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasem_Sign_Language" title="Kafr Qasem Sign Language">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Sign_Language" title="Kenyan Sign Language">Kenyan (KSL/LAK)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Sign_Language" title="Somali Sign Language">Somali (SSL)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keresan_Sign_Language" title="Keresan Sign Language">Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)</a></li> <li>Kisindo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Country_Sign_Language" title="Jamaican Country Sign Language">Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Sign_Language" title="Maltese Sign Language">Maltese (LSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Sign_Language" title="Hausa Sign Language">Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Sign_Language" title="Mardin Sign Language">Mardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Sign_Language" title="Mauritian Sign Language">Mauritian (MSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbour_Sign_Language" title="Mbour Sign Language">M'bour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyakubo_Sign_Language" title="Miyakubo Sign Language">Miyakubo Shuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Sign_Language" title="Burkina Sign Language">Burkina (Mossi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Sign_Language" title="Mozambican Sign Language">Mozambican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_Naga_Sign_Language" title="Angami Naga Sign Language">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Sign_Language" title="Nicaraguan Sign Language">Nicaraguan (ISN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" title="Old Costa Rican Sign Language">Old Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Sign_Language" title="Ottoman Sign Language">Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Khor_Sign_Language" title="Ban Khor Sign Language">Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Sign_Language" title="Peruvian Sign Language">Peruvian (LSP)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inmaculada_Sign_Language" title="Inmaculada Sign Language">Inmaculada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rennellese_Sign_Language" title="Rennellese Sign Language">Rennellese</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_Sign_Language" title="Rwandan Sign Language">Rwandan (AKR/AMR)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language">Sandy River</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Sign_Language" title="Salvadoran Sign Language">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivia_Sign_Language" title="Sivia Sign Language">Sivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish (LSE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebul_Sign_Language" title="Tebul Sign Language">Tebul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Sign_Language" title="Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language">Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Sign_Language" title="Turkish Sign Language">Turkish (TİD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Sign_Language" title="Ugandan Sign Language">Ugandan (USL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Sign_Language" title="Venezuelan Sign Language">Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></li> <li>West African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bura_Sign_Language" title="Bura Sign Language">Bura (Burasl)</a></li> <li>Mofu-Gudur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin (NanabinSL)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Sign_Language" title="Yoruba Sign Language">Yoruban (YSL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Sign_Language" title="Zambian Sign Language">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koniya_Sign_Language" title="Koniya Sign Language">Amami Shuwa languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_sign_languages" title="Ethiopian sign languages">Ethiopian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_sign_languages" title="Laotian sign languages">Laotian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan sign languages">Sri Lankan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_sign_languages" title="Sudanese sign languages">Sudanese languages</a> (~150)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_b"><a href="#endnote_note_b">[b]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian languages</a> (7+)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_b"><a href="#endnote_note_b">[b]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_sign_languages" title="Zimbabwean sign languages">Zimsign languages</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_a"><a href="#endnote_note_a">[a]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sign languages by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Algeria</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Sign Language">Algerian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd> <dt>Cameroon</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maroua_Sign_Language" title="Maroua Sign Language">Maroua</a></dd> <dt>Ghana</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin</a></dd> <dt>Ivory Coast</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bouakako_Sign_Language" title="Bouakako Sign Language">Bouakako (LaSiBo)</a></dd> <dt>Kenya</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Sign_Language" title="Kenyan Sign Language">Kenyan</a></dd> <dt>Mali</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tebul_Sign_Language" title="Tebul Sign Language">Tebul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bamako_Sign_Language" title="Bamako Sign Language">Bamako (LaSiMa)</a></dd> <dt>Nigeria</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bura_Sign_Language" title="Bura Sign Language">Bura</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Sign_Language" title="Hausa Sign Language">Hausa (Magannar Hannu)</a></dd> <dt>Senegal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mbour_Sign_Language" title="Mbour Sign Language">Mbour</a></dd> <dt>Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Somali_Sign_Language" title="Somali Sign Language">Somali</a></dd> <dt>South Africa</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/South_African_Sign_Language" title="South African Sign Language">South African</a></dd> <dt>Tanzania</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian</a></dd> <dt>Uganda</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Sign_Language" title="Ugandan Sign Language">Ugandan</a></dd> <dt>Zambia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Sign_Language" title="Zambian Sign Language">Zambian</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Bengal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></dd> <dt>Cambodia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Sign_Language" title="Cambodian Sign Language">Cambodian</a></dd> <dt>China</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese</a></dd> <dt>Hong Kong</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Sign_Language" title="Hong Kong Sign Language">Hong