CINXE.COM

Sci-Tech News | Latest Technological Developments - The Hindu

<!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" ><head><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/feeder/default.rss"><title> Sci-Tech News | Latest Technological Developments - The Hindu </title><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta name="title" content="Sci-Tech News | Latest Technological Developments" /><meta name="description" content="Stay informed with the latest sci-tech news and technological developments from The Hindu. Explore articles covering advancements in science, technology, innovation, gadgets, and more. Stay ahead with our comprehensive coverage of the ever-evolving world of science and technology" /><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="atdlayout" content="sectionpage" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Sci-Tech News | Latest Technological Developments"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Stay informed with the latest sci-tech news and technological developments from The Hindu. Explore articles covering advancements in science, technology, innovation, gadgets, and more. Stay ahead with our comprehensive coverage of the ever-evolving world of science and technology"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/OG-sections.png"><meta name="cXenseParse:title" content="" /><meta name="cXenseParse:description" content=""/><meta property="og:title" content="Sci-Tech News | Latest Technological Developments" /><meta property="og:description" content="Stay informed with the latest sci-tech news and technological developments from The Hindu. Explore articles covering advancements in science, technology, innovation, gadgets, and more. Stay ahead with our comprehensive coverage of the ever-evolving world of science and technology" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/OG-sections.png" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" /><meta property="al:android:url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=771672321" /><meta name="google-signin-client_id" content="853251516072-1eudfpp9hhjtjp31fpm8g9fus3ig0ec3.apps.googleusercontent.com" /><meta name="google-site-verification" content="jlS-WsOVad-iw4X4xO0EJnHuzr3pK7WqXt3oCy7jpXI" /><meta name="msvalidate:01" content="00762243DAFA333A5A6D97CE4545BDB2" /><meta name="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /><meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="771672321" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="The Hindu (Official App)" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="The Hindu" /><meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Hindu for iPhone" /><meta name="twitter:apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=771672321" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:domain" content="thehindu.com" /><meta name="twitter:google-play-app" content="app-id=com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@The_Hindu" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="ff4648e5089d361d" /><meta property="al:android:app_name" content="The Hindu" /><meta property="al:android:package" content="com.mobstac.thehindu" /><meta property="fb:app_id" content="137450626398044" /><meta property="fb:pages" content="163974433696568" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="The Hindu" /><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="https://www.thehindu.com/favicon.ico" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon.png" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://www.thehindu.com/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" /><link href="https://b.scorecardresearch.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://b.scorecardresearch.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://www.google-analytics.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://www.google-analytics.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://wzrkt.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://wzrkt.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://ads.pubmatic.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://ads.pubmatic.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://cdn.tinypass.com/" rel="preconnect"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com/" rel="dns-prefetch"><link href="https://experience.tinypass.com/" rel="preconnect"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/logo.png" as="image"><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" as="image"><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push({ 'pageDetails' : { 'pageType' : 'section' ,'contentCategory' : 'sci-tech' } }); </script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { dataLayer.push({ 'data' : { 'email': tp.pianoId.getUser().email, 'uid': tp.pianoId.getUser().uid, 'platform': thgpiplatform() } }); } }]); </script><link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1742377295" as="style"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1742377295" /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online.min.css?ver=1742377387" as="style"><link rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,300;1,400;1,700;1,900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather+Sans:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800&family=Merriweather:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,700;0,900;1,300;1,400;1,700;1,900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Playfair+Display:wght@400;600;700;800;900&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"></noscript><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/th-online.min.css?ver=1742377387" /><link rel="preload" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1742377262" as="script"><script src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/require.min.js?ver=1742377262" data-cfasync="false" ></script><script data-cfasync="false"> require.config({ // Local Directory baseUrl: "https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js", // Script Locations paths: { "jquery":"3.4.1/jquery.min", "slick": "th-online/slick.min", "jplayer": "th-online/jquery.jplayer.min", "jplayerlist": "th-online/jplayer.playlist.min", "marquee": "th-online/jquery.marquee.min", "bootstrap": "th-online/bootstrap.min", "bootstrap-datepicker": "th-online/bootstrap-datepicker.min", "iframeResizer": "iframeResizer.min", "iframecontent": "iframeResizer.contentWindow.min", "moment": "moment.min", "crypto": "crypto-js.min", "jquery-ui":"jquery-ui-1.13.2.min", "ua-parser": "ua-parser.min","count":"count.min","owlCarousel":"th-online/owl.carousel.min","custom":"https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/th-online/custom.min.js?ver=1742377438",}, shim: { 'slick': ['jquery'], 'owlCarousel': ['jquery'], 'jplayerlist': ['jquery','jplayer'] }, waitSeconds:0 }); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery','bootstrap','custom']); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,r,k,h,m){ if(w.performance && w.performance.timing && w.performance.navigation) { w[r] = w[r] || function(){(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(arguments)}; (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['trackConsoleEvents',true]); (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['addBreadCrumbs',"setTimeoutFunction"]); tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(["init", function () { if (tp.user.isUserValid()) { (w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(['userId',tp.pianoId.getUser().email]); } }]); h=d.createElement('script');h.async=true;h.setAttribute('src',s+k); d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(h); (m = window.onerror),(window.onerror = function (b, c, d, f, g) { m && m(b, c, d, f, g),g || (g = new Error(b)),(w[r].q = w[r].q || []).push(["captureException",g]);}) } })(window,document,'//static.site24x7rum.in/beacon/site24x7rum-min.js?appKey=','s247r','b8eb5ce1271ee86c501613f5d0cb5745'); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> if(!(window.fetch&&window.Promise&&[].includes&&Object.assign&&window.Map)){ document.write('<script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v2/polyfill.min.js?features=default,fetch"></scr'+'ipt>'); } </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> !function(){const e=()=>{const e="__tcfapiLocator",t=[],n=window;let o,s,a=n;for(;a;){try{if(a.frames[e]){o=a;break}}catch(c){}if(a===n.top)break;a=a.parent}o||(!function t(){const o=n.document,s=!!n.frames[e];if(!s)if(o.body){const t=o.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,o.body.appendChild(t)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!s}(),n.__tcfapi=function(...e){if(!e.length)return t;"setGdprApplies"===e[0]?e.length>3&&2===parseInt(e[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof e[3]&&(s=e[3],"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===e[0]?"function"==typeof e[2]&&e[2]({gdprApplies:s,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):t.push(e)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(e){const t="string"==typeof e.data;let n={};if(t)try{n=JSON.parse(e.data)}catch(c){}else n=e.data;const o="object"==typeof n&&null!==n?n.__tcfapiCall:null;o&&window.__tcfapi(o.command,o.version,(function(n,s){let a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:n,success:s,callId:o.callId}};e&&e.source&&e.source.postMessage&&e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),o.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e:e()}(); </script><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> var thgCookieConsent = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { let script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = "https://consent.truste.com/notice?domain=thehindugroup.com&c=teconsent&gtm=1&pcookie&js=nj&noticeType=bb&gtm=1&text=true"; script.async = true; script.onload = function(){ resolve(script); } script.onerror =function(){ resolve(script); } document.head.append(script); }); </script><script type = "text/javascript" data-cfasync = "false" > function appURL(){ return "https://www.thehindu.com/"; } function pageType(){ return "sec"; } function pageTypeName(){return "Section";} var DevIdf = { isMobile: false, isTablet: false, isDesktop: false, isMobileAndroid: false, isMobileIos: false, isLargeDesktop: false }; var ClientdeviceType = { "xlarge": "(min-width: 1600px)", "large": "(min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1599px)", "small": "(max-width: 767px)", "medium": "(min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1023px)" }; var userAgent = navigator.userAgent || navigator.vendor || window.opera; function isDeviceEnabled(DeviceValue) {if (DeviceValue == "large" && (DevIdf.isDesktop || DevIdf.isLargeDesktop || DevIdf.isTablet)) { return true; }else if (DeviceValue == "medium" && DevIdf.isTablet) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "small" && DevIdf.isMobile) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "twa" && (DevIdf.isMobileAndroid || DevIdf.isMobileIos)) { return true; } else if (DeviceValue == "all") { return true; } return false; } for (var type in ClientdeviceType) { if (window.matchMedia(ClientdeviceType[type]).matches) { switch (type) { case "xlarge": DevIdf.isLargeDesktop = true; break; case "large": DevIdf.isDesktop = true; break; case "medium": DevIdf.isTablet = true; break; case "small": DevIdf.isMobile = true; if( userAgent.match( /iPad/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPhone/i ) || userAgent.match( /iPod/i ) ){ DevIdf.isMobileIos = true; }else{ DevIdf.isMobileAndroid = true; } break; } break; } } function loadScript(url) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = url; var x = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; x.appendChild(s); } function loadCSS(url) { var link = document.createElement('link'); link.rel = 'stylesheet'; link.href = url; link.type = 'text/css'; var el = document.getElementsByTagName('link')[0]; el.parentNode.insertBefore(link, el); } function getUrlParameter( name, url ) { if (!url) url = location.href; name = name.replace(/[\[]/,"\\\[").replace(/[\]]/,"\\\]"); var regexS = "[\\?&]"+name+"=([^&#]*)"; var regex = new RegExp(regexS,"i"); var results = regex.exec( url ); return results == null ? null : results[1]; } function createCookie(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/"; } function eraseCookie(name) { createCookie(name,"",-1); } function readCookie(name) { var nameEQ = name + "="; var ca = document.cookie.split(';'); for(var i=0;i < ca.length;i++) { var c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0)==' ') c = c.substring(1,c.length); if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length,c.length); } return null; } function deleteCookie(name) { createCookiewithdomain(name,null,-1); } function createCookiewithdomain(name,value,days) { if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "; expires="+date.toGMTString(); } else var expires = ""; document.cookie = name+"="+value+expires+"; domain="+document.location.host.match(/\.[.\w]*/)+";path=/"; } function getStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { if (localStorage.getItem(name)){ cookieObj = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(name)); if (cookieObj !== undefined && (cookieObj.e == null || cookieObj.e > new Date())){return cookieObj.v === undefined ? null : cookieObj.v ; } else{localStorage.removeItem(name);} } return null; } else {return readCookie(name);} } function setStorage(name,value,days){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) { var date = new Date(); localStorage.setItem(name,JSON.stringify({"v":value, "e":date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000))})) } else {createCookie(name,value,days);} } function eraseStorage(name){ if(typeof(Storage) !== "undefined" && 'localStorage' in window && window.localStorage !== null) {localStorage.removeItem(name);} else{eraseCookie(name)} } var isNonSubcribed = true;function isNonSubcribedUser(){return isNonSubcribed;} var myUserStatus = "anon";function UserCurrentStatus(){return myUserStatus;}var imageSizes = [80, 100, 115, 140, 155 ,170, 215, 230, 240, 300, 320, 355,385, 435, 460, 480,560, 615, 660, 730, 810, 960, 1080, 1140, 1200];function imglazyload(selector){ var lazyImages = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" img.lazy")); } else{ lazyImages = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("img.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let lazyImageObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazyImage = entry.target lazyImageloader(lazyImage); lazyImageObserver.unobserve(lazyImage); } }); }); lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageObserver.observe(lazyImage); }); } else { lazyImages.forEach(function(lazyImage) { lazyImageloader(lazyImage); }); } window.__thgimgloaded = true; } function lazyImageloader(lazyImage){ let variant = lazyImage.dataset.deviceVariant; let imagesrc = lazyImage.dataset.srcTemplate; if(typeof imagesrc !