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id="toc-Marriage,_Volker_Fund,_and_academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage,_Volker_Fund,_and_academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Marriage, Volker Fund, and academia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage,_Volker_Fund,_and_academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Right" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Right"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Old Right </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Right-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Ayn_Rand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Ayn_Rand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Conflict with Ayn Rand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Ayn_Rand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Left_outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Left_outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 New Left outreach </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Left_outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libertarianism_and_Cato_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libertarianism_and_Cato_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Libertarianism and Cato Institute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libertarianism_and_Cato_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mises_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mises_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Mises Institute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mises_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleolibertarianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleolibertarianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Paleolibertarianism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleolibertarianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austrian_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austrian_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Austrian economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austrian_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polemics_against_mainstream_economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polemics_against_mainstream_economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Polemics against mainstream economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polemics_against_mainstream_economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disputes_with_other_Austrian_economists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disputes_with_other_Austrian_economists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Disputes with other Austrian economists </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disputes_with_other_Austrian_economists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Ethics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anarcho-capitalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anarcho-capitalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Anarcho-capitalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anarcho-capitalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race,_gender,_and_civil_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race,_gender,_and_civil_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Race, gender, and civil rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race,_gender,_and_civil_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Views on war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_revisionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_revisionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Historical revisionism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_revisionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Middle East conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_rights_and_parental_obligations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_rights_and_parental_obligations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Children's rights and parental obligations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_rights_and_parental_obligations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retributive_theory_of_criminal_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retributive_theory_of_criminal_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Retributive theory of criminal justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retributive_theory_of_criminal_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Torture_of_criminal_suspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torture_of_criminal_suspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9.1 Torture of criminal suspects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torture_of_criminal_suspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_scientism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_scientism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Science and scientism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_scientism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_contributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_contributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Book contributions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Monographs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Interviews </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Murray Rothbard</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" > 41 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موراي روثبورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موراي روثبورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCrrey_Rotbard" title="Mürrey Rotbard – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mürrey Rotbard" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موری راتبارد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موری راتبارد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Мъри Ротбард – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мъри Ротбард" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Μάρεϊ Ρόθμπαρντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρεϊ Ρόθμπαρντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موری راتبارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موری راتبارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%93%9C" title="머리 로스바드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="머리 로스바드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Ռոտբարդ Մյուրեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոտբարդ Մյուրեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%27%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93" title="מארי רות'בארד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מארי רות'בארד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="موراى روثبورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موراى روثبورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="マレー・ロスバード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレー・ロスバード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89" title="مورې راثبارډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مورې راثبارډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Murray Rothbard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Murray 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rothbard_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rothbard (disambiguation)">Rothbard (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Murray Rothbard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Rothbard_%2770s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/220px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/330px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rothbard_%2770s.jpg/440px-Rothbard_%2770s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="576" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Rothbard in the 1970s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Murray Newton Rothbard</div> (1926-03-02)March 2, 1926 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 7, 1995(1995-01-07) (aged 68) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Oakwood Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Unionville,_Virginia" title="Unionville, Virginia">Unionville, Virginia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization(s)</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a> <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> <a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom</a> (1968–1974) <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> (1974–1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">Economic history</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_economic_thought" title="History of economic thought">History of economic thought</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal philosophy">Legal philosophy</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a> <a href="/wiki/Praxeology" title="Praxeology">Praxeology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute">Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Samuel Edward Konkin III</a> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastiat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Böhm-Bawerk">Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaetanus">Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cantillon" title="Richard Cantillon">Cantillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garet_Garrett" title="Garet Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotius" class="mw-redirect" title="Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Locke" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._von_Mises" class="mw-redirect" title="L. von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Nock" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Oppenheimer" title="Franz Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Turgot" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Vitoria" class="mw-redirect" title="De Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contributions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">Historical revisionism</a> <a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a> <a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism#Market-oriented_left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-Libertarianism</a> <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva 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a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Libertarianism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#F5DD00; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:black; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism#Bleeding-Heart_Libertarians" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-libertarianism" title="Neo-libertarianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarchy_(political_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panarchy (political philosophy)">Panarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_paternalism" title="Libertarian paternalism">Paternalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_politics#Libertarian_transhumanism" title="Transhumanist politics">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_banking" title="Free banking">Free banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Individuality">Individuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-politics">Non-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-voting">Non-voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">Open border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Public choice theory">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">Restorative justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_Individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugged Individualism">Rugged Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom School">Freedom School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Barnett" title="Randy Barnett">Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" title="Kevin Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Chartier" title="Gary Chartier">Chartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ebeling" title="Richard Ebeling">Ebeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Epstein" title="Richard Epstein">Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patri_Friedman" title="Patri Friedman">P. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Joseph_Galambos" title="Andrew Joseph Galambos">Galambos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garet_Garrett" title="Garet Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_(philosopher)" title="David Gordon (philosopher)">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Harper" title="F. A. Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">Hospers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">R. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_LeFevre" title="Robert LeFevre">LeFevre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibor_Machan" title="Tibor Machan">Machan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Menger" title="Karl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Robertson" title="John A. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Samuels" title="L. K. Samuels">Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Neil_Schulman" title="J. Neil Schulman">Schulman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Sciabarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Scott" title="James C. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Skousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Somin" title="Ilya Somin">Somin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_C._Sutton" title="Antony C. Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Volokh" title="Eugene Volokh">Volokh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder" title="Laura Ingalls Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Williams" title="Walter E. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_N._Wilson" title="Clyde N. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Chamberlain_(journalist)" title="John Chamberlain (journalist)">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Gillespie" title="Nick Gillespie">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Gutfeld" title="Greg Gutfeld">Gutfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Miller (political strategist)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Postrel" title="Virginia Postrel">Postrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pugsley" title="John Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(comedian)" title="Dave Smith (comedian)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Soave" title="Robby Soave">Soave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Welch" title="Matt Welch">Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Amash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Burt" title="Marshall Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Massie" title="Thomas Massie">Massie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">McAfee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nolan_(politician)" title="David Nolan (politician)">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Ventura</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Come_and_take_it" title="Come and take it">Come and take it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_flag" title="Gadsden flag">Gadsden flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Swanson" title="Ron Swanson">Ron Swanson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_Project" title="Free State Project">Free State Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_International_(organization)" title="Liberty International (organization)">Liberty International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason (magazine)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Liberty" title="Students for Liberty">Students for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">Young Americans for Liberty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchist_Cookbook" title="The Anarchist Cookbook">The Anarchist Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Education" title="The Case Against Education">The Case Against Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Civil Disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin#The_Creature_from_Jekyll_Island" title="G. Edward Griffin">The Creature from Jekyll Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="The Discovery of Freedom">The Discovery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_the_Fed" title="End the Fed">End the Fed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Future_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Future and Its Enemies">The Future and Its Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_God_of_the_Machine" title="The God of the Machine">The God of the Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(1881%E2%80%931908)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (1881–1908)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy_and_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Man, Economy and State">Man, Economy and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_is_a_Harsh_Mistress" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon is a Harsh Mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mainspring_of_Human_Progress" title="The Mainspring of Human Progress">The Mainspring of Human Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No,_They_Can%27t" title="No, They Can't">No, They Can't</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Treason" title="No Treason">No Treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Libertarian_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="New Libertarian Manifesto">New Libertarian Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_or_Free_Trade" title="Protection or Free Trade">Protection or Free Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_Like_a_State" title="Seeing Like a State">Seeing Like a State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unconstitutionality_of_Slavery" title="The Unconstitutionality of Slavery">The Unconstitutionality of Slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">American militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_(wrestler)" title="Kane (wrestler)">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Koch (Charles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">Koch (David)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarianism in Hong Kong">Libertarianism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Democracy_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="On Democracy in America">On Democracy in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Napolitano" title="Andrew Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Taleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anton_Wilson" title="Robert Anton Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Capitalism" title="Category:Capitalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">Austerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_cycle" title="Business cycle">Business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson">Businessperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_accumulation" title="Capital accumulation">Capital accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_market" title="Capital market">Capital markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">Competitive markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">Economic interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_surplus" title="Economic surplus">Economic surplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_capital" title="Fictitious capital">Fictitious capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market" title="Financial market">Financial market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_price_system" title="Free price system">Free price system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">Goods and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_hand_(economics)" title="Visible hand (economics)">Visible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalization" title="Liberalization">Liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_seeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Rent seeking">Rent seeking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">Supply and demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">Surplus value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(economics)" title="Value (economics)">Value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_labour" title="Wage labour">Wage labour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic systems</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon capitalism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market#General_principles" title="Free market">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Laissez-faire capitalism">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian capitalism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market capitalism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed capitalism">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="National capitalism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic capitalism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw capitalism">Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulated_market" title="Regulated market">Regulated market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_capitalism" title="Regulatory capitalism">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine capitalism">Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="State-sponsored capitalism">State-sponsored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Economic theories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">MMT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_economics" title="Institutional economics">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Keynesian_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Keynesian economics">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Keynesian_economics" title="New Keynesian economics">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">Post-</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_monetarism" title="Market monetarism">Market monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxian_economics" title="Marxian economics">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_institutional_economics" title="New institutional economics">New institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism_and_Islam" title="Capitalism and Islam">Capitalism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_accumulation_of_capital" title="Primitive accumulation of capital">Primitive accumulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_commodity_production" title="Simple commodity production">Simple commodity production</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_capitalism" title="Advanced capitalism">Advanced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">Consumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_capitalism" title="Community capitalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_capitalism" title="Corporate capitalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crony_capitalism" title="Crony capitalism">Crony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_capitalism" title="Finance capitalism">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Global capitalism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Illiberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_capitalism" title="Late capitalism">Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">Marxist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_capitalism" title="Merchant capitalism">Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_capitalism" title="Progressive capitalism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentier_capitalism" title="Rentier capitalism">Rentier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">State monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocapitalism" title="Technocapitalism">Technological</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Malthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Walras" title="Léon Walras">Walras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter" title="Joseph Schumpeter">Schumpeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Coase</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_propaganda" title="Capitalist propaganda">Capitalist propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_state" title="Capitalist state">Capitalist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_theory" title="Crisis theory">Crisis theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">Cronyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_capitalism" title="Culture of capitalism">Culture of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreening" title="Evergreening">Evergreening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_labour" title="Exploitation of labour">Exploitation of labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalism" title="History of capitalism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_capitalist_theory" title="History of capitalist theory">History of theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">Market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodizations_of_capitalism" title="Periodizations of capitalism">Periodizations of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspectives on capitalism">Perspectives on capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_philanthropy" title="Venture philanthropy">Venture philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_capitalism" title="Authoritarian capitalism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" title="Inclusive capitalism">Inclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal capitalism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Murray Newton Rothbard (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈrɒθbɑːrd/</a>; March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_history" title="Economic history">economic historian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">political theorist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activist</a>. Rothbard was a central figure in the 20th-century <a href="/wiki/American_libertarian_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="American libertarian movement">American libertarian movement</a>, particularly its <a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">right-wing</a> strands, and was a founder and leading theoretician of <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">anarcho-capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamowy-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> He wrote over twenty books on political theory, history, economics, and other subjects.<a href="#cite_note-Hamowy-9">[9]</a> Rothbard argued that all services provided by the "monopoly system of the corporate state"<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> could be provided more efficiently by the private sector and wrote that the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> is "the organization of robbery systematized and writ large".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hans-Hermann_Hoppe-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> He called <a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">fractional-reserve banking</a> a form of fraud and opposed <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central banking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mystery-19">[19]</a> He categorically opposed all <a href="/wiki/Military_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Military interventionism">military</a>, political, and <a href="/wiki/Economic_interventionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic interventionism">economic interventionism</a> in the affairs of other nations.<a href="#cite_note-Casey-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Rothbard led a "fringe existence" in academia, as described by his protégé <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[22]</a> Rothbard rejected mainstream economic methodologies and instead embraced the <a href="/wiki/Praxeology" title="Praxeology">praxeology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>. Rothbard taught economics at a Wall Street division of <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, later at <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Polytechnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Polytechnic">Brooklyn Polytechnic</a>, and after 1986 in an endowed position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-23">[23]</a> Partnering with the oil billionaire <a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a>, Rothbard was a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Hamowy-9">[9]</a> He broke with Koch and joined <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burton_Blumert" title="Burton Blumert">Burton Blumert</a> in 1982 to establish the <a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>. Rothbard opposed <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, and blamed women's voting and activism for the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> He promoted <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">historical revisionism</a> and befriended the Holocaust denier <a href="/wiki/Harry_Elmer_Barnes" title="Harry Elmer Barnes">Harry Elmer Barnes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:16-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-28">[28]</a> Later in his career, Rothbard advocated a libertarian alliance with <a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">paleoconservatism</a> (which he called <a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">paleolibertarianism</a>), favoring <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populism</a> and describing <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a> as models for political strategy.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_Newsletters-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> In the 2010s, he received renewed attention as an influence on the <a href="/wiki/Alt_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt right">alt-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> Rothbard's parents were David and Rae Rothbard, <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> immigrants to the United States from Poland and Russia, respectively. David was a chemist.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He attended <a href="/wiki/Birch_Wathen_Lenox_School" title="Birch Wathen Lenox School">Birch Wathen Lenox School</a>, a private school in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-Raimondo2000-34-36">[36]</a> Rothbard later said he much preferred Birch Wathen to the "debasing and egalitarian <a href="/wiki/Public_school_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school system">public school system</a>" he had attended in the <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OldRight-37">[37]</a> Rothbard wrote of having grown up as a "<a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-winger</a>" (adherent of the "<a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a>") among friends and neighbors who were "<a href="/wiki/Communists" class="mw-redirect" title="Communists">communists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow traveler">fellow-travelers</a>". He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Young_Republican_Club" title="New York Young Republican Club">New York Young Republican Club</a> in his youth.<a href="#cite_note-auto-38">[38]</a> Rothbard described his father as an <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualist</a> who embraced <a href="/wiki/Minimal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimal government">minimal government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free enterprise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a> and "a determination to rise by one's own merits ... [A]ll <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> seemed to me monstrously coercive and abhorrent."<a href="#cite_note-OldRight-37">[37]</a> In 1952, his father was trapped during a labor strike at the Tide Water Oil Refinery in New Jersey, which he managed, confirming their dislike of <a href="/wiki/Organized_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized labor">organized labor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murray_Rothbard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Murray_Rothbard.jpg/170px-Murray_Rothbard.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Murray_Rothbard.jpg/255px-Murray_Rothbard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Murray_Rothbard.jpg/340px-Murray_Rothbard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2373" data-file-height="2991" /></a><figcaption>Rothbard in the mid-1950s</figcaption></figure> Rothbard attended <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics in 1945 and a PhD in economics in 1956. His first political activism came in 1948, on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">segregationist</a> South Carolinian <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>'s presidential campaign. In the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 presidential election</a>, Rothbard, "as a Jewish student at Columbia, horrified his peers by organizing a Students for <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> chapter, so staunchly did he believe in <a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">states' rights</a>", according to <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The delay in receiving his PhD was due in part to conflict with his advisor, Joseph Dorfman, and in part to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Burns" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Burns">Arthur Burns</a>'s rejecting his dissertation. Burns was a longtime friend of the Rothbards and their neighbor at their <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> apartment building. It was only after Burns went on leave from the Columbia faculty to head <a href="/wiki/President_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="President Eisenhower">President Eisenhower</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a> that Rothbard's thesis was accepted and he received his doctorate.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 43–44 <a href="#cite_note-French-41">[41]</a> Rothbard later said that all his fellow students were extreme <a href="/wiki/Leftists" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftists">leftists</a> and that he was one of only two Republicans at Columbia at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 4  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage,_Volker_Fund,_and_academia">Marriage, Volker Fund, and academia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage, Volker Fund, and academia">edit</a>]</div> During the 1940s, Rothbard vetted articles for <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Leonard Read</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a> think tank, became acquainted with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Frank Chodorov</a>, and read widely in libertarian-oriented works by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Albert Jay Nock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garet_Garrett" title="Garet Garrett">Garet Garrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Isabel Paterson</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a>, and Austrian School economist <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 46 <a href="#cite_note-:13-39">[39]</a> In the 1950s, when Mises was teaching in the Wall Street division of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Stern_School_of_Business" title="New York University Stern School of Business">New York University Stern School of Business</a>, Rothbard attended his unofficial seminar.<a href="#cite_note-:12-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> Rothbard was greatly influenced by Mises's book <a href="/wiki/Human_Action" title="Human Action">Human Action</a>. Rothbard wanted to promote libertarian activism; by the mid-1950s he helped form the Circle Bastiat, a libertarian and anarchist social group in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-:12-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-39">[39]</a> He also joined the <a href="/wiki/Mont_Pelerin_Society" title="Mont Pelerin Society">Mont Pelerin Society</a> in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> Rothbard attracted the attention of the <a href="/wiki/William_Volker_Fund" title="William Volker Fund">William Volker Fund</a>, a group that provided financial backing to promote right-wing ideologies in the 1950s and early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The Volker Fund paid Rothbard to write a textbook to explain Human Action in a form that could be used to introduce college undergraduates to Mises's views; a sample chapter he wrote on money and credit won Mises's approval. For ten years, the Volker Fund paid him a retainer as a "senior analyst".<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 54  As Rothbard continued his work, he enlarged the project. The result was his book <a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a>, published in 1962. Upon its publication, Mises praised Rothbard's work effusively.<a href="#cite_note-Essential-43">[43]</a>: 14  In contrast to Mises, who considered security the primary justification for the state, Rothbard in the 1950s began to argue for a privatized market for the military, police and judiciary.<a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a> Rothbard's 1963 book <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Depression" title="America's Great Depression">America's Great Depression</a> blamed government policy failures for the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, and challenged the widely-held view that <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> is unstable.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 1953, Rothbard married JoAnn Beatrice Schumacher (1928–1999),<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> whom he called Joey, in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-Essential-43">[43]</a>: 124  She was a historian, Rothbard's personal editor and a close adviser as well as hostess of his Rothbard Salon. They enjoyed a loving marriage and Rothbard often called her "the indispensable framework" of his life and achievements. According to her, the Volker Fund's patronage allowed Rothbard to work from home as a freelance theorist and pundit for the first 15 years of their marriage.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The Volker Fund collapsed in 1962, leading Rothbard to seek employment from various New York academic institutions. He was offered a part-time position teaching economics to engineering students at <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute">Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute</a> in 1966 at age 40. The institution had no economics department or economics majors and Rothbard derided its social science department as "<a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a>". <a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Justin Raimondo</a>, his biographer,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016162-47">[47]</a> writes that Rothbard liked teaching at Brooklyn Polytechnic because working only two days a week gave him freedom to contribute to developments in libertarian politics.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a> Rothbard continued in this role until 1986.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Klein-49">[49]</a> Then 60 years old, Rothbard left Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute for the <a href="/wiki/Lee_Business_School" title="Lee Business School">Lee Business School</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a> (UNLV), where he held the title of S.J. Hall Distinguished Professor of Economics, a chair endowed by a libertarian businessman.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-23">[23]</a> According to Rothbard's friend, colleague and fellow Misesian economist <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a>, Rothbard led a "fringe existence" in academia, but he was able to attract a large number of "students and disciples" through his writings, thereby becoming "the creator and one of the principal agents of the contemporary libertarian movement".<a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[22]</a> Libertarian economist Jeffrey Herbener, who called Rothbard his friend and "intellectual mentor", said in a memoriam that Rothbard received "only ostracism" from mainstream academia.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Rothbard kept his position at UNLV from 1986 until his death.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Right">Old Right</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Old Right">edit</a>]</div> Throughout his life, Rothbard engaged in a number of different political movements to promote <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a> and libertarian political principles. George Hawley writes that "unfortunately for Rothbard, the Old Right was ending as an intellectual and political force just as he was maturing as an intellectual", with the militantly <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anticommunist</a> conservative movement exemplified by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">William F. Buckley Jr.</a> supplanting the Old Right's isolationism.<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> Rothbard was an admirer of Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>—not for McCarthy's <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> views but for his <a href="/wiki/Demagogue" title="Demagogue">demagoguery</a>, which Rothbard credited for disrupting the establishment consensus of what Rothbard called "corporate liberalism".<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> Rothbard contributed many articles to Buckley's <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>, but his relations with Buckley and the magazine soured as he criticized the conservative movement for militarism.<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> Specifically, Rothbard opposed how such militarism could justify and expand the power of the state.<a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a> Rothbard befriended the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denier</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Elmer_Barnes" title="Harry Elmer Barnes">Harry Elmer Barnes</a> in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> In a 1966 issue of <a href="/wiki/Robert_LeFevre" title="Robert LeFevre">Robert LeFevre</a>'s Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought devoted to <a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">historical revisionism</a>, Rothbard argued that western democracies had been to blame for starting World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> Rothbard published works by Barnes in his journals before and after Barnes' death in 1968, including posthumously in the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>'s journal.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Ayn_Rand">Conflict with Ayn Rand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conflict with Ayn Rand">edit</a>]</div> In 1954, Rothbard, along with several other attendees of Mises's seminar, joined the circle of novelist <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a>. He soon parted from her, writing among other things that her ideas were not as original as she proclaimed, but similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 109–14  In 1958, after the publication of Rand's novel <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a>, Rothbard wrote her a "fan letter", calling the book "an infinite treasure house" and "not merely the greatest novel ever written, [but] one of the very greatest books ever written, fiction or nonfiction". He also wrote: "[Y]ou introduced me to the whole field of natural rights and natural law philosophy", prompting him to learn "the glorious natural rights tradition".<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 121, 132–34 <a href="#cite_note-Burns-52">[52]</a>: 145, 182 <a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Rothbard rejoined Rand's circle for a few months, but soon broke with Rand again over various differences, including his defense of his interpretation of anarchism. Rothbard later satirized Rand's acolytes in his unpublished one-act farce Mozart Was a Red<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and his essay "The Sociology of the Ayn Rand Cult".<a href="#cite_note-Burns-52">[52]</a>: 184 <a href="#cite_note-Mozart-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> He characterized Rand's circle as a "dogmatic, personality cult". His play parodies Rand (through the character Carson Sand) and her friends and is set during a visit from Keith Hackley, a fan of Sand's novel The Brow of Zeus (a play on Atlas Shrugged).<a href="#cite_note-Mozart-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Left_outreach">New Left outreach</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New Left outreach">edit</a>]</div> By the late 1960s, according to The American Conservative, Rothbard's "long and winding yet somehow consistent road had taken him from anti-<a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> and anti-interventionist <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a> supporter into friendship with the quasi-pacifist <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> Republican Congressman <a href="/wiki/Howard_Buffett" title="Howard Buffett">Howard Buffett</a> (father of <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>) then over to the League of <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">(Adlai) Stevensonian</a> Democrats and, by 1968, into tentative comradeship with the anarchist factions of the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a>."<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Rothbard joined the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a> and contributed writing to the New Left journal <a href="/wiki/Ramparts_(magazine)" title="Ramparts (magazine)">Ramparts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> Rothbard later criticized the New Left for supporting a "<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic">People's Republic</a>" style <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">draft</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] It was during this phase that he associated with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Karl Hess</a> (a former <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> speechwriter who had rejected conservatism)<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> and founded <a href="/wiki/Left_and_Right:_A_Journal_of_Libertarian_Thought" title="Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought">Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought</a> with <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Liggio" title="Leonard Liggio">Leonard Liggio</a> and George Resch. Raimondo described Rothbard during this time as "a man of the Old Culture: he believed that it was possible to be a revolutionary, an anarchist, and lead a bourgeois life", and wrote that the "respectably dressed, if a bit rumpled" Rothbard was "immune to the blandishments of sixties youth culture".<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a> During this time, Rothbard proposed that black Americans should embrace <a href="/wiki/Black_separatism" title="Black separatism">racial separatism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> He was frustrated that blacks and whites in the New Left instead decided to work together for egalitarian goals.<a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> In the 1970s, Rothbard turned sharply against the left, and described equality as an evil concept.<a href="#cite_note-:8-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libertarianism_and_Cato_Institute">Libertarianism and Cato Institute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Libertarianism and Cato Institute">edit</a>]</div> From 1969 to 1984, Rothbard edited <a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Libertarian Forum</a>, also initially with Hess (although Hess's involvement ended in 1971).<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Despite its small readership, it engaged conservatives associated with the <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> in nationwide debate. Rothbard rejected the view that <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s 1980 election as president was a victory for libertarian principles and he attacked Reagan's economic program in a series of Libertarian Forum articles. In 1982, Rothbard called Reagan's claims of spending cuts a "fraud" and a "hoax" and accused Reaganites of doctoring the economic statistics to give the false impression that their policies were successfully reducing inflation and unemployment.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> He further criticized the "myths of <a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a>" in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-mises3-60">[60]</a> Rothbard criticized the "frenzied nihilism" of <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_libertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing libertarians">left-wing libertarians</a> but also criticized <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_libertarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing libertarians">right-wing libertarians</a> who were content to rely only on education to bring down the state; he believed that libertarians should adopt any moral tactic available to them to bring about liberty.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Imbibing Randolph Bourne's idea that "war is the health of the state", Rothbard opposed all wars in his lifetime and engaged in anti-war activism.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon-62">[62]</a> During the 1970s and 1980s, Rothbard was active in the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>. He was frequently involved in the party's internal politics. Rothbard founded the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a> in 1976 and the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Libertarian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Libertarian Studies">Journal of Libertarian Studies</a> in 1977. He was one of the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a> in 1977 (whose funding by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a> was a major infusion of money for libertarianism)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016129,_164-63">[63]</a> and "came up with the idea of naming this libertarian think tank after <a href="/wiki/Cato%27s_Letters" title="Cato's Letters">Cato's Letters</a>, a powerful series of British newspaper essays by John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon which played a decisive influence upon America's Founding Fathers in fomenting the Revolution".<a href="#cite_note-Burris-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> From 1978 to 1983, Rothbard was associated with the <a href="/wiki/LPRadicals" title="LPRadicals">Libertarian Party Radical Caucus</a>, allying himself with <a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Justin Raimondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Garris" title="Eric Garris">Eric Garris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williamson_Evers" title="Williamson Evers">Williamson Evers</a>. He opposed the "low-tax liberalism" espoused by 1980 Libertarian Party presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Ed Clark</a> and Cato Institute president <a href="/wiki/Ed_Crane_(Libertarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Crane (Libertarian)">Edward H Crane III</a>. According to Charles Burris, "Rothbard and Crane became bitter rivals after disputes emerging from the 1980 LP presidential campaign of Ed Clark carried over to strategic direction and management of Cato".<a href="#cite_note-Burris-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mises_Institute">Mises Institute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mises Institute">edit</a>]</div> In 1982, following his split with the Cato Institute, Rothbard co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Alabama" title="Auburn, Alabama">Auburn, Alabama</a>, (with <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burton_Blumert" title="Burton Blumert">Burton Blumert</a>)<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and was vice president of academic affairs until 1995.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48">[48]</a> Rothbard also founded the institute's <a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Austrian_Economics" title="The Review of Austrian Economics">Review of Austrian Economics</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Heterodox_economics" title="Heterodox economics">heterodox economics</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> journal later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Austrian_Economics" title="Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics">Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics</a>, in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon-62">[62]</a> Rothbard "worked closely with Lew Rockwell (joined later by his long-time friend Blumert) in nurturing the Mises Institute, and the publication, The Rothbard-Rockwell Report; which after Rothbard's 1995 death evolved into the website, LewRockwell.com", according to the website.<a href="#cite_note-Burris-64">[64]</a> Rothbard and other Mises Institute scholars criticized libertarian groups funded by the <a href="/wiki/Koch_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Brothers">Koch brothers</a>, referring to them as the "Kochtopus".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016128-68">[68]</a> In contrast to some other libertarian groups, the Mises Institute "pushed more politically marginal positions like the virtues of secession, the need for a return to the gold standard, and opposition to racial integration", according to historian <a href="/wiki/Quinn_Slobodian" title="Quinn Slobodian">Quinn Slobodian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> Rothbard split with the Radical Caucus at the 1983 national convention over cultural issues and aligned himself with what he called the "<a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a>" wing of the party, notably <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_presidential_campaign,_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Paul presidential campaign, 1988">ran for president on the Libertarian Party ticket in 1988</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murray%26Joey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Murray%26Joey.jpg/220px-Murray%26Joey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Murray%26Joey.jpg/330px-Murray%26Joey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Murray%26Joey.jpg/440px-Murray%26Joey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Rothbard with his wife Joey</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Paleolibertarianism">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewrockwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lewrockwell.jpg/150px-Lewrockwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Lewrockwell.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></figcaption></figure> In 1989, Rothbard left the Libertarian Party and began building bridges to the post-<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> anti-interventionist right, calling himself a <a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolibertarian">paleolibertarian</a>, a conservative reaction against the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">cultural liberalism</a> of mainstream libertarianism.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_Newsletters-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Paleolibertarianism sought to appeal to disaffected working class whites through a synthesis of cultural conservatism and libertarian economics. According to <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>, Rothbard advocated right-wing populism in part because he was frustrated that mainstream thinkers were not adopting the libertarian view and suggested that former Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, as well as Wisconsin Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-70">[70]</a> were models for an "Outreach to the Rednecks" effort that could be used by a broad libertarian/paleoconservative coalition. Working together, the coalition would expose the "unholy alliance of 'corporate liberal' Big Business and media elites, who, through big government, have privileged and caused to rise up a parasitic Underclass". Rothbard blamed this "Underclass" for "looting and oppressing the bulk of the middle and working classes in America".<a href="#cite_note-Paul_Newsletters-29">[29]</a> Regarding Duke's political program, Rothbard asserted that there was "nothing" in it that "could not also be embraced by paleoconservatives or paleolibertarians; lower taxes, dismantling the bureaucracy, slashing the welfare system, attacking <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> and racial set-asides, calling for equal rights for all Americans, including whites".<a href="#cite_note-lewrockwell-71">[71]</a> He also praised the "racialist science" in Charles Murray's controversial book <a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve" title="The Bell Curve">The Bell Curve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016166-72">[72]</a> Rothbard co-founded and became a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="John Randolph Club">John Randolph Club</a>, which was an alliance between the Mises Institute and the paleoconservative <a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016164-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-5">[5]</a> He supported the presidential campaign of <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> in 1992, writing that "with Pat Buchanan as our leader, we shall break the clock of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> When Buchanan dropped out of the Republican primary race, Rothbard then shifted his interest and support to <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> who Rothbard wrote had "brought an excitement, a verve, a sense of dynamics and of open possibilities to what had threatened to be a dreary race".<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Rothbard eventually withdrew his support from Perot, and endorsed <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Like Buchanan, Rothbard opposed the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA);<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> however, he had become disillusioned with Buchanan by 1995, believing that the latter's "commitment to protectionism was mutating into an all-round faith in economic planning and the nation state".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Joey Rothbard said in a memoriam that her husband had a happy and bright spirit, and that Rothbard, a <a href="/wiki/Night_owl_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Night owl (person)">night owl</a>, "managed to make a living for 40 years without having to get up before noon. This was important to him." She said Rothbard would begin every day with a phone conversation with his colleague Lew Rockwell: "Gales of laughter would shake the house or apartment, as they checked in with each other. Murray thought it was the best possible way to start a day".<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Rothbard was irreligious and agnostic about God,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> describing himself as a "mixture of an agnostic and a <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform Jew</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Raimondo2000-67-84">[84]</a> Despite identifying as an agnostic and an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>, he was critical of the "left-libertarian hostility to religion".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In Rothbard's later years, many of his friends anticipated that he would convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> but he never did.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Rothbard died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> on January 7, 1995, in <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s-Roosevelt_Hospital_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center">St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center</a> in Manhattan, at the age of 68.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> obituary called Rothbard "an economist and social philosopher who fiercely defended individual freedom against government intervention".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48">[48]</a> Lew Rockwell, president of the Mises Institute, told The New York Times that Rothbard was "the founder of right-wing anarchism".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-48">[48]</a> William F. Buckley Jr. wrote a critical obituary in the National Review, criticizing Rothbard's "defective judgment" and views on the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Casey-20">[20]</a>: 3–4  Hoppe, Rockwell, and Rothbard's other colleagues at the Mises Institute took a different view, arguing that he was one of the most important philosophers in history.<a href="#cite_note-Murray_N._Rothbard,_In_Memoriam-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian_economics">Austrian economics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Austrian economics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_School" title="Category:Austrian School">a series on</a> the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian school">Austrian school</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school" title="Austrian school"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png/100px-An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png/150px-An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png/200px-An_Austrian_School_crest_-_Grey.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="595" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principal works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_and_Interest" title="Capital and Interest">Capital and Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Action" title="Human Action">Human Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism_and_Economic_Order" title="Individualism and Economic Order">Individualism and Economic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Economics_(Menger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principles of Economics (Menger)">Principles of Economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_liberal_school" title="French liberal school">French liberal school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Brentano" title="School of Brentano">School of Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodenstreit" title="Methodenstreit">Methodenstreit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theories and ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_business_cycle_theory" title="Austrian business cycle theory">Austrian business cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catallactics" title="Catallactics">Catallactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_destruction" title="Creative destruction">Creative destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school#Inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian school">View of inflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinvestment" title="Malinvestment">Malinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodological_individualism" title="Methodological individualism">Methodological individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxeology#Austrian_economics" title="Praxeology">Praxeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundaboutness" title="Roundaboutness">Roundaboutness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">Subjective theory of value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_preference#Austrian_economics" title="Time preference">Theory of interest</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations, universities, and think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Independent_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Independent Institute">The Independent Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercatus_Center" title="Mercatus Center">Mercatus Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_and_Freedom_Society" title="Property and Freedom Society">Property and Freedom Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian-school_economists" title="List of Austrian-school economists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boettke" title="Peter Boettke">Boettke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Fetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Garrison" title="Roger Garrison">Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Haberler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Heydel" title="Adam Heydel">Heydel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Higgs" title="Robert Higgs">Higgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Horwitz" title="Steven Horwitz">Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Guido_H%C3%BClsmann" title="Jörg Guido Hülsmann">Hülsmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Huerta_de_Soto" title="Jesús Huerta de Soto">Huerta de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Kirzner" title="Israel Kirzner">Kirzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Lachmann" title="Ludwig Lachmann">Lachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Lavoie" title="Don Lavoie">Lavoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Leeson" title="Peter Leeson">Leeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Machlup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Morgenstern" title="Oskar Morgenstern">Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" title="Robert P. Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Peterson" title="William H. Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Skousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ritter_von_Strigl" title="Richard Ritter von Strigl">Strigl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wieser" title="Friedrich von Wieser">Wieser</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants and related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspectives on capitalism">Perspectives on capitalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:bold;"> <a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/16px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/24px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/32px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business_and_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Business and economics">Business and economics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_School_sidebar" title="Template:Austrian School sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_School_sidebar" title="Template talk:Austrian School sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_School_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian School sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Rothbard was an advocate and practitioner of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a> tradition of his teacher <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>. Like Mises, Rothbard rejected the application of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a> to economics and dismissed <a href="/wiki/Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a>, empirical and statistical analysis and other tools of mainstream social science as outside the field (economic history might use those tools, but not Economics proper).<a href="#cite_note-mises.org-88">[88]</a> He instead embraced <a href="/wiki/Praxeology" title="Praxeology">praxeology</a>, the strictly <a href="/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori" title="A priori and a posteriori">a priori</a> methodology of Mises. Praxeology conceives of economic laws as akin to geometric or mathematical <a href="/wiki/Axiom" title="Axiom">axioms</a>: fixed, unchanging, objective and discernible through logical reasoning.<a href="#cite_note-mises.org-88">[88]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] According to Misesian economist <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a>, eschewing the scientific method and <a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">empiricism</a> distinguishes the Misesian approach "from all other current economic schools", which dismiss the Misesian approach as "dogmatic and unscientific." <a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Mark Skousen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a>, a critic of mainstream economics,<a href="#cite_note-mises-89">[89]</a> praises Rothbard as brilliant, his writing style persuasive, his economic arguments nuanced and logically rigorous and his Misesian methodology sound.<a href="#cite_note-:3-90">[90]</a> But Skousen concedes that Rothbard was effectively "outside the discipline" of mainstream economics and that his work "fell on deaf ears" outside his ideological circles. Rothbard wrote extensively on <a href="/wiki/Austrian_business_cycle_theory" title="Austrian business cycle theory">Austrian business cycle theory</a> and as part of this approach strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Central_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Central banking">central banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">fiat money</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking" title="Fractional-reserve banking">fractional-reserve banking</a>, advocating a <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> and a 100% reserve requirement for banks.<a href="#cite_note-Mystery-19">[19]</a>: 89–94, 96–97 <a href="#cite_note-Gordon-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-golddollar-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polemics_against_mainstream_economics">Polemics against mainstream economics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Polemics against mainstream economics">edit</a>]</div> Rothbard wrote a series of <a href="/wiki/Polemic" title="Polemic">polemics</a> in which he deprecated a number of leading modern economists. He vilified <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, calling him a "shameless plagiarist"<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> who set economics off track, ultimately leading to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Rothbard praised Smith's contemporaries, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cantillon" title="Richard Cantillon">Richard Cantillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Anne Robert Jacques Turgot</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a>, for developing the <a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">subjective theory of value</a>. In response to Rothbard's charge that Smith's <a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a> was largely plagiarized, <a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a> castigated Rothbard's scholarship and character, saying that he "was [either] deliberately dishonest or never really read the book he was criticizing".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Tony Endres called Rothbard's treatment of Smith a "travesty".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Rothbard was equally scathing in his criticism of <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> calling him weak on economic theory and a shallow political opportunist. Rothbard also wrote more generally that Keynesian-style governmental regulation of money and credit created a "dismal monetary and banking situation". He called <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> a "wooly man of mush" and speculated that Mill's "soft" personality led his economic thought astray.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Rothbard was critical of monetarist economist <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>. In his polemic "Milton Friedman Unraveled", he called Friedman a "statist", a "favorite of the establishment", a friend of and "apologist" for <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and a "pernicious influence" on public policy.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Rothbard said that libertarians should scorn rather than celebrate Friedman's academic prestige and political influence. Noting that Rothbard has "been nasty to me and my work", Friedman responded to Rothbard's criticism by calling him a "cult builder and a dogmatist".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In a memorial volume published by the Mises Institute, Rothbard's protégé and libertarian theorist <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a> wrote that <a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a> "presented a blistering refutation of all variants of mathematical economics" and included it among Rothbard's "almost mind-boggling achievements". Hoppe lamented that, like Mises, Rothbard died without winning the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> and, while acknowledging that Rothbard and his work were largely ignored by academia, called him an "intellectual giant" comparable to <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Murray_Memoriam-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Disputes_with_other_Austrian_economists">Disputes with other Austrian economists</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Disputes with other Austrian economists">edit</a>]</div> Georgetown Professor <a href="/wiki/Randy_Barnett" title="Randy Barnett">Randy Barnett</a> says, regarding Rothbard's "insistence on complete ideological purity", that "[a]lmost every intellectual who entered his orbit was eventually spun off, or self emancipated, for some deviation or another. For this reason, the circle around Rothbard was always small."<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Although he self-identified as an Austrian economist, Rothbard's methodology was at odds with that of many other Austrians. In 1956, Rothbard deprecated the views of Austrian economist <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a>, stating that Machlup was no praxeologist and calling him instead a "positivist" who failed to represent the views of Ludwig von Mises. Rothbard stated that in fact Machlup shared the opposing positivist view associated with economist <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Mises and Machlup had been colleagues in 1920s Vienna before each relocated to the United States, and Mises later urged his American protege <a href="/wiki/Israel_Kirzner" title="Israel Kirzner">Israel Kirzner</a> to pursue his PhD studies with Machlup at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] According to libertarian economists <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Tyler Cowen</a> and Richard Fink,<a href="#cite_note-ERE-106">[106]</a> Rothbard wrote that the term evenly rotating economy (ERE) can be used to analyze complexity in a world of change. The words ERE had been introduced by Mises as an alternative nomenclature for the mainstream economic method of <a href="/wiki/Static_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Static equilibrium">static equilibrium</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium" class="mw-redirect" title="General equilibrium">general equilibrium</a> analysis. Cowen and Fink found "serious inconsistencies in both the nature of the ERE and its suggested uses". With the sole exception of Rothbard, no other economist adopted Mises' term, and the concept continued to be called "equilibrium analysis".<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> In a 2011 article critical of Rothbard's "reflexive opposition" to inflation, <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> noted that his views were increasingly gaining influence among politicians and laypeople on the right. The article contrasted Rothbard's categorical rejection of inflationary policies with the monetary views of "sophisticated Austrian-school monetary economists such as <a href="/wiki/George_Selgin" title="George Selgin">George Selgin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._White" title="Lawrence H. White">Lawrence H. White</a>", [who] follow <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a> in treating stability of nominal spending as a monetary ideal—a position "not all that different from <a href="/wiki/Scott_Sumner" title="Scott Sumner">Mr [Scott] Sumner</a>'s".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> According to economist Peter Boettke, Rothbard is better described as a <a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">property rights</a> economist than as an Austrian economist. In 1988, Boettke noted that Rothbard "vehemently attacked all of the books of the younger Austrians".<a href="#cite_note-Boettke_Nomos-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethics">Ethics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ethics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg/170px-Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg/255px-Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg/340px-Ludwig_von_Mises.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2181" data-file-height="2979" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a></figcaption></figure> Although Rothbard adopted Ludwig von Mises' <a href="/wiki/Deductive" class="mw-redirect" title="Deductive">deductive</a> methodology for his social theory and economics,<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> he parted with Mises on the question of ethics. Specifically, he rejected Mises' conviction that ethical values remain subjective and opposed <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">utilitarianism</a> in favor of principle-based, <a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a> reasoning. In defense of his free market views, Mises employed utilitarian economic arguments aimed at demonstrating that interventionist policies made all of society worse off. Rothbard countered that interventionist policies do in fact benefit some people, including certain government employees and beneficiaries of social programs. Therefore, unlike Mises, Rothbard argued for an objective, natural-law basis for the free market.<a href="#cite_note-Essential-43">[43]</a>: 87–89  He called this principle "<a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">self-ownership</a>", loosely basing the idea on the writings of <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> and also borrowing concepts from <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and the anti-imperialism of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 134  Rothbard accepted the <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">labor theory of property</a>, but rejected the <a href="/wiki/Lockean_proviso" title="Lockean proviso">Lockean proviso</a>, arguing that if an individual mixes his labor with unowned land, then he becomes the proper owner eternally and that after that time it is private property which may change hands only by trade or gift.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Rothbard was a strong critic of <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>. The title essay of Rothbard's 1974 book <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism_as_a_Revolt_Against_Nature_and_Other_Essays" title="Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays">Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays</a> held: "Equality is not in the natural order of things, and the crusade to make everyone equal in every respect (except before the law) is certain to have disastrous consequences."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In it, Rothbard wrote: "At the heart of the egalitarian left is the pathological belief that there is no structure of reality; that all the world is a tabula rasa that can be changed at any moment in any desired direction by the mere exercise of human will."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> critiqued Rothbard's ideal society as "a world so full of hate that no human being would want to live in it ... First of all, it couldn't function for a second—and if it could, all you'd want to do is get out, or commit suicide or something."<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Anarcho-capitalism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom: 0; font-size: 200%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.4em 0 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism#Anarcho-capitalism_and_other_anarchist_schools" title="Anarcho-capitalism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/100px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/150px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/200px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Origins</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics" title="Austrian school of economics">Austrian school of economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">Subjective theory of value</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Liberal_School" class="mw-redirect" title="French Liberal School">French Liberal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">Deregulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_roads" title="Free-market roads">Free-market roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdictional_arbitrage" title="Jurisdictional arbitrage">Jurisdictional arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_army" title="Private army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_military_contractors" title="List of private military contractors">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Private_intelligence_agency" title="Private intelligence agency">Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Investigator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_security_companies" title="List of private security companies">Security</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Jasay" title="Anthony de Jasay">Anthony de Jasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Stephan Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malice" title="Michael Malice">Michael Malice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" title="Robert P. Murphy">Robert P. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></li> <li>Murray Rothbard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Joseph Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tucker" title="Jeffrey Tucker">Jeffrey Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Tom Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voluntary_City" title="The Voluntary City">The Voluntary City</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a> (2012)</li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of anarcho-capitalism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States#Debate" title="Estate tax in the United States">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-libertarianism">Paleo-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Capitalismlogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/16px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/24px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Capitalismlogo.svg/32px-Capitalismlogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Capitalism" title="Portal:Capitalism">Capitalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Template:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Anarchism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#000000; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">Anarchism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Anarchism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/American_Anarchism_Flags_Symbol.svg/150px-American_Anarchism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/American_Anarchism_Flags_Symbol.svg/225px-American_Anarchism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, 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William McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1903" title="Immigration Act of 1903">Immigration Act of 1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_Center_and_Colony" title="Ferrer Center and Colony">Ferrer Center and Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1918" title="Immigration Act of 1918">Immigration Act of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Raids" title="Palmer Raids">Palmer Raids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Book_Club_and_League" title="Libertarian Book Club and League">Libertarian Book Club and League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">Battle of Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilombo" title="Qilombo">Qilombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Abbott" title="Leonard Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Appleton_(anarchist)" title="Henry Appleton (anarchist)">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Austin" title="Kate Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwasi_Balagoon" title="Kuwasi Balagoon">Balagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Bari" title="Judi Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Biehl" title="Janet Biehl">Biehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-immolation_of_Aaron_Bushnell" title="Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell">Bushnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" title="Kevin Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cornell" title="Tom Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz" title="Leon Czolgosz">Czologsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarissa_Dixon" title="Clarissa Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Dolgoff" title="Sam Dolgoff">Dolgoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Duffy_Turner" title="Ethel Duffy Turner">Duffy Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fielden" title="Samuel Fielden">Fielden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Fischer" title="Adolph Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hahnel" title="Robin Hahnel">Hahnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Haldeman-Julius" title="E. Haldeman-Julius">Haldeman-Julius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Harman" title="Moses Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Heywood" title="Angela Heywood">Heywood (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Heywood" title="Ezra Heywood">Heywood (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Holmes" title="Lizzie Holmes">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_K._Ingalls" title="Joshua K. Ingalls">Ingalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Labadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lingg" title="Louis Lingg">Lingg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Lloyd" title="J. William Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Lum" title="Dyer Lum">Lum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Milstein" title="Cindy Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredy_Perlman" title="Fredy Perlman">Perlman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_Sale" title="Kirkpatrick Sale">Sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Schwab" title="Justus Schwab">Schwab (Justus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwab" title="Michael Schwab">Schwab (Michael)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas">Solanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Spies" title="August Spies">Spies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Waisbrooker" title="Lois Waisbrooker">Waisbrooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Walker" title="James L. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lamborn_Wilson" title="Peter Lamborn Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Winn" title="Ross Winn">Winn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Paul_Wolff" title="Robert Paul Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_No_Rio" title="ABC No Rio">ABC No Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-Syndicalist_Review" title="Anarcho-Syndicalist Review">Anarcho-Syndicalist Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action" title="Anti-Racist Action">Anti-Racist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beehive_Design_Collective" title="Beehive Design Collective">Beehive Design Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Ground_Collective" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Ground Collective">Common Ground Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrimethInc." title="CrimethInc.">CrimethInc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curious_George_Brigade" title="Curious George Brigade">Curious George Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Liberation_Front" title="Earth Liberation Front">Earth Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Anarchist_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Anarchist Studies">Institute for Anarchist Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Social_Ecology" title="Institute for Social Ecology">Institute for Social Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Anarchist_Coordinating_Council" title="Metropolitan Anarchist Coordinating Council">Metropolitan Anarchist Coordinating Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOVE_(Philadelphia_organization)" title="MOVE (Philadelphia organization)">MOVE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Anarchist_Road_Care" title="Portland Anarchist Road Care">Portland Anarchist Road Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profane_Existence" title="Profane Existence">Profane Existence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Emma%27s" title="Red Emma's">Red Emma's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruckus_Society" title="Ruckus Society">Ruckus Society</a></li></ul> <hr /> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Time_Store" title="Cincinnati Time Store">Cincinnati Time Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Just_Vote,_Get_Active" title="Don't Just Vote, Get Active">Don't Just Vote, Get Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_Center_and_Colony" title="Ferrer Center and Colony">Ferrer Center and Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_Brigade" title="George Jackson Brigade">George Jackson Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Applied_Autonomy" title="Institute for Applied Autonomy">Institute for Applied Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Working_People%27s_Association" title="International Working People's Association">International Working People's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Book_Club_and_League" title="Libertarian Book Club and League">Libertarian Book Club and League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Non-Resistance_Society" title="New England Non-Resistance Society">New England Non-Resistance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Social_Revolutionary_Club" title="New York Social Revolutionary Club">New York Social Revolutionary Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilombo" title="Qilombo">Qilombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Camp" title="Spanish Camp">Spanish Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenacious_Unicorn_Ranch" title="Tenacious Unicorn Ranch">Tenacious Unicorn Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Russian_Workers" title="Union of Russian Workers">Union of Russian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_Against_the_Wall_Motherfucker" title="Up Against the Wall Motherfucker">Up Against the Wall Motherfucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Group_(anarchist)" title="Vanguard Group (anarchist)">Vanguard Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why%3F_Group" title="Why? Group">Why? Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International Party</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Publications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AK_Press" title="AK Press">AK Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomedia" title="Autonomedia">Autonomedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blast_(magazine)" title="The Blast (magazine)">The Blast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker" title="Catholic Worker">Catholic Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronaca_Sovversiva" title="Cronaca Sovversiva">Cronaca Sovversiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate_(periodical)" title="Fifth Estate (periodical)">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Society" title="Free Society">Free Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiheit_(1879)" title="Freiheit (1879)">Freiheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golos_Truda" title="Golos Truda">Golos Truda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(1881%E2%80%931908_periodical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (1881–1908 periodical)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loompanics" title="Loompanics">Loompanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_(magazine)" title="Mother Earth (magazine)">Mother Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PM_Press" title="PM Press">PM Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regeneraci%C3%B3n" title="Regeneración">Regeneración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(journal)" title="Vanguard (journal)">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_(US_magazine)" title="The Word (US magazine)">The Word</a></li></ul> <hr /> Works <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Resistance to Civil Government</a> (1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Manifesto" title="Pittsburgh Manifesto">To the Workingmen of America</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_Other_Essays" title="Anarchism and Other Essays">Anarchism and Other Essays</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_and_After" title="Now and After">Now and After</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Defense_of_Anarchism" title="In Defense of Anarchism">In Defense of Anarchism</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Scarcity_Anarchism" title="Post-Scarcity Anarchism">Post-Scarcity Anarchism</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Work" title="The Abolition of Work">The Abolition of Work</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Society_and_Its_Future" title="Industrial Society and Its Future">Industrial Society and Its Future</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Bakunin_to_Lacan" title="From Bakunin to Lacan">From Bakunin to Lacan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Understanding_Power" title="Understanding Power">Understanding Power</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragments_of_an_Anarchist_Anthropology" title="Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology">Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action:_An_Ethnography" title="Direct Action: An Ethnography">Direct Action: An Ethnography</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">in Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Anarcho-pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_idea" title="Chicago idea">Chicago idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleanisti" title="Galleanisti">Galleanisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline of anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/16px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/24px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/32px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarchism_US" title="Template:Anarchism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarchism_US" title="Template talk:Anarchism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarchism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> According to <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">anarcho-capitalists</a>, various theorists have espoused legal philosophies similar to <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">anarcho-capitalism</a>; however, Rothbard was credited with coining the terms "anarcho-capitalist" and "anarch-capitalism" in 1971 (though "anarchocapitalism [sic]" had been attested earliest in <a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Karl Hess</a>'s 1969 essay The Death of Politics<a href="#cite_note-HessDoP-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2015-116">[116]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>]).