Kong (HKSL)</a></dd> <dt>India</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alipur_Sign_Language" title="Alipur Sign Language">Alipur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naga_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Naga Sign Language">Naga</a></dd> <dt>Indonesia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)</a></dd> <dt>Iran</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian</a></dd> <dt>Iraq</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Sign_Language" title="Iraqi Sign Language">Iraqi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Sign_Language" title="Kurdish Sign Language">Kurdish</a></dd> <dt>Israel</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid Bedouin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasem_Sign_Language" title="Kafr Qasem Sign Language">Kafr Qasem</a></dd> <dt>Japan</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Koniya_Sign_Language" title="Koniya Sign Language">Koniya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Miyakubo_Sign_Language" title="Miyakubo Sign Language">Miyakubo</a></dd> <dt>Korea</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean</a></dd> <dt>Kazakhstan</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Sign_Language" title="Kazakh Sign Language">Kazakh-Russian</a></dd> <dt>Laos</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laotian_sign_languages" title="Laotian sign languages">Laotian</a></dd> <dt>Malaysia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sign Language">Selangor</a></dd> <dt>Maldives</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maldives_Sign_Language" title="Maldives Sign Language">Maldives</a></dd> <dt>Mongolia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian</a></dd> <dt>Nepal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Sign Language">Nepalese</a></dd> <dt>Philippines</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino</a></dd> <dt>Saudi Arabia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Sign_Language" title="Saudi Sign Language">Saudi</a></dd> <dt>Singapore</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sign_language_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign language in Singapore">Singapore</a></dd> <dt>Sri Lanka</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan sign languages">Sri Lankan</a></dd> <dt>Taiwan</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taiwanese</a></dd> <dt>Tajikistan</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd> <dt>Tibet</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)</a></dd> <dt>Thailand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Bangkok_Sign_Language" title="Old Bangkok Sign Language">Old Bangkok</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chiangmai_Sign_Language" title="Chiangmai Sign Language">Chiangmai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ban_Khor_Sign_Language" title="Ban Khor Sign Language">Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)</a></dd> <dt>Vietnam</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_sign_languages" title="Vietnamese sign languages">Vietnamese</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Armenia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian</a></dd> <dt>Austria</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Sign_Language" title="Austrian Sign Language">Austrian</a></dd> <dt>Azerbaijan</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Sign_Language" title="Azerbaijani Sign Language">Azerbaijani</a></dd> <dt>Belgium</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">Flemish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/French_Belgian_Sign_Language" title="French Belgian Sign Language">French Belgian</a></dd> <dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British</a></dd> <dt>Croatia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Sign_Language" title="Croatian Sign Language">Croatian</a></dd> <dt>Denmark</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faroese Sign Language (page does not exist)">Faroese (Teknmál)</a></dd> <dt>Estonia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sign_Language" title="Estonian Sign Language">Estonian</a></dd> <dt>Finland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish</a></dd> <dt>France</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyons_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyons Sign Language">Lyons</a></dd> <dt>Germany</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German</a></dd> <dt>Greece</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek</a></dd> <dt>Hungary</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Sign_Language" title="Hungarian Sign Language">Hungarian</a></dd> <dt>Iceland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Sign_Language" title="Icelandic Sign Language">Icelandic</a></dd> <dt>Ireland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish</a></dd> <dt>Italy</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Italian_Sign_Language" title="Italian Sign Language">Italian</a></dd> <dt>Kosovo</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav (Kosovar)</a></dd> <dt>Latvia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Sign_Language" title="Latvian Sign Language">Latvian</a></dd> <dt>Lithuania</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Sign_Language" title="Lithuanian Sign Language">Lithuanian</a></dd> <dt>Moldova</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd> <dt>Netherlands</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Sign_Language" title="Dutch Sign Language">Dutch</a></dd> <dt>North Macedonia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian</a></dd> <dt>Northern Ireland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland</a></dd> <dt>Norway</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Norwegian</a></dd> <dt>Poland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Polish</a></dd> <dt>Portugal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Sign_Language" title="Portuguese Sign Language">Portuguese</a></dd> <dt>Russia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd> <dt>Slovenia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Slovenian</a></dd> <dt>Spain</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian</a></dd> <dt>Sweden</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Swedish Sign Language">Swedish</a></dd> <dt>Switzerland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Swiss-German_Sign_Language" title="Swiss-German Sign Language">Swiss-German</a></dd> <dt>Turkey</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Central_Taurus_Sign_Language" title="Central Taurus Sign Language">Central Taurus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Sign_Language" title="Mardin Sign Language">Mardin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Sign_Language" title="Turkish Sign Language">Turkish</a></dd> <dt>Ukraine</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Sign_Language" title="Ukrainian Sign Language">Ukrainian</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North and<br />Central<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Sign Talk</a></dd> <dt>Belize</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belizean_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belizean