="undefined" && imagesrc != ""){ if(typeof variant !="undefined" && variant != ""){ let position = 0; if(DevIdf.isDesktop){ position = 1; } else if(DevIdf.isTablet){ position = 2; } else if(DevIdf.isMobile){ position = 3; } variant = variant.split("~")[position]; var selected = Math.max.apply(null, imageSizes); for (var i = 0; i < imageSizes.length; i++) { if (lazyImage.offsetWidth <= imageSizes[i]) { selected = imageSizes[i]; break; } } var alterRegEx = new RegExp("alternates\/[a-z0-9_]*", "ig"); imagesrc = imagesrc.replace(alterRegEx,"alternates/"+variant + "_" + selected); lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } else{ lazyImage.src = imagesrc; } } lazyImage.classList.remove("lazy"); }var promiseResolve, promiseReject;userIdentify = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){promiseResolve = resolve;promiseReject = reject;});var thg={required:!0,functional:!1,advertising:!1,requiredCookie:function(){return thg.required},functionalCookie:function(){return thg.functional},advertisingCookie:function(){return thg.advertising}};thgCookieConsent.then(function(){var constentbehavior=readCookie("notice_behavior"),cookieconsent=readCookie("cmapi_cookie_privacy");null==cookieconsent&&null!=constentbehavior&&-1==constentbehavior.indexOf("eu")?(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0):null!==cookieconsent?(cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("2")>-1&&(thg.functional=!0),cookieconsent.indexOf("permit")>-1&&cookieconsent.indexOf("3")>-1&&(thg.advertising=!0)):null==constentbehavior&&(thg.functional=!0,thg.advertising=!0);}); </script><script data-cfasync="false"> var _paq = window._paq || []; var _thg_config = window["_thg_config"] || {}; window._thg_config.ufenpoint = "https://uf.thehindu.com/"; window._thg_config.ufsiteId= "th" </script><script data-cfasync="false"> document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000); document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; }; var script = document.createElement("script"); script.setAttribute("async", true); script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); </script><script data-cfasync="false">(function(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) })("https://experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=DC3REpZYpu"); tp = window["tp"] || [];</script><script data-cfasync="false"> function createElementScript(element, className, id = null, styles = {}) { var el = document.createElement(element); el.className = className; for (var key in styles) { el.style[key] = styles[key]; } if (id != null) { el.id = id; } return el; } function insertElementbegin(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterbegin',insertelement) } function insertElementEnd(selector,insertelement){ selector.insertAdjacentElement('afterend',insertelement) } </script><script> window.adfiller = window.adfiller || []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; window.PWT = window.PWT || {}; </script><script data-cfasync="false"> var cX = cX || {}; cX.callQueue = cX.callQueue || []; cX.callQueue.push(['getUserSegmentIds', {persistedQueryId: "6990c6c77067dac0c38997d9445e1eee82681df0", callback: function(segments) { if(typeof window.localStorage === 'object' && typeof window.localStorage.getItem === 'function') { localStorage.setItem("cxSegments", segments.join(",")); } }}]); function getUserSegmentIdsLocal() { var segments = []; if(typeof window.localStorage === 'object' && typeof window.localStorage.getItem === 'function' && localStorage.getItem("cxSegments") !== null && localStorage.getItem("cxSegments").length>0) { segments = localStorage.getItem("cxSegments").split(','); } return segments; } </script><script> function loadGptScript(){ var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); }function loadPWTScript(){ window.PWT.jsLoaded = function(){ //PubMatic pwt.js on load callback is used to load GPT loadGptScript(); }; (function() { var purl = window.location.href; var url = '//ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/159088/2116';var profileVersionId = ''; if(purl.indexOf('pwtv=')>0){ var regexp = /pwtv=(.*?)(&|$)/g; var matches = regexp.exec(purl); if(matches.length >= 2 && matches[1].length > 0){ profileVersionId = '/'+matches[1]; } } var wtads = document.createElement('script'); wtads.async = true; wtads.type = 'text/javascript'; wtads.src = url+profileVersionId+'/pwt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(wtads, node); })(); }Promise.all([userIdentify, thgCookieConsent]).then(function() { if(isNonSubcribedUser() && thg.advertisingCookie()){loadPWTScript();} }); </script><script> googletag.cmd.push(function () {if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky', [320, 50], 'sectiondivsticky').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top', [[336, 280], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01', [[300, 250], [336, 280]], 'secpagetopslotmobile').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('small')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02', [[336, 280], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT', [300, 250], 'secpagetopslot').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }if (isDeviceEnabled('large')) { googletag.defineSlot('/22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Bottom', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1721845187789-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); }googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().setTargeting("CxSegments", getUserSegmentIdsLocal());googletag.pubads().setTargeting("publication", "thehindu");googletag.pubads().setTargeting('Section', ['sci-tech']);googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad();googletag.enableServices(); });</script><script> var dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W5VV9N'); </script><script> thgCookieConsent.then(function() { if(thg.functionalCookie()){ (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-10158580-1', 'auto');} }); </script><script type="text/javascript">var _comscore = _comscore || [];thgCookieConsent.then(function() {if(thg.functionalCookie()){const options={enableFirstPartyCookie: true};if(readCookie("notice_behavior") == 'none'){options.bypassUserConsentRequirementFor1PCookie = true;}_comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "11398210",options: options}); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true;s.src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/11398210/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();}});</script><noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=11398210&cs_ucfr=1&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"> /></noscript><style> .ad-replace { height: auto !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event { display: none !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(1) { display: block !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(2) { display: block !important; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] li.cue-live-event:nth-of-type(3) { display: block !important; } li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img .plutus-img, .subscribed li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img { display: none; } li.breadcrumb-item.plutus-img {width:108px; height:26px; } .navmenu-container .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item .plutus-img{width: 100px;height: 26px;} .candidates-list li .party span.lost,.candidates-list li .party span.won{text-transform: capitalize;display: inline-block;} .constituency .highlight-box .lables-values .item .value span.won{padding-left: 10px;} .constituency .highlight-box .lables-values .item .value span.lost{padding-left: 10px;} .featured .content h3{ font-weight: 500 !important; text-align: left !important; margin: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0.5rem !important; } .small-banner img {max-width:100%} iframe[id^="google_ads_iframe"][height="1"]{display:none;} .elections a img { max-width: 100% !important; } .halfway-line { left: calc(50% - 10px);} .myaccount div#sectiondivicymi { display: none; } .sportstar-section div>section { margin: 0; } .article-section .article-picture .picture.lead-img-verticle { background: #f1f1f1; } .dfp-ad.removeadvt:after { display:none; } section.black-bg.featured .author .content{ display:none; } .cue-live-event li:before { content: none !important; } ol.article-body.article-number-list li:before { content: none !important; } .timeline li a { display: block; } #entryList.timeline li a { display: inline; } .articlebodycontent #div-gpt-ad-1666088319758-0:after{ display:block; } .articlebodycontent #div-gpt-ad-1666088319758-0 { min-height:250px } .art .article-section >.row.justify-content-end { justify-content: unset !important; } .articlebodycontent { max-width: 100%; } .artinrstl-ad .dfp-ad:after{ display: none !important; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px){ .hide-mobile { display: none !important; } .gsiOverlay{ z-index: 9999 !important;} #artmeterpvcr { bottom: 85px; } .subscribed #artmeterpvcr { bottom: 0; } .myaccountlogincontainer { width: 100% !important; } #articledivtrendM { min-height: auto !important; } .article-section p b, .article-section p strong, .article-section p i { font-family: inherit; } .article-section .article-ad { clear: both; } .articlepaywall div[id^="content-body"] #articlediv4{ display:none !important; } .box-line-title h3, .box-line-title h1, .box-line-title h2 { max-width: 90%; } .article-ad #artproduct2 { max-width: 100% !important; } } @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .oTO-Text-points { display: none; } } .article-live-blog .timeline li a::before { border: 0; } .timeline li a::before{ border-left: 2px solid #000000; } .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { left: -25px; top: 14px; } .article-live-blog .timeline .time-list::before { left: 0px;top: 0px; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px) { .article-live-blocker { max-width: calc(100% - 36px); } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker { max-width: 100%; } .article-live-blocker .timeline { padding-left: 26px; } .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { top: 12px; } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker .timeline { padding-left: 0px; } .article-live-blog .article-live-blocker .timeline .time-list::before { top: 0px; } } .sports.sec .sportstar-section .container-fluid.top-pick,.sports.sec.subscribed .sportstar-section .container-fluid.top-pick{ display:none; } @media screen and (max-width: 570px) { .article-photo-gallery .photo-gallery .next-slide { width: 24px !important; height: 36px !important;} .article-photo-gallery .photo-gallery .prev-slide { width: 24px !important; height: 36px !important; } } </style><script>setTimeout(function(){ document.querySelector('.search-field').addEventListener('focusout', function(event) { event.stopPropagation(); document.querySelector('.auto-complete').style.display = "block"; });}, 1000); userIdentify.then(function() { if(isNonSubcribedUser()){ var plutus = document.querySelectorAll(".plutus-img"); for (var j = 0; j < plutus.length; ++j) { plutus[j].style.display = "inline-flex" ; } } }); //live event duplicate removing require(['jquery','bootstrap','custom'], function ($) { setTimeout(function () { const selectElement = document.getElementById('myselection'); const entryList = document.getElementById('entryList'); const listItems = entryList?.getElementsByClassName('time-list'); const selectedValue = $('button.blog-filter.active').attr('data-target'); let happen = []; for (let i = 0; i < listItems.length; i++) { const item = listItems[i]; const happening = item.getAttribute('data-item'); happen.push(happening); } let uniqueArray = [...new Set(happen)]; const filtereduniquearr = uniqueArray.filter(item => item !== "" && item !== null); if (filtereduniquearr.length > 0) { let optionsHTML = ` <button class="blog-filter active" data-target="all"><span class="icon"><img src="/theme/images/th-online/live-event/blog-filter-all.svg" data-src-template="/theme/images/th-online/live-event/blog-filter-all.svg"></span><span class="text">All</span></button>`; uniqueArray.forEach(value => { if (value !== '' && value !== null) { let replaval = value.includes("-") ? value.replace("-", " ") : value; optionsHTML += ` <button class="blog-filter" data-target="${value}"><span class="icon"><img src="/theme/images/th-online/live-event/blog-filter-${value}.svg" data-src-template="/theme/images/th-online/live-event/blog-filter-${value}.svg"></span><span class="text">${replaval}</span></button>`; } }); selectElement.innerHTML = optionsHTML; } $(".live-blog-filters .blog-filter").click(function () { $(".live-blog-filters .blog-filter").removeClass("active"); $(this).addClass("active"); if ($(this).attr("data-target") === "all") { $(".article-live-blog .blog-item").show(); } else { $(".article-live-blog .blog-item").hide(); $(".article-live-blog .blog-item[data-item='" + $(this).attr("data-target") + "']").show(); } }); }, 1000); }); </script></head><body class=" sec"><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemprop="address" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/PostalAddress"><meta itemprop="streetAddress" content="Kasturi Building, Anna Salai, 859-860, Mount Road"/><meta itemprop="addressLocality" content="Chennai"/><meta itemprop="addressRegion" content="Tamil Nadu"/><meta itemprop="postalCode" content="600002"/><meta itemprop="Telephone" content="+91-44-2857 6300"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><span itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/NewsMediaOrganization"><meta itemprop="name" content="The Hindu"/><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.thehindu.com/"/><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png"/><span itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="logo"/><meta content="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thfooterlogo.png" itemprop="url"/><meta content="278" itemprop="width"/><meta content="49" itemprop="height"/></span><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge"/><meta itemprop="sameAs" content="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu"/></span><noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W5VV9N" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><script data-cfasync="false"> if(readCookie("_pc_thgpremiumexp") == "true"){ var element = document.getElementsByTagName("body") element[0].classList.add('subscribed'); } </script><header class="header logout "><div class="container"><div class="menu-outer"><div class="weather"><p><span class="date">March 31, 2025</span><a target="_blank" class="epaper" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/reader?