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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Marriage and early career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_early_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_Minneapolis_(1945–1948)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_Minneapolis_(1945–1948)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mayor of Minneapolis (1945–1948)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_Minneapolis_(1945–1948)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1948_Democratic_National_Convention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1948_Democratic_National_Convention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1948 Democratic National Convention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1948_Democratic_National_Convention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Senate_(1949–1964)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Senate_(1949–1964)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>United States Senate (1949–1964)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Senate_(1949–1964)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Presidential and vice-presidential ambitions (1952–1964)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Presidential and vice-presidential ambitions (1952–1964) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vice_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Vice presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Vice President-elect of the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1965–1969)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidency_(1965–1969)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vice presidency (1965–1969)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vice_presidency_(1965–1969)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vice presidency (1965–1969) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1965–1969)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Civil rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Foreign trips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1968_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1968_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>1968 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1968_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chicago_riots_and_party_fallout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chicago_riots_and_party_fallout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Chicago riots and party fallout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chicago_riots_and_party_fallout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-vice_presidency_(1969–1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-vice_presidency_(1969–1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Post-vice presidency (1969–1978)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-vice_presidency_(1969–1978)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-vice presidency (1969–1978) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-vice_presidency_(1969–1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teaching_and_return_to_the_Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_and_return_to_the_Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Teaching and return to the Senate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_and_return_to_the_Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Senate_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Senate_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Fourth Senate term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Senate_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1972_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1972_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>1972 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1972_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1976_presidential_election_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1976_presidential_election_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>1976 presidential election activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1976_presidential_election_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Senate_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Senate_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Fifth Senate term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Senate_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_Senate_(1977–1978)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_Senate_(1977–1978)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Deputy President pro tempore of the Senate (1977–1978)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_Senate_(1977–1978)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Death and funeral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Honors and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Namesakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Namesakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Namesakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Namesakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fellowship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellowship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.1</span> <span>Fellowship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellowship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1.2</span> <span>Buildings and institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Portrayals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References and further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References_and_further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References and further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References_and_further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubert Humphrey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="هيوبرت همفري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيوبرت همفري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyubert_Hamfri" title="Hyubert Hamfri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hyubert Hamfri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیوبرت هامفری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیوبرت هامفری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Х’юберт Харэйша Хамфры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Х’юберт Харэйша Хамфры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey" title="Hubert H. Humphrey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hubert H. Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey" title="Hubert H. Humphrey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hubert H. Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="هیوبرت هامفری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیوبرت هامفری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%97%98%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC" title="휴버트 험프리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="휴버트 험프리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey" title="Hubert H. Humphrey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hubert H. Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99" title="יוברט האמפרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוברט האמפרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰუბერტ ჰამფრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰუბერტ ჰამფრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubertus_Horatius_Humphrey" title="Hubertus Horatius Humphrey – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hubertus Horatius Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C5%ABberts_Hamfrijs" title="Hjūberts Hamfrijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hjūberts Hamfrijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86" title="ഹ്യുബർട് ഹംഫ്രെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹ്യുബർട് ഹംഫ്രെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A._%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="ह्युबर्ट एच. हम्फ्री – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ह्युबर्ट एच. हम्फ्री" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰუბერტ ჰამფრი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰუბერტ ჰამფრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%89" title="هيوبرت همفرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيوبرت همفرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ဟျူးဘာ့တ် ဟမ်းဖရေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟျူးဘာ့တ် ဟမ်းဖရေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BBH%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ヒューバート・H・ハンフリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒューバート・H・ハンフリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A5%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Хамфри, Хьюберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хамфри, Хьюберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хјуберт Хамфри – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хјуберт Хамфри" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ฮิวเบิร์ต ฮัมเฟรย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิวเบิร์ต ฮัมเฟรย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%27%D1%8E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D1%80%D1%96" title="Г'юберт Гамфрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Г'юберт Гамфрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DB%81%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ہیوبرٹ ہمفری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیوبرٹ ہمفری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1" title="休伯特·汉弗莱 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="休伯特·汉弗莱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hubert Humphrey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%BC%A2%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A" title="休伯特漢弗萊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="休伯特漢弗萊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1" title="休伯特·汉弗莱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="休伯特·汉弗莱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209989#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Hubert Humphrey, see <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hubert Humphrey (disambiguation)">Hubert Humphrey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Hubert Humphrey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/220px-Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/330px-Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg/440px-Hubert_Humphrey_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4144" data-file-height="4932" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1965</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">38th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Lyndon B. Johnson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate#Deputy_president_pro_tempore" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 5, 1977 – January 13, 1978</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Whip</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1961 – December 29, 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mike Mansfield</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1971 – January 13, 1978</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Muriel Humphrey Brown">Muriel Humphrey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1949 – December 29, 1964</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Joseph H. Ball</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">35th <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis" title="List of mayors of Minneapolis">Mayor of Minneapolis</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 2, 1945 – November 30, 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Kline" title="Marvin L. Kline">Marvin L. Kline</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_G._Hoyer" title="Eric G. Hoyer">Eric G. Hoyer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr.</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1911-05-27</span>)</span>May 27, 1911<br /><a href="/wiki/Wallace,_South_Dakota" title="Wallace, South Dakota">Wallace, South Dakota</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 13, 1978<span style="display:none">(1978-01-13)</span> (aged 66)<br /><a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Minnesota" title="Waverly, Minnesota">Waverly, Minnesota</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Cemetery" title="Lakewood Cemetery">Lakewood Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">DFL</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Muriel Humphrey Brown">Muriel Buck</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="September 3, 1936">1936</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Skip_Humphrey" title="Skip Humphrey">Skip</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hubert Humphrey's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg/128px-Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg/192px-Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg/256px-Hubert_H_Humphrey_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="163" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr.</b> (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician and statesman who served as the 38th <a href="/wiki/Vice_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice president of the United States">vice president of the United States</a> from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>, representing <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> from 1949 to 1964 and again from 1971 to 1978. As a senator he was a major leader of <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">modern liberalism in the United States</a>. As President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>'s vice president, he supported the controversial <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. An intensely divided <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> nominated him in the <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968 presidential election</a>, which he lost to <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Wallace,_South_Dakota" title="Wallace, South Dakota">Wallace, South Dakota</a>, Humphrey attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. In 1943, he became a professor of political science at <a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester College</a> and ran a failed campaign for <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis" title="List of mayors of Minneapolis">mayor of Minneapolis</a>. He helped found the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party</a> (DFL) in 1944; the next year he was elected mayor of Minneapolis, serving until 1948 and co-founding the <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">left-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">non-communist</a> group <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> in 1947. In 1948, he was elected to the U.S. Senate and successfully advocated for the inclusion of a proposal to end <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Democratic National Convention</a>'s party platform.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_1948_DNC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian_1948_DNC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey served three terms in the Senate from 1949 to 1964, and was the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Whip">Senate Majority Whip</a> for the last four years of his tenure. During this time, he was the lead author of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, introduced the first initiative to create the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>, and chaired the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Select_Committee_on_Disarmament" title="United States Senate Select Committee on Disarmament">Select Committee on Disarmament</a>. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1952">1952</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1960">1960</a>. After Lyndon B. Johnson acceded to the presidency, he chose Humphrey as his running mate, and the Democratic ticket won a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 election</a>. </p><p>In March 1968, Johnson made his surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection, and Humphrey launched <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">his campaign for the presidency</a>. Loyal to the Johnson administration's policies on the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, he received opposition from many within his own party and avoided the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1968">primaries</a> to focus on winning the delegates of non-primary states at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">Democratic National Convention</a>. His delegate strategy succeeded in clinching the nomination, and he chose Senator <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> as his running mate. In the general election, he nearly matched Nixon's tally in the popular vote but lost the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral vote</a> by a wide margin. After the defeat, he <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1970 United States Senate election in Minnesota">returned to the Senate</a> and served from 1971 until his death in 1978. He ran again in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1972">1972 Democratic primaries</a> but lost to <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> and declined to be McGovern's running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-Nixonland_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nixonland-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1977 to 1978, he served as <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <p>Humphrey was born in a room over his father's drugstore in <a href="/wiki/Wallace,_South_Dakota" title="Wallace, South Dakota">Wallace, South Dakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198435_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198435-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Ragnild Kristine Sannes (1883–1973), a <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian</a> immigrant,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hubert Horatio Humphrey Sr. (1882–1949).<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Family_Tree_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Family_Tree-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey spent most of his youth in <a href="/wiki/Doland,_South_Dakota" title="Doland, South Dakota">Doland, South Dakota</a>, on the Dakota prairie; the town's population was about 600. His father was a licensed pharmacist and merchant who served as mayor and a town council member. The father also served briefly in the South Dakota state legislature and was a South Dakota delegate to the <a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944</a> and <a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948</a> Democratic National Conventions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198441_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198441-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198453_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198453-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1920s, a severe economic downturn hit Doland; both banks in the town closed and Humphrey's father struggled to keep his store open.