<a href="#cite_note-Leeson-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Flood2010-118">[118]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>] He synthesized elements from the Austrian School of economics, <a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical liberalism</a> and 19th-century American <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Individualist anarchist">individualist anarchists</a> into a right-wing form of anarchism.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a> According to his protégé <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a>, "[t]here would be no <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">anarcho-capitalist</a> movement to speak of without Rothbard".<a href="#cite_note-H-H_Hoppe-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a> in a memoriam called Rothbard the "conscience" of all the various strains of what he described as "libertarian anarchism", and said their advocates had often been personally inspired by his example.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> During his years at graduate school in the late 1940s, Rothbard considered whether a strict adherence to libertarian and <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> principles required the abolition of the state altogether. He visited <a href="/wiki/Baldy_Harper" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldy Harper">Baldy Harper</a>, a founder of the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_of_Libertarianism_by_Hamowy-123">[123]</a> who doubted the need for any government whatsoever. Rothbard said that during this period, he was influenced by 19th-century <a href="/wiki/American_individualist_anarchists" class="mw-redirect" title="American individualist anarchists">American individualist anarchists</a> like <a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a> and the Belgian economist <a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Gustave de Molinari</a> who wrote about how such a system could work.<a href="#cite_note-Essential-43">[43]</a>: 12–13  Thus, he "combined the laissez-faire economics of Mises with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state" from individualist anarchists.<a href="#cite_note-Miller-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Stringham" title="Edward Stringham">Edward Stringham</a> opined that: "In the late 1940s, Murray Rothbard decided that that [sic] private-property anarchism was the logical conclusion of free-market thinking [...]."<a href="#cite_note-Stringham2007-125">[125]</a> Rothbard began to consider himself a "private property anarchist"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and published works about private property anarchism in 1954;<a href="#cite_note-Stringham2007-125">[125]</a> later, in 1971, he began to use "<a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">anarcho-capitalist</a>" to describe his political ideology.<a href="#cite_note-Flood2010-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Crocetta-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Exclusive_Interview-127">[127]</a> In his anarcho-capitalist model, the system of private property is upheld by private firms, such as hypothesized protection agencies, which compete in a free market and are voluntarily supported by consumers who choose to use their protective and judicial services. Anarcho-capitalists describe this as "the end of the state <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly on force">monopoly on force</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Crocetta-126">[126]</a> In this way Rothbard differed from Mises, who favored a state to uphold markets.<a href="#cite_note-:11-10">[10]</a> In an unpublished article, Rothbard wrote that economically speaking <a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist anarchism</a> is different from anarcho-capitalism, and jokingly pondered whether libertarians should adopt the term nonarchist. Rothbard concluded the article by affirming that he is neither an anarchist or an "archist" but rather a middle of the roader on the archy question.<a href="#cite_note-Are_Libertarians_'Anarchists'-128">[128]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] In Man, Economy, and State, Rothbard divides the various kinds of state intervention in three categories: "autistic intervention" (interference with private non-economic activities); "binary intervention", (exchange between individuals and the state); and "triangular intervention" (state-mandated exchange between individuals). Sanford Ikeda wrote that Rothbard's typology "eliminates the gaps and inconsistencies that appear in Mises's original formulation".<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Rothbard writes in <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a> that the role of the economist in a free market is limited, but it is much larger in a government that solicits economic policy recommendations. Rothbard argues that self-interest therefore prejudices the views of many economists in favor of increased government intervention.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race,_gender,_and_civil_rights">Race, gender, and civil rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Race, gender, and civil rights">edit</a>]</div> Michael O'Malley, associate professor of history at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>, describes Rothbard's tone toward the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a> movement as "contemptuous and hostile".<a href="#cite_note-:5-25">[25]</a> Rothbard criticized women's rights activists, attributing the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> to politically active <a href="/wiki/Spinster" title="Spinster">spinsters</a> "whose busybody inclinations were not fettered by the responsibilities of home and hearth".<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Rothbard argued that the <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive movement</a>, which he regarded as a noxious influence on the United States, was spearheaded by a coalition of Yankee Protestants (people from the six <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> states and <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">upstate New York</a> who were <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> of <a href="/wiki/English-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="English-Americans">English descent</a>), Jewish women and "lesbian spinsters".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Rothbard called for the elimination of "the entire 'civil rights' structure", which he said "tramples on the property rights of every American". He consistently favored repeal of the <a href="/wiki/1964_Civil_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="1964 Civil Rights Act">1964 Civil Rights Act</a>, including Title VII regarding employment discrimination,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> and called for overturning the <a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> decision on the grounds that state-mandated integration of schools violated libertarian principles.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In an essay called "Right-wing Populism", Rothbard proposed a set of measures to "reach out" to the "middle and working classes", which included urging the police to crack down on "street criminals", writing that "cops must be unleashed" and "allowed to administer instant punishment, subject of course to liability when they are in error". He also advocated that the police "clear the streets of bums and vagrants."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-31">[31]</a> Rothbard held strong opinions about many leaders of the civil rights movement. He considered black separatist <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a> to be a "great black leader" and integrationist <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> to be favored by whites because he "was the major restraining force on the developing Negro revolution".<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 167  Jacob Jensen writes that Rothbard's commentary from the 1960s, approving of both "black power" and "white power" in separated communities, amounted to support for <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJensen2022325–326-138">[138]</a> In 1993, Rothbard rejected the vision of a "separate black nation", asking "does anyone really believe that ... New Africa would be content to strike out on its own, with no massive "foreign aid" from the U.S.A.?".<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Rothbard also suggested that opposition to Martin Luther King Jr., whom he demeaned as a "coercive integrationist", should be a litmus test for members of his "<a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolibertarian">paleolibertarian</a>" political movement.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Rothbard is described by the historian John P. Jackson Jr. as espousing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> despite Rothbard's own background as a secular Jew.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> One former student described Rothbard as privately using the anti-Jewish slur "<a href="/wiki/Kike" title="Kike">kikes</a>" repeatedly.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> Rothbard also befriended the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust deniers</a> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Carto" title="Willis Carto">Willis Carto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Elmer_Barnes" title="Harry Elmer Barnes">Harry Elmer Barnes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_war">Views on war</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Views on war">edit</a>]</div> Like <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Bourne" title="Randolph Bourne">Randolph Bourne</a>, Rothbard believed that "war is the health of the state". According to David Gordon, this was the reason for Rothbard's opposition to aggressive <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gordon-62">[62]</a> Rothbard believed that stopping new wars was necessary and that knowledge of how government had led citizens into earlier wars was important. Two essays expanded on these views "War, Peace, and the State" and "Anatomy of the State". Rothbard used insights of <a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Vilfredo Pareto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Gaetano Mosca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Robert Michels</a> to build a model of state personnel, goals and ideology.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] Rothbard's colleague Joseph Stromberg notes that Rothbard made two exceptions to his general condemnation of war: "the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism#United_States_history" title="Historical negationism">War for Southern Independence</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">viewed from the Confederate side</a>", referring to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Rothbard condemned the "<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Names of the American Civil War">Northern war</a> against slavery", saying it was inspired by "fanatical" religious faith and characterized by "a cheerful willingness to uproot institutions, to commit mayhem and mass murder, to plunder and loot and destroy, all in the name of high moral principle".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> He celebrated <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, and other prominent Confederates as heroes while denouncing <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, and other Union leaders, who he said had "opened the Pandora's Box of genocide and the extermination of civilians".<a href="#cite_note-Denson1999-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barr2014-148">[148]</a> Rothbard saw <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> movements as a tool for undermining and disintegrating the state, according to historian <a href="/wiki/Quinn_Slobodian" title="Quinn Slobodian">Quinn Slobodian</a>, who wrote that "Rothbard's life was marked by a search for signs of potential secession" and that "When he found them, he did his best to deepen them."<a href="#cite_note-:14-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_revisionism">Historical revisionism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Historical revisionism">edit</a>]</div> Rothbard embraced "<a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">historical revisionism</a>" as an antidote to what he perceived to be the dominant influence exerted by corrupt "court intellectuals" over mainstream historical narratives.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 15, 62, 141 <a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> His friend <a href="/wiki/Harry_Elmer_Barnes" title="Harry Elmer Barnes">Harry Elmer Barnes</a>, the Holocaust-denying historian, used similar language, "court historians".<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> Rothbard wrote that these mainstream intellectuals distorted the historical record in favor of "the state" in exchange for "wealth, power, and prestige" from the state.<a href="#cite_note-Enemy-8">[8]</a>: 15  Rothbard characterized the revisionist task as "penetrating the fog of lies and deception of the State and its Court Intellectuals, and to present to the public the true history".<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> Rothbard worked with antisemitic writers in developing an isolationist revisionist history of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-27">[27]</a> He was influenced by and called a champion of Barnes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Rothbard favorably cited Barnes' view that "the murder of Germans and Japanese was the overriding aim of World War II".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In an obituary for Barnes, Rothbard wrote: "Our entry into World War II was the crucial act in foisting a permanent militarization upon the economy and society, in bringing to the country a permanent garrison state, an overweening military–industrial complex, a permanent system of conscription. It was the crucial act in creating a mixed economy run by Big Government, a system of <a href="/wiki/State_monopoly_capitalism" title="State monopoly capitalism">state monopoly capitalism</a> run by the central government in collaboration with Big Business and Big Unionism."<a href="#cite_note-Barnes_RIP-151">[151]</a> In addition to broadly supporting his historical views, Rothbard promoted Barnes as an influence for future revisionists.<a href="#cite_note-:1-152">[152]</a> Rothbard's endorsing of World War II revisionism and his association with Barnes and other Holocaust deniers have drawn criticism. <a href="/wiki/Kevin_D._Williamson" title="Kevin D. Williamson">Kevin D. Williamson</a> wrote an opinion piece published by <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> which condemned Rothbard for "making common cause with the 'revisionist' historians of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a>", a term he used to describe American Holocaust deniers associated with Rothbard, such as <a href="/wiki/James_J._Martin_(historian)" title="James J. Martin (historian)">James J. Martin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Historical_Review" title="Institute for Historical Review">Institute for Historical Review</a>. The piece also characterized "Rothbard and his faction" as being "culpably indulgent" of <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>, the view which "specifically denies that the Holocaust actually happened or holds that it was in some way exaggerated".<a href="#cite_note-:17-28">[28]</a> In an article for Rothbard's 50th birthday, Rothbard's friend and <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_State_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo State College">Buffalo State College</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Raico" title="Ralph Raico">Ralph Raico</a> stated that Rothbard "is the main reason that revisionism has become a crucial part of the whole libertarian position".<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_East_conflict">Middle East conflict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Middle East conflict">edit</a>]</div> Rothbard's <a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Libertarian Forum</a> blamed the Middle East conflict on Israeli aggression "fueled by American arms and money". Rothbard warned that the Middle East conflict would draw the United States into a world war. He was <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Zionist">anti-Zionist</a> and opposed United States involvement in the Middle East. Rothbard said the <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a> betrayed Palestinian aspirations and opposed <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon.</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In his essay, "War Guilt in the Middle East", Rothbard wrote that Israel refused "to let these refugees return and reclaim the property taken from them",<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> and took negative views of a <a href="/wiki/Two_state_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Two state solution">two state solution</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. He wrote: "On the one hand there are the Palestinian Arabs, who have tilled the soil or otherwise used the land of Palestine for centuries; and on the other, there are a group of external fanatics, who come from all over the world, and who claim the entire land area as 'given' to them as a collective religion or tribe at some remote or legendary time in the past. There is no way the two claims can be resolved to the satisfaction of both parties. There can be no genuine settlement, no 'peace' in the face of this irrepressible conflict; there can only be either a war to the death, or an uneasy practical compromise which can satisfy no one."<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_rights_and_parental_obligations">Children's rights and parental obligations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Children's rights and parental obligations">edit</a>]</div> In the Ethics of Liberty, Rothbard explores issues regarding <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">children's rights</a> in terms of self-ownership and contract.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> These include support for a woman's right to abortion, condemnation of parents showing aggression towards children and opposition to the state forcing parents to care for children. He also holds children have the right to <a href="/wiki/Runaway_(dependent)" title="Runaway (dependent)">run away</a> from parents and seek new guardians as soon as they are able to choose to do so. He argued that parents have the right to put a child out for <a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adoption</a> or sell the rights to the child in a voluntary contract in what Rothbard suggests will be a "flourishing free market in children". He believes that <a href="/wiki/Child-selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Child-selling">selling children</a> as consumer goods in accord with market forces—while "superficially monstrous"—will benefit "everyone" involved in the market: "the natural parents, the children, and the foster parents purchasing".<a href="#cite_note-Children_and_Rights-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In Rothbard's view of parenthood, "the parent should not have a legal obligation to feed, clothe, or educate his children, since such obligations would entail positive acts coerced upon the parent and depriving the parent of his rights".<a href="#cite_note-Children_and_Rights-158">[158]</a> Thus, Rothbard stated that parents should have the legal right to let any infant die by starvation and should be free to engage in other forms of <a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">child neglect</a>. However, according to Rothbard, "the purely free society will have a flourishing free market in children". In a fully libertarian society, he wrote, "the existence of a free baby market will bring such 'neglect' down to a minimum".<a href="#cite_note-Children_and_Rights-158">[158]</a> Economist Gene Callahan of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>, formerly a scholar at the Rothbard-affiliated Mises Institute, wrote that Rothbard allowed "the logical elegance of his legal theory" to "trump any arguments based on the moral reprehensibility of a parent idly watching her six-month-old child slowly starve to death in its crib".<a href="#cite_note-Callahan-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retributive_theory_of_criminal_justice">Retributive theory of criminal justice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Retributive theory of criminal justice">edit</a>]</div> In The Ethics of Liberty, Rothbard advocates for a "frankly <a href="/wiki/Retributive_justice" title="Retributive justice">retributive</a> theory of punishment" or a system of "a tooth (or two teeth) for a tooth".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Rothbard emphasizes that all punishment must be proportional, stating that "the criminal, or invader, loses his rights to the extent that he deprived another man of his".<a href="#cite_note-:6-162">[162]</a> Applying his retributive theory, Rothbard states that a thief "must pay double the extent of theft". Rothbard gives the example of a thief who stole $15,000 and says he not only would have to return the stolen money, but also provide the victim an additional $15,000, money to which the thief has forfeited his right. The thief would be "put in a [temporary] state of enslavement to his victim"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] if he is unable to pay him immediately. Rothbard also applies his theory to justify beating and torturing violent criminals, although the beatings are required to be proportional to the crimes for which they are being punished. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torture_of_criminal_suspects">Torture of criminal suspects</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Torture of criminal suspects">edit</a>]</div> In chapter twelve of Ethics,<a href="#cite_note-SelfDefense-163">[163]</a> Rothbard turns his attention to suspects arrested by the police.<a href="#cite_note-Callahan-160">[160]</a> He argues that police should be able to torture certain types of criminal suspects, including accused murderers, for information related to their alleged crime. Writes Rothbard: "Suppose ... police beat and torture a suspected murderer to find information (not to wring a confession, since obviously a coerced confession could never be considered valid). If the suspect turns out to be guilty, then the police should be exonerated, for then they have only ladled out to the murderer a parcel of what he deserves in return; his rights had already been forfeited by more than that extent. But if the suspect is not convicted, then that means that the police have beaten and tortured an innocent man, and that they in turn must be put into the dock for criminal assault".<a href="#cite_note-SelfDefense-163">[163]</a> Gene Callahan examines this position and concludes that Rothbard rejects the widely held belief that torture is inherently wrong, no matter who the victim. Callahan goes on to state that Rothbard's scheme gives the police a strong motive to <a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">frame</a> the suspect after having tortured him or her.<a href="#cite_note-Callahan-160">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_scientism">Science and scientism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Science and scientism">edit</a>]</div> In an essay condemning "<a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">scientism</a> in the study of man", Rothbard rejected the application of <a href="/wiki/Causal_determinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Causal determinism">causal determinism</a> to human beings, arguing that the actions of human beings—as opposed to those of everything else in nature—are not determined by prior causes, but by "<a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">free will</a>".<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> He argued that "determinism as applied to man, is a self-contradictory thesis, since the man who employs it relies implicitly on the existence of free will"[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Rothbard opposed what he considered the overspecialization of the academy and sought to fuse the disciplines of economics, history, ethics and political science to create a "science of liberty". Rothbard described the moral basis for his <a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalist">anarcho-capitalist</a> position in two of his books: <a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a>, published in 1973; and <a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a>, published in 1982. In his <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a> (1970), Rothbard describes how a stateless economy might function.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">third-party source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Articles">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Individualist (Apr., Jul.–Aug. 1971); Revised and republished by the Center for Independent Education (1979). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3710568">3710568</a>.</li> <li>"Soviet Foreign Policy: A Revisionist Perspective." <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Review" title="Libertarian Review">Libertarian Review</a> (Apr. 1978), pp. 23–27.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-03-03-me-2952-story.html">"His Only Crime Was Against the Old Guard: Milken."</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> (Mar. 3, 1992).</li> <li>"Anti-Buchanania: A Mini-Encyclopedia." Rothbard-<a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Rockwell</a> Report (May 1992), pp. 1–13.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2016/07/murray-n-rothbard/hillary-witch/">"Saint Hillary and the Religious Left."</a> (Dec. 1994).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/aen10_2_1_0.pdf">"The Other Side of the Coin: Free Banking in Chile."</a> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Economics_Newsletter" title="Austrian Economics Newsletter">Austrian Economics Newsletter</a>, vol. 10, no. 2.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Van_Nostrand" title="David Van Nostrand">D. Van Nostrand</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes.asp">full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes.asp">2nd ed. (Scholar's Ed.)</a> published in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466307" title="Special:BookSources/0945466307">0945466307</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes.asp">Full text.</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Panic_of_1819_(book)" title="The Panic of 1819 (book)">The Panic of 1819: Reactions and Policies</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/resources/695/The-Panic-of-1819-Reactions-and-Policies">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished, Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1933550082" title="Special:BookSources/1933550082">1933550082</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Depression" title="America's Great Depression">America's Great Depression</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Van_Nostrand" title="David Van Nostrand">D. Van Nostrand</a> (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/agd/contents.asp">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>5th ed. published in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466056" title="Special:BookSources/0945466056">0945466056</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market:_Government_and_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market: Government and the Economy">Power and Market: Government and the Economy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sheed_Andrews_and_McMeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheed Andrews and McMeel">Sheed Andrews and McMeel</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/resources/196/Power-and-Market-Government-and-the-Economy">full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished, Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2004). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466307" title="Special:BookSources/0945466307">0945466307</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty:_The_Libertarian_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collier_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Collier Books">Collier Books</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/online-book/new-liberty-libertarian-manifesto">Full text</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/media.aspx?action=category&ID=87">audiobook.</a> Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466471" title="Special:BookSources/0945466471">0945466471</a>.</li> <li>Anatomy of the State. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/anatomy-state">Full text.</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/anatomy-state-audiobook">audiobook.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2009). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933550480" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933550480">978-1933550480</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism_as_a_Revolt_Against_Nature_and_Other_Essays" title="Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays">Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays</a>. Libertarian Review Press (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3147">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>2nd ed., Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466234" title="Special:BookSources/0945466234">0945466234</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a> (4 vol.). New Rochelle, New York: <a href="/wiki/Arlington_House_Publishers" title="Arlington House Publishers">Arlington House</a> (1975–1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3006/Conceived-in-Liberty">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished, Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2012). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466269" title="Special:BookSources/0945466269">0945466269</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>The Logic of Action (2 vol.). Edward Elgar Publications (1997). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858980151" title="Special:BookSources/1858980151">1858980151</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858985706" title="Special:BookSources/1858985706">1858985706</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/6301/Economic-Controversies">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Reprinted as Economic Controversies. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2011).</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a>. <a href="/wiki/Humanities_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanities Press">Humanities Press</a> (1982). <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/ethics/ethics.asp">Full text</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/media.aspx?action=category&ID=95">audiobook.</a> Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814775063" title="Special:BookSources/0814775063">0814775063</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Banking" title="The Mystery of Banking">The Mystery of Banking</a>. Richardson and Snyder, Dutton (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/614/Mystery-of-Banking-The">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1105528781" title="Special:BookSources/978-1105528781">978-1105528781</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_the_Fed" title="The Case Against the Fed">The Case Against the Fed</a>. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3430/">Full text.</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Republished in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/094546617X" title="Special:BookSources/094546617X">094546617X</a>.