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header&_gl=1*1u4uvwa*_gcl_au*NDk4ODM2Nzc2LjE3MjUwNzc4OTIuNTIxNjMwNzI4LjE3MjU0NDM0NDkuMTcyNTQ0MzQ0OQ..">e-Paper</a></p></div><div class="logo"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" class="img-fluid mobile-logo" width="100%" height="100%" alt="The Hindu Logo" title="The Hindu Logo"></a></div><div class="btns"><div class="btns-handeler"><div><button type="button" class="btn btn-signup thgsignin"><t>LOGIN</t></button><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/myaccount/" class="btn btn-account"><t>Account</t></a></div><div><a href="/subscription/freetrial/?utm_source=TheHindu&utm_medium=section&utm_campaign=FTbutton" class="btn btn-free-trial"><t>FREE TRIAL</t></a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/" class="btn btn-subscribe"> Subscribe </a><a href="/frontpage/" class="btn btn-frame-front"><t>GIFT FRONT PAGE</t></a></div></div></div><div class="hamburger-search"><button class="menu-btn"></button><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/search/" class="header-search-btn"><t>Search</t></a></div> <div class="menu-nav"> <a class="nav-link india " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > India </a> <a class="nav-link world " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > World </a> <a class="nav-link movies " href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/" > Movies </a> <a class="nav-link sport " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> <a class="nav-link data " href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/" > Data </a> <a class="nav-link health " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a class="nav-link opinion " href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> <a class="nav-link science " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a class="nav-link delhi assembly " href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/" > Delhi Elections </a> <a class="nav-link premium " href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/" > Premium </a> </div> <div class="empty-spacer"></div></div></div><!-- dropdown-mega-menu --><div class="dropdown" id="top-menu-dropdown" data-isAppended="no"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-10 col-12"><div class="menu-gird"><a class="menu-item live-span" href="/topic/live-news/" data-target-dropbox="item1">Live Now</a> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/"> Agriculture </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item3">Books</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item3"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/books/"> Books </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Hindi_Belt/"> Hindi Belt </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/the-hindu-on-books/?utm_source=books_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/13_thehinduonbooks.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> The Hindu On Books <span class="sub-title">Books of the week, reviews, excerpts, new titles and features.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item4">Business</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item4"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/"> Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/agri-business/"> Agri-Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/"> Economy </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/"> Industry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/"> Markets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/"> Budget </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/"> Children </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item6">Cities</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item6"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/"> Cities </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/"> Bengaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/"> Chennai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/"> Coimbatore </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/"> Delhi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/"> Hyderabad </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/"> Kochi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/"> Kolkata </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/"> Kozhikode </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/"> Madurai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/"> Mangaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/"> Mumbai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/"> Puducherry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/"> Thiruvananthapuram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/"> Tiruchirapalli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/"> Vijayawada </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/"> Visakhapatnam </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item7">Data</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item7"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/"> Data </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/data-point-podcast/"> Data Point Podcast </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-data/?utm_source=data_point_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/10_datapoint.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Data Point <span class="sub-title">Decoding the headlines with facts, figures, and numbers</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/ebook/"> Ebook </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item9">Education</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item9"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/"> Education </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/careers/"> Careers </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/colleges/"> Colleges </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/education/schools/"> Schools </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/"> Elections </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item11">Entertainment</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item11"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/"> Entertainment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/"> Art </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/"> Dance </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/"> Movies </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/"> Music </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/"> Reviews </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/"> Theatre </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/first-day-first-show/?utm_source=fdfs_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/14_firstdayfirstshow.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> First Day First Show <span class="sub-title">News and reviews from the world of cinema and streaming.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/"> Environment </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item13">Food</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item13"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/"> Food </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/dining/"> Dining </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/features/"> Features </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/guides/"> Guides </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/recipes/"> Recipes </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Good_Health_Hunting/"> Good Health Hunting </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item14">Health</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item14"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/"> Health </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/monkeypox/"> Monkeypox </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/health-matters/?utm_source=health_matters_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/09_healthmatters.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Health Matters <span class="sub-title">Ramya Kannan writes to you on getting to good health, and staying there</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item15">Life &amp; Style</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item15"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/"> Life &amp; Style </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fashion/"> Fashion </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fitness/"> Fitness </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/homes-and-gardens/"> Homes and gardens </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/luxury/"> Luxury </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/motoring/"> Motoring </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/"> Travel </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item16">News</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item16"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/"> India </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/"> World </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/"> States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/"> Cities </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Ground_Zero/"> Ground Zero </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/spotlight/"> Spotlight </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-international/?utm_source=vfi_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/02_editorspick.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> The View From India <span class="sub-title">Looking at World Affairs from the Indian perspective.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item17">Opinion</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item17"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/"> Opinion </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/"> Editorial </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/cartoon/"> Cartoon </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/"> Columns </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/"> Comment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/"> Interview </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/"> Lead </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/letters/"> Letters </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/"> Open Page </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/Readers-Editor/corrections-and-clarifications/"> Corrections &amp; Clarifications </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/real-estate/"> Real Estate </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item19">Science</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item19"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/"> Science </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/isro/"> ISRO </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Question_Corner"> Question Corner </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-science/?utm_source=science_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/12_scienceforall.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Science For All <span class="sub-title">The weekly newsletter from science writers takes the jargon out of science and puts the fun in!</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item20">Society</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item20"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/"> Society </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/faith/"> Faith </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/"> History &amp; Culture </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item21">Sport</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item21"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/"> Sport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/"> Cricket </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/"> Football </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/"> Hockey </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/"> Tennis </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/"> Athletics </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/"> Motorsport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/races/"> Races </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/"> Other Sports </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/Between_Wickets/"> Between Wickets </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/specials/"> Specials </a> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item23">States</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item23"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/"> States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/"> Andhra Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/"> Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/"> Kerala </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/"> Tamil Nadu </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/"> Telangana </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/"> Andaman and Nicobar Islands </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/arunachal-pradesh/"> Arunachal Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/assam/"> Assam </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/"> Bihar </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chandigarh/"> Chandigarh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/chhattisgarh/"> Chhattisgarh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/daman-diu-dadra-and-nagar-haveli/"> Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/goa/"> Goa </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gujarat/"> Gujarat </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/haryana/"> Haryana </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/himachal-pradesh/"> Himachal Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jammu-and-kashmir/"> Jammu and Kashmir </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jharkhand/"> Jharkhand </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lakshadweep/"> Lakshadweep </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ladakh/"> Ladakh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/madhya-pradesh/"> Madhya Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/"> Maharashtra </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/"> Manipur </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/meghalaya/"> Meghalaya </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mizoram/"> Mizoram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/nagaland/"> Nagaland </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/"> Odisha </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/"> Other States </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/punjab/"> Punjab </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/rajasthan/"> Rajasthan </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sikkim/"> Sikkim </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tripura/"> Tripura </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttar-pradesh/"> Uttar Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uttarakhand/"> Uttarakhand </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/west-bengal/"> West Bengal </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-3 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">TOPICS</label> <div class="menu-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/decode-karnataka/"> Decode Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/focus-tamil-nadu/"> Focus Tamil Nadu </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/karnataka-today/?utm_source=karnataka_today_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/07_karnatakatoday.