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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8A%E1%88%89_%E1%88%80%E1%89%A5%E1%89%B0-%E1%8B%88%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5" title="አክሊሉ ሀብተ-ወልድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አክሊሉ ሀብተ-ወልድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklilu_Habte-Wold" title="Aklilu Habte-Wold – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aklilu Habte-Wold" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF" title="آکلیلو هابته-وولد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکلیلو هابته-وولد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklilu_Habte-Wold" title="Aklilu Habte-Wold – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aklilu Habte-Wold" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklilu_Habte-Wold" title="Aklilu Habte-Wold – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Aklilu Habte-Wold" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklilu_Habte-Wold" title="Aklilu Habte-Wold – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aklilu Habte-Wold" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%98-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93" title="אקלילו הבט-וולד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקלילו הבט-וולד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklilu_Habte-Ueld" title="Aklilu Habte-Ueld – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aklilu Habte-Ueld" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Аклилу Хабте Вольде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аклилу Хабте Вольде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1961 to 1974</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian name">Ethiopian name</a>, the name Habte-Wold is a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a>, and the person should be referred by the <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given name</a>, Aklilu.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Aklilu Habte-Wold</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PMofEthiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PMofEthiopia.jpg/200px-PMofEthiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PMofEthiopia.jpg/300px-PMofEthiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/PMofEthiopia.jpg/400px-PMofEthiopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="502" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Aklilu in 1961</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Prime Minister of Ethiopia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 April 1961 – 1 March 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abebe_Aregai" title="Abebe Aregai">Abebe Aregai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Endelkachew_Makonnen" title="Endelkachew Makonnen">Endelkachew Makonnen</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1912-03-12</span>)</span>12 March 1912<br /><a href="/wiki/Bulga,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulga, Ethiopia">Bulga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shewa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shewa Province">Shewa Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1974<span style="display:none">(1974-11-23)</span> (aged 62)<br />Akaki Central Prison, <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Socialist Ethiopia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Colette Valade</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Paris-Sorbonne University (L.L.B)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_religious_titles#Important_offices_of_the_Imperial_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles">Tsehafi Taezaz</a></i> <b>Aklilu Habte-Wold</b> (<a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a>: <span lang="am">አክሊሉ ሀብተ ወልድ</span>; 12 March 1912<sup id="cite_ref-google_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 23 November 1974) was an Ethiopian politician under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Haile Selassie of Ethiopia">Haile Selassie</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign minister</a> of Ethiopia from 1947 to 1958 and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">prime minister</a> from 1961 until his overthrow and execution by the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a> in 1974. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklilu_Habte-Wold&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aklilu Habte-Wold was the son of a rural <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Orthodox">Ethiopian Orthodox</a> priest from the <a href="/wiki/Bulga,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulga, Ethiopia">Bulga</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa Province</a> . He and his brothers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makonnen_Habte-Wold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makonnen Habte-Wold (page does not exist)">Makonnen Habte-Wold</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akalework_Habte-Wold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akalework Habte-Wold (page does not exist)">Akalework Habte-Wold</a> benefited from the patronage of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a>, who had them educated. Aklilu Habte-Wold attended the French <i>lycee</i> in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, then afterwards studied in France.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon returning to Ethiopia, Aklilu became the protégé of the powerful <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i> ("Minister of the Pen") <a href="/wiki/Wolde_Giyorgis_Wolde_Yohannes" title="Wolde Giyorgis Wolde Yohannes">Wolde Giyorgis Wolde Yohannes</a>, another man of humble birth, who had become a powerful figure in Ethiopian government, and a close advisor to the Emperor, with his appointment as <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i>. Wolde Giyorgis recommended the sons of Habte-Wold to the Emperor, who promoted them through the ranks so that the two eldest, Makonnen and Aklilu, became particularly influential with the monarch. Their humble origins, and the fact that they owed their education and advancement solely to the Emperor, allowed Emperor Haile Selassie to trust them implicitly and to favor them and other commoners of humble origin in government appointments and high positions at the expense of the aristocracy, whose loyalty to his person, rather than to the institution of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor</a> he suspected. The Emperor's preference for such men as Aklilu Habte-Wold over the high nobles created resentment among the aristocracy, who believed they were being displaced by these new western educated "technocrats". </p><p>When Ethiopia was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">Second Italo-Abyssinian War</a>, Aklilu Habte-Wold was in France with his brother Makonnen; upon the defection of the head of the Ethiopian legation to France, <i>Blatengeta</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolde_Mariyam_Ayele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolde Mariyam Ayele (page does not exist)">Wolde Mariyam Ayele</a>, Aklilu was made <i><a href="/wiki/Charge_d%27affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Charge d'affairs">charge d'affairs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aklilu lived in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and married a French woman, Collette Valade.