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198444_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198444-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg/170px-Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg/255px-Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg/340px-Humphrey-pharmacy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Humphrey practicing pharmacy in his father's drugstore</figcaption></figure> <p>After his son graduated from Doland's high school, Hubert Sr. left Doland and opened a new drugstore in the larger town of <a href="/wiki/Huron,_South_Dakota" title="Huron, South Dakota">Huron, South Dakota</a> (population 11,000), where he hoped to improve his fortunes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the family's financial struggles, Humphrey had to leave the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> after just one year.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_UTexas_Profile_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_UTexas_Profile-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned a pharmacist's license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado (completing a two-year licensure program in just six months),<sup id="cite_ref-Luzer,_2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luzer,_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and helped his father run his store from 1931 to 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198448-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both father and son were innovative in finding ways to attract customers: "to supplement their business, the Humphreys had become manufacturers ... of patent medicines for both hogs and humans. A sign featuring a wooden pig was hung over the drugstore to tell the public about this unusual service. Farmers got the message, and it was Humphrey's that became known as the farmer's drugstore."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One biographer noted, "while Hubert Jr. minded the store and stirred the concoctions in the basement, Hubert Sr. went on the road selling 'Humphrey's BTV' (Body Tone Veterinary), a mineral supplement and dewormer for hogs, and 'Humphrey's Chest Oil' and 'Humphrey's Sniffles' for two-legged sufferers."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey later wrote, "we made 'Humphrey's Sniffles', a substitute for <a href="/wiki/Vicks" title="Vicks">Vick's</a> Nose Drops. I felt ours were better. Vick's used mineral oil, which is not absorbent, and we used a vegetable-oil base, which was. I added <a href="/wiki/Benzocaine" title="Benzocaine">benzocaine</a>, a local anesthetic, so that even if the sniffles didn't get better, you felt it less."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various "Humphrey cures ... worked well enough and constituted an important part of the family income ... the farmers that bought the medicines were good customers."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time Humphrey's Drug Store became a profitable enterprise and the family again prospered.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen,_p._54_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen,_p._54-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While living in Huron, Humphrey regularly attended Huron's largest Methodist church and became scoutmaster of the church's Boy Scout Troop 6.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198448-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He "started basketball games in the church basement ... although his scouts had no money for camp in 1931, Hubert found a way in the worst of that summer's dust-storm grit, grasshoppers, and depression to lead an overnight [outing]."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448–49_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198448–49-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey did not enjoy working as a pharmacist, and his dream remained to earn a doctorate in political science and become a college professor.<sup id="cite_ref-Luzer,_2012_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luzer,_2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His unhappiness was manifested in "stomach pains and fainting spells", though doctors could find nothing wrong with him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198450_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198450-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1937, he told his father that he wanted to return to the University of Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen,_p._54_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen,_p._54-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hubert Sr. tried to convince his son not to leave by offering him a full partnership in the store, but Hubert Jr. refused and told his father "how depressed I was, almost physically ill from the work, the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">dust storms</a>, the conflict between my desire to do something and be somebody and my loyalty to him ... he replied 'Hubert, if you aren't happy, then you ought to do something about it'."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey returned to the University of Minnesota in 1937 and earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Delta_Chi" title="Phi Delta Chi">Phi Delta Chi</a>, a pharmacy fraternity. He also earned a master's degree from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a> in 1940, serving as an assistant instructor of political science there.<sup id="cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his classmates was <a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a>, a future U.S. Senator from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. </p><p>He then became an instructor and <a href="/wiki/Doctorate_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctorate of philosophy">doctoral student</a> at the University of Minnesota from 1940 to 1941 (joining the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a>), and was a supervisor for the <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> (WPA).<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor_Humphrey-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey was a star on the university's debate team; one of his teammates was future Minnesota Governor and US Secretary of Agriculture <a href="/wiki/Orville_Freeman" title="Orville Freeman">Orville Freeman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940 presidential campaign</a> Humphrey and future University of Minnesota president <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Moos" title="Malcolm Moos">Malcolm Moos</a> debated the merits of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, the Democratic nominee, and <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a>, the Republican nominee, on a Minneapolis radio station. Humphrey supported Roosevelt.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey soon became active in Minneapolis politics, and as a result never finished his PhD.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_early_career">Marriage and early career</h2></div> <p>In 1934, Humphrey began dating <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Muriel Buck">Muriel Buck</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookkeeper">bookkeeper</a> and graduate of local Huron College.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were married from 1936 until Humphrey's death nearly 42 years later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198452_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198452-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had four children: Nancy Faye, <a href="/wiki/Skip_Humphrey" title="Skip Humphrey">Skip Humphrey</a>, Robert Andrew, and Douglas Sannes.<sup id="cite_ref-Mooar,_1998_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mooar,_1998-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Money was an issue that plagued the Humphreys consistently. One biographer noted, "For much of his life he was short of money to live on, and his relentless drive to attain the White House seemed at times like one long, losing struggle to raise enough campaign funds to get there."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984437_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984437-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To help boost his salary, Humphrey frequently took paid outside speaking engagements. Through most of his years as a U.S. senator and vice president, he lived in a middle-class suburban housing development in <a href="/wiki/Chevy_Chase,_Maryland" title="Chevy Chase, Maryland">Chevy Chase, Maryland</a>. In 1958, the Humphreys used their savings and his <a href="/wiki/Speaking_fee" title="Speaking fee">speaking fees</a> to build a lakefront home in <a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Minnesota" title="Waverly, Minnesota">Waverly, Minnesota</a>, about 40 miles west of Minneapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984197_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984197-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Humphrey tried three times to join the armed forces but failed.