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Karnataka Today <span class="sub-title">Your daily dose of news highlights from Karnataka</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-item has-dropdown" onclick="showDrop(event)" data-target-dropbox="item24">Technology</div> <div class="menu-item full-width sub-dropbox" data-dropbox="item24"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-xl-5 col-lg-5 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">SECTION</label> <div class="menu-list sub-sections"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/"> Technology </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/gadgets/"> Gadgets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/"> Internet </a> </div> </div> <div class=" col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-12"> <label class="sub-menu-title">NEWSLETTER</label> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter/newsletter-today-cache/?utm_source=todays_cache_preview_link&amp;utm_medium=website_nl-sub_page&amp;utm_campaign=newsletter_signup" class="menu-element"> <div class="picture"> <img src="/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/static/content/newsletter/nl-card-01/11_todayscache.jpg" class="lazy" alt="newsletterimg" width="108" height="61"> </div> <p class="title"> Today&#039;s Cache <span class="sub-title">Your download of the top 5 technology stories of the day.</span> </p> <a class="link" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/?utm_source=site_menu&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=newsletter_signup">SEE ALL NEWSLETTERS</a> </a> </div> </div> </div> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/visual-story/"> Visual Story </a> <a class="menu-item" href="https://www.thehindu.com/brandhub/"> Brandhub </a> <style> .menu-gird > div { width: 100%; width: 100%; display: contents; margin: 0 auto; padding: 5px 0; } </style> </div><div class="link-container"><div class="header-social-icon"><label class="label">Connect with us</label><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAvwQJ90x34WZ6FDg36" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="WhatsApp" class="whatsapp"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Twitter" class="twitter"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Facebook" class="facebook"></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Instagram" class="insta"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Linkedin" class="ln"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Youtube" class="youtube"></a><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5yESTCj0iikA81EP3uXkQC" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Spotify" class="spotify"></a><a href="https://t.me/THnewsupdates" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="Telegram" class="telegram"></a></div></div></div><div class="col-xl-2 col-12"><div class="weather"><p><span class="date">March 31, 2025</span><a target="_blank" class="epaper" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/reader?utm_source=Hindu&utm_medium=Menu&utm_campaign=Header&_gl=1*1u4uvwa*_gcl_au*NDk4ODM2Nzc2LjE3MjUwNzc4OTIuNTIxNjMwNzI4LjE3MjU0NDM0NDkuMTcyNTQ0MzQ0OQ..">e-Paper</a></p></div><div class="search-box"><a href="/search/" class="go-to-search-btn">Search for topics, people, articles...</a></div> <div class="menu-nav"> <a class="nav-link india " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > India </a> <a class="nav-link world " href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > World </a> <a class="nav-link movies " href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/" > Movies </a> <a class="nav-link sport " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> <a class="nav-link data " href="https://www.thehindu.com/data/" > Data </a> <a class="nav-link health " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a class="nav-link opinion " href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> <a class="nav-link science " href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a class="nav-link delhi assembly " href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/delhi-assembly/" > Delhi Elections </a> <a class="nav-link premium " href="https://www.thehindu.com/premium/" > Premium </a> </div> <div class="header-link"> <a class="link videos" href="https://www.thehindu.com/videos/" > Videos </a> <a class="link podcast" href="https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/" > Podcast </a> <a class="link photos" href="https://www.thehindu.com/photos/" > Photos </a> <a class="link crossword" href="https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;utm_medium=mainmenu" target="_blank" > Crossword </a> <a class="link newsletter" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/" > Newsletter </a> <div class="link opened"> <label class="events" onclick="eventsDrop(event)"> Events </label> <div class="events-drop"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/lit-for-life/"> Lit for Life </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/the-huddle/"> The Huddle </a> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></header><div class="header-end"></div><div id="artmeterpvcr"></div><script> tp = window["tp"] || []; tp.push(['init', function () { tp.pianoId.init({ loggedIn: function (data) { thgloggedIn(data) }, loggedOut: function () { location.reload(); } }); } ]); function thgloggedIn(data) { if(document.getElementsByTagName("header").length > 0) { document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.remove("logout"); document.getElementsByTagName("header")[0].classList.add("login"); } } function thgLogout() { typeof __thg_event != "undefined" ? __thg_event.triggerLogOut(tp.pianoId.getUser()): null; tp.push(["init", function () { tp = window.tp || []; tp.pianoId.logout() location.reload(); }]); } userIdentify.then(function() { var list = document.querySelectorAll(".btns-handeler"); for (var i = 0; i < list.length; ++i) { if(DevIdf.isMobile || DevIdf.isTablet || $('body.art').length > 0 || $( window ).width() < 1200){ list[i].style.display = "flex" ; }else{ list[i].style.display = "block" ; } } if(isNonSubcribedUser()){ var housing = document.querySelectorAll(".housing-img"); for (var j = 0; j < housing.length; ++j) { housing[j].style.display = "inline-block" ; } var sponserlogo = document.querySelectorAll(".sponcer"); for (var i = 0; i < sponserlogo.length; ++i) { sponserlogo[i].style.display = "inline-block" ; } } }); </script><div id="subscriber-top-billboard"></div><section class="mb-0 mt-0"><div class="container"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px; margin-bottom:45px'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661840335787-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Top, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843222786-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Top, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "></div></div></section><div class="flooting-ad"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='sectiondivsticky' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:50px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('sectiondivsticky'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Sticky, publisher: The Hindu --></div><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false"> require(['jquery'], function($) {fetch(`https://www.thehindu.com/getapplink?ref=${encodeURIComponent("https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/")}`).then((response) => { if(response.ok) { return response.json(); } }).then((res) => { if(typeof res.shortLink != 'undefined'){ $(".read-in-app a").attr("href", res.shortLink) $(".read-in-app a > span").show(); $(".read-in-app-floating-btn a").attr("href", res.shortLink) $(".read-in-app-floating-btn a > span").show(); if ( $(window).width() < 570 ) { setTimeout(function() { $('.read-in-app-floating-btn').fadeIn('fast'); }, 5000); } } }); }); function addnewclass(){ require(['jquery'], function($) { setTimeout(function(){ $(".read-in-app").addClass("nohover") $(".read-in-app-floating-btn").addClass("nohover") }, 1000); }); } </script><script> require(['jquery'], function($) { var offset2 = $(".header").outerHeight(); var currentScrollPos = window.pageYOffset; var prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; if( offset2 < currentScrollPos){ $(".header").addClass("on-scroll"); $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); } $(this).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > offset2 + 10) { var currentScrollPos = window.pageYOffset; if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { // console.log("backward move") $(".header").addClass("on-scroll"); $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(0px)"); } else { // console.log("forward move") if($( window ).width() > 1040){ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-250px)"); } else{ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-100px)"); } } if($( window ).width() < 600){ if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { $(".flooting-ad").slideUp(); } else { $(".flooting-ad").slideDown(); } } // for section page pagination if($(".nav-pagination") != null){ if (prevScrollpos > currentScrollPos) { if($( window ).width() > 1040){ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "75px"); } else if($( window ).width() < 571){ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "65px"); } else{ $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "49px"); } } else { $(".nav-pagination").css("top", "0px"); } } prevScrollpos = currentScrollPos; } else if ($(this).scrollTop() < offset2 + 10){ $(".header").css("transform", "translateY(-00px)"); $(".header").removeClass("on-scroll"); } prevScrollpos = window.pageYOffset; }); }); </script><script> require(['jquery'], function($) { const date = new Date(); const formattedDate = date.toLocaleDateString('en-US', { year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric', }); let currentText = $('.weather .date').text(); let newText = currentText.replace(currentText,formattedDate); $('.weather .date').text(newText); }); function showDrop(event){ if(event.target.classList.contains("opened")){ $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox").slideUp(500, function() { event.target.classList.remove("opened") }); } else{ $(".menu-gird .has-dropdown").removeClass("opened") $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox").hide(); var target = event.target.getAttribute("data-target-dropbox") $(".menu-gird .sub-dropbox[data-dropbox="+target+"]").slideDown() event.target.classList.add("opened") } } function eventsDrop(event){ if(event.target.parentElement.classList.contains("opened")){ $(".events-drop").slideUp(300, function() { event.target.parentElement.classList.remove("opened") }); } else{ $(".events-drop").slideDown() event.target.parentElement.classList.add("opened") } } </script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/THRX/common-styles.min.css?ver=1742377407" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/THRX/section.min.css?ver=1742377401"/><section><div class="container"><!-- Box line title--><div class="five-line-title "><h1> Sci-Tech </h1><div class="five-line-spliter"><span><i></i></span></div></div> <!-- Link List --> <div class="link-list-outer"> <button class="scroll-arrow-btn left"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/slider-rightarrow.svg" alt=""/></button> <button class="scroll-arrow-btn right"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/slider-rightarrow.svg" alt=""/></button> <ul class="link-list " > <li class="active" > <a class="sci-tech-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" > Sci-Tech </a> </li> <li > <a class="science-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> </li> <li > <a class="technology-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/" > Technology </a> </li> <li > <a class="health-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> </li> <li > <a class="agriculture-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/" > Agriculture </a> </li> <li > <a class="environment-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/" > Environment </a> </li> <li > <a class="gadgets-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/gadgets/" > Gadgets </a> </li> <li > <a class="internet-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/" > Internet </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="container"><div class="row xs-reverse two-thr-one sections"><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 tab-only-side-border after-border-right "><div class="element smaller"><div class="label"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/">Sci-Tech </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/isro-achieves-breakthrough-in-semicryogenic-engine-development-for-lvm3/article69389411.ece"> ISRO achieves breakthrough in Semicryogenic engine development for LVM3 </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> PTI</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller"><div class="label"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/">Science </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/partial-solar-eclipse-march-29-where-is-it-visible-time-all-you-need-to-know/article69384743.ece"> Solar eclipse to occur on March 29: Will it be visible in India? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/The-Hindu-Bureau-14355/" class="person-name lnk"> The Hindu Bureau</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller"><div class="label"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/">Health </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/meghalaya-re-skills-tb-survivors-seeks-their-help-as-tb-champions/article69364828.ece"> Meghalaya re-skills TB survivors, seeks their help as ‘TB champions’ </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/Bindu-Shajan-Perappadan-396/" class="person-name lnk">Bindu Shajan Perappadan</a></div></div></div><div class="element smaller no-border"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/how-will-the-universe-end-a-changing-understanding-of-dark-energy-may-provide-a-new-answer/article69365484.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/80oarc/article69365521.