<sup id="cite_ref-Colette_profile_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colette_profile-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the fall of Paris in June 1940, Aklilu managed to escape on a forged passport, and with the help of the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs he was able to reach <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the restoration in 1941, Aklilu served as a representative to the Peace conference after the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, then served as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia)">Foreign Minister</a>. During this time, Aklilu played a key role in the complex process that brought <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> into federation with Ethiopia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premiereship">Premiereship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklilu_Habte-Wold&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Premiereship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png/220px-Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png/330px-Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png/440px-Aklilu_Habte-Wold.png 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>Aklilu during his Premiership </figcaption></figure> <p>Following the fall from favor of <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i> Wolde Giyorgis in 1958, the Emperor appointed Aklilu to replace him as <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1961, four months after the previous prime minister <a href="/wiki/Abebe_Aragai" class="mw-redirect" title="Abebe Aragai">Abebe Aragai</a> had been killed in a <a href="/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 Ethiopian coup">failed coup</a>, the Emperor promoted Aklilu Habte-Wold to that office, while retaining the powerful office of <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i> in his portfolio. These two posts gave Aklilu a level of confidence with the Emperor that no one outside of the Imperial Family shared. </p><p>This appointment, and the following increase of commoner "technocrats" in positions of power and influence greatly disturbed the more conservative elements in the Imperial Family, the aristocracy, and the Ethiopian Church. Two camps evolved at court, with Prime Minister Aklilu and his fellow non-noble "technocrats" on one side, who dominated the various ministries and the Imperial Cabinet, against the nobility who were represented by the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Council_of_Ethiopia" title="Crown Council of Ethiopia">Crown Council</a>, and led by <i><a href="/wiki/Ras_(title)" title="Ras (title)">Ras</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Asrate_Medhin_Kassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Asrate Medhin Kassa">Asrate Medhin Kassa</a>. Although the Emperor forbade party politics, the two rival camps behaved as such, and maneuvered against each other rather vigorously. Many issues such as <a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Ethiopia" title="Land reform in Ethiopia">land reform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Ethiopia" title="Constitutions of Ethiopia">constitutional change</a> were blocked largely because of this rivalry. On the other hand, Bahru Zewde is of the opinion that "Aklilu's impact on Ethiopian politics is not so easily identifiable. He lacked the capacity for political manipulation shown by his predecessor as <i>tsahafe t'ezaz</i>, Walda-Giyorgis, and his own brother, Makonnen. Aklilu was more of a leading functionary than a power-broker."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former diplomat Paul B. Henze supports this view that Aklilu was not interested in reform, but repeats Aklilu's rival <i>Ras</i> Asrate's opinion that "Aklilu was the primary reactionary influence on the Emperor."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, John Spencer, who knew Aklilu personally, described him as "a remarkably clear and logical thinker and a formidable antagonist in encounters with foreign representatives."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spencer further explains that Aklilu's ability was limited due, to the favoritism Emperor Haile Selassie showed him, which led to resentment and isolation from his compatriots. "In that isolation his power and stature declined in direct ratio to that of His Majesty," Spencer notes, concluding that with his brother Makonnen's death in the <a href="/wiki/1960_Ethiopian_coup_attempt" title="1960 Ethiopian coup attempt">1960 Ethiopian coup attempt</a>, he lost a vital window into the psychological reactions and secret movements of his peers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1974_revolution">1974 revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklilu_Habte-Wold&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1974 revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When student protests, military mutinies and an economic downturn caused by the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil embargo</a> erupted in 1973 into a popular uprising against the government, calls went out for Prime Minister Aklilu to be dismissed. On 23 February, then the next day, the Emperor made a number of concessions to the various groups of protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottaway-30_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-30-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Aklilu had grown frustrated and weary of holding a position with much responsibility but no authority. John Spencer offers one example, only a few months prior to this crisis, of Aklilu's loss of power: </p> <dl><dd>In foreign affairs where, for decades, his views were uncontested, he was now confronted by Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minassie_Haile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minassie Haile (page does not exist)">Minassie Haile</a>, who did not share his views on foreign policy. For Minassie, it was sufficient to go to His Majesty to obtain a compliant authorization of an opposite line of action. A case in point ... was whether or not the Emperor should make an urgent visit to Riyadh to consult with King Faisal. Ill-advisedly, Aklilou accepted a show-down in front of His Majesty. Aklilou lost. Without a constituency, with only a vacillating monarch to turn to, Aklilou expressed to me his concern for the future.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>By the time of the popular uprising, Aklilu Habte-Wold had resolved to resign, a decision opposed by Lt. General <a href="/wiki/Abiye_Abebe" title="Abiye Abebe">Abiye Abebe</a> and <i>Leul <a href="/wiki/Ras_(title)" title="Ras (title)">Ras</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Asrate_Kassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Asrate Kassa">Asrate Kassa</a>. Both criticized him for abandoning the government without first having safeguarded authority, law and order in this situation. Nevertheless, Aklilu persisted in his decision, although he recommended Lt. General Abiye be his successor; however when he resigned it was <a href="/wiki/Endelkachew_Makonnen" title="Endelkachew Makonnen">Endelkachew Makonnen</a> who became the new prime minister. Aklilu's resignation, instead of placating the protesters, this resignation only emboldened them to make further demands.