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first two attempts were to join the Navy, first as a commissioned officer and then as an enlisted man. He was rejected both times for color blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen,_p._105_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen,_p._105-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then tried to enlist in the Army in December 1944 but failed the physical exam because of a double hernia, color blindness, and calcification of the lungs.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen,_p._105_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen,_p._105-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his attempts to join the military, one biographer would note that "all through his political life, Humphrey was dogged by the charge that he was a draft dodger" during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey led various wartime government agencies and worked as a college instructor. In 1942, he was the state director of new production training and reemployment and chief of the Minnesota war service program.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_U.S._Congress_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_U.S._Congress-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943 he was the assistant director of the <a href="/wiki/War_Manpower_Commission" title="War Manpower Commission">War Manpower Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1943 to 1944, Humphrey was a professor of political science at <a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a>, where he headed the university's recently created international debate department, which focused on the international politics of World War II and the creation of the United Nations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving Macalester in the spring of 1944, Humphrey worked as a news commentator for a Minneapolis radio station until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, Humphrey made his first run for elective office, for <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis" title="List of mayors of Minneapolis">mayor of Minneapolis</a>. He lost, but his poorly funded campaign still captured over 47% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor_Humphrey-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944, Humphrey was one of the key players in the merger of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Farmer-Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party">Farmer-Labor</a> parties of Minnesota to form the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic-Farmer-Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party">Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party</a> (DFL).<sup id="cite_ref-American_Midwest_Encyclopedia_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Midwest_Encyclopedia-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked on President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>'s 1944 reelection campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Minnesota <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communists</a> tried to seize control of the new party in 1945, Humphrey became an engaged <a href="/wiki/Anticommunist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticommunist">anticommunist</a> and led the successful fight to oust the Communists from the DFL.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mayor_of_Minneapolis_(1945–1948)"><span id="Mayor_of_Minneapolis_.281945.E2.80.931948.29"></span>Mayor of Minneapolis (1945–1948)</h2></div> <p>After the war, Humphrey again ran for mayor of Minneapolis; this time, he won the June 1945 general election with 61% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayor_Humphrey-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As mayor, he helped ensure the appointment of a friend and previous neighbor, Edwin Ryan, as head of the police department, as he needed a "police chief whose integrity and loyalty would be above reproach."<sup id="cite_ref-Reichard,_1998_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reichard,_1998-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though they had differing views of labor unions, Ryan and Humphrey worked together to crack down on crime in Minneapolis. Humphrey told Ryan, "I want this town cleaned up and I mean I want it cleaned up now, not a year from now or a month from now, right now", and "You take care of the law enforcement. I'll take care of the politics."<sup id="cite_ref-Romskog_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romskog-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey served as mayor from 1945 to 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Bioguide_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Bioguide-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> winning reelection in 1947 by the largest margin in the city's history to that time. Humphrey gained national fame by becoming one of the founders of the liberal anticommunist <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> (ADA), and he served as chairman from 1949 to 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also reformed the Minneapolis police force.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had been named the "<a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a> capital" of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its small African-American population also faced discrimination. Humphrey's mayoralty is noted for his efforts to fight all forms of bigotry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaro2002440_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaro2002440-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formed the Council on Human Relations and established a municipal version of the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Employment_Practice_Committee" title="Fair Employment Practice Committee">Fair Employment Practice Committee</a>, making Minneapolis one of only a few cities in the United States to prohibit racial discrimination in the workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey and his publicists were proud that the Council on Human Relations brought together individuals of varying ideologies.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, Humphrey told journalist <a href="/wiki/Theodore_H._White" title="Theodore H. White">Theodore H. White</a>, "I was mayor once, in Minneapolis ... a mayor is a fine job, it's the best job there is between being a governor and being the President."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts by Melvin G. Holli of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a> ranked Humphrey as the 28th-best American big-city mayor to have served between 1820 and 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1948_Democratic_National_Convention">1948 Democratic National Convention</h2></div> <p>The Democratic Party of 1948 was split between those, mainly Northerners, who thought the federal government should actively protect <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> for racial minorities, and those, mainly Southerners, who believed that states should be able to enforce <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racial segregation</a> within their borders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198413_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198413-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Democratic National Convention</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Political_party_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party platform">party platform</a> reflected the division by containing only platitudes supporting civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent president, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, had shelved most of his 1946 Commission on Civil Rights's recommendations to avoid angering Southern Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Humphrey had written in <i>The Progressive</i> magazine, "The Democratic Party must lead the fight for every principle in the report. It is all or nothing."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198413_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198413-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg/220px-Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg/330px-Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg/440px-Hubert_H._Humphrey--1948_Democratic_National_Convention--.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2721" data-file-height="3473" /></a><figcaption>Humphrey at the <a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A diverse coalition opposed the convention's tepid civil rights platform, including anticommunist liberals like Humphrey, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_F._Shelley" title="John F. Shelley">John F. Shelley</a>, all of whom would later become known as leading progressives in the Democratic Party. They proposed adding a "minority plank" to the party platform that would commit the Democratic Party to more aggressive opposition to <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minority plank called for federal legislation against <a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">lynching</a>, an end to legalized school segregation in the South, and ending job discrimination based on skin color.