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/SCI--Dark_Energy_30265.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/80oarc/article69365521.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/SCI--Dark_Energy_30265.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="This image provided by NSF’s NOIRLab shows the trails of stars above Kitt Peak National Observatory, where a telescope is mapping the universe to study a mysterious force called dark energy. Photo: NSF’s NoirLab via AP" title="This image provided by NSF’s NOIRLab shows the trails of stars above Kitt Peak National Observatory, where a telescope is mapping the universe to study a mysterious force called dark energy. Photo: NSF’s NoirLab via AP" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="label"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/">Science </a></div><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/how-will-the-universe-end-a-changing-understanding-of-dark-energy-may-provide-a-new-answer/article69365484.ece"> How will the universe end? A changing understanding of dark energy may provide a new answer </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> AP</a></div></div></div></div><div class=" col-xl-6 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-12 col-sm-12 col-12"><div class="element main-row-element"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/why-should-tb-patients-data-be-shared-for-nutrition-support/article69385787.ece"> Why are TB patients’ data shared for receiving nutrition support?  </a></h3><div class="right-content"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/why-should-tb-patients-data-be-shared-for-nutrition-support/article69385787.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/news/national/b8lp9b/article69391405.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Nutrition.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/news/national/b8lp9b/article69391405.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Nutrition.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="sub-text"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/why-should-tb-patients-data-be-shared-for-nutrition-support/article69385787.ece">Violation of patient confidentiality is rampant — social media platforms are awash with photographs of TB patients, including children, receiving nutrition kits </a></div><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/R--Prasad-773/" class="person-name lnk">R. Prasad</a></div></div></div></div><div class="row equal-height"><div class=" col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12"><div class="element"><div class="label"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/">World </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-measles-cases-till-march-surpasses-all-of-2024/article69385806.ece"><strong> U.S. measles cases till March surpasses all of 2024 </strong></a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/R--Prasad-773/" class="person-name lnk">R. Prasad</a></div></div></div><div class="element tab-bottom-border"><div class="label premium"><a href="/premium/"> Premium </a></div><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/bipolar-day-disorder-is-complex-but-early-diagnosis-can-lead-to-fulfilling-lives/article69389736.ece"><strong> Bipolar Day: disorder is complex but early diagnosis can lead to fulfilling lives </strong></a></h3></div></div><div class=" col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 after-border-left position-relative"><div class="element"><h3 class="title"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/arduino-the-man-behind-modern-stratigraphy/article69348690.ece"><strong> Arduino, the man behind modern stratigraphy </strong></a></h3><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/arduino-the-man-behind-modern-stratigraphy/article69348690.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/na2ke4/article69348672.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/30istb%20Medal_of_Giovanni_Arduini._Panteon_Veneto_Istituto_Veneto_di_Scienze_Lettere_ed_Arti.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/na2ke4/article69348672.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/30istb%20Medal_of_Giovanni_Arduini._Panteon_Veneto_Istituto_Veneto_di_Scienze_Lettere_ed_Arti.jpg" data-device-variant="LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE~LANDSCAPE" alt="A 19th Century medallion of Giovanni Arduino. As there are no contemporary portrait of Arduino, this medallion that was made sometime before 1850 for the Venetian Pantheon in Campo Santo Stefano, Venice serves as the best option for his likeness. " title="A 19th Century medallion of Giovanni Arduino. As there are no contemporary portrait of Arduino, this medallion that was made sometime before 1850 for the Venetian Pantheon in Campo Santo Stefano, Venice serves as the best option for his likeness. " class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class=" col-xl-3 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-12 after-border-left tab-no-side-border"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='secpagetopslot' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('secpagetopslot'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RT, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='secpagetopslotmobile' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('secpagetopslotmobile'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid01, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="sectiondivtrend" ></div></div></div></div></section><section><div class="container list"><!-- Box line title--><div class="five-line-title "><h3> Science </h3><div class="five-line-spliter"><span><i></i></span></div></div><div class="fragmentcontent lazy" id="Science" data-fragment-url="/sci-tech/science/fragment/topstory?count=6&amp;variant=boxwidget"><div class="th-loader" ><div class="center-load"></div><div class="center-icon"><img class="lazy" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/h-circle-black-white-new.svg" alt="The Hindu Logo" src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" /></div></div></div><a class="small-link see-more center-align-load-more" href="/sci-tech/science/"><span class="text">SEE MORE<span class="slider"></span></span></a></div></section><section><div class="container list"><!-- Box line title--><div class="box-line-title"><h2 class="black-text"><span class="sub-title">Technology</span></h2></div><div class="fragmentcontent lazy" id="Technology" data-fragment-url="/sci-tech/technology/fragment/topstory?count=6&amp;variant=boxwidget"><div class="th-loader" ><div class="center-load"></div><div class="center-icon"><img class="lazy" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/h-circle-black-white-new.svg" alt="The Hindu Logo" src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" /></div></div></div><a class="small-link see-more center-align-load-more" href="/sci-tech/technology/"><span class="text">SEE MORE<span class="slider"></span></span></a></div></section><section><div class="container"><div class="spliter"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 "><div class="d-block d-sm-none "><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843520685-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid02, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:600px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661842879870-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_LM, publisher: The Hindu --></div></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 result"><h4 class="featured-title mb-0">More stories from Sci-Tech</h4><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/what-are-dental-braces-and-how-did-they-originate/article69250887.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/et7go4/article69257734.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2205_w039_n003_224b_p1_224.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/et7go4/article69257734.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2205_w039_n003_224b_p1_224.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="Dentistry medicine doodle concept. Stomatology doctor with healthy shining tooth in hand and medical linear equipment icons around. Dental clinic services, teeth and caries treatment vector signs" title="Dentistry medicine doodle concept. Stomatology doctor with healthy shining tooth in hand and medical linear equipment icons around. Dental clinic services, teeth and caries treatment vector signs" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/what-are-dental-braces-and-how-did-they-originate/article69250887.ece"> What are dental braces, and how did they originate? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/P-S---Niranjana-19342/" class="person-name lnk">P.S. Niranjana</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/understanding-anxiety-disorder/article69292850.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/ggabpn/article69292865.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/3918491.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/ggabpn/article69292865.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/3918491.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/understanding-anxiety-disorder/article69292850.ece"> Understanding anxiety disorder </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/P-S---Niranjana-19342/" class="person-name lnk">P.S. Niranjana</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/here-are-a-few-top-free-ed-tech-platforms-and-courses-to-do-this-summer/article69306066.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/education/4szglr/article69186449.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/10EPBS_AI.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/education/4szglr/article69186449.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/10EPBS_AI.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="Education technology and AI Artificial Intelligence concept, Women use laptops, Learn lessons and online webinars successfully in modern digital learning, Courses to develop new skills" title="Education technology and AI Artificial Intelligence concept, Women use laptops, Learn lessons and online webinars successfully in modern digital learning, Courses to develop new skills" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/here-are-a-few-top-free-ed-tech-platforms-and-courses-to-do-this-summer/article69306066.ece"> Top free ed-tech platforms and courses to do this summer </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/P-S---Niranjana-19342/" class="person-name lnk">P.S. Niranjana</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/what-is-adulteration-and-what-is-its-impact-on-our-daily-lives/article69210912.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/fv0gyr/article69211097.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/pexels-tamanna-rumee-52377920-7956503.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/todays-paper/tp-in-school/fv0gyr/article69211097.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/pexels-tamanna-rumee-52377920-7956503.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/what-is-adulteration-and-what-is-its-impact-on-our-daily-lives/article69210912.ece"> What is adulteration, and what is its impact on our daily lives? </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/P-S---Niranjana-19342/" class="person-name lnk">P.S. Niranjana</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/french-antitrust-regulator-fines-apple-150-million-euros-over-privacy-tool/article69395858.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/fj93zp/article69395887.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-03-25T175321Z_559680246_RC2GKDA82Y81_RTRMADP_3_APPLE-DEVELOPERS-CONFERENCE.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/fj93zp/article69395887.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2025-03-25T175321Z_559680246_RC2GKDA82Y81_RTRMADP_3_APPLE-DEVELOPERS-CONFERENCE.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="FILE PHOTO: Apple was hit with a 150 million euro ($162.42 million)fine by French antitrust regulators for abusing its position in mobile app advertising " title="FILE PHOTO: Apple was hit with a 150 million euro ($162.42 million)fine by French antitrust regulators for abusing its position in mobile app advertising " class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/french-antitrust-regulator-fines-apple-150-million-euros-over-privacy-tool/article69395858.ece"> French antitrust regulator fines Apple 150 million euros over privacy tool </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> Reuters</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/indias-first-satellite-50th-anniversary-of-aryabhata-launch-to-be-celebrated-in-telanganas-sces-run-institutions/article69395521.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/35ypl1/article69395753.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/1976021600400601.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/35ypl1/article69395753.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/1976021600400601.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="Aryabhata Satellite being balanced on the dynamic balancing table at ISSP, Bangalore." title="Aryabhata Satellite being balanced on the dynamic balancing table at ISSP, Bangalore." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/indias-first-satellite-50th-anniversary-of-aryabhata-launch-to-be-celebrated-in-telanganas-sces-run-institutions/article69395521.ece"> India’s first satellite | 50th anniversary of ‘Aryabhata’ launch to be celebrated in Telangana’s SCES-run institutions </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/author/P-Sridhar-354/" class="person-name lnk">P. Sridhar </a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/around-the-world-plastics-are-finding-their-way-into-farm-fields/article69395761.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/erf01n/article69395808.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_37AU9D8.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/erf01n/article69395808.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_37AU9D8.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="This aerial view taken on March 20, 2025, shows workers covering an asparagus field with mulching plastics in Zauchwitz, Brandenburg, eastern Germany." title="This aerial view taken on March 20, 2025, shows workers covering an asparagus field with mulching plastics in Zauchwitz, Brandenburg, eastern Germany." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/around-the-world-plastics-are-finding-their-way-into-farm-fields/article69395761.ece"> Around the world, plastics are finding their way into farm fields </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> AFP</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/bosch-gets-demand-notice-of-over-20-crore-from-income-tax-dept/article69395796.