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(PDF) The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review | Caroline Quintanilla - Academia.edu

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Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/320968093/163248826/153035460/s200_caroline.quintanilla.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Diabetes remains one of the most prevalent and threatening health disparities in the United States today. Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/QuintanillaCaroline" /> <meta name="description" content="Diabetes remains one of the most prevalent and threatening health disparities in the United States today. Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes" /> <title>(PDF) The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review | Caroline Quintanilla - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732811909000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732811909000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Diabetes remains one of the most prevalent and threatening health disparities in the United States today. Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes and depression commonly co-occur and go undetected in primary care settings. Women and Latinos/as have higher rates of either diabetes or depression than non-Hispanic Whites.The aim of the study is to determine the role of diabetes and depression among Latinas in the United States and to determine limitations in existing literature. Expanding integrated health care systems with prevention and treatment programs for diabetes and depression is necessary. This is pertinent to Latinas because of specific factors that impact their likelihood of developing these diseases. Frequent depression screenings throughout the lifespan are warranted to monitor rates of depression. More research must be done to assess the severity of the comorbidity. Thro...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Caroline Quintanilla"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-10-22","dateModified":"2024-10-22","datePublished":"2017-01-01","headline":"The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Mental Health","Depression","Diabetes","Medicine","Comorbidity","Diabetes mellitus"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes and depression commonly co-occur and go undetected in primary care settings. Women and Latinos/as have higher rates of either diabetes or depression than non-Hispanic Whites.The aim of the study is to determine the role of diabetes and depression among Latinas in the United States and to determine limitations in existing literature. Expanding integrated health care systems with prevention and treatment programs for diabetes and depression is necessary. This is pertinent to Latinas because of specific factors that impact their likelihood of developing these diseases. Frequent depression screenings throughout the lifespan are warranted to monitor rates of depression. More research must be done to assess the severity of the comorbidity. Thro...","publication_date":"2017,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [320968093]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;swp-splash-paper-cover&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119091048,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;}"><img alt="First page of “The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/119091048/mini_magick20241023-1-g507x5.png?1729654935" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Comorbidity of Diabetes and Depression among Latinas: A Literature Review</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="320968093" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QuintanillaCaroline"><img alt="Profile image of Caroline Quintanilla" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/320968093/163248826/153035460/s65_caroline.quintanilla.jpeg" />Caroline Quintanilla</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Diabetes remains one of the most prevalent and threatening health disparities in the United States today. Increased societal recognition of depression as a crucial facet of mental health/wellness has presupposed escalating diagnosis rates. Diabetes and depression commonly co-occur and go undetected in primary care settings. Women and Latinos/as have higher rates of either diabetes or depression than non-Hispanic Whites.The aim of the study is to determine the role of diabetes and depression among Latinas in the United States and to determine limitations in existing literature. Expanding integrated health care systems with prevention and treatment programs for diabetes and depression is necessary. This is pertinent to Latinas because of specific factors that impact their likelihood of developing these diseases. Frequent depression screenings throughout the lifespan are warranted to monitor rates of depression. More research must be done to assess the severity of the comorbidity. Thro...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119091048,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review&quot;}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--work-card&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119091048,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review&quot;}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="119091048" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/124962588/The_Comorbidity_of_Diabetes_and_Depression_among_Latinas_A_Literature_Review" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28902749" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28902749/Diabetes_and_Depression_in_the_Hispanic_Latino_Community">Diabetes and Depression in the Hispanic/Latino Community</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54281577" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EduardoColon">Eduardo Colon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Diabetes, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Diabetes and Depression in the Hispanic/Latino Community&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:49337216,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/28902749/Diabetes_and_Depression_in_the_Hispanic_Latino_Community&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28902749/Diabetes_and_Depression_in_the_Hispanic_Latino_Community"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="112063535" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112063535/Associations_between_depression_and_diabetes_among_Latinx_patients_from_low_income_households_in_New_Mexico">Associations between depression and diabetes among Latinx patients from low-income households in New Mexico</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4768859" href="https://google.academia.edu/JanetPageReeves">Janet Page-Reeves</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Science &amp; Medicine, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Associations between depression and diabetes among Latinx patients from low-income households in New Mexico&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:109410438,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/112063535/Associations_between_depression_and_diabetes_among_Latinx_patients_from_low_income_households_in_New_Mexico&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112063535/Associations_between_depression_and_diabetes_among_Latinx_patients_from_low_income_households_in_New_Mexico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89363122" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89363122/Depression_in_Mexican_Americans_with_diagnosed_and_undiagnosed_diabetes">Depression in Mexican Americans with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26850801" href="https://utrgv.academia.edu/KristinaVatcheva">Kristina Vatcheva</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychological Medicine, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">BackgroundDepression and diabetes commonly co-occur; however, the strength of the physiological effects of diabetes as mediating factors towards depression is uncertain.MethodWe analyzed extensive clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data from n = 2081 Mexican Americans aged 35–64 years, recruited from the community as part of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) divided into three groups: Diagnosed (self-reported) diabetes (DD, n = 335), Undiagnosed diabetes (UD, n = 227) and No diabetes (ND, n = 1519). UD participants denied being diagnosed with diabetes, but on testing met the 2010 American Diabetes Association and World Health Organization definitions of diabetes. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale. Weighted data were analyzed using dimensional and categorical outcomes using univariate and multivariate models.ResultsThe DD group had significantly higher CES-D scores than both the ND and UD (p ⩽ 0.001) groups, ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Depression in Mexican Americans with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:93177226,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/89363122/Depression_in_Mexican_Americans_with_diagnosed_and_undiagnosed_diabetes&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89363122/Depression_in_Mexican_Americans_with_diagnosed_and_undiagnosed_diabetes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="92782778" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92782778/High_Rates_of_Depressive_Symptoms_in_Low_Income_Urban_Hispanics_of_Caribbean_Origin_with_Poorly_Controlled_Diabetes_Correlates_and_Risk_Factors">High Rates of Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income Urban Hispanics of Caribbean Origin with Poorly Controlled Diabetes: Correlates and Risk Factors</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136782209" href="https://columbia.academia.edu/SallyFindley">Sally Findley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;High Rates of Depressive Symptoms in Low-Income Urban Hispanics of Caribbean Origin with Poorly Controlled Diabetes: Correlates and Risk Factors&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:95700407,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/92782778/High_Rates_of_Depressive_Symptoms_in_Low_Income_Urban_Hispanics_of_Caribbean_Origin_with_Poorly_Controlled_Diabetes_Correlates_and_Risk_Factors&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92782778/High_Rates_of_Depressive_Symptoms_in_Low_Income_Urban_Hispanics_of_Caribbean_Origin_with_Poorly_Controlled_Diabetes_Correlates_and_Risk_Factors"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="14435559" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14435559/Association_of_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Lifestyle_Behaviors_among_Latinos_at_Risk_of_Type_2_Diabetes">Association of Depressive Symptoms and Lifestyle Behaviors among Latinos at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33373408" href="https://umassmed.academia.edu/BarbaraOlendzki">Barbara Olendzki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Association of Depressive Symptoms and Lifestyle Behaviors among Latinos at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:44150107,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/14435559/Association_of_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Lifestyle_Behaviors_among_Latinos_at_Risk_of_Type_2_Diabetes&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14435559/Association_of_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Lifestyle_Behaviors_among_Latinos_at_Risk_of_Type_2_Diabetes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="20703087" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20703087/Depression_Predicts_Increased_Incidence_of_Adverse_Health_Outcomes_in_Older_Mexican_Americans_With_Type_2_Diabetes">Depression Predicts Increased Incidence of Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25194544" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KyriakosMarkides">Kyriakos Markides</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Diabetes Care, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To examine the separate and combined effects of depression and diabetes on the incidence of adverse health outcomes among older Mexican Americans. Longitudinal data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (EPESE) survey were used to examine the main effects and interaction effects of diabetes and depressive symptoms (measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Study of Depression) or clinical diagnostic criteria (measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Depression Module) on the development of macrovascular complications (including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease), microvascular complications (including nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and amputations), functional disability, and mortality over 7 years in a sample of 2,830 Mexican Americans aged &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;or=65 years. The interaction of diabetes and depression was found to be synergistic, predicting greater mortality, greater incidence of both macro- and microvascular complications, and greater incidence of disability in activities of daily living, even when controlling for sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, education, acculturation, and marital status. Importantly, this interaction was found to predict not only greater incidence but also earlier incidence of adverse events in older adults. Whether a marker for underlying disease severity, an indicator of diminished self-care motivation, or the result of physiologic changes, the interaction of depression and diabetes has a synergistic effect on the health of older Mexican Americans, increasing the risk for poor outcomes. This is of particular clinical importance because although depression is often underrecognized in older adults, effective treatment is available and can result in improved medical outcomes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Depression Predicts Increased Incidence of Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:41931809,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/20703087/Depression_Predicts_Increased_Incidence_of_Adverse_Health_Outcomes_in_Older_Mexican_Americans_With_Type_2_Diabetes&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20703087/Depression_Predicts_Increased_Incidence_of_Adverse_Health_Outcomes_in_Older_Mexican_Americans_With_Type_2_Diabetes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="68339438" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68339438/The_co_existence_of_diabetes_mellitus_type_2_and_depression_symptoms_in_Mexican_American_adults_Its_relation_to_glucose_control_perceived_stress_and_physical_health">The co-existence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and depression symptoms in Mexican American adults: Its relation to glucose control, perceived stress and physical health</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66167027" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GuillerminaSolis">Guillermina Solis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The co-existence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and depression symptoms in Mexican