<sup id="cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also strongly backing the minority plank were Democratic urban bosses like Ed Flynn of the <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>, who promised the votes of northeastern delegates to Humphrey's platform, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Arvey" title="Jacob Arvey">Jacob Arvey</a> of Chicago, and <a href="/wiki/David_L._Lawrence" title="David L. Lawrence">David Lawrence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>. Although seen as conservatives, the urban bosses believed that Northern Democrats could gain many black votes by supporting civil rights, with only comparatively small losses from Southern Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although many scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (May 2012)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have suggested that labor unions were leading figures in this coalition, no significant labor leaders attended the convention, except for the heads of the Congress of Industrial Organizations Political Action Committee (<a href="/wiki/CIO-PAC" title="CIO-PAC">CIO-PAC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kroll_(labor_leader)" title="Jack Kroll (labor leader)">Jack Kroll</a> and A.F. Whitney.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Truman's aides' aggressive pressure to avoid forcing the issue on the Convention floor, Humphrey spoke for the minority plank.<sup id="cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a renowned speech,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey passionately told the convention, "To those who say, my friends, to those who say that we are rushing this issue of civil rights, I say to them we are <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">172 years</a> (too) late! To those who say this civil rights program is an infringement on states' rights, I say this: the time has arrived in America for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadow of states' rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights!"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey and his allies succeeded: the convention adopted the pro-civil-rights plank by a vote of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">651<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">582<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the convention's vote, the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> delegation and half of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> delegation walked out of the hall.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_1948_DNC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian_1948_DNC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Southern Democrats were so enraged at this affront to their "way of life" that they formed the <a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrat</a> party<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and nominated their own presidential candidate, Governor <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dixiecrats' goal was to take Southern states away from Truman and thus cause his defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reasoned that after such a defeat, the national Democratic Party would never again aggressively pursue a pro-civil rights agenda. The move backfired: although the civil rights plank cost Truman the Dixiecrats' support, a significant number of black voters switched their support from <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> to him.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Truman won an upset victory over his <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> opponent, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result demonstrated that the Democratic Party could win presidential elections without the "Solid South" and weakened Southern Democrats. <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning historian <a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">David McCullough</a> has written that Humphrey probably did more to get Truman elected in 1948 than anyone other than Truman himself.<sup id="cite_ref-McCullough_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCullough-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States_Senate_(1949–1964)"><span id="United_States_Senate_.281949.E2.80.931964.29"></span>United States Senate (1949–1964)</h2></div> <p>Humphrey was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> in <a href="/wiki/1948_U.S._Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 U.S. Senate election">1948</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic-Farmer-Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party">DFL</a> ticket, defeating James M. Shields in the DFL primary with 89% of the vote,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unseating incumbent Republican <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Joseph H. Ball</a> in the general election with 60% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took office on January 3, 1949, becoming the first Democrat elected senator from Minnesota since before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey wrote that the victory heightened his sense of self, as he had beaten the odds of defeating a Republican with statewide support.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey's father died that year, and Humphrey stopped using the "Jr." suffix on his name. He was reelected in <a href="/wiki/1954_U.S._Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 U.S. Senate election">1954</a> and <a href="/wiki/1960_U.S._Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 U.S. Senate election">1960</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Bioguide_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Bioguide-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His colleagues selected him as <a href="/wiki/Majority_Whip_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Whip of the United States Senate">majority whip</a> in 1961, a position he held until he left the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> on December 29, 1964, to assume the vice presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey served from the <a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a> to the <a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a> sessions of Congress, and in a portion of the <a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th Congress</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Humphrey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Senator_Humphrey.jpg/170px-Senator_Humphrey.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Senator_Humphrey.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Senator Humphrey</figcaption></figure> <p>Initially, Humphrey's support of civil rights led to his being ostracized by Southern Democrats, who dominated Senate leadership positions and wanted to punish him for proposing the civil rights platform at the 1948 Convention. Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a> of Georgia, a leader of Southern Democrats, once remarked to other senators as Humphrey walked by, "Can you imagine the people of Minnesota sending that damn fool down here to represent them?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaro2002448_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaro2002448-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey was reportedly "crushed",<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so hurt by the remark that he broke into tears while driving home.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he refused to be intimidated and stood his ground; his integrity, passion and eloquence eventually earned him the respect of even most of the Southerners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984180_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984180-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southerners were also more inclined to accept Humphrey after he became a protégé of Senate <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Leader">Majority Leader</a> Lyndon B. Johnson of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey became known for his advocacy of liberal causes (such as <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">arms control</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear testing">nuclear test ban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Food Stamp Program">food stamps</a>, and humanitarian <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign aid">foreign aid</a>), and for his long and witty speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey was a liberal leader who fought to uphold Truman's veto of the <a href="/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Act" title="McCarran Internal Security Act">McCarran Act of 1950</a>. The bill was designed to suppress the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">American Communist Party</a>. With a small group of liberals he supported the <a href="/wiki/Harley_M._Kilgore" title="Harley M. Kilgore">Kilgore substitute</a> that would allow the president to lock up subversives, without trial, in a time of national emergency. The model was the <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">internment of West Coast Japanese in 1942</a>. The goal was to split the McCarran coalition. For years critics charged that Humphrey supported concentration camps. The ploy failed to stop the new law; the Senate voted 57 to 10 to overturn Truman's veto.