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/n8nddb/article65635313.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2018-01-29T053511Z_529130577_RC186B1B7F80_RTRMADP_3_BOSCH-RESULTS.JPG" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/n8nddb/article65635313.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/2018-01-29T053511Z_529130577_RC186B1B7F80_RTRMADP_3_BOSCH-RESULTS.JPG" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="Bosch Ltd on Monday (March 31, 2025) said it has received a demand notice of over ₹20 crore from the Income Tax department" title="Bosch Ltd on Monday (March 31, 2025) said it has received a demand notice of over ₹20 crore from the Income Tax department" class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/bosch-gets-demand-notice-of-over-20-crore-from-income-tax-dept/article69395796.ece"> Bosch gets demand notice of over ₹20 crore from Income Tax dept </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> PTI</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/morocco-water-highway-averts-crisis-in-cities-amid-doubts-over-sustainability/article69395760.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/mwwehm/article69395793.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36VG3HF.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/mwwehm/article69395793.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/AFP_36VG3HF.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="A picture shows the dam at a station connecting the Sebou and Bou Regreg basins near Kentira city on January 20, 2025. Water from the Sebou river is held at a station near Kenitra, treated, and transported via a 67-km underground canal to Rabat, instead of flowing naturally into the Atlantic Ocean." title="A picture shows the dam at a station connecting the Sebou and Bou Regreg basins near Kentira city on January 20, 2025. Water from the Sebou river is held at a station near Kenitra, treated, and transported via a 67-km underground canal to Rabat, instead of flowing naturally into the Atlantic Ocean." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/morocco-water-highway-averts-crisis-in-cities-amid-doubts-over-sustainability/article69395760.ece"> Morocco &#039;water highway&#039; averts crisis in cities amid doubts over sustainability </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> AFP</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/ai-powered-drones-track-down-fires-in-german-forests/article69395756.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/951qxv/article69395773.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Wildfires_Dry_Weather_50153.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/incoming/951qxv/article69395773.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/Wildfires_Dry_Weather_50153.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="A firefighter works to control the Black Cove Fire on March 26 in North Carolina, US. Representative image." title="A firefighter works to control the Black Cove Fire on March 26 in North Carolina, US. Representative image." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/ai-powered-drones-track-down-fires-in-german-forests/article69395756.ece"> AI-powered drones track down fires in German forests </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> AFP</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/japan-estimates-feared-megaquake-could-cause-18t-in-damage-kill-3-lakh/article69395751.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/sci-tech/science/5m2mj3/article69395750.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/GZ5DV6BHQRNNLP6CAFS5EL5FZ4.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/sci-tech/science/5m2mj3/article69395750.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/GZ5DV6BHQRNNLP6CAFS5EL5FZ4.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="Police officers take part in a search operation for the remains of people who went missing after the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami disaster in Namie, Fukushima prefecture, Japan." title="Police officers take part in a search operation for the remains of people who went missing after the March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami disaster in Namie, Fukushima prefecture, Japan." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/japan-estimates-feared-megaquake-could-cause-18t-in-damage-kill-3-lakh/article69395751.ece"> Japan estimates feared megaquake could cause $1.8T in damage, kill 3 lakh </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> Reuters</a></div></div></div></div><div class="element row-element no-border "><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/new-wave-of-smaller-cheaper-nuclear-reactors-erupts-across-us/article69395744.ece" ><div class=" picture"><img src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/sci-tech/science/acty5c/article69395741.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/1234dims.apnews.jpg" data-original="https://th-i.thgim.com/public/sci-tech/science/acty5c/article69395741.ece/alternates/SQUARE_80/1234dims.apnews.jpg" data-device-variant="SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE~SQUARE" alt="A young man walks a dog past a Last Energy prototype of a microreactor on display in Washington, March 25, 2025." title="A young man walks a dog past a Last Energy prototype of a microreactor on display in Washington, March 25, 2025." class="media-object lazy adaptive placeholder lazy" width="100%" height="100%"/></div></a><div class="right-content"><h3 class="title big"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/new-wave-of-smaller-cheaper-nuclear-reactors-erupts-across-us/article69395744.ece"> New wave of smaller, cheaper nuclear reactors erupts across US </a></h3><div class="by-line"><div class="author-name"><a class="person-name no-lnk"> AP</a></div></div></div></div><!-- Page Navigation --><nav class="nav-pagination" aria-label="page-navigation"><ul class="pagination"><li class="page-item disabled"><a class="page-link prev" ><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i><small> Prev</small></a></li><li class="page-item active "><a class="page-link" href="?page=1">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=2">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=3">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=4">4</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=5">5</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=6">6</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=7">7</a></li><li class="page-item hide-mobile"><a class="page-link" href="?page=8">8</a></li><li class="page-item hide-system"><a class="page-link">...</a></li><li class="page-item "><a class="page-link" href="?page=9">9</a></li><li class="page-item next"><a class="page-link next" href=?page=2><small>Next </small><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li></ul></nav></div><div class="col-xl-3 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-12 "><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0' class='dfp-ad ' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661842588273-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_RM, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none "><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843664158-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid03, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="latest_news_module"><script> var latest_news_moduleloaded = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { if (!latest_news_moduleloaded) { latest_news_moduleloaded = true; latest_news_module_Url = "fragment/latestnews"; fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/"+latest_news_module_Url).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { latest_news_moduleloaded = true; return response.text(); } else{ latest_news_moduleloaded = false; } }).then(function(respone) { document.querySelector("#latest_news_module").innerHTML = respone; $('.timePublished[data-published]').each(function() { var time = $(this).data('published'); if (time) { $(this).html(timeSince(new Date(time))); } }); }).catch(function(error) { latest_news_moduleloaded = false; }); } }); </script></div><div id="todayspaper_module"><script> var todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { if (!todayspaper_moduleloaded) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = true; todayspaper_module_Url = "fragment/todays-paper";fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/"+todayspaper_module_Url+"").then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = true; return response.text(); } else{ todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; } }).then(function(respone) { document.querySelector("#todayspaper_module").innerHTML = respone; try{ if(document.querySelector(".ad-todays-paper img") != null){ document.querySelector(".ad-todays-paper img").src = document.querySelector(".today-paper-img img").src; } } catch(e){ } $('.timePublished[data-published]').each(function() { var time = $(this).data('published'); if (time) { $(this).html(timeSince(new Date(time))); } }); }).catch(function(error) { todayspaper_moduleloaded = false; }); } }); </script></div></div></div></div></section><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block"><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:250px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("large") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661840558578-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_Desktop_Topic_Billboard_Middle, publisher: The Hindu --></div><script> userIdentify.then(function () { if (!isNonSubcribedUser()) { var todaysBriefUrl = "fragment/todaysbrief" var hours = new Date().getHours(); var minutes = new Date().getMinutes(); var urlParams = ""; if (hours >= 20 || hours <= 8) { urlParams = "?brief=evening" } else if (hours >= 14) { urlParams = "?brief=noon" } fetch("https://www.thehindu.com/" + todaysBriefUrl + urlParams).then(function (response) { if (response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function (respone) { if(DevIdf.isMobile){ document.querySelector("#secpagetopslotmobile").innerHTML = respone; }else{ document.querySelector("#secpagetopslot").innerHTML = respone; } }).catch(function (error) {}); } }); </script><div class="read-in-app-floating-btn"><div class="flex-box"><a rel="nofollow"><span class="rna-btn" style="display:none"> Read in App </span></a></div></div><section><div class="container"><div class="d-none d-sm-block d-lg-block d-xl-block" ></div><div class="d-block d-sm-none " ><!-- Begin DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --><div id='div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0' class='dfp-ad flexdfpad' style='min-height:280px;'></div><script>userIdentify.then(function() {if(isDeviceEnabled("small") && isNonSubcribedUser()) {googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1661843816772-0'); }); } });</script><!-- End DFP : /22390678/TH_MWeb_Topic_Mid04, publisher: The Hindu --></div><div id="sectiondivicymi" ></div></div></section><script type="text/javascript"> require(["jquery"], function ($) { $(this).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { if($( window ).width() > 1200){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "30px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() > 1000 && $( window ).width() < 1200){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "12px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() > 600 && $( window ).width() < 1000){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "0px"); return 0; } if($( window ).width() <= 600){ if($(".flooting-ad").css("display") == "block"){ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "95px"); return 0; } $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "0px"); return 0; } $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "30px"); } else{ $("#left-bottom-sticky-container").css("bottom", "-100%"); } }); }); </script><div id="left-bottom-sticky-container"></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="row footer-logo"><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/" ><img class="lazy img-fluid mobile-logo" src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/1x1_spacer.png" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/thehindu-logo.svg" width="100%" height="100%" alt="Return to frontpage"></a></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12"><div class="app-icon"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mobstac.thehindu" title="Google Play"><img class="lazy" alt="Google Play" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/google-playstore-icon.svg"></a><a href="https://apps.apple.com/in/app/the-hindu-news/id771672321" title="Apple Store"><img class="lazy" alt="Apple Store" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online//apple-store-icon.svg"></a></div></div></div><div class="row footer-menu"><div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class="">The Hindu</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="about us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/aboutus/" > About Us </a> <a class="code of editorial values-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/values/" > Code of Editorial Values </a> <a class="news archive-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/archive/" > News Archive </a> <a class="sitemap-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sitemap/" > Sitemap </a> <a class="print subscription-menu" href="http://www.thehindugroup.in/subscribe/" > Print Subscription </a> <a class="digital subscription-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/subscription/?utm_source=footer&amp;utm_medium=section&amp;utm_caign=website" > Digital Subscription </a> <a class="subscribe to newsletters-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/newsletter-subscription/" > Subscribe to Newsletters </a> <a class="rss feeds-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/rssfeeds/" > Rss Feeds </a> <a class="readers editor-terms of reference-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/readers-editor-terms/" > Readers Editor-Terms of Reference </a> <a class="authors &amp; contributors-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/profile/" > Authors &amp; Contributors </a> <a class="gift front page-menu" href=" https://www.thehindu.com/frontpage/" > Gift Front page </a> </div> <h5 class="">Contact us</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="contact us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/contacts/" > Contact Us </a> <a class="social media-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/social/" > Social Media </a> <a class="advertise with us-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/advertise-with-us/" > Advertise With Us </a> </div> <h5 class="">Group News Sites</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="business line-menu" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank" > Business Line </a> <a class="bl on campus-menu" href="https://bloncampus.thehindubusinessline.com/" target="_blank" > BL on Campus </a> <a class="sportstar-menu" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Sportstar </a> <a class="frontline-menu" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Frontline </a> <a class="இந்து தமிழ் திசை-menu" href="https://www.hindutamil.in/" target="_blank" > இந்து தமிழ் திசை </a> <a class="the hindu centre-menu" href="https://www.thehinducentre.com/" target="_blank" > The Hindu Centre </a> <a class="young world club-menu" href="https://ywc.