American adults: Its relation to glucose control, perceived stress and physical health&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:78848191,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/68339438/The_co_existence_of_diabetes_mellitus_type_2_and_depression_symptoms_in_Mexican_American_adults_Its_relation_to_glucose_control_perceived_stress_and_physical_health&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68339438/The_co_existence_of_diabetes_mellitus_type_2_and_depression_symptoms_in_Mexican_American_adults_Its_relation_to_glucose_control_perceived_stress_and_physical_health"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21887578" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21887578/Improving_Treatment_of_Depression_Among_Latinos_With_Diabetes_Using_Project_Dulce_and_IMPACT">Improving Treatment of Depression Among Latinos With Diabetes Using Project Dulce and IMPACT</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43126564" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AthenaPhilistsimikas">Athena Philis-tsimikas</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Diabetes Care, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Improving Treatment of Depression Among Latinos With Diabetes Using Project Dulce and IMPACT&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:42624441,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/21887578/Improving_Treatment_of_Depression_Among_Latinos_With_Diabetes_Using_Project_Dulce_and_IMPACT&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21887578/Improving_Treatment_of_Depression_Among_Latinos_With_Diabetes_Using_Project_Dulce_and_IMPACT"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115448632" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115448632/Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Puerto_Ricans_Association_of_Major_Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Medically_Indigent_Puerto_Rican_Adults">Depression and Diabetes in Puerto Ricans Association of Major Depression and Diabetes in Medically Indigent Puerto Rican Adults</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50968293" href="https://estadisticas.academia.edu/OrvilleDisdier">Orville Disdier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Studies have found that major depression and diabetes mellitus are strongly associated. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the association between major depression and diabetes in a large medically indigent population of Puerto Rican adults living on the island. Methods: A secondary database analysis through a cross-sectional design was used for this study. Participants were selected from the Puerto Rico Commonwealth Health Plan database, beneficiaries of the public health sector. Adult&amp;#39;s subjects with at least one claim during 2002 were included. The final sample consisted of 1,026,625 adult insured. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) was used for disease classifications. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 14.6% in subjects with major depression and 9.7% for those without major depression (POR 1.59, p&amp;lt;0.001). The strength of this association remained after adjusting for obesity and sex. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetes appears t...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Depression and Diabetes in Puerto Ricans Association of Major Depression and Diabetes in Medically Indigent Puerto Rican Adults&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:111852547,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/115448632/Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Puerto_Ricans_Association_of_Major_Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Medically_Indigent_Puerto_Rican_Adults&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115448632/Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Puerto_Ricans_Association_of_Major_Depression_and_Diabetes_in_Medically_Indigent_Puerto_Rican_Adults"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="51608297" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51608297/The_Comorbid_Influence_of_High_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Diabetes_on_Mortality_and_Disability_in_Mexican_Americans_Aged_75_and_Above">The Comorbid Influence of High Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes on Mortality and Disability in Mexican Americans Aged 75 and Above</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25194544" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KyriakosMarkides">Kyriakos Markides</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;The Comorbid Influence of High Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes on Mortality and Disability in Mexican Americans Aged 75 and Above&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:69258489,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/51608297/The_Comorbid_Influence_of_High_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Diabetes_on_Mortality_and_Disability_in_Mexican_Americans_Aged_75_and_Above&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51608297/The_Comorbid_Influence_of_High_Depressive_Symptoms_and_Diabetes_on_Mortality_and_Disability_in_Mexican_Americans_Aged_75_and_Above"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119091048,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:119091048,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;workUrl&quot;:null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_119091048" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="90168076" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90168076/Depression_among_diabetic_women_in_urban_centers_in_Mexico_and_the_United_States_of_America_a_comparative_study">Depression among diabetic women in urban centers in Mexico and the United States of America: a comparative study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88282584" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcoAEscamilla">Marco A Escamilla</a></div><p 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href="https://healthsciences-ucla.academia.edu/JeffreyGuterman">Jeffrey Guterman</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47858887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuadKapetanovic">Suad Kapetanovic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Psychosomatics, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Depressive Symptom Deterioration among Predominantly Hispanic Diabetes Patients in Safety Net Care&quot;,&quot;attachmentId&quot;:45145888,&quot;attachmentType&quot;:&quot;pdf&quot;,&quot;work_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.academia.edu/24820243/Depressive_Symptom_Deterioration_among_Predominantly_Hispanic_Diabetes_Patients_in_Safety_Net_Care&quot;,&quot;alternativeTracking&quot;:true}"><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/62084371/Support_for_disease_management_depression_self_care_and_clinical_indicators_among_Hispanics_with_type_2_diabetes_in_San_Diego_County_United_States_of_America">Support for disease management, depression, self-care, and clinical indicators among Hispanics with type 2 diabetes in San Diego County, United States of America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="162463534" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisWalker139">Chris Walker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{&quot;location&quot;:&quot;wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal&quot;,&quot;work_title&quot;:&quot;Support for disease management, depression, self-care, and clinical indicators among 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