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYbarra2004517–533_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYbarra2004517–533-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954 he proposed to make membership in the <a href="/wiki/CPUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="CPUSA">Communist Party</a> a felony. It was another ploy to derail a bill that would hurt labor unions. Humphrey's proposal did not pass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYbarra2004743–744_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYbarra2004743–744-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey was the author of the first humane slaughter bill introduced in the U.S. Congress and chief Senate sponsor of the Humane Slaughter Act of 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey chaired the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Select_Committee_on_Disarmament" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Select Committee on Disarmament">Select Committee on Disarmament</a> (<a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a> and <a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a> Congresses).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1960 he introduced a bill to establish a National Peace Agency.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With another former pharmacist, Representative <a href="/wiki/Carl_T._Durham" title="Carl T. Durham">Carl Durham</a>, Humphrey cosponsored the <a href="/wiki/Durham-Humphrey_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Durham-Humphrey Amendment">Durham-Humphrey Amendment</a>, which amended the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Food,_Drug,_and_Cosmetic_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>, defining two specific categories for medications, legend (<a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter</a> (OTC).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Democratic <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">whip</a> in the Senate in 1964, Humphrey was instrumental in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act</a> that year. He was a lead author of its text, alongside Senate Republican Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> of Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey's consistently cheerful and upbeat demeanor, and his forceful advocacy of liberal causes, led him to be nicknamed "The Happy Warrior" by many of his Senate colleagues and political journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> is often credited for creating the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>, Humphrey introduced the first bill to create the Peace Corps in 1957—three years before Kennedy's University of Michigan speech.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A trio of journalists wrote of Humphrey in 1969 that "few men in American politics have achieved so much of lasting significance. It was Humphrey, not Senator [Everett] Dirksen, who played the crucial part in the complex parliamentary games that were needed to pass the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. It was Humphrey, not John Kennedy, who first proposed the Peace Corps. The <a href="/wiki/Food_for_Peace" title="Food for Peace">Food for Peace</a> program was Humphrey's idea, and so was <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a>, passed sixteen years after he first proposed it. He worked for Federal aid to education from 1949, and for a nuclear-test ban treaty from 1956. These are the solid monuments of twenty years of effective work for liberal causes in the Senate."<sup id="cite_ref-Chester,_p._147_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chester,_p._147-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Johnson once said that "Most Senators are minnows ... Hubert Humphrey is among the whales."<sup id="cite_ref-Chester,_p._147_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chester,_p._147-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his autobiography, <i>The Education of a Public Man</i>, Humphrey wrote:<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>There were three bills of particular emotional importance to me: the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>, a disarmament agency, and the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. The President, knowing how I felt, asked me to introduce legislation for all three. I introduced the first Peace Corps bill in 1957. It did not meet with much enthusiasm. Some traditional diplomats quaked at the thought of thousands of young Americans scattered across their world. Many senators, including liberal ones, thought the idea was silly and unworkable. Now, with a young president urging its passage, it became possible and we pushed it rapidly through the Senate. It is fashionable now to suggest that Peace Corps Volunteers gained as much or more, from their experience as the countries they worked. That may be true, but it ought not demean their work. They touched many lives and made them better.</p></blockquote> <p>On April 9, 1950, Humphrey predicted that President Truman would sign a $4 billion housing bill and charge Republicans with having removed the bill's main middle-income benefits during Truman's tours of the Midwest and Northwest the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 7, 1951, Humphrey joined Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul Douglas</a> in calling for an $80 billion federal budget to combat Communist aggression along with a stiff tax increase to prevent borrowing.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a January 1951 letter to President Truman, Humphrey wrote of the necessity of a commission akin to the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Employment_Practices_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Employment Practices Commission">Fair Employment Practices Commission</a> that would be used to end discrimination in defense industries and predicted that establishing such a commission by executive order would be met with high approval by Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 18, 1953, Humphrey introduced a resolution calling for the US to urge free elections in Germany in response to the anti-Communist riots in <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1958, after receiving a message from <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> during a visit to the Soviet Union, Humphrey returned insisting that the message was not negative toward America.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1959, Humphrey said American newspapers should have ignored Khrushchev's comments calling him a purveyor of fairy tales.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a September address to the National Stationery and Office Equipment Association, Humphrey called for further inspection of Khrushchev's "live and let live" doctrine and maintained the Cold War could be won by using American "weapons of peace".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1963, Humphrey accompanied his longtime friend labor leader <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a> on a trip to <a href="/wiki/Harpsund" title="Harpsund">Harpsund</a>, the Swedish Prime Minister's summer country retreat, to meet with European socialist leaders for an exchange of ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984219_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984219-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the European leaders who met with Humphrey and Reuther were the prime ministers of Britain, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, as well as future German chancellor <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984219_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984219-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)"><span id="Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_.281952.E2.80.931964.29"></span>Presidential and vice-presidential ambitions (1952–1964)</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960_Dem_Primaries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/1960_Dem_Primaries.svg/300px-1960_Dem_Primaries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/1960_Dem_Primaries.svg/450px-1960_Dem_Primaries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/1960_Dem_Primaries.svg/600px-1960_Dem_Primaries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>In the 1960 primaries, Humphrey won South Dakota and Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>Humphrey ran for the Democratic presidential nomination twice before his election to the vice presidency in 1964. The first time was as Minnesota's <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite son</a> in 1952; he received only 26 votes on the first ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second time was in 1960. In between these two bids, Humphrey was part of the free-for-all for the vice-presidential nomination at the <a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 Democratic National Convention</a>, where he received 134.5 votes on the first ballot and 74.5 on the second.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1960</a>, Humphrey ran for the nomination against fellow Senator <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in the primaries. Their first meeting was in the Wisconsin primary, where Kennedy's well-organized and well-funded campaign overcame Humphrey's energetic but poorly funded effort.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey believed defeating Kennedy in Wisconsin would weaken and slow the momentum of the latter's campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy's attractive brothers, sisters, and wife Jacqueline</a> combed the state for votes. At one point Humphrey memorably complained that he "felt like an independent merchant competing against a chain store".