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > Young World Club </a> <a class="the hindu epaper-menu" href="https://epaper.thehindu.com/?utm_source=Hindu&amp;utm_medium=Menu&amp;utm_campaign=Header" target="_blank" > The Hindu ePaper </a> <a class="business line epaper-menu" href="https://epaper.thehindubusinessline.com/login" target="_blank" > Business Line ePaper </a> <a class="crossword + free games-menu" href="https://crossword.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;utm_medium=mainmenu" target="_blank" > Crossword + Free Games </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class="">Other Products</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="roofandfloor-menu" href="https://roofandfloor.thehindu.com/?utm_source=thehindu&amp;amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Internal-Marketing" target="_blank" > RoofandFloor </a> <a class="step-menu" href="https://step.thehindu.com/" target="_blank" > STEP </a> <a class="images-menu" href="https://thehinduimages.com/" target="_blank" > Images </a> <a class="classifieds - print-menu" href="http://www.thehinduclassifieds.in/" target="_blank" > Classifieds - Print </a> <a class="bookstore &amp; special publications-menu" href="https://publications.thehindugroup.com/bookstore/" target="_blank" > Bookstore &amp; Special Publications </a> </div> <h5 class="">Popular Sections</h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a class="elections-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/elections/" > Elections </a> <a class="latest news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/latest-news/" > Latest News </a> <a class="national news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/" > National News </a> <a class="international news-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/" > International News </a> <a class="videos-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/videos/" > Videos </a> <a class="life &amp; style-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/" > Life &amp; Style </a> <a class="food-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/" > Food </a> <a class="podcast-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/podcast/" > Podcast </a> <a class="showcase-menu" href="https://www.thehindu.com/showcase/" > Showcase </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/" > Opinion </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/" > Editorial </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/" > Columns </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/" > Comment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/cartoon/" > Cartoon </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/letters/" > Letters </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/" > Interview </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/" > Lead </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/" > Business </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/agri-business/" > Agri-Business </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/" > Industry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/" > Economy </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/" > Markets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/" > Budget </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/" > Sport </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/" > Cricket </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/" > Football </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/" > Hockey </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/" > Tennis </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/athletics/" > Athletics </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/motorsport/" > Motorsport </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/races/" > Races </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/" > Other Sports </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/" > Sci-Tech </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/" > Science </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/" > Technology </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/" > Health </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/" > Agriculture </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/" > Environment </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/gadgets/" > Gadgets </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/" > Internet </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-lg-2 col-md-3 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/" > States </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/" > Andhra Pradesh </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/" > Karnataka </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/" > Kerala </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/" > Tamil Nadu </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/" > Telangana </a> </div> <h5 class=""> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/" > Cities </a> </h5> <div class="footer-sub-list"> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/" > Bengaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/" > Chennai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/" > Coimbatore </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/" > Delhi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/" > Hyderabad </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/" > Kochi </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/" > Kolkata </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/" > Kozhikode </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/" > Madurai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/" > Mangaluru </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/" > Mumbai </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/puducherry/" > Puducherry </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/" > Thiruvananthapuram </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/" > Tiruchirapalli </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/" > Vijayawada </a> <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/" > Visakhapatnam </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-4 col-lg-4 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><div class="row"><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5 class="">Trending on The Hindu</h5><div class="footer-sub-list with-graph-icon"><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/"> News </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/"> India News </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/"> Entertainment news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/stock-markets-trade-lower-on-weak-global-trends-amid-us-tariff-jitters/article69384719.ece"> Sensex, Nifty updates </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/"> Sports, IPL 2025 News </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/"> Delhi news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/topic/live-news/"> Live news </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sitemap/googlenews/all/all.xml"> Google news sitemap </a><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/sitemap/update/all.xml"> Update sitemap </a></div></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5 class="">Trending on Group sites</h5><div class="footer-sub-list with-graph-icon"><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/share-market-nifty-sensex-live-updates-1st-april-2024/article68012792.ece"> Stock Market Live Updates </a><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/"> IPL 2025 - SS </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stocks-that-will-see-action-todaymarch-22-2024/article67979002.ece"> Stocks to buy today </a><a href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/"> Domestic cricket </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/gold-rate-today/Chennai/"> Gold Rate Today </a><a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/silver-rate-today/"> Silver Rate Today </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/arvind-kejriwal-exclusive-interview-delhi-election-2025-voting-aap-vs-bjp-vs-congress/article69131147.ece?utm_source=th&amp;utm_medium=footer&amp;utm_campaign=internal"> Arvind Kejriwal Exclusive Interview </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/waqf-amendment-bill-impact-indian-muslims-reforms-consultative-process-othering-backwardness/article68849163.ece?utm_source=th&amp;utm_medium=footer&amp;utm_campaign=internal"> Editor’s Note: Putting Muslims in their place? </a><a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/current-issue/"> Frontline Current Issue </a></div></div><!-- Footer latest news widget --><div class="col-xl-12 col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12 footer-list"><h5><a href="https://www.thehindu.com//latest-news/">Latest News</a></h5><div class="latest-news-section row"><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><!-- timeline --><ul class="latest-news-list "><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/temperatures-could-drop-in-telangana-from-april-1-for-four-days/article69395831.ece">Temperatures could drop in Telangana from April 1 for four days</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/aurangzeb-tomb-matter-being-raised-unnecessarily-rss-leader-suresh-joshi/article69396018.ece">Aurangzeb tomb matter being raised unnecessarily: RSS leader Suresh Joshi</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/power-supply-cut-to-private-steel-company-for-discharging-effluents-into-stream-in-erode/article69395826.ece">Power supply cut to private steel company for discharging effluents into stream in Erode</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/understanding-anxiety-disorder/article69292850.ece">Understanding anxiety disorder</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/operate-new-train-to-convenient-schedule-say-rail-users/article69395243.ece">Operate new train to convenient schedule, say rail users</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-xl-6 col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-12"><!-- timeline --><ul class="latest-news-list "><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/right-to-bodily-autonomy-hc-allows-woman-to-terminate-pregnancy-with-foetal-anomalies/article69395968.ece">Right to bodily autonomy: HC allows woman to terminate pregnancy with foetal anomalies</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/here-are-a-few-top-free-ed-tech-platforms-and-courses-to-do-this-summer/article69306066.ece">Top free ed-tech platforms and courses to do this summer</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/mgnrega-wage-revised-to-370-a-day-from-april-1/article69395963.ece">MGNREGA wage revised from ₹349 to ₹370 a day from April 1</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/food/features/radhika-howarth-flavours-without-borders-cookbook/article69395848.ece">Radhika Howarth’s Flavours Without Borders spotlights 20 ingredients in three culinary styles</a></li><li><a href="https://www.thehindu.com/children/what-is-adulteration-and-what-is-its-impact-on-our-daily-lives/article69210912.ece">What is adulteration, and what is its impact on our daily lives?</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="footer-social-icon"><a href="https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaAvwQJ90x34WZ6FDg36" class="whatsapp"></a><a href="https://twitter.com/The_Hindu" class="twitter"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/thehindu" class="facebook"></a><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_hindu/?ref=badge" class="insta"></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/the-hindu/" class="ln"></a><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/The1878Hindu" class="youtube"></a><a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/5yESTCj0iikA81EP3uXkQC" class="spotify"></a><a href="https://t.me/THnewsupdates" class="telegram"></a></div><div class="link-list"> <a class="terms of use-menu" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank" > Terms of Use </a> <a class="privacy policy-menu" href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank" > Privacy Policy </a> <li id="teconsent" > </li> </div><p class="copyrights"> Copyright© 2025, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. </p><div class="back-to-top"><p>BACK TO TOP<img alt="Back to Top" class="lazy" data-src-template="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/th-online/back-to-top-arrow.svg"></p></div></div></div></div><div id="consent_blackbar"></div></footer><div class="footer-end"></div><script> loadCSS("https://www.thehindu.com/theme/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1742377295"); </script><script> function fragmentlazyload(selector){ var fragmentcontent = []; if(typeof selector !== 'undefined' && selector){ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(selector +" .fragmentcontent.lazy")); } else{ fragmentcontent = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".fragmentcontent.lazy")) } if ("IntersectionObserver" in window) { let optionsItersect = { rootMargin: '-400px', threshold: 0 } let lazyContentObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, optionsItersect) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { let lazycontent = entry.target; let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ try{ $(lazycontent).html(resp); } catch(e){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; } delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); lazyContentObserver.unobserve(lazycontent); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); } }); }); fragmentcontent.forEach(function(content) { lazyContentObserver.observe(content); }); } else { fragmentcontent.forEach(function(lazycontent) { let fragmentUrl = lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; fetch(fragmentUrl).then(function(response) { if(response.ok && (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 400)) { return response.text(); } }).then(function(resp) { if(typeof resp !