Sign Language (page does not exist)">Belizean</a></dd> <dt>Canada</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Black_ASL" class="mw-redirect" title="Black ASL">Black ASL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Blackfoot</dd> <dd>Cree</dd> <dd>Ojibwa</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oneida_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oneida Sign Language (page does not exist)">Oneida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime (MSL)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language"><i>Plateau</i></a></dd> <dt>Cayman</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Cayman_Sign_Language" title="Old Cayman Sign Language">Old Cayman</a></i></dd> <dt>Costa Rica</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bribri_Sign_Language" title="Bribri Sign Language">Bribri</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brunca_Sign_Language" title="Brunca Sign Language">Brunca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" title="Old Costa Rican Sign Language">Old Costa Rican</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="New Costa Rican Sign Language">New Costa Rican</a></dd> <dt>Cuba</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Sign_Language" title="Cuban Sign Language">Cuban</a></dd> <dt>Greenland</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic Sign Language">Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)</a></dd> <dt>Guatemala</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Sign_Language" title="Guatemalan Sign Language">Guatemalan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan</a></dd> <dt>Haiti</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Sign Language">Haitian</a></dd> <dt>Honduras</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Honduras_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Honduras Sign Language">Honduran</a></dd> <dt>Mexico</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albarradas_Sign_Language" title="Albarradas Sign Language">Albarradas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chatino_Sign_Language" title="Chatino Sign Language">Chatino</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Sign_Language" title="Mexican Sign Language">Mexican</a></dd> <dt>Nicaragua</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Sign_Language" title="Nicaraguan Sign Language">Nicaraguan</a></dd> <dt>Panama</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chiriqui_Sign_Language" title="Chiriqui Sign Language">Chiriqui</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamanian Sign Language">Panamanian</a></dd> <dt>El Salvador</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Sign_Language" title="Salvadoran Sign Language">Salvadoran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Salvadoran_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Salvadoran Sign Language (page does not exist)">Old Salvadoran</a></dd> <dt>United States</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black ASL</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Blackfeet</dd> <dd>Cree</dd> <dd>Cheyenne</dd> <dd>Ojibwa</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oneida_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oneida Sign Language (page does not exist)">Oneida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keresan_Sign_Language" title="Keresan Sign Language">Keresan (Keresign)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"><i>Martha's Vineyard</i></a></dd> <dd>Navajo</dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navajo_Family_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navajo Family Sign Language (page does not exist)">Navajo Family</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language"><i>Sandy River Valley</i></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language"><i>Henniker</i></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Australia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Australian-Irish_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian-Irish Sign Language">Australian-Irish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Akitiri_Sign_Language" title="Akitiri Sign Language">Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Far_North_Queensland_Indigenous_Sign_Language" title="Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language">Far North Queensland Indigenous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrernte Sign Language">Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warlpiri_Sign_Language" title="Warlpiri Sign Language">Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Manjiljarra_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjiljarra Sign Language">Manjiljarra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warlmanpa_Sign_Language" title="Warlmanpa Sign Language">Warlmanpa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_Sign_Language" title="Warumungu Sign Language">Warumungu (Warramunga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mudbura_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudbura Sign Language">Mudbura (Mudburra)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ngada_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngada Sign Language">Ngada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umpila_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umpila Sign Language">Umpila</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Far_North_Queensland_Indigenous_Sign_Language" title="Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language">Far North Queensland</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Sign Language">Western Desert</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Western Torres Strait Islander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yir_Yoront_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yir Yoront Sign Language">Yir Yoront</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_Sign_Language" title="Yolŋu Sign Language">Yolŋu</a></dd> <dt>Hawaii (USA)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Sign Language">Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)</a></dd> <dt>New Zealand</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand (NZSL)</a></dd> <dt>Papua New Guinea</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enga_Sign_Language" title="Enga Sign Language">Enga</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></dd> <dt>Samoa and American Samoa</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Sign_Language" title="Samoan Sign Language">Samoan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Argentina</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Sign_Language" title="Argentine Sign Language">Argentine (LSA)</a></dd> <dt>Bolivia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian Sign Language">Bolivian</a></dd> <dt>Brazil</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian (Libras)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cena_(sign_language)" title="Cena (sign language)">Cena</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ka%27apor_Sign_Language" title="Ka'apor Sign