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984205_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984205-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey later wrote in his memoirs that "Muriel and I and our 'plain folks' entourage were no match for the glamour of Jackie Kennedy and the other Kennedy women, for <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lawford" title="Peter Lawford">Peter Lawford</a> ... and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> singing their commercial 'High Hopes'. Jack Kennedy brought family and Hollywood to Wisconsin. The people loved it, and the press ate it up."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy won the Wisconsin primary, but by a smaller margin than anticipated. Some commentators argued that Kennedy's victory margin had come almost entirely from areas with large <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> populations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984208_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984208-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> had supported Humphrey. As a result, Humphrey refused to quit the race and decided to run against Kennedy again in the West Virginia primary. According to one biographer, "Humphrey thought his chances were good in West Virginia, one of the few states that had backed him in his losing race for vice-president four years earlier ... West Virginia was more rural than urban, [which] seemed to invite Humphrey's folksy stump style. The state, moreover, was a citadel of labor. It was depressed; unemployment had hit hard; and coal miners' families were hungry. Humphrey felt he could talk to such people, who were 95% Protestant (Humphrey was a <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and deep-dyed Bible-belters besides."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984208_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984208-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kennedy chose to meet the religion issue head-on. In radio broadcasts, he carefully redefined the issue from Catholic versus <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> to tolerance versus intolerance. Kennedy's appeal placed Humphrey, who had championed tolerance his entire career, on the defensive, and Kennedy attacked him with a vengeance. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt_Jr." title="Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.">Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.</a>, the son of the former president, stumped for Kennedy in West Virginia and raised the issue of Humphrey's failure to serve in the armed forces in World War II. Roosevelt told audiences, "I don't know where he [Humphrey] was in World War Two," and handed out flyers charging that Humphrey was a draft dodger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dallek" title="Robert Dallek">Robert Dallek</a> has written that <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a>, who was serving as his brother's campaign manager, came into "possession of information that Humphrey may have sought military deferments during World War Two ... he pressed Roosevelt to use this."<sup id="cite_ref-Dallek,_p._256_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dallek,_p._256-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey believed Roosevelt's draft-dodger claim "had been approved by Bobby [Kennedy], if not Jack".<sup id="cite_ref-Dallek,_p._256_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dallek,_p._256-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claims that Humphrey was a draft dodger were inaccurate, because during the war Humphrey had "tried and failed to get into the [military] service because of physical disabilities".<sup id="cite_ref-Dallek,_p._256_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dallek,_p._256-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the West Virginia primary, Roosevelt sent Humphrey a written apology and retraction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schlesinger,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.">Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.</a>, Roosevelt "felt that he had been used, blaming [the draft-dodger charge] on Robert Kennedy's determination to win at any cost ... Roosevelt said later that it was the biggest political mistake of his career."<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Short on funds, Humphrey could not match the well-financed Kennedy operation. He traveled around the state in a rented bus while Kennedy and his staff flew in a large, family-owned airplane.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his biographer Carl Solberg, Humphrey spent only $23,000 on the West Virginia primary while Kennedy's campaign privately spent $1.5 million, well over their official estimate of $100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984210–211_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984210–211-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unproven accusations claimed that the Kennedys had bought the West Virginia primary by bribing county sheriffs and other local officials to give Kennedy the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey later wrote, "as a professional politician I was able to accept and indeed respect the efficacy of the Kennedy campaign. But underneath the beautiful exterior, there was an element of ruthlessness and toughness that I had trouble either accepting or forgetting."<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy defeated Humphrey soundly in West Virginia with 60.8% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening, Humphrey announced that he was leaving the race.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By winning West Virginia, Kennedy overcame the belief that Protestant voters would not elect a Catholic to the presidency and thus sewed up the Democratic nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984209-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey won the South Dakota and District of Columbia primaries, which Kennedy did not enter.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 Democratic National Convention</a>, he received 41 votes even though he was no longer a candidate. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg/230px-HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg/345px-HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg/460px-HHH-CKS-MLK-1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2762" data-file-height="2183" /></a><figcaption>Vice President-elect Humphrey alongside <a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a> and civil rights leader Dr. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> in 1964.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_presidential_campaign">Vice presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign#Democratic_national_convention" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign § Democratic national convention</a></div> <p>Humphrey's defeat in 1960 had a profound influence on his thinking; after the primaries he told friends that, as a relatively poor man in politics, he was unlikely to ever become president unless he served as vice president first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984240_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984240-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey believed that only in this way could he attain the funds, nationwide organization, and visibility he would need to win the Democratic nomination. So as the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 presidential campaign</a> began, Humphrey made clear his interest in becoming Lyndon Johnson's running mate. At the <a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 Democratic National Convention</a>, Johnson kept the three likely vice-presidential candidates, Connecticut Senator <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Dodd" title="Thomas J. Dodd">Thomas Dodd</a>, fellow Minnesota Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>, and Humphrey,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the rest of the nation, in suspense before announcing his choice of Humphrey with much fanfare, praising his qualifications at considerable length before announcing his name.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following day Humphrey's acceptance speech overshadowed Johnson's own acceptance address: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Hubert warmed up with a long tribute to the President, then hit his stride as he began a rhythmic jabbing and chopping at <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>. "Most Democrats and Republicans in the Senate voted for an $11.5 billion tax cut for American citizens and American business," he cried, "but not Senator Goldwater. Most Democrats and Republicans in the Senate – in fact four-fifths of the members of his own party – voted for the Civil Rights Act, but not Senator Goldwater." Time after time, he capped his indictments with the drumbeat cry: "But not Senator Goldwater!" The delegates caught the cadence and took up the chant. A quizzical smile spread across Humphrey's face, then turned to a laugh of triumph. Hubert was in fine form. He knew it. The delegates knew it. And no one could deny that Hubert Humphrey would be a formidable political antagonist in the weeks ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In an address before labor leaders in <a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown, Ohio</a>, on September 7, 1964, Humphrey said the labor movement had "more at stake in this election than almost any other segment of society".