="undefined"){ lazycontent.innerHTML = resp; delete lazycontent.dataset.fragmentUrl; imglazyload("#"+lazycontent.id); lazycontent.classList.remove("lazy"); } }).catch(function(error) { console.error(error) }); }); } }document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) { imglazyload(); fragmentlazyload();});</script><script> const _disallow_params = ["gaa_at", "gaa_n", "gaa_ts", "gaa_sig"] tp.push(['init', function() { const current_url = new URL(window.location.href) const matched_params = _disallow_params.filter(el => current_url.searchParams.has(el)) if (!tp.pianoId.isUserValid() && matched_params.length == 0){ loadScript("https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"); setTimeout(() => { google.accounts.id.initialize({ client_id: '853251516072-1eudfpp9hhjtjp31fpm8g9fus3ig0ec3.apps.googleusercontent.com', callback: handleGoogleSignIn, use_fedcm_for_prompt: true, auto_prompt: false, itp_support: true }); handleResponseUrl(); }, 3000); } }]) function parseJwt (token) { var base64Url = token.split('.')[1]; var base64 = base64Url.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/'); var jsonPayload = decodeURIComponent(window.atob(base64).split('').map(function(c) { return '%' + ('00' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-2); }).join('')); return JSON.parse(jsonPayload); } </script><div id="g_id_onload" data-skip_prompt_cookie="__utp" data-auto_prompt="false" data-itp_support="true" data-use_fedcm_for_prompt="true" ></div><!-- Promotion content on Login --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Faustina:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&display=swap" crossorigin="anonymous"><style> #gsi_overlay { display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9999; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); } #oneTapOverlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 9998; width: 100%; height: 100%; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); } .oneTapOverlay-inner { margin-right: 420px; margin-left: auto; width: calc(100% - 420px); display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: flex-end; margin-top: 80px; } .oTO-Text-Logo img { width: 59px; height: 59px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-top: 57px; max-width: 550px; } .oTO-Text { padding: 0 16px; color: #FFFFFF; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; margin: 15px 0; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 20px; margin: 16px 0 8px; font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-weight: bold; } .oTO-Text-points { padding: 0; position: absolute; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 8px; font-family: "Faustina", serif; list-style-type: none; position: relative; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; } .oTO-Text-points li::before { content: ''; display: block; padding: 8px 7px; background: url('https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/arrow-819.svg') no-repeat center center; background-size: contain; margin-right: 8px; margin-top: 6px; } .oneTapOverlay-arrow img { max-width: 100%; } @media screen and(max-width: 1250px) { .oneTapOverlay-arrow { display: none } } @media screen and(max-width: 820px) { .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } .oneTapOverlay-text { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; } } @media screen and(max-height: 500px) { .oneTapOverlay-text { margin-top: 0; } .oTO-Text-title { font-size: 24px; } .oTO-Text-subtitle { font-size: 18px; } .oTO-Text-points li { font-size: 16px; } } @media(max-width: 767px) { #gsi_overlay { z-index: 9999 !important; } .oTO-Text-points { display: none !important; } } body.headersticky iframe#credential_picker_iframe { bottom: 85px !important; } div#credential_picker_container { z-index: 99999999999999999999 !important; } </style><div id="gsi_overlay"><div class="oneTapOverlay-inner"><div class="oneTapOverlay-text"><div class="oTO-Text-Logo"><img src='https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/th-online-icon.svg' alt="The Hindu"/></div><div class="oTO-Text"><div class="oTO-Text-title">Sign in to unlock member-only benefits!</div><ul class="oTO-Text-points"><li>Access 10 free stories every month</li><li>Save stories to read later</li><li>Access to comment on every story</li><li>Sign-up/manage your newsletter subscriptions with a single click</li><li>Get notified by email for early access to discounts &amp; offers on our products</li></ul></div></div><div class="oneTapOverlay-arrow"><img src='https://www.thehindu.com/theme/images/google-signin/group-12945.svg' alt="Sign in"/></div></div></div><script> const gsi_container = document.getElementById("g_id_onload") const auth_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/gni"; const response_ep = "https://madhyama.thehindu.com/api/sociallogin" function logMomentNotification(v) { console.log(v); // const gsi_overlay = document.getElementById("gsi_overlay") if(v === "display") { // gsi_overlay.style.display = "block"; dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'view', 'click_type' : '', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin_view' } }); } // else gsi_overlay.style.display = "none" } function loginCallback(res) { handleGoogleSignIn() } function pushLoginEventToDataLayer() { dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'onetap_signin', 'data' : { 'click':'sign_in', 'click_type' : 'action', 'general_placement':'body', 'detailed_placement':'', 'goal_type':'onetap_signin' } }); } function handleGoogleSignIn(user) { console.log('handleGoogleSignIn'); const clean_url = cleanArticleUrl(); const options = { method: "POST", headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "token": user.credential, "article_url": clean_url, "pubId": "TH", }) }; fetch(auth_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { if (res.redirect_uri) { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); setTimeout(() => { window.location.replace(res.redirect_uri); }, 0200); } else if (!res.token || res.token.trim() === "") return else if(res.token && window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { pushLoginEventToDataLayer(); try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.token); setTimeout(() => window.location.reload(), 0700); }]) else { console.log("Nothing happened...") } }) .catch(err => console.error(err)); } function cleanArticleUrl() { const params_to_remove = ["utm_source", "utm_medium", "utm_campaign", "utm_term", "utm_content"] const url_obj = new URL(`${window.location.href}`) url_obj.searchParams.forEach((v, k) => {if (params_to_remove.includes(k)) url_obj.searchParams.delete(k)} ) return url_obj.toString() } function handleResponseUrl() { const url_obj = new URL(window.location.href) const response_id = url_obj.searchParams.get("response_id") const redirect_uri = url_obj.searchParams.get("internal_redirect_uri") if (!response_id || !redirect_uri) { google?.accounts.id.prompt((d) => { logMomentNotification(d.getMomentType()); }); return } // If user is already logged in, Do nothing with response_id or redirect_uri // else if (window.tp && window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) return; const options = { method: 'POST', headers: getHeaders(), body: JSON.stringify({ "response_id": response_id, "pubId": "TH" }) } fetch(response_ep, options) .then(function(res) { if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.statusText) return res.json() }) .then(function(res) { console.log(res) // return if response is not ok OR no access token is present if (!res.data.status === "ok" || !res.data.access_token) return if(window.tp.pianoId) tp.push(['init', function() { try { let parsedToken = parseJwt(res.data.access_token) dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; dataLayer.push ({ 'event' : 'login_successful', 'data' : { 'onetap_signin': 'yes', 'email': parsedToken.email, 'uid': parsedToken.sub, 'platform': 'WEB' } }); } catch (error) { console.log("onetap-signin-err", error); } tp.pianoId.loginByToken(res.data.access_token) setTimeout(function() { window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }, 1000); }]) else window.location.replace(res.data.redirect_uri) }) .catch(err => console.error("Error: ", err)); } function getHeaders() { return { "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*", "Authorization": "Basic dGhlaGluZHU6a251cl9DSC1BNVBZVSU4Vw==", "Content-Type": "application/json", } } </script><script> window.tp.push([ "init", function () { if (window.tp.pianoId.isUserValid()) loadScript("https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/vue-petite.min.js?ver=1742377262") } ]) </script><style> .link a { color: white !important; } .device-info { margin-right: 4px; } .popup-background { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; z-index: 15; } [v-cloak] { display: none; } .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 800px; height: auto; background: #000000; padding: 35px 75px 35px 110px; color: #ffffff; position: relative; } .popup .popup-close { border: none; background: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; position: absolute; top: 15px; right: 15px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 20px; text-decoration: none; } .popup .title { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; text-align: left; display: flex; align-items: center; position: relative; min-height: 50px; } .popup .title::before { content: ""; width: 50px; height: 50px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/th-circle-white.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: 50px 50px; display: block; position: absolute; left: -65px; } .popup .sub-text { font-family: "Merriweather", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: normal; margin: 5px 0 15px; } .popup .popup-btn { background-color: #ffffff !important; color: #000000 !important; font-weight: bold; width: max-content; min-width: 130px; height: 34px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; border: none; cursor: pointer; font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; padding: 0px 10px 0px 20px; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 25px auto; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:focus { box-shadow: none; outline: none; text-decoration: none; } .popup .popup-btn:after { content: "→"; position: relative; opacity: 0; top: -1px; right: 15%; transition: 0.3s; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 10px; color: #000000; text-decoration: none; outline: none; } .popup .popup-btn:hover::after { opacity: 1; right: -8px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 20px 0; padding: 0; overflow-y: scroll; max-height: calc(100vh - 380px); padding-right: 15px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 10px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1215686275); transition: width 0.3s; cursor: pointer; display: block; border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3333333333); border-radius: 20px; } .popup .device-list li { width: 100%; padding: 12px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1333333333); } .popup .device-list li:first-child { padding-top: 0; } .popup .device-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; padding-bottom: 0; } .popup .device-list li > div { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: flex-start; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; text-align: right; width: 15px; position: relative; top: 3px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { content: ""; width: 20px; height: 20px; background: url(../../../theme/images/th-online/device-user-icon.svg) no-repeat center; background-size: contain; display: block; margin: 0px 10px 0; position: relative; top: 2px; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: left; line-height: normal; } .popup .device-list li .device span { display: block; font-family: inherit; } .popup .device-list li .popup-btn { margin: 0 0; } .popup p.link { font-family: "Merriweather Sans", sans-serif; font-weight: 200; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; margin: 20px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { font-weight: inherit; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: all 0.3s; } .popup p.link a:hover { text-decoration: none; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } @media screen and (max-width: 700px) { .popup { padding: 40px 40px 40px 90px; } } @media screen and(max-width: 570px) { .popup { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; padding: 35px 25px; } .popup .popup-close { font-size: 17px; line-height: 17px; } .popup .title { font-size: 14px; min-height: auto; padding-left: 60px; margin-bottom: 15px; line-height: 24px; } .popup .title::before { left: 0; } .popup .sub-text { font-size: 14px; margin: 5px 0 15px; line-height: normal; } .popup .popup-btn { min-width: 90px; height: 30px; font-size: 10px; margin: 15px auto; } .popup .popup-btn:hover { padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 0px; } .popup .device-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; } .popup .device-list::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li { padding: 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .s-no { font-size: 13px; width: 5px; } .popup .device-list li .icon { width: 15px; height: 15px; background-size: 15px 15px; margin: 2px 7px 0; } .popup .device-list li .device { font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; } .popup p.link { font-size: 12px; margin: 15px auto 0; } .popup p.link a { text-underline-offset: 2px; } .popup p.link span { color: #555555; font-size: 18px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: 3px; } } </style><div class="popup-background" id="user-session-popup" v-show="store.session_limit_exceeded === true" v-scope v-cloak><div class="popup"><button class="popup-close" onclick="window.tp.pianoId.logout()">&#10005;</button><div class="title">Looks like you are already logged in from more than 3 devices!</div><div class="sub-text">To continue logging in, remove at least one device from the below list</div><ul class="device-list"><li v-for="device_detail, index in store.device_info" :key="index"><div class="device-info" v-scope="DeviceInfoComponent({index, ...device_detail})"></div><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest([device_detail.payload], 'single')">Log out</button></li></ul><button class="btn popup-btn" @click="sendDeleteRequest(store.device_info.map(di => di.payload), 'all')">Log Out from all devices</button><p class="link"><a href="https://www.thehindugroup.com/privacy.html" target="_blank">Terms & conditions</a><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><a href="https://forms.office.com/r/tz7UETzxUs" target="_blank">Institutional Subscriber</a></p></div></div><template id="device-info"><span class="s-no">${ ind + 1 }</span><span class="icon"></span><span class="device"> ${ device }<span class="duration">Last active - ${ la }</span></span></template><script>const us_api_domain = "/";</script><script src="https://www.thehindu.com/theme/js/user_session.min.js?ver=1742377438"></script></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10