Language">Ka'apor</a></dd> <dt>Chile</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Sign_Language" title="Chilean Sign Language">Chilean</a></dd> <dt>Colombia</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Sign_Language" title="Colombian Sign Language">Colombian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Provisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisle">Provisle</a></dd> <dt>Ecuador</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Sign_Language" title="Ecuadorian Sign Language">Ecuadorian</a></dd> <dt>Paraguay</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Sign_Language" title="Paraguayan Sign Language">Paraguayan</a></dd> <dt>Peru</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inmaculada_Sign_Language" title="Inmaculada Sign Language">Inmaculada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Sign_Language" title="Peruvian Sign Language">Peruvian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sivia_Sign_Language" title="Sivia Sign Language">Sivia</a></dd> <dt>Uruguay</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Sign_Language" title="Uruguayan Sign Language">Uruguayan</a></dd> <dt>Venezuela</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Sign_Language" title="Venezuelan Sign Language">Venezuelan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaton" title="Makaton">Makaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_sign_languages" title="Monastic sign languages">Monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signalong" title="Signalong">Signalong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language_grammar" title="American Sign Language grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idioms_in_American_Sign_Language" title="Idioms in American Sign Language">Idioms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language_literature" title="American Sign Language literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profanity_in_American_Sign_Language" title="Profanity in American Sign Language">Profanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASL_name_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="ASL name sign">Name signs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct<br /> languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chilmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieri_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieri Sign Language">Diyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaralde_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkutungu_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutungu Sign Language">Kalkutungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language">Henniker Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language">Martha's Vineyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_French_Sign_Language" title="Old French Sign Language">Old French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kentish_Sign_Language" title="Old Kentish Sign Language">Old Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language">Plateau Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitha_Pitha_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitha Pitha Sign Language">Pitha Pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language">Sandy River Valley Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warluwara_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warluwara Sign Language">Warluwara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language_grammar" title="American Sign Language grammar">Grammar (ASL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimodal_bilingualism" title="Bimodal bilingualism">Bimodal bilingualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language_phonology" title="American Sign Language phonology">Phonology (ASL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handshape" title="Handshape">Handshape</a> / <a href="/wiki/Location_(sign_language)" title="Location (sign language)">Location</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orientation_(sign_language)" title="Orientation (sign language)">Orientation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Movement_(sign_language)" title="Movement (sign language)">Movement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Expression_(sign_language)" title="Expression (sign language)">Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthing" title="Mouthing">Mouthing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonmanual_feature" title="Nonmanual feature">Nonmanual feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_name" title="Sign name">Sign names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_sign" title="Home sign">Home sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">Fingerspelling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-handed_manual_alphabets" title="Two-handed manual alphabets">British (two-handed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_manual_alphabet" title="Catalan manual alphabet">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_manual_alphabet" title="Chilean manual alphabet">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_manual_alphabet" title="Esperanto manual alphabet">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_manual_alphabet" title="French manual alphabet">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="German manual alphabet">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_manual_alphabet" title="Hungarian manual alphabet">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_manual_alphabet" title="Irish manual alphabet">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_manual_syllabary" title="Japanese manual syllabary">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_manual_alphabet" title="Korean manual alphabet">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_manual_alphabet" title="Polish manual alphabet">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_manual_alphabet" title="Russian manual alphabet">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_manual_alphabet" title="Yugoslav manual alphabet">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_manual_alphabet" title="Spanish manual alphabet">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_manual_alphabet" title="Ukrainian manual alphabet">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_manual_alphabet" title="Portuguese manual alphabet">Portuguese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASL-phabet" title="ASL-phabet">ASL-phabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Notation_System" title="Hamburg Notation System">Hamburg Notation System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a> (<span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ASLwrite.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ASLwrite.png/60px-ASLwrite.