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>America's Great Depression [5th ed.]. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2000).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Austrian_Perspective_on_the_History_of_Economic_Thought" title="An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought">An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought</a> (2 vol.). Edward Elgar Publishers (1995). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/094546648X" title="Special:BookSources/094546648X">094546648X</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3985/Economic-Thought-Before-Adam-Smith-An-Austrian-Perspective-on-the-History-of-Economic-Thought-Volume-I">Vol. 1: Economic Thought Before Adam Smith.</a> Republished in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2009).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3986/Classical-Economics-An-Austrian-Perspective-on-the-History-of-Economic-Thought-Volume-II">Vol. 2: Classical Economics.</a> Republished in Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2009).</li></ul></li> <li>Making Economic Sense. Auburn, Alab: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0945466188" title="Special:BookSources/0945466188">0945466188</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/899/Making-Economic-Sense">Full text.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a>. Auburn, Alab: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933550138" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933550138">978-1933550138</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3316/">Full text</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-audiobook">audiobook</a>, narrated by Ian Temple.</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Despite posthumous publication in 2007, it appears in print virtually unchanged from the manuscript untouched since the 1970s.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li>The Progressive Era. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2017). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610166744" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610166744">978-1610166744</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/book/progressive-era">Full text</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_contributions">Book contributions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Book contributions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Introduction to Capital, Interest, and Rent: Essays in the Theory of Distribution, by Frank A. Fetter. Kansas City: <a href="/wiki/Sheed_Andrews_and_McMeel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheed Andrews and McMeel">Sheed Andrews and McMeel</a> (1977).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/money-and-the-individual/">Foreword</a> to <a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Money_and_Credit" title="The Theory of Money and Credit">The Theory of Money and Credit</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a> (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216191645/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Ludwig%20von%20Mises/The%20Theory%20of%20Money%20and%20Credit.pdf">Full text .</a></li> <li>"Bramble Minibook" (1973). In: The Essential von Mises. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/3081">Full text.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140915095149/http://mises.org/document/3081/">Archived</a> September 15, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monographs">Monographs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Monographs">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Wall%20Street%2C%20Banks%2C%20and%20American%20Foreign%20Policy_2.pdf">Wall Street, Banks, and American Foreign Policy.</a> World Market Perspective (1984); <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a> (1995); <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Wall%20Street%20los%20Bancos%20y%20la%20Pol%C3%ADtica%20Exterior%20Norteamericana.pdf">Spanish translation.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interviews">Interviews</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Interviews">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210901063004/https://mises.org/library/interview-murray-rothbard-man-economy-and-state-mises-and-future-austrian-school">"Interview with Murray Rothbard on Man, Economy, and State, Mises, and the Future of the Austrian School"</a> (Summer 1990). <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Economics_Newsletter" title="Austrian Economics Newsletter">Austrian Economics Newsletter</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">American philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right#Influences" title="Alt-right">Alt-right#Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Federal_Reserve" title="Criticism of the Federal Reserve">Criticism of the Federal Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_philosophers" title="List of American philosophers">List of American philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStout1995" class="citation news cs1">Stout, David (January 11, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/11/obituaries/murray-n-rothbard-economist-and-free-market-exponent-68.html">"Murray N. Rothbard, Economist and Free-Market Exponent, 68"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905034710/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/11/obituaries/murray-n-rothbard-economist-and-free-market-exponent-68.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved February 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Murray+N.+Rothbard%2C+Economist+and+Free-Market+Exponent%2C+68&rft.date=1995-01-11&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F01%2F11%2Fobituaries%2Fmurray-n-rothbard-economist-and-free-market-exponent-68.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2006" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David Charles (2006). "Rothbard, Murray Newton (1926–1995)". In Ross Emmett (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of American Economists. 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Eugene Heathe, 2007. Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society, Sage, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5m9yq0Eu-vsC&pg=PT159">89</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503213131/https://books.google.com/books?id=5m9yq0Eu-vsC&pg=PT159">Archived</a> May 3, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "an economist of the Austrian school". </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_5-3">d</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Ronald Hamowy</a>, ed., 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1412965802">The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>, Sage, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-41296580-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-41296580-2">1-41296580-2</a>, p. 62: "a leading economist of the Austrian school"; pp. 11, 365, 458: "Austrian economist". </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBessner2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bessner, Daniel (December 8, 2014). 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Intellectual History Review. 24 (4): 441–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17496977.2014.970371">10.1080/17496977.2014.970371</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143391240">143391240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intellectual+History+Review&rft.atitle=Murray+Rothbard%2C+political+strategy%2C+and+the+making+of+modern+libertarianism&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=441-56&rft.date=2014-12-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17496977.2014.970371&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143391240%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bessner&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthewsOrtmann2002" class="citation journal cs1">Matthews, Peter Hans; Ortmann, Andreas (July 2002). "An Austrian (Mis)Reads Adam Smith: A critique of Rothbard as intellectual historian". Review of Political Economy. 14 (3): 379–92. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.535.510">10.1.1.535.510</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09538250220147895">10.1080/09538250220147895</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39872371">39872371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Political+Economy&rft.atitle=An+Austrian+%28Mis%29Reads+Adam+Smith%3A+A+critique+of+Rothbard+as+intellectual+historian&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=379-92&rft.date=2002-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.535.510%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39872371%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09538250220147895&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hans&rft.au=Ortmann%2C+Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enemy-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enemy_8-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Raimondo, Justin</a> (2000). 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Journal of the History of Ideas. 83 (2): 315–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjhi.2022.0015">10.1353/jhi.2022.0015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-3222">1086-3222</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35603616">35603616</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248985277">248985277</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712160927/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/855169">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved April 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=Repurposing+Mises%3A+Murray+Rothbard+and+the+Birth+of+Anarchocapitalism&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=315-32&rft.date=2022-04&rft.issn=1086-3222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248985277%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35603616&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjhi.2022.0015&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F855169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_11-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlobodian2023" class="citation book cs1">Slobodian, Quinn (2023). 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New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-75390-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-75390-8"><bdi>978-1-250-75390-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crack-up+capitalism%3A+market+radicals+and+the+dream+of+a+world+without+democracy&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books%2C+Henry+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-250-75390-8&rft.aulast=Slobodian&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman2010" class="citation cs2">Newman, Saul (March 24, 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634958.003.0006">The Politics of Postanarchism</a>, Edinburgh University Press, p. 43, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9780748634958.003.0006">10.3366/edinburgh/9780748634958.003.0006</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921203625/https://academic.oup.com/edinburgh-scholarship-online/book/23161/chapter-abstract/184036581?redirectedFrom=fulltext">archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024, retrieved September 4, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Postanarchism&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010-03-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9780748634958.003.0006&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3366%2Fedinburgh%2F9780748634958.003.0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodway2006" class="citation book cs1">Goodway, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5949/upo9781846312557">Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow</a>. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5949%2Fupo9781846312557">10.5949/upo9781846312557</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-025-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84631-025-6"><bdi>978-1-84631-025-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921203623/https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.5949%2FUPO9781846312557">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024. Retrieved September 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchist+Seeds+Beneath+the+Snow&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5949%2Fupo9781846312557&rft.isbn=978-1-84631-025-6&rft.aulast=Goodway&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5949%2Fupo9781846312557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinna2013" class="citation cs2">Kinna, Ruth (October 29, 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0059">"Anarchism"</a>, Sociology, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199756384-0059">10.1093/obo/9780199756384-0059</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975638-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975638-4"><bdi>978-0-19-975638-4</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921203626/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199756384/obo-9780199756384-0059.xml">archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2024, retrieved September 4, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.date=2013-10-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199756384-0059&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975638-4&rft.aulast=Kinna&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fobo%2F9780199756384-0059&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Rothbard, Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard40.html">"The Great Society: A Libertarian Critique" </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618045339/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard40.html">Archived</a> June 18, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lew Rockwell. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1997" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (1997). "The Myth of Neutral Taxation". The Logic of Action Two: Applications and Criticism from the Austrian School. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1858985701" title="Special:BookSources/978-1858985701"><bdi>978-1858985701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Neutral+Taxation&rft.btitle=The+Logic+of+Action+Two%3A+Applications+and+Criticism+from+the+Austrian+School&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1858985701&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> First published in The Cato Journal, Fall 1981. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hans-Hermann_Hoppe-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Hans-Hermann_Hoppe_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe, Hans-Hermann</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/hoppeintro.asp">"Introduction"</a>. The Ethics of Liberty. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914001855/https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/hoppeintro.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Hans-Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Frothbard%2Fethics%2Fhoppeintro.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2002" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2002) [1982]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/twentytwo.asp">"The Nature of the State"</a>. The Ethics of Liberty. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. pp. 167–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814775066" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814775066"><bdi>978-0814775066</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914001703/https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/twentytwo.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+the+State&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=167-68&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0814775066&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Frothbard%2Fethics%2Ftwentytwo.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mystery-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mystery_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mystery_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2008" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2008) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/614/Mystery-of-Banking-The">The Mystery of Banking</a> (2nd ed.). Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. pp. 111–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933550282" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933550282"><bdi>978-1933550282</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914003927/https://mises.org/document/614/Mystery-of-Banking-The">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Banking&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pages=111-13&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1933550282&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdocument%2F614%2FMystery-of-Banking-The&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Casey-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Casey_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Casey_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Casey, Gerard</a> (2010). Meadowcroft, John (ed.). Murray Rothbard. Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers. Vol. 15. London: Continuum. pp. 4–5, 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1441142092" title="Special:BookSources/978-1441142092"><bdi>978-1441142092</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murray+Rothbard&rft.place=London&rft.series=Major+Conservative+and+Libertarian+Thinkers&rft.pages=4-5%2C+129&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1441142092&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Klausner, Manuel S. (Feb. 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913075343/https://reason.com/1973/02/01/the-new-isolationism/">"The New Isolationism."</a> An Interview with Murray Rothbard and <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Liggio" title="Leonard Liggio">Leonard Liggio</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reason.com/issue/february-1973/">Full issue.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913075646/https://reason.com/issue/february-1973/">Archived</a> September 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_22-1">b</a> Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/etexts/HHHonMNR.pdf">"Murray N. Rothbard: Economics, Science, and Liberty."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140224060422/http://mises.org/etexts/hhhonmnr.pdf">Archived</a> February 24, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Mises.org </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrohnenBeerNelson2006" class="citation book cs1">Frohnen, Bruce; Beer, Jeremy; Nelson, Jeffrey O., eds. (2006). "Rothbard, Murray (1926–95)". American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Wilmington, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a>: ISI Books. p. 750. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932236-43-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932236-43-9"><bdi>978-1-932236-43-9</bdi></a>. <q>Only after several decades of teaching at the Polytechnic Institute of New York did Rothbard obtain an endowed chair, and like that of Mises at NYU, his own at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas was established by an admiring benefactor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rothbard%2C+Murray+%281926%E2%80%9395%29&rft.btitle=American+Conservatism%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Wilmington%2C+DE&rft.pages=750&rft.pub=ISI+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-932236-43-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2016" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, George (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/925410917">Right-wing critics of American conservatism</a>. Lawrence. pp. 159–67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2193-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-2193-4"><bdi>978-0-7006-2193-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/925410917">925410917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right-wing+critics+of+American+conservatism&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pages=159-67&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F925410917&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-2193-4&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F925410917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_25-1">b</a> O'Malley, Michael (2012). Face Value: The Entwined Histories of Money and Race in America. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 205–07 </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_26-1">b</a> Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino, Editors, International Encyclopedia of Political Science, Vol. 1, "Revisionism" entry, Sage, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t0JZp-jrotQC&dq=Murray+rothbard+historical+revisionism&pg=PA2310">p. 2310</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160517072512/https://books.google.com/books?id=t0JZp-jrotQC&dq=Murray+rothbard+historical+revisionism&pg=PA2310">Archived</a> May 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1412959632" title="Special:BookSources/1412959632">1412959632</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_27-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, John P. Jr (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/804147">"The Pre-History of American Holocaust Denial"</a>. American Jewish History. 105 (1): 25–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fajh.2021.0002">10.1353/ajh.2021.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239763082">239763082</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904004649/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/804147">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved October 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Jewish+History&rft.atitle=The+Pre-History+of+American+Holocaust+Denial&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-48&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fajh.2021.0002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239763082%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=John+P.+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F804147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_28-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_D._Williamson" title="Kevin D. Williamson">Williamson, Kevin D</a>. (January 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/293707/courting-cranks/page/0/3?cb=1">"Courting the Cranks."</a><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>, January 2013 ed., p. 4 (subscription required) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023729/http://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/293707/courting-cranks/page/0/3?cb=1">Archived</a> October 20, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_Newsletters-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_Newsletters_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_Newsletters_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_Newsletters_29-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchezWeigel2008" class="citation journal cs1">Sanchez, Julian; Weigel, David (January 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/2008/01/16/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter/singlepage">"Who Wrote Ron Paul's Newsletters?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002130521/http://reason.com/archives/2008/01/16/who-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter/singlepage">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reason&rft.atitle=Who+Wrote+Ron+Paul%27s+Newsletters%3F&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Weigel%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freason.com%2Farchives%2F2008%2F01%2F16%2Fwho-wrote-ron-pauls-newsletter%2Fsinglepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwolinskiTomasi2023" class="citation book cs1">Zwolinski, Matt; Tomasi, John (2023). The Individualists: Radicals, Reactionaries, and the Struggle for the Soul of Libertarianism. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691155548" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691155548"><bdi>978-0691155548</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Individualists%3A+Radicals%2C+Reactionaries%2C+and+the+Struggle+for+the+Soul+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0691155548&rft.aulast=Zwolinski&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Tomasi%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassimino2021" class="citation book cs1">Massimino, Cory (2021). "Two cheers for Rothbardianism". In Chartier, Gary; Van Schoelandt, Chad (eds.). Routledge handbook of anarchy and anarchist thought. Routledge handbooks. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-73758-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-73758-7"><bdi>978-1-138-73758-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Two+cheers+for+Rothbardianism&rft.btitle=Routledge+handbook+of+anarchy+and+anarchist+thought&rft.place=London&rft.series=Routledge+handbooks&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+group&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-138-73758-7&rft.aulast=Massimino&rft.aufirst=Cory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlobodian2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quinn_Slobodian" title="Quinn Slobodian">Slobodian, Quinn</a> (November 2019). "Anti-'68ers and the Racist-Libertarian Alliance: How a Schism among Austrian School Neoliberals Helped Spawn the Alt Right". Cultural Politics. 15 (3): 372–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F17432197-7725521">10.1215/17432197-7725521</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213717695">213717695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Politics&rft.atitle=Anti-%2768ers+and+the+Racist-Libertarian+Alliance%3A+How+a+Schism+among+Austrian+School+Neoliberals+Helped+Spawn+the+Alt+Right&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=372-86&rft.date=2019-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F17432197-7725521&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213717695%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Slobodian&rft.aufirst=Quinn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, Melinda (November 2021). "The Alt-Right: Neoliberalism, Libertarianism and the Fascist Temptation". <a href="/wiki/Theory,_Culture_%26_Society" title="Theory, Culture & Society">Theory, Culture & Society</a>. 38 (6): 29–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0263276421999446">10.1177/0263276421999446</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233528701">233528701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theory%2C+Culture+%26+Society&rft.atitle=The+Alt-Right%3A+Neoliberalism%2C+Libertarianism+and+the+Fascist+Temptation&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=29-50&rft.date=2021-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0263276421999446&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233528701%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanz2017" class="citation news cs1">Ganz, John (September 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/09/19/libertarians-have-more-in-common-with-the-alt-right-than-they-want-you-to-think/">"Libertarians Have More in Common with the Alt-right than They Want You to Think"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807155429/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/09/19/libertarians-have-more-in-common-with-the-alt-right-than-they-want-you-to-think/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Libertarians+Have+More+in+Common+with+the+Alt-right+than+They+Want+You+to+Think&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft.aulast=Ganz&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fposteverything%2Fwp%2F2017%2F09%2F19%2Flibertarians-have-more-in-common-with-the-alt-right-than-they-want-you-to-think%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe1999" class="citation web cs1">Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/etexts/hhhonmnr.asp">"Murray N. Rothbard: Economics, Science, and Liberty"</a>. The Ludwig von Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102050422/https://mises.org/etexts/hhhonmnr.asp">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murray+N.+Rothbard%3A+Economics%2C+Science%2C+and+Liberty&rft.pub=The+Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Hans-Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fetexts%2Fhhhonmnr.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Reprinted from 15 Great Austrian Economists, edited by Randall G. Holcombe. </li> <li id="cite_note-Raimondo2000-34-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Raimondo2000-34_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2000" class="citation book cs1">Raimondo, Justin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YBsyVMg5HToC&pg=PA34">An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard</a>. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0"><bdi>978-1-61592-239-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016074108/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBsyVMg5HToC&pg=PA34">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enemy+of+the+State%3A+The+Life+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-239-0&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBsyVMg5HToC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OldRight-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OldRight_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OldRight_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard" class="citation web cs1">Rothbard, Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/life-in-the-old-right/">"Life in the Old Right"</a>. Lew Rockwell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906090636/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard45.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+in+the+Old+Right&rft.pub=Lew+Rockwell&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2F1970%2F01%2Fmurray-n-rothbard%2Flife-in-the-old-right%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-38"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyyrc.com/history/">"History"</a>. NYYRC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191012210513/https://nyyrc.com/history/">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYYRC&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnyyrc.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty2007" class="citation book cs1">Doherty, Brian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76141517">Radicals for capitalism : a freewheeling history of the modern American libertarian movement</a>. New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-350-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-350-0"><bdi>978-1-58648-350-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/76141517">76141517</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals+for+capitalism+%3A+a+freewheeling+history+of+the+modern+American+libertarian+movement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76141517&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-350-0&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F76141517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2007" class="citation magazine cs1">McCarthy, Daniel (March 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605015227/http://www.amconmag.com/article/2007/mar/12/00027/">"Enemies of the State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/article/2007/mar/12/00027/">the original</a> on June 5, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Conservative&rft.atitle=Enemies+of+the+State&rft.date=2007-03-12&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amconmag.com%2Farticle%2F2007%2Fmar%2F12%2F00027%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-French-41"><a href="#cite_ref-French_41-0">^</a> French, Doug (December 27, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/4919/Burns-Diary-Exposes-the-Myth-of-Fed-Independence">Burns Diary Exposes the Myth of Fed Independence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010342/https://mises.org/daily/4919/Burns-Diary-Exposes-the-Myth-of-Fed-Independence">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> David Gordon, 2010, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/document/5777/Strictly-Confidential-The-Private-Volker-Fund-Memos-of-Murray-N-RothbardStrictly">Confidential: The Private Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914002006/https://mises.org/document/5777/Strictly-Confidential-The-Private-Volker-Fund-Memos-of-Murray-N-Rothbard">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Quote from Rothbard: "The Volker Fund concept was to find and grant research funds to hosts of libertarian and right-wing scholars and to draw these scholars together via seminars, conferences, etc." </li> <li id="cite_note-Essential-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Essential_43-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_(philosopher)" title="David Gordon (philosopher)">Gordon, David</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.mises.org/The%20Essential%20Rothbard_4.pdf">The Essential Rothbard</a> (PDF). Auburn, Alabama: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933550-10-7"><bdi>978-1-933550-10-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/123960448">123960448</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522113238/https://cdn.mises.org/The%20Essential%20Rothbard_4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Rothbard&rft.place=Auburn%2C+Alabama&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F123960448&rft.isbn=978-1-933550-10-7&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.mises.org%2FThe%2520Essential%2520Rothbard_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaldis2013" class="citation book cs1">Kaldis, Byron (2013). Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences. United States: <a href="/wiki/Sage_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Sage Publications">Sage Publications</a>. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1506332611" title="Special:BookSources/978-1506332611"><bdi>978-1506332611</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy+and+the+Social+Sciences&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1506332611&rft.aulast=Kaldis&rft.aufirst=Byron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/joann-beatrice-schumacher-rothbard-1928-1999">"JoAnn Beatrice Schumacher Rothbard (1928–1999)"</a>. October 30, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804030902/https://mises.org/library/joann-beatrice-schumacher-rothbard-1928-1999">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JoAnn+Beatrice+Schumacher+Rothbard+%281928%E2%80%931999%29&rft.date=1999-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fjoann-beatrice-schumacher-rothbard-1928-1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Scott Sublett, "Libertarians' Storied Guru", Washington Times, July 30, 1987 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016162-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2016162_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawley2016">Hawley 2016</a>, p. 162. </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_48-4">e</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Stout" title="David Stout">David Stout</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/11/obituaries/murray-n-rothbard-economist-and-free-market-exponent-68.html">Obituary: Murray N. Rothbard, Economist And Free-Market Exponent, 68</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905034710/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/11/obituaries/murray-n-rothbard-economist-and-free-market-exponent-68.html">Archived</a> September 5, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, January 11, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Klein_49-0">^</a> Peter G. Klein, ed., F.A. Hayek, The Fortunes of Liberalism: Essays on Austrian Economics and the Ideal of Freedom, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hrS-xhUGKHIC&pg=PA54">p. 54</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503213142/https://books.google.com/books?id=hrS-xhUGKHIC&pg=PA54">Archived</a> May 3, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-22632116-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-22632116-9">0-22632116-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Rockwell, Llewellyn H. (May 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/2584/">"Three National Treasures."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010718/https://mises.org/daily/2584/">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Mises.org </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Herbener, J. (1995). L. Rockwell (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Murray Rothbard, In Memoriam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074229/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Archived</a> December 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Auburn, AL.: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. p. 87 </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burns_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burns_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Burns_(historian)" title="Jennifer Burns (historian)">Burns, Jennifer</a> (2009). <a href="/wiki/Goddess_of_the_Market" title="Goddess of the Market">Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right</a>. Oxford Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532487-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532487-7"><bdi>978-0-19-532487-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goddess+of+the+Market%3A+Ayn+Rand+and+the+American+Right&rft.pub=Oxford+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532487-7&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/jls/21_4/21_4_3.pdf">"Mises and Rothbard Letters to Ayn Rand"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140711225127/http://mises.org/journals/jls/21_4/21_4_3.pdf">Archived</a> July 11, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Libertarian_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Libertarian Studies">Journal of Libertarian Studies</a>, Volume 21, No. 4 (Winter 2007): 11–16. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Chris Matthew Sciabarra</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ly9S2quKl1EC&pg=PA165">Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519172357/https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0271020490&id=Ly9S2quKl1EC&pg=PA165">Archived</a> May 19, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Penn State Press, 2000. p. 165, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-27102049-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-27102049-0">0-27102049-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mozart-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mozart_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mozart_55-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/mozart.html">Mozart Was a Red: A Morality Play in One Act</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914051843/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/mozart.html">Archived</a> September 14, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lew Rockwell, by Murray N. Rothbard, early 1960s, with an introduction by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Justin Raimondo</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard23.html">"The Sociology of the Ayn Rand Cult."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202100419/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard23.html">Archived</a> December 2, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lew Rockwell. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKauffman2008" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kauffman" title="Bill Kauffman">Kauffman, Bill</a> (May 19, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/when-the-left-was-right/">"When the Left Was Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104203634/http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/when-the-left-was-right/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Conservative&rft.atitle=When+the+Left+Was+Right&rft.date=2008-05-19&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericanconservative.com%2Farticles%2Fwhen-the-left-was-right%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggenbach2010" class="citation news cs1">Riggenbach, Jeff (May 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/4330">"Karl Hess and the Death of Politics"</a>. Mises Institute. Ludwig von Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021020555/http://mises.org/daily/4330">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mises+Institute&rft.atitle=Karl+Hess+and+the+Death+of+Politics&rft.date=2010-05-13&rft.aulast=Riggenbach&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdaily%2F4330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Ronald Lora, William Henry Longton, editors, The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America, Chapter "The Libertarian Forum", Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ioakmq8yxA4C&dq=Murray+Rothbard+nonintervention+foreign+policy&pg=PA372">p. 372</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510233147/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ioakmq8yxA4C&pg=PA372&dq=Murray+Rothbard+nonintervention+foreign+policy&hl=en&sa=X&ei=0HT4UbrPAsKCyAHn44HIAg&ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ">Archived</a> May 10, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0313213909" title="Special:BookSources/0313213909">0313213909</a>, </li> <li id="cite_note-mises3-60"><a href="#cite_ref-mises3_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/myths-reaganomics">"The Myths of Reaganomics | Mises Institute"</a>. mises.org. June 9, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020062853/https://mises.org/library/myths-reaganomics">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mises.org&rft.atitle=The+Myths+of+Reaganomics+%26%23124%3B+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2004-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fmyths-reaganomics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1999" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Marvin (1999). "Libertarian Forum 1969–1986". In Lora, Ronald; Henry, William Longton (eds.). The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21390-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21390-8"><bdi>978-0-313-21390-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40481045">40481045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Forum+1969%E2%80%931986&rft.btitle=The+Conservative+Press+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=369&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40481045&rft.isbn=978-0-313-21390-8&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_62-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_(philosopher)" title="David Gordon (philosopher)">Gordon, David</a> (February 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/about/3249">"Biography of Murray N. Rothbard (1926–1995)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202054227/http://mises.org/about/3249">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard+%281926%E2%80%931995%29&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2007-02-26&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fabout%2F3249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016129,_164-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2016129,_164_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawley2016">Hawley 2016</a>, p. 129, 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-Burris-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burris_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burris_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burris_64-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurris2011" class="citation web cs1">Burris, Charles (February 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/kochs-v-soros-a-partial-backstory/">"Kochs v. Soros: A Partial Backstory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314082157/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/kochs-v-soros-a-partial-backstory/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved August 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kochs+v.+Soros%3A+A+Partial+Backstory&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.aulast=Burris&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Flrc-blog%2Fkochs-v-soros-a-partial-backstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cato.org/pubs/papers/25th_annual_report.pdf">"25 years at the Cato Institute: The 2001 Annual Report"</a> (PDF). pp. 11–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070508204943/http://www.cato.org/pubs/papers/25th_annual_report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+years+at+the+Cato+Institute%3A+The+2001+Annual+Report&rft.pages=11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fpubs%2Fpapers%2F25th_annual_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/wire/story-mises-institute">"The Story of the Mises Institute"</a>. Ludwig von Mises Institute. September 19, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200823180918/https://mises.org/wire/story-mises-institute">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved February 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Mises+Institute&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fwire%2Fstory-mises-institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Lee, Frederic S., and Cronin, Bruce C. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2010.00751.x/pdf">"Research Quality Rankings of Heterodox Economic Journals in a Contested Discipline."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311153929/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2010.00751.x/pdf">Archived</a> March 11, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 69(5): 1428 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016128-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2016128_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawley2016">Hawley 2016</a>, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (November 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch16.html">"Big Government Libertarianism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131223653/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch16.html">Archived</a> January 31, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, LewRockwell.com </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-70"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2010" class="citation news cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/strategy-right">"A Strategy for the Right"</a>. Mises Institute. <a href="/wiki/Mises.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Mises.org">mises.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030205243/https://mises.org/library/strategy-right">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mises+Institute&rft.atitle=A+Strategy+for+the+Right&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fstrategy-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lewrockwell-71"><a href="#cite_ref-lewrockwell_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1992" class="citation web cs1">Rothbard, Murray (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524131828/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch5.html">"Right-wing Populism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch5.html">the original</a> on May 24, 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Right-wing+Populism&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.date=1992-01&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Fir%2FCh5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Originally published in the January 1992 Rothbard-Rockwell Report. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016166-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2016166_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawley2016">Hawley 2016</a>, p. 166. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawley2016164-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawley2016164_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHawley2016">Hawley 2016</a>, p. 164. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard" class="citation web cs1">Rothbard, Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard219.html">"Strategy for the Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313192556/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard219.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategy+for+the+Right&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Frothbard219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> First published in The Rothbard-Rockwell Report, January 1992. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockwell2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Rockwell, Llewellyn H. Jr.</a> (April 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/1788">"Still the State's Greatest Living Enemy"</a>. Mises Daily. Ludwig von Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920065557/http://www.mises.org/daily/1788">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mises+Daily&rft.atitle=Still+the+State%27s+Greatest+Living+Enemy&rft.date=2005-04-08&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=Llewellyn+H.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdaily%2F1788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (June 1, 1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-01-me-286-story.html">"Little Texan Connects Big With Masses: Perot is a populist in the content of his views and in the manner of his candidacy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417154919/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-01-me-286-story.html">Archived</a> April 17, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1992" class="citation news cs1">Rothbard, Murray (July 30, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-30-me-4460-story.html">"Hold Back the Hordes for 4 More Years: Any sensible American has one real choice – George Bush"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023729/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-30/local/me-4460_1_george-bush">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hold+Back+the+Hordes+for+4+More+Years%3A+Any+sensible+American+has+one+real+choice+%E2%80%93+George+Bush&rft.date=1992-07-30&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1992-07-30-me-4460-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Raimondo, Justin</a> (October 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2012/09/30/race-for-the-white-house-2012-whom-to-root-for/">"Race for the White House, 2012: Whom to Root For?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antiwar.com" title="Antiwar.com">Antiwar.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501141747/http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2012/09/30/race-for-the-white-house-2012-whom-to-root-for/">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Race+for+the+White+House%2C+2012%3A+Whom+to+Root+For%3F&rft.pub=Antiwar.com&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foriginal.antiwar.com%2Fjustin%2F2012%2F09%2F30%2Frace-for-the-white-house-2012-whom-to-root-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Charley_Reese" title="Charley Reese">Reese, Charley</a> (October 14, 1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1993/10/14/the-us-standard-of-living-will-decline-if-nafta-is-approved/">"The U.S. Standard Of Living Will Decline If Nafta Is Approved"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel" title="Orlando Sentinel">Orlando Sentinel</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Lew Rockwell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rockwell/paleoism.html">"What I Learned From Paleoism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610014040/https://www.lewrockwell.com/2002/05/lew-rockwell/what-i-learned-from-paleoism/">Archived</a> June 10, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>, 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, JoAnn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074229/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Murray Rothbard, In Memoriam</a> (PDF). Auburn, AL: von Mises Institute. p. vii–ix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murray+Rothbard%2C+In+Memoriam&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pages=vii-ix&rft.pub=von+Mises+Institute&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=JoAnn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.freecapitalists.org%2Fbooks%2FMurray%2520N%2520Rothbard%2Fmemoriam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Sciabarra, Chris (2000). Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism, Penn State Press, 2000. p. 358, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-27102049-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-27102049-0">0-27102049-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Vance, Laurence M (March 15, 2011). "Is Libertarianism Compatible with Religion?" Lew Rockwell. </li> <li id="cite_note-Raimondo2000-67-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Raimondo2000-67_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2000" class="citation book cs1">Raimondo, Justin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YBsyVMg5HToC&pg=PA67">An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard</a>. Prometheus Books. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0"><bdi>978-1-61592-239-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016074204/https://books.google.com/books?id=YBsyVMg5HToC&pg=PA67">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enemy+of+the+State%3A+The+Life+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-239-0&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYBsyVMg5HToC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2000" class="citation book cs1">Raimondo, Justin (2000). An Enemy of the State: the Life of Murray N. Rothbard. Prometheus Books. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57392809-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57392809-0"><bdi>978-1-57392809-0</bdi></a>. <q>In the same letter, he reiterates his atheism: "On the religion question, we paleolibertarians are not theocrats," he writes. "Obviously, I could not be myself, both as a libertarian and as an atheist." However, he continued, "the left-libertarian hostility to religion, based as it is on ignorance and the bitterness of "aging adolescent rebels against bourgeois America", is "monstrous."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enemy+of+the+State%3A+the+Life+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57392809-0&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Casey, Gerard</a> (2010). Meadowcroft, John (ed.). Murray Rothbard. Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers. Vol. 15. London: Continuum. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4209-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4209-2"><bdi>978-1-4411-4209-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murray+Rothbard&rft.place=London&rft.series=Major+Conservative+and+Libertarian+Thinkers&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4209-2&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray_N._Rothbard,_In_Memoriam-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_N._Rothbard,_In_Memoriam_87-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Murray N. Rothbard, In Memoriam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074229/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Archived</a> December 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Preface by JoAnn Rothbard, edited by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr, published by Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-mises.org-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mises.org_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mises.org_88-1">b</a> Rothbard, Murray (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/praxeology.pdf">Praxeology: The Methodology of Austrian Economics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140731160019/http://mises.org/rothbard/praxeology.pdf">Archived</a> July 31, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mises.org </li> <li id="cite_note-mises-89"><a href="#cite_ref-mises_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916033639/http://mises.org/media/2938/Where-Modern-Economics-Went-Wrong">"Where Modern Economics Went Wrong"</a>. mises.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/media/2938/Where-Modern-Economics-Went-Wrong">the original</a> on September 16, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mises.org&rft.atitle=Where+Modern+Economics+Went+Wrong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fmedia%2F2938%2FWhere-Modern-Economics-Went-Wrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-90"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_90-0">^</a> Mark Skousen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6sisXMv_AecC&pg=PA390">The Making of Modern Economics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527151449/https://books.google.com/books?id=6sisXMv_AecC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA390">Archived</a> May 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (M.E. Sharpe, 2009, p. 390). Skousen writes that Rothbard "refused to write for the academic journals." </li> <li id="cite_note-golddollar-91"><a href="#cite_ref-golddollar_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1991" class="citation web cs1">Rothbard, Murray (1991) [1962]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/1829">"The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar"</a>. Ludwig von Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801065845/http://mises.org/daily/1829">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+a+100+Percent+Gold+Dollar&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdaily%2F1829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorth2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_North_(economist)" title="Gary North (economist)">North, Gary</a> (October 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/north/north769.html">"What Is Money? Part 5: Fractional Reserve Banking"</a>. LewRockwell.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313211006/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/north/north769.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Money%3F+Part+5%3A+Fractional+Reserve+Banking&rft.pub=LewRockwell.com&rft.date=2009-10-10&rft.aulast=North&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Fnorth%2Fnorth769.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2006" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2006) [1995]. An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought. Vol. 1. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. 435. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945466-48-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-945466-48-X"><bdi>0-945466-48-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Austrian+Perspective+on+the+History+of+Economic+Thought&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pages=435&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-945466-48-X&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2006" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2006) [1995]. An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought. Vol. 1. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. 453. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945466-48-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-945466-48-X"><bdi>0-945466-48-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Austrian+Perspective+on+the+History+of+Economic+Thought&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pages=453&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-945466-48-X&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Casey, Gerard</a> (2010). Murray Rothbard. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 112. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4209-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4209-2">978-1-4411-4209-2</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Tony Endres, review of Classical Economics: An Austrian Perspective, History of Economics Review, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hetsa.org.au/pdf-back/23-RA-7.pdf">http://www.hetsa.org.au/pdf-back/23-RA-7.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140127064606/http://www.hetsa.org.au/pdf-back/23-RA-7.pdf">Archived</a> January 27, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/resources/5223/Keynes-the-Man">Keynes the Man</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902064513/http://mises.org/resources/5223/Keynes-the-Man">Archived</a> September 2, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, originally published in Dissent on Keynes: A Critical Appraisal of Keynesian Economics, Edited by Mark Skousen. New York: Praeger, 1992, pp. 171–98; Online ed. at The <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Gordon, David (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/misesreview_detail.aspx?control=151&sortorder=issue">"John Stuart Mill on Liberty and Control."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914004452/https://mises.org/misesreview_detail.aspx?control=151&sortorder=issue">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Mises Review </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Ruger, William (2013). Meadowcroft, John, ed. Milton Friedman. Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers. New York: Bloomsbury. p. 174 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard43.html">"Milton Friedman Unraveled."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313192641/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard43.html">Archived</a> March 13, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> LewRockwell.com </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Doherty, Brian (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reason.com/archives/1995/06/01/best-of-both-worlds/3">"Best of Both Worlds."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405013824/http://reason.com/archives/1995/06/01/best-of-both-worlds/3">Archived</a> April 5, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Reason </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray_Memoriam-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_Memoriam_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockwell1995" class="citation book cs1">Rockwell, Llewellyn (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074229/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Murray N. Rothbard In Memoriam</a> (PDF). Auburn, Alabama: Mises Institute. pp. 33–37. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 20, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Murray+N.+Rothbard+In+Memoriam&rft.place=Auburn%2C+Alabama&rft.pages=33-37&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Rockwell&rft.aufirst=Llewellyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.freecapitalists.org%2Fbooks%2FMurray%2520N%2520Rothbard%2Fmemoriam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1860&context=facpub">https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1860&context=facpub</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> In "Defense of 'Extreme Apriorism' Murray N. Rothbard" Southern Economic Journal, January 1957, pp. 314–20 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirzner" class="citation web cs1">Kirzner, Israel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/journals/aen/aen17_1_1.asp">"Interview of Israel Kirzner"</a>. Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080210215643/http://www.mises.org/journals/aen/aen17_1_1.asp">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+of+Israel+Kirzner&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.aulast=Kirzner&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mises.org%2Fjournals%2Faen%2Faen17_1_1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERE-106"><a href="#cite_ref-ERE_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyler_Cowen_and_Richard_Fink1985" class="citation journal cs1">Tyler Cowen and Richard Fink (1985). "Inconsistent Equilibrium Constructs: The Evenly Rotating Equilibrium Economy of Mises and Rothbard". American Economic Review. 75 (4): 866–69. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1821365">1821365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&rft.atitle=Inconsistent+Equilibrium+Constructs%3A+The+Evenly+Rotating+Equilibrium+Economy+of+Mises+and+Rothbard&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=866-69&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1821365%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Tyler+Cowen+and+Richard+Fink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunning2014" class="citation journal cs1">Gunning, Patrick (November 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/periodical.aspx?Id=4">"Mises on the Evenly Rotating Economy"</a>. Journal of Austrian Economics. 3 (3). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914050526/https://www.mises.org/periodical.aspx?Id=4">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Austrian+Economics&rft.atitle=Mises+on+the+Evenly+Rotating+Economy&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft.aulast=Gunning&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fperiodical.aspx%3FId%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2011/07/22/missing-milton-friedman">"Missing Milton Friedman"</a>. The Economist. June 22, 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230312073452/https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2011/07/22/missing-milton-friedman">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Missing+Milton+Friedman&rft.date=2011-06-22&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fdemocracy-in-america%2F2011%2F07%2F22%2Fmissing-milton-friedman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boettke_Nomos-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Boettke_Nomos_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoettke1988" class="citation journal cs1">Boettke, Peter (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2800511">"Economists and Liberty: Murray N. Rothbard"</a>. Nomos: 29ff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230503213135/https://www.academia.edu/2800511">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nomos&rft.atitle=Economists+and+Liberty%3A+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.pages=29ff&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Boettke&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2800511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Grimm, Curtis M.; Hunn, Lee; Smith, Ken G. Strategy as Action: Competitive Dynamics and Competitive Advantage. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. p. 43 [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">ISBN missing</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyriazi2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kyriazi, Harold (2004). "31 Reckoning with Rothbard". American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 63 (2): 451–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.2004.00298.x">10.1111/j.1536-7150.2004.00298.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Economics+and+Sociology&rft.atitle=31+Reckoning+with+Rothbard&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=451-84&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1536-7150.2004.00298.x&rft.aulast=Kyriazi&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> George C. Leef, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/egalitarianism-as-a-revolt-against-nature-and-other-essays-by-murray-rothbard-edited-by-david-gordon#axzz2i8c6D5oO">"Book Review of Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays by Murray Rothbard", edited by David Gordon (2000 ed.)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019180503/http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/egalitarianism-as-a-revolt-against-nature-and-other-essays-by-murray-rothbard-edited-by-david-gordon#axzz2i8c6D5oO">Archived</a> October 19, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Freeman" title="The Freeman">The Freeman</a>, July 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard31.html">"Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618045321/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard31.html">Archived</a> June 18, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, essay published in full at <a href="/wiki/Lewrockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewrockwell.com">Lewrockwell.com</a>. See also Rothbard's essay <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/3007">"The Struggle Over Egalitarianism Continues"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914021835/https://mises.org/daily/3007">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, the 1991 introduction to republication of Freedom, Inequality, Primitivism, and the Division of Labor, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Von Mises Institute">Ludwig Von Mises Institute</a>, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoeffelChomsky2011" class="citation book cs1">Schoeffel, John; Chomsky, Noam (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TykKulVqY9UC">Understanding Power: The Indispensable Chomsky</a>. ReadHowYouWant.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4587-8817-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4587-8817-7"><bdi>978-1-4587-8817-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806062507/https://books.google.com/books?id=TykKulVqY9UC">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Power%3A+The+Indispensable+Chomsky&rft.pub=ReadHowYouWant.com&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4587-8817-7&rft.aulast=Schoeffel&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Chomsky%2C+Noam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTykKulVqY9UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HessDoP-115"><a href="#cite_ref-HessDoP_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHess2003" class="citation web cs1">Hess, Karl (2003) [March 1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fare.tunes.org/books/Hess/dop.html">"The Death of Politics"</a>. Faré's Home Page. Playboy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802164945/http://fare.tunes.org/books/Hess/dop.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2023. <q>Laissez-faire capitalism, or anarchocapitalism [sic], is simply the economic form of the libertarian ethic. Laissez-faire capitalism encompasses the notion that men should exchange goods and services, without regulation, solely on the basis of value for value. It recognizes charity and communal enterprises as voluntary versions of this same ethic. Such a system would be straight barter, except for the widely felt need for a division of labor in which men, voluntarily, accept value tokens such as cash and credit. Economically, this system is anarchy, and proudly so.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Far%C3%A9%27s+Home+Page&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Politics&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hess&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffare.tunes.org%2Fbooks%2FHess%2Fdop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson2015-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2015_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Charles (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://c4ss.org/content/39997">"Karl Hess on Anarcho-Capitalism"</a>. Center for a Stateless Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004131548/https://c4ss.org/content/39997">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023. <q>In fact, the earliest documented, printed use of the word "anarcho-capitalism" that I can find [...] actually comes neither from Wollstein nor from Rothbard, but from Karl Hess's manifesto "The Death of Politics," which was published in Playboy in March, 1969.]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+a+Stateless+Society&rft.atitle=Karl+Hess+on+Anarcho-Capitalism&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fc4ss.org%2Fcontent%2F39997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leeson-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Leeson_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeson2017" class="citation book cs1">Leeson, Robert (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Hayek: A Collaborative Biography, Part IX: The Divine Right of the 'Free' Market</a>. Springer. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5"><bdi>978-3-319-60708-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425065230/https://books.google.com/books?id=_pQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved November 27, 2023. <q>To the original 'anarchocapitalist' (Rothbard coined the term) [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hayek%3A+A+Collaborative+Biography%2C+Part+IX%3A+The+Divine+Right+of+the+%27Free%27+Market&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-60708-5&rft.aulast=Leeson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pQ4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flood2010-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flood2010_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood2010_118-1">b</a> Flood, Anthony (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anthonyflood.com/rothbardknowyourrights.htm">Untitled preface to Rothbard's "Know Your Rights"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811135031/http://anthonyflood.com/rothbardknowyourrights.htm">Archived</a> August 11, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, originally published in WIN: Peace and Freedom through Nonviolent Action, Volume 7, No. 4, 1 March 1971, 6–10. Flood's quote: "Rothbard's neologism, 'anarchocapitalism,' probably makes its first appearance in print here." </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3">978-0-631-17944-3</a>, p. 290; quote: "A student and disciple of the Austrian economist Ludwig von Mises, Rothbard combined the laissez-faire economics of his teacher with the absolutist views of human rights and rejection of the state he had absorbed from studying the individualist American anarchists of the 19th century such as Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker." </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Leeson2017" class="citation book cs1">Robert Leeson (2017). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography, Part IX: The Divine Right of the 'Free' Market. Springer. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-60708-5"><bdi>978-3-319-60708-5</bdi></a>. <q>To the original 'anarchocapitalist' (Rothbard coined the term) [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hayek%3A+A+Collaborative+Biography%2C+Part+IX%3A+The+Divine+Right+of+the+%27Free%27+Market&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-60708-5&rft.au=Robert+Leeson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-H-H_Hoppe-121"><a href="#cite_ref-H-H_Hoppe_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe, Hans-Hermann</a> (December 31, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html">"Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111070712/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anarcho-Capitalism%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliography&rft.date=2001-12-31&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Hans-Hermann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Fhoppe%2Fhoppe5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Rockwell, Llewellyn (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">"Murray N. Rothbard: In Memoriam."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074229/http://library.freecapitalists.org/books/Murray%20N%20Rothbard/memoriam.pdf">Archived</a> December 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> p. 117 </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_of_Libertarianism_by_Hamowy-123"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_of_Libertarianism_by_Hamowy_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Hamowy2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Ronald Hamowy</a>, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&q=libertarian+encyclopedia">The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</a>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. p. 623. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415022033/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&q=libertarian+encyclopedia">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=623&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26q%3Dlibertarian%2Bencyclopedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2007" class="citation news cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (August 17, 2007). "Floyd Arthur 'Baldy' Harper, RIP". Mises Daily.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mises+Daily&rft.atitle=Floyd+Arthur+%27Baldy%27+Harper%2C+RIP&rft.date=2007-08-17&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(political_theorist)" title="David Miller (political theorist)">Miller, David</a>, ed. (1991). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-17944-3"><bdi>978-0-631-17944-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blackwell+Encyclopaedia+of+Political+Thought&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-631-17944-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stringham2007-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stringham2007_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stringham2007_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStringham2007" class="citation book cs1">Stringham, Edward Peter (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=241124005024104084119023003122010066007003009040033092067067101077117023028084030102114017055054029044016124100023087125120022008000007082048031117095082018065072020041095026023125102088018095067108021106075117108123010108108003084003077099006003082&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE">"Chapter 1: Introduction"</a>. Anarchy and the Law: The Political Economy of Choice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Introduction&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+the+Law%3A+The+Political+Economy+of+Choice&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Stringham&rft.aufirst=Edward+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeliverypdf.ssrn.com%2Fdelivery.php%3FID%3D241124005024104084119023003122010066007003009040033092067067101077117023028084030102114017055054029044016124100023087125120022008000007082048031117095082018065072020041095026023125102088018095067108021106075117108123010108108003084003077099006003082%26EXT%3Dpdf%26INDEX%3DTRUE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crocetta-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetta_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crocetta_126-1">b</a> Roberta Modugno Crocetta, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/scholar/roberta.pdf">Murray Rothbard's anarcho-capitalism in the contemporary debate. A critical defense</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110173459/http://mises.org/journals/scholar/roberta.pdf">Archived</a> November 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Von Mises Institute">Ludwig Von Mises Institute</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Exclusive_Interview-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Exclusive_Interview_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1972" class="citation journal cs1">Oliver, Michael (February 25, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard103.html">"Exclusive Interview With Murray Rothbard"</a>. The New Banner: A Fortnightly Libertarian Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150618045309/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard103.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2016. <q>Capitalism is the fullest expression of anarchism, and anarchism is the fullest expression of capitalism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Banner%3A+A+Fortnightly+Libertarian+Journal&rft.atitle=Exclusive+Interview+With+Murray+Rothbard&rft.date=1972-02-25&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Frothbard103.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Are_Libertarians_'Anarchists'-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Are_Libertarians_'Anarchists'_128-0">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1950s). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard167.html">"Are Libertarians 'Anarchists'?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113130534/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard167.html">Archived</a> January 13, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Lew Rockwell.com. Retrieved September 4, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Ikeda, Sanford, Dynamics of the Mixed Economy: Toward a Theory of Interventionism, Routledge UK, 1997, p. 245. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Rothbard, Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap14.asp">Chapter 2 "Fundamentals of Intervention"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010730/https://mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap14.asp">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from Man, Economy and State, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Peter G. Klein, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/story/2318">"Why Intellectuals Still Support Socialism"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430203330/http://mises.org/story/2318">Archived</a> April 30, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>, November 15, 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap19.asp">Man, Economy, and State, Chapter 7 – Conclusion: Economics and Public Policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010150/https://www.mises.org/rothbard/mes/chap19.asp">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Von Mises Institute">Ludwig Von Mises Institute</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2017" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/book/progressive-era">The Progressive Era</a>. Auburn, AL: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig von Mises Institute">Ludwig von Mises Institute</a>. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610166744" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610166744"><bdi>978-1610166744</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023131723/https://cdn.mises.org/The%20Progressive%20Era_0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Progressive+Era&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1610166744&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fbook%2Fprogressive-era&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Murray N. Rothbard (August 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/2225">"Origins of the Welfare State in America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141011063900/http://mises.org/daily/2225">Archived</a> October 11, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. mises.org. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418134336/https://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch69.html">"The Great Thomas & Hill Show: Stopping the Monstrous Regiment"</a>. archive.lewrockwell.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch69.html">the original</a> on April 18, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.lewrockwell.com&rft.atitle=The+Great+Thomas+%26+Hill+Show%3A+Stopping+the+Monstrous+Regiment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Fir%2FCh69.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2015/11/lew-rockwell/open-borders-assault-private-property/">"Open Borders Are an Assault on Private Property – LewRockwell LewRockwell.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604161028/https://www.lewrockwell.com/2015/11/lew-rockwell/open-borders-assault-private-property/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Borders+Are+an+Assault+on+Private+Property+%E2%80%93+LewRockwell+LewRockwell.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2F2015%2F11%2Flew-rockwell%2Fopen-borders-assault-private-property%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524131828/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch5.html">"Right-Wing Populism"</a>. archive.lewrockwell.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch5.html">the original</a> on May 24, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.lewrockwell.com&rft.atitle=Right-Wing+Populism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Fir%2FCh5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJensen2022325–326-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJensen2022325–326_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJensen2022">Jensen 2022</a>, p. 325–326. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Rothbard, Murray N. (February 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/their-malcolm-and-mine/">"Their Malcolm ... and Mine."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330013408/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/their-malcolm-and-mine/">Archived</a> March 30, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> LewRockwell.com </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (November 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch16.html">"Big-Government Libertarians."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131223653/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/ir/Ch16.html">Archived</a> January 31, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> LewRockwell.com </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStromberg2005" class="citation web cs1">Stromberg, Joseph R. (January 10, 2005) [first published June 12, 2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4296">"Murray Rothbard on States, War, and Peace: Part I"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antiwar.com" title="Antiwar.com">Antiwar.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823091728/http://antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4296">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Murray+Rothbard+on+States%2C+War%2C+and+Peace%3A+Part+I&rft.pub=Antiwar.com&rft.date=2005-01-10&rft.aulast=Stromberg&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantiwar.com%2Fstromberg%2F%3Farticleid%3D4296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Also see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4420">Part II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417215914/http://antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4420">Archived</a> April 17, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, originally published June 20, 2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> See both essays: Rothbard, Murray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard26.html">"War, Peace, and the State"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515223625/http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard26.html">Archived</a> May 15, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, first published 1963; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard62.html">"Anatomy of the State"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120908063653/http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard62.html">Archived</a> September 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, first published 1974. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Stromberg, Joseph (June 12, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4296">"Murray N. Rothbard on States, War, and Peace: Part I."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823091728/http://antiwar.com/stromberg/?articleid=4296">Archived</a> August 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Antiwar.com </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/whats-a-just-war/">"Just War."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130713063612/http://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/whats-a-just-war/">Archived</a> July 13, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Denson, J. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0MJCDZBbxJcC">Costs of War: America's Pyrrhic Victories</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527101804/https://books.google.com/books/about/Costs_of_War.html?id=0MJCDZBbxJcC">Archived</a> May 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (pp. 119–33). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Dilorenzo,_Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dilorenzo, Thomas">Dilorenzo, Thomas</a> (January 28, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/more-from-rothbard-on-war-religion-and-the-state/">"More from Rothbard on War, Religion, and the State."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203050801/http://www.lewrockwell.com/lrc-blog/more-from-rothbard-on-war-religion-and-the-state/">Archived</a> February 3, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> LewRockwell.com </li> <li id="cite_note-Denson1999-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Denson1999_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenson1999" class="citation book cs1">Denson, John V. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aSOZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">The Costs of War: America's Pyrrhic Victories</a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0487-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7658-0487-7"><bdi>978-0-7658-0487-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016074010/https://books.google.com/books?id=aSOZAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Costs+of+War%3A+America%27s+Pyrrhic+Victories&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0487-7&rft.aulast=Denson&rft.aufirst=John+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaSOZAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barr2014-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Barr2014_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2014" class="citation book cs1">Barr, John McKee (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gvPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA265">Loathing Lincoln: An American Tradition from the Civil War to the Present</a>. LSU Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-5384-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8071-5384-0"><bdi>978-0-8071-5384-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016074127/https://books.google.com/books?id=gvPpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA265">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loathing+Lincoln%3A+An+American+Tradition+from+the+Civil+War+to+the+Present&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8071-5384-0&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=John+McKee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgvPpAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_149-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_149-2">c</a> Rothbard, Murray (February 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/1541/">"The Case for Revisionism."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914001700/https://mises.org/daily/1541/">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Mises.org </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaimondo2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Raimondo" title="Justin Raimondo">Raimondo, Justin</a> (2000). An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. pp. 15, 62, 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-239-0"><bdi>978-1-61592-239-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43541222">43541222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Enemy+of+the+State%3A+The+Life+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pages=15%2C+62%2C+141&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43541222&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-239-0&rft.aulast=Raimondo&rft.aufirst=Justin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Raimondo describes Rothbard as a "champion of Henry Elmer Barnes, the dean of world-war revisionism". </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes_RIP-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_RIP_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2007" class="citation web cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (2007) [1968]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017030255/http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard165.html">"Harry Elmer Barnes, RIP"</a>. Ludwig von Mises Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard165.html">the original</a> on October 17, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Elmer+Barnes%2C+RIP&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2Frothbard%2Frothbard165.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Article originally appeared in <a href="/wiki/Left_and_Right:_A_Journal_of_Libertarian_Thought" title="Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought">Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-152"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_152-0">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903114940/https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/cold-war-myths/">"Harry Elmer Barnes as Revisionist of the Cold War."</a> In: Harry Elmer Barnes: Learned Crusader, edited by A.E. Goddard. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/1970/01/murray-n-rothbard/cold-war-myths/">the original.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaico2010" class="citation web cs1">Raico, Ralph (May 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/daily/4436/Murray-Rothbard-at-His-Semicentennial">"Rothbard at his Semi-Centennial"</a>. Mises Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110032255/http://mises.org/daily/4436/Murray-Rothbard-at-His-Semicentennial">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rothbard+at+his+Semi-Centennial&rft.pub=Mises+Institute&rft.date=2010-05-23&rft.aulast=Raico&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fdaily%2F4436%2FMurray-Rothbard-at-His-Semicentennial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry1999" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Marvin (1999). "Libertarian Forum 1969–1986". In Lora, Ronald; Longton, William Henry (eds.). The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ioakmq8yxA4C&pg=PA372">372</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21390-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-21390-8"><bdi>978-0-313-21390-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Forum+1969%E2%80%931986&rft.btitle=The+Conservative+Press+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-313-21390-8&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1967" class="citation journal cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (Autumn 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/lar/pdfs/3_3/3_3_4.pdf">"War Guilt in the Middle East"</a> (PDF). Left and Right. 3 (3): 20–30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012124114/http://www.mises.org/journals/lar/pdfs/3_3/3_3_4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Left+and+Right&rft.atitle=War+Guilt+in+the+Middle+East&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=20-30&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Flar%2Fpdfs%2F3_3%2F3_3_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard2007" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (2007). Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought (The Complete Edition, 1965–1968). Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-040-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61016-040-7"><bdi>978-1-61016-040-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/741754456">741754456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Left+and+Right%3A+A+Journal+of+Libertarian+Thought+%28The+Complete+Edition%2C+1965%E2%80%931968%29&rft.place=Auburn%2C+AL&rft.pub=Ludwig+von+Mises+Institute&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F741754456&rft.isbn=978-1-61016-040-7&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard1994" class="citation journal cs1">Rothbard, Murray N. (April 1994). "The Vital Importance of Separation". The Rothbard-Rockwell Report.