<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Jamesburg,_New_Jersey" title="Jamesburg, New Jersey">Jamesburg, New Jersey</a>, on September 10, Humphrey remarked that Goldwater had a "record of retreat and reaction" when it came to issues of urban housing.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a September 12 <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> Democratic rally, Humphrey charged Goldwater with having rejected programs that most Americans and members of his own party supported.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> September 13 rally, Humphrey said the Goldwater-led Republican Party was seeking "to divide America so that they may conquer" and that Goldwater would pinch individuals in his reduction of government.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 16, Humphrey said the <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> supported the Johnson administration's economic sanctions against Cuba, and that the organization wanted to see a free Cuban government.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>, Texas, Humphrey said Goldwater opposed programs favored by most Texans and Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a September 27 appearance in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, Humphrey said the Kennedy administration had led America in a prosperous direction and called for voters to issue a referendum with their vote against "those who seek to replace the Statue of Liberty with an iron-padlocked gate."<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At an October 1 rally in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacoma">Tacoma</a>, Washington, Humphrey attacked Goldwater as a radical who opposed the 1960 GOP platform and true conservatism, which in Humphrey's opinion meant a balance of tradition and progress.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, on October 2, Humphrey said the general election would give voters a choice between his running mate and a candidate "who curses the darkness and never lights a candle".<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During an October 9 <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a>, appearance, Humphrey responded to critics of the administration, who he called "sick and tired Americans", by touting the accomplishments of both Kennedy's and Johnson's presidencies.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a>, on October 18, a week after the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Jenkins" title="Walter Jenkins">Walter Jenkins</a> amid a scandal, Humphrey said he was unaware of any potential security leaks relating to the case.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a> on October 24, Humphrey listed the censure vote toward Senator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>, the civil rights bill, and the nuclear test ban treaty as "three great issues of conscience to come before the United States Senate in the past decade" that Goldwater had voted incorrectly on as a Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an October 26 speech in Chicago, Humphrey called Goldwater "neither a Republican nor a Democrat" and "a radical".<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Johnson-Humphrey ticket won the election overwhelmingly, with 486 electoral votes out of 538.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only five Southern states and Goldwater's home state of Arizona supported the Republican ticket.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October Humphrey had predicted that the ticket would win by a large margin but not carry every state.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_President-elect_of_the_United_States">Vice President-elect of the United States</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_(436-253-wh64).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg/220px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg/330px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg/440px-President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_and_Vice-President-Elect_Hubert_Humphrey_%28436-253-wh64%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4893" data-file-height="3290" /></a><figcaption>Humphrey (right) horse-riding with President Johnson (left) at the <a href="/wiki/LBJ_Ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="LBJ Ranch">LBJ ranch</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> November 4, 1964</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after winning the election, Humphrey and Johnson went to <a href="/wiki/LBJ_Ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="LBJ Ranch">LBJ ranch</a> near <a href="/wiki/Stonewall,_Texas" title="Stonewall, Texas">Stonewall, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 6, 1964, Humphrey traveled to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a> for a two-week vacation.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News stations aired taped remarks in which Humphrey stated that he had not discussed with Johnson what his role would be as vice president and that national campaigns should be reduced by four weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a November 20 interview, Humphrey announced he would resign his Senate seat midway through the next month so that <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> could assume the position.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 10, 1964, Humphrey met with Johnson in the Oval Office, the latter charging the vice president-elect with "developing a publicity machine extraordinaire and of always wanting to get his name in the paper." Johnson showed Humphrey a George Reed memo with the allegation that the president would die within six months from an already acquired fatal heart disease.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same day, during a speech in Washington, Johnson announced Humphrey would have the position of giving assistance to governmental civil rights programs.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 19, 1965, the day before the inauguration, Humphrey told the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> that the party had unified because of the national consensus established by the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(1965–1969)"><span id="Vice_presidency_.281965.E2.80.931969.29"></span>Vice presidency (1965–1969)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg/220px-Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg/330px-Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg/440px-Hubert_Humphrey_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Humphrey at a meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> June 21, 1965</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Humphrey took office on January 20, 1965,<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ending the 14-month vacancy of the vice president of the United States, which had remained empty when then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson assumed the presidency after the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of John F. Kennedy</a> in November 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an early skeptic of the then growing <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Following a successful <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> hit-and-run <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Camp_Holloway" title="Attack on Camp Holloway">attack on a U.S. military installation at Pleiku</a> on February 7, 1965 (where 7 Americans were killed and 109 wounded), Humphrey returned from Georgia to Washington D.C., to attempt to prevent further escalation.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Hoopes,_p31_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Hoopes,_p31-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told President Johnson that bombing <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> was not a solution to the problems in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>, but that bombing would require the injection of US ground forces into South Vietnam to protect the airbases.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Hoopes,_p31_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Hoopes,_p31-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presciently, he noted that a military solution in Vietnam would take several years, well beyond the next election cycle. In response to this advice, President Johnson punished Humphrey by treating him coldly and restricting him from his inner circle for a number of months, until Humphrey decided to "get back on the team" and fully support the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-T._Hoopes,_p31_144-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Hoopes,_p31-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As vice president, Humphrey was criticized for his complete and vocal loyalty to Johnson and the policies of the Johnson administration, even as many of his liberal admirers opposed the president's policies with increasing fervor regarding the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Humphrey's liberal friends and allies abandoned him because of his refusal to publicly criticize Johnson's Vietnam War policies. Humphrey's critics later learned that Johnson had threatened Humphrey – Johnson told Humphrey that if he publicly