<sup id="cite_ref-Ottaway-30_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ottaway-30-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crown Council had pushed the Emperor to appoint a nobleman to the position, and initially Lt. General Abiye Abebe was favored to be named the new prime minister. However and when General Abiye's request that he be made responsible to the elected parliament rather than the Emperor was presented, the Council balked and the General asked to be dropped from consideration. Lij <a href="/wiki/Endelkachew_Makonnen" title="Endelkachew Makonnen">Endelkachew Makonnen</a>, son of the late former prime minister, was appointed. The new Premier attempted to address the many demands being put forward by the proponents of reform, and Ethiopia seemed to be on the verge of transforming itself into a democracy and a modern constitutional monarchy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, a committee of low ranking officers called the <a href="/wiki/Derg" title="Derg">Derg</a>, who had been empowered to investigate corruption in the military, arrested <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i> Aklilu and most of the men who had served in his cabinet, as well as the new prime minister and his cabinet. The Derg deposed Emperor Haile Selassie on 12 September 1974 and assumed power as the Marxist military junta that would rule the country for almost two decades. </p><p>On the evening of 23 November, <i>Tsehafi Taezaz</i> Aklilu Habte-Wold, and his brother Akalework Habte-Wold were removed from Menelik Palace and taken to <a href="/wiki/Akaki_Central_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Akaki Central Prison">Akaki Central Prison</a> where they were summarily executed with <a href="/wiki/The_Sixty" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sixty">60 other ex-officials</a> of the Emperor's government. This act led to protests around the world, not only from Europe and the United States, but also from a number of African countries who expressed their concern for the well-being of the deposed Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aklilu_Habte-Wold&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-google-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1967" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, S. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ge6wAAAAIAAJ"><i>The New Africans: A Guide to the Contemporary History of Emergent Africa and Its Leaders</i></a>. Hamlyn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Africans%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Contemporary+History+of+Emergent+Africa+and+Its+Leaders&rft.pub=Hamlyn&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGe6wAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAklilu+Habte-Wold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bahru Zewde, <i>Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia</i> (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haile Selassie, <i>My Life and Ethiopia's Progress</i>, translated by Harold Marcus (Chicago: Frontline, 1999), vol. 2 p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colette_profile-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Colette_profile_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethiopiaobserver.wordpress.com/2016/07/02/portrait-of-the-mystery-lady-madame-colette-habetwold/">"Portrait of the mystery lady: Madame Colette Habtewold"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopia_Observer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopia Observer (page does not exist)">Ethiopia Observer</a></i>. 2 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethiopia+Observer&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+the+mystery+lady%3A+Madame+Colette+Habtewold&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethiopiaobserver.wordpress.com%2F2016%2F07%2F02%2Fportrait-of-the-mystery-lady-madame-colette-habetwold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAklilu+Habte-Wold" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Spencer, <i>Ethiopia at Bay: A personal account of the Haile Selassie years</i> (Algonac: Reference Publications, 1984), p. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bahru Zewde, <i>A History of Modern Ethiopia</i>, second edition (London: James Currey, 2003), states that Wolde Giyorgis' fall was due to the efforts of Aklilu's older brother, Makonnen (p. 205).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A History</i>, second edition, p. 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul B. Henze, <i>Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia</i> (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 176 n. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer, <i>Ethiopia at bay</i>, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer, <i>Ethiopia at bay</i>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ottaway-30-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-30_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ottaway-30_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marina and David Ottaway, <i>Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution</i> (New York: Africana, 1978), p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer, <i>Ethiopia at bay</i>, p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ottaway, <i>Empire in Revolution</i>, p. 61</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chief_ministers_(1909–1943)_/_Prime_ministers_of_Ethiopia_(since_1943)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chief_ministers_(1909–1943)_/_Prime_ministers_of_Ethiopia_(since_1943)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Ethiopia" title="List of heads of government of Ethiopia">Chief ministers (1909–1943) / Prime ministers of Ethiopia (since 1943)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopian Empire</a><br />(1270–1974)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habte_Giyorgis_Dinagde" title="Habte Giyorgis Dinagde">Habte Giyorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Tafari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolde_Tzaddick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolde Tzaddick (page does not exist)">Wolde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makonnen_Endelkachew" title="Makonnen Endelkachew">Makonnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abebe_Aregai" title="Abebe Aregai">Abebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imru_Haile_Selassie" title="Imru Haile Selassie">Imru</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aklilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endelkachew_Makonnen" title="Endelkachew Makonnen">Endelkachew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Imru" title="Mikael Imru">Mikael</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1897%E2%80%931974).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Ethiopian Empire"><img alt="Flag of the Ethiopian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1975%E2%80%931987).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Derg"><img alt="Flag of the Derg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1987%E2%80%931991).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281987%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia_(1991%E2%80%931996).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281991%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"><img alt="Flag of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Hailu_Yimenu" title="Hailu Yimenu">Hailu</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesfaye_Dinka" title="Tesfaye Dinka">Tesfaye</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_Ethiopia" title="Transitional Government of Ethiopia">Transitional Government of Ethiopia</a><br />(1991–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamrat_Layne" title="Tamrat Layne">Tamrat</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a><br />(since 1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meles_Zenawi" title="Meles Zenawi">Meles</a></li> <li><a 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, 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