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Rothbard-Rockwell+Report&rft.atitle=The+Vital+Importance+of+Separation&rft.date=1994-04&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.aufirst=Murray+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1991" class="citation web cs1">Walker, John (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910134053/http://www.l4l.org/library/chilroth.html">"Children's Rights versus Murray Rothbard's The Ethics of Liberty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Libertarians_for_Life" title="Libertarians for Life">Libertarians for Life</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.l4l.org/library/chilroth.html">the original</a> on September 10, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children%27s+Rights+versus+Murray+Rothbard%27s+The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.pub=Libertarians+for+Life&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.l4l.org%2Flibrary%2Fchilroth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Children_and_Rights-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Children_and_Rights_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Children_and_Rights_158-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Children_and_Rights_158-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray_N_Rothbard1982" class="citation book cs1">Murray N Rothbard (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethicsofliberty00roth">"14 'Children and Rights'"</a>. The Ethics of Liberty. LvMI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814775592" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814775592"><bdi>978-0814775592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14+%27Children+and+Rights%27&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.pub=LvMI&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0814775592&rft.au=Murray+N+Rothbard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fethicsofliberty00roth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (editor) (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109234738/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">Archived</a> 2023-01-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>, Sage, pp. 59–61, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4">978-1-4129-6580-4</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/233969448">233969448</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Callahan-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Callahan_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Callahan_160-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Callahan_160-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallahan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Callahan, Gene (February 2013). "Liberty versus Libertarianism". <a href="/wiki/Politics,_Philosophy_%26_Economics_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics, Philosophy & Economics (journal)">Politics, Philosophy & Economics</a>. 12 (1): 48–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1470594X11433739">10.1177/1470594X11433739</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1470-594X">1470-594X</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/828009007">828009007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144062406">144062406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politics%2C+Philosophy+%26+Economics&rft.atitle=Liberty+versus+Libertarianism&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-67&rft.date=2013-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F828009007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144062406%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1470-594X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1470594X11433739&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=Gene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard,_Murray1998" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/thirteen.asp">"Punishment and Proportionality"</a>. The Ethics of Liberty. New York University Press. pp. 85–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6"><bdi>978-0-8147-7506-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117215622/http://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/thirteen.asp">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Punishment+and+Proportionality&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.pages=85-97&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-7506-6&rft.au=Rothbard%2C+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Frothbard%2Fethics%2Fthirteen.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-162"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_162-0">^</a> Morimura, Susumu (1999). "Libertarian theories of punishment." In P. Smith & P. Comanducci (Eds.), Legal Philosophy: General Aspects: Theoretical Examinations and Practical Application (pp. 135–38). New York: Franz Steiner Verlag. </li> <li id="cite_note-SelfDefense-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SelfDefense_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SelfDefense_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothbard,_Murray1998" class="citation book cs1">Rothbard, Murray (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/twelve.asp">"Self-Defense"</a>. The Ethics of Liberty. New York University Press. pp. 77–84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-7506-6"><bdi>978-0-8147-7506-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914010256/https://mises.org/rothbard/ethics/twelve.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Self-Defense&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Liberty&rft.pages=77-84&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-7506-6&rft.au=Rothbard%2C+Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Frothbard%2Fethics%2Ftwelve.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Rothbard, Murray (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/mantle.asp">"The Mantle of Science."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914002839/https://mises.org/rothbard/mantle.asp">Archived</a> September 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Reprinted from Scientism and Values, Helmut Schoeck and James W. Wiggins, eds. (Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand), 1960, pp. 159–80, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0405004360" title="Special:BookSources/978-0405004360">978-0405004360</a>; The Logic of Action One: Method, Money, and the Austrian School (Cheltenham UK: Edward Elgar, 1997), pp. 3–23. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1858980157" title="Special:BookSources/978-1858980157">978-1858980157</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlock2003" class="citation journal cs1">Block, Walter E. (Spring 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702052835/http://mises.org/journals/jls/17_2/17_2_3.pdf">"Toward a Libertarian Theory of Inalienability: A Critique of Rothbard, Barnett, Gordon, Smith, Kinsella and Epstein"</a> (PDF). Journal of Libertarian Studies. 17 (2). <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1889456">1889456</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/jls/17_2/17_2_3.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on July 2, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Libertarian+Studies&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Libertarian+Theory+of+Inalienability%3A+A+Critique+of+Rothbard%2C+Barnett%2C+Gordon%2C+Smith%2C+Kinsella+and+Epstein&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1889456%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Walter+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Fjls%2F17_2%2F17_2_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoettke1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boettke" title="Peter Boettke">Boettke, Peter</a> (Fall–Winter 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925180608/http://www.rothbard.it/su%20rothbard/boettke-economists-and-liberty-r.pdf">"Economists and Liberty: Murray N. Rothbard"</a> (PDF). Nomos: 29–34, 49–50. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0078-0979">0078-0979</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1760419">1760419</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rothbard.it/su%20rothbard/boettke-economists-and-liberty-r.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 25, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nomos&rft.atitle=Economists+and+Liberty%3A+Murray+N.+Rothbard&rft.chron=fall%E2%80%93winter&rft.pages=29-34%2C+49-50&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1760419&rft.issn=0078-0979&rft.aulast=Boettke&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rothbard.it%2Fsu%2520rothbard%2Fboettke-economists-and-liberty-r.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Doherty, Brian</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58648-350-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58648-350-1">1-58648-350-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrech1973" class="citation journal cs1">Frech, H.E. (1973). "The public choice theory of Murray N. Rothbard, a modern anarchist". Public Choice. 14: 143–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01718450">10.1007/BF01718450</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30022711">30022711</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154133800">154133800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Choice&rft.atitle=The+public+choice+theory+of+Murray+N.+Rothbard%2C+a+modern+anarchist&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=143-53&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154133800%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30022711%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01718450&rft.aulast=Frech&rft.aufirst=H.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudík2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hudík, Marek (2011). "Rothbardian demand: A critique". The Review of Austrian Economics. 24 (3): 311–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11138-011-0147-3">10.1007/s11138-011-0147-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153559003">153559003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Austrian+Economics&rft.atitle=Rothbardian+demand%3A+A+critique&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=311-18&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11138-011-0147-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153559003%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hud%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Marek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2004" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Daniel B. (Fall 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0029">"Mere Libertarianism: Blending Hayek and Rothbard"</a>. Reason Papers. 27: 7–43. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=473601">473601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reason+Papers&rft.atitle=Mere+Libertarianism%3A+Blending+Hayek+and+Rothbard&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=7-43&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D473601%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Daniel+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2FEconPapers.repec.org%2FRePEc%3Ahhs%3Aratioi%3A0029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPack1998" class="citation journal cs1">Pack, Spencer J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402040030/http://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/Q11_5.pdf">"Murray Rothbard's Adam Smith"</a> (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. 1 (1): 73–79. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12113-998-1004-5">10.1007/s12113-998-1004-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153815373">153815373</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/qjae/pdf/Q11_5.PDF">the original</a> (PDF) on April 2, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Austrian+Economics&rft.atitle=Murray+Rothbard%27s+Adam+Smith&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-79&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12113-998-1004-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153815373%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pack&rft.aufirst=Spencer+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Fqjae%2Fpdf%2FQ11_5.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTouchstone2010" class="citation journal cs1">Touchstone, Kathleen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020023733/http://libertarianpapers.org/articles/2010/lp-2-18.pdf">"Rand, Rothbard, and Rights Reconsidered"</a> (PDF). Libertarian Papers. 2 (18): 28. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/820597333">820597333</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libertarianpapers.org/articles/2010/lp-2-18.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 20, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libertarian+Papers&rft.atitle=Rand%2C+Rothbard%2C+and+Rights+Reconsidered&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=28&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F820597333&rft.aulast=Touchstone&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibertarianpapers.org%2Farticles%2F2010%2Flp-2-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurray+Rothbard" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Rothbard&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297079" class="extiw" title="d:Q297079">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/rothbard/Bibliography1.PDF">Murray Rothbard full bibliography</a> at Mises.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=_7kriXsAAAAJ">Murray Rothbard</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Murray_Rothbard" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Murray_Rothbard" title="Template:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Murray_Rothbard" title="Template talk:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Murray_Rothbard" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Murray Rothbard"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Murray_Rothbard" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murray Rothbard</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy,_and_State" title="Man, Economy, and State">Man, Economy, and State</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Panic_of_1819_(book)" title="The Panic of 1819 (book)">The Panic of 1819</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Depression" title="America's Great Depression">America's Great Depression</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Has_Government_Done_to_Our_Money%3F" title="What Has Government Done to Our Money?">What Has Government Done to Our Money?</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_and_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Power and Market">Power and Market</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism_as_a_Revolt_Against_Nature_and_Other_Essays" title="Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays">Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a> (1975–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Banking" title="The Mystery of Banking">The Mystery of Banking</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_the_Fed" title="The Case Against the Fed">The Case Against the Fed</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Austrian_Perspective_on_the_History_of_Economic_Thought" title="An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought">An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Money_and_Banking_in_the_United_States" title="A History of Money and Banking in the United States">A History of Money and Banking in the United States</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Complete Libertarian Forum</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_and_Right:_A_Journal_of_Libertarian_Thought" title="Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought">Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought (Complete, 1965–1968)</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Libertarian_Forum" title="The Libertarian Forum">The Libertarian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Review_of_Austrian_Economics" title="The Review of Austrian Economics">The Review of Austrian Economics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anarcho-capitalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Template:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Template talk:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anarcho-capitalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anarcho-capitalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school_of_economics" title="Austrian school of economics">Austrian school of economics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marginalism" title="Marginalism">Marginalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value" title="Subjective theory of value">Subjective theory of value</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Liberal_School" class="mw-redirect" title="French Liberal School">French Liberal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_property" title="Labor theory of property">Labor theory of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiocracy" title="Physiocracy">Physiocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism</a></li></ul></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism#Anarcho-capitalism_and_other_anarchist_schools" title="Anarcho-capitalism"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/100px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg/150px-Flag_of_Anarcho-capitalism.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_roads" title="Free-market roads">Free-market roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisdictional_arbitrage" title="Jurisdictional arbitrage">Jurisdictional arbitrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_army" title="Private army">Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_military_contractors" title="List of private military contractors">list</a>), <a href="/wiki/Private_intelligence_agency" title="Private intelligence agency">Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Investigator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_private_security_companies" title="List of private security companies">Security</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights_(economics)" title="Property rights (economics)">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Right to property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalists" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Bryan Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Casey_(philosopher)" title="Gerard Casey (philosopher)">Gerard Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_Jasay" title="Anthony de Jasay">Anthony de Jasay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">David D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Michael Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Stephan Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Malice" title="Michael Malice">Michael Malice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" title="Robert P. Murphy">Robert P. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murray Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Joseph Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Tucker" title="Jeffrey Tucker">Jeffrey Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Tom Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy:_The_God_That_Failed" title="Democracy: The God That Failed">Democracy: The God That Failed</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voluntary_City" title="The Voluntary City">The Voluntary City</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a> (2012)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_anarcho-capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Criticism of anarcho-capitalism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States#Debate" title="Estate tax in the United States">Inheritance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-libertarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-libertarianism">Paleo-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarcho-capitalism" title="Category:Anarcho-capitalism">Category</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austrian_school_economics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_School_economics" title="Template:Austrian School economics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_School_economics" title="Template talk:Austrian School economics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_School_economics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian School economics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austrian_school_economics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian school">Austrian school</a> economics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Classical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_liberal_school" title="French liberal school">French liberal school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Frédéric Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Jean-Baptiste Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">Gustave de Molinari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_von_B%C3%B6hm-Bawerk" title="Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk">Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Menger" title="Carl Menger">Carl Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wieser" title="Friedrich von Wieser">Friedrich von Wieser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_L._Benson" title="Bruce L. Benson">Bruce L. Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Walter Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Boettke" title="Peter Boettke">Peter Boettke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">Thomas DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fetter" title="Frank Fetter">Frank Fetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Garrison" title="Roger Garrison">Roger Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Haberler" title="Gottfried Haberler">Gottfried Haberler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Henry Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Higgs" title="Robert Higgs">Robert Higgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hans-Hermann Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Horwitz" title="Steven Horwitz">Steven Horwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Huerta_de_Soto" title="Jesús Huerta de Soto">Jesús Huerta de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Kirzner" title="Israel Kirzner">Israel Kirzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Lachmann" title="Ludwig Lachmann">Ludwig Lachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Leeson" title="Peter Leeson">Peter Leeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Machlup" title="Fritz Machlup">Fritz Machlup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Murphy" title="Robert P. Murphy">Robert Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Peterson" title="William H. Peterson">William H. Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Prychitko" title="David Prychitko">David Prychitko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Reed" title="Lawrence Reed">Larry Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reisman" title="George Reisman">George Reisman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ritter_von_Strigl" title="Richard Ritter von Strigl">Richard Ritter von Strigl</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murray Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Salerno" title="Joseph T. Salerno">Joseph Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Mark Skousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Tintner" title="Gerhard Tintner">Gerhard Tintner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian-school_economists" title="List of Austrian-school economists">List of Austrian-school economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Use_of_Knowledge_in_Society" title="The Use of Knowledge in Society">The Use of Knowledge in Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libertarianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarianism" title="Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarianism" title="Template talk:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_liberalism" title="History of liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Libertarian capitalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Conservative libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_transhumanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian transhumanism">Libertarian transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-classical_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-classical liberalism">Neo-classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_communism" title="Anarchist communism">communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">agorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian communism">libertarian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">philosophical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho syndicalism">syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstention" title="Abstention">Abstention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_freedom" title="Artistic freedom">Artistic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-anarchism">Crypto-anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization_of_sex_work" title="Decriminalization of sex work">Decriminalization of sex work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expropriative_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Expropriative anarchism">Expropriative anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism#Federalism_and_localism_in_anarchist_political_theory" title="Federalism">Federalism (anarchist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_(Marxism_and_anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free association (Marxism and anarchism)">Free association (Marxism and anarchism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#Libertarian" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_choice" title="Freedom of choice">Freedom of choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_conscience" title="Freedom of conscience">Freedom of conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">Freedom of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">Freedom of thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_reclamation" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual reclamation">Individual reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)" title="Libertarianism (metaphysics)">Libertarianism (metaphysics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">Reproductive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%C3%A9jacque" title="Joseph Déjacque">Déjacque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Daniel Guérin">Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right-wing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberon_Herbert" title="Auberon Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">von Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_de_Molinari" title="Gustave de Molinari">de Molinari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Simon" title="Julian Simon">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">de La Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Farage" title="Nigel Farage">Farage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Korwin-Mikke" title="Janusz Korwin-Mikke">Korwin-Mikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_affirmative_action" title="Libertarian perspectives on affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Political alliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_War_on_Drugs" title="Legality of the War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law,_Legislation_and_Liberty" title="Law, Legislation and Liberty">Law, Legislation and Liberty</a> (1973–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-collectivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-collectivism">Anti-collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Anti-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Libertarian_Studies" title="Center for Libertarian Studies">Center for Libertarian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_liberalism" title="Cultural liberalism">Cultural liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice" title="Public choice">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Technolibertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/28px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/42px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/56px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_philosophy" title="Template:Political philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_philosophy" title="Template talk:Political philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People" title="People">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_politic" title="Body politic">Body politic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a model for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">Monopoly on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_lie" title="Noble lie">Noble lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_position" title="Original position">Original position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_window" title="Overton window">Overton window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">State of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_philosophers" title="List of political philosophers">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_political_philosophy" title="Plato's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbes%27s_moral_and_political_philosophy" title="Hobbes's moral and political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal%27s_political_philosophy" title="Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy_of_Immanuel_Kant" title="Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Laclau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Mouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a> (c. 375 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a> (c. 350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_re_publica" title="De re publica">De re publica</a> (51 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a> (c. 1274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a> (1313)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a> (1532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a> (1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a> (1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_the_Revolution_in_France" title="Reflections on the Revolution in France">Reflections on the Revolution in France</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Man" title="Rights of Man">Rights of Man</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a> (1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Liberty" title="On Liberty">On Liberty</a> (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Masses" title="The Revolt of the Masses">The Revolt of the Masses</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">The Road to Serfdom</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Open Society and Its Enemies">The Open Society and Its Enemies</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism" title="The Origins of Totalitarianism">The Origins of Totalitarianism</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice" title="A Theory of Justice">A Theory of Justice</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man" title="The End of History and the Last Man">The End of History and the Last Man</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism and individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_theories" title="Conflict theories">Conflict theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractualism" title="Contractualism">Contractualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_thought" title="History of political thought">History of political thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_for_the_state" title="Justification for the state">Justification for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ethics" title="Political ethics">Political ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Index of social and political philosophy articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_philosophy" title="Category:Political philosophy">Category:Political philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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