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ASLwrite.png/90px-ASLwrite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/ASLwrite.png/120px-ASLwrite.png 2x" data-file-width="5608" data-file-height="2001" /></a></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_contact" title="Language contact">Language<br /> contact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contact_sign" title="Contact sign">Contact sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initialized_sign" title="Initialized sign">Initialized sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthing" title="Mouthing">Mouthing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Signed Oral<br /> Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Signing_System" title="Indian Signing System">Indian Signing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_English" title="Manually coded English">Manually coded English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language_in_South_Africa" title="Manually coded language in South Africa">Manually coded language in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_Coded_Malay" title="Manually Coded Malay">Manually Coded Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paget_Gorman_Sign_System" title="Paget Gorman Sign System">Paget Gorman Sign System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_Dutch" title="Signed Dutch">Signed Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_French" title="Signed French">Signed French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_German" title="Signed German">Signed German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_Italian" title="Signed Italian">Signed Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_Japanese" title="Signed Japanese">Signed Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_Polish" class="mw-redirect" title="Signed Polish">Signed Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signed_Spanish" title="Signed Spanish">Signed Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signing_Exact_English" title="Signing Exact English">Signing Exact English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecknad_svenska" title="Tecknad svenska">Signed Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual%E2%80%93bicultural_education" title="Bilingual–bicultural education">Bilingual–bicultural education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Manually coded language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign-language_media" title="Sign-language media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sign-language_films" title="Category:Sign-language films">Films (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sign_language_television_shows" title="Category:Sign language television shows">Television shows (list)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jabbar_Baghtcheban" title="Jabbar Baghtcheban">Jabbar Baghtcheban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanette_Berglind" title="Jeanette Berglind">Jeanette Berglind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Aron_Borg" title="Pär Aron Borg">Pär Aron Borg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Braidwood" title="Thomas Braidwood">Thomas Braidwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Clerc" title="Laurent Clerc">Laurent Clerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Michel_de_l%27%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Charles-Michel de l'Épée">Abbé de l'Épée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fouts" title="Roger Fouts">Roger Fouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Sutton" title="Valerie Sutton">Valerie Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet" title="Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet">Thomas Gallaudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roch-Ambroise_Cucurron_Sicard" title="Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard">Abbé Sicard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stokoe" title="William Stokoe">William Stokoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_P%C3%A9lissier" title="Pierre Pélissier">Pierre Pélissier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Visual_Language_Interpreters_of_Canada" title="Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada">Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_on_Deafness_and_the_Arts" title="International Center on Deafness and the Arts">International Center on Deafness and the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimics_and_Gesture_Theatre" title="Mimics and Gesture Theatre">Mimics and Gesture Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Sign_Language_Interpreters" title="World Association of Sign Language Interpreters">World Association of Sign Language Interpreters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_sign_language" title="Baby sign language">Baby sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee_and_Human_Communication_Institute" title="Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute">CHCI chimpanzee center</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washoe_(chimpanzee)" title="Washoe (chimpanzee)">Washoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loulis" title="Loulis">Loulis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signaling_(open_outcry)" title="Hand signaling (open outcry)">Open Outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_recognition_of_sign_languages" title="Legal recognition of sign languages">Legal recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_hand_and_arm_signals" title="U.S. Army hand and arm signals">U.S. Army hand and arm signals </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_sign_languages" title="Monastic sign languages">Monastic sign languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactile_signing" title="Tactile signing">Tactile signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tic-tac_(horse_racing)" title="Tic-tac (horse racing)">Tic-tac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_a"><b><a href="#ref_note_a">^a</a></b></span> Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, <a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to <a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French Sign Language</a>. <p><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_b"><b><a href="#ref_note_b">^b</a></b></span> Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages. </p> <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_c"><b><a href="#ref_note_c">^c</a></b></span> <i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">extinct languages</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34019#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1236209540">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ILY_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ILY_sign.jpg/25px-ILY_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ILY_sign.jpg/38px-ILY_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/ILY_sign.jpg/50px-ILY_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a> or related topic is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_Sign_Language&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sign-lang-stub" title="Template:Sign-lang-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sign-lang-stub" title="Template talk:Sign-lang-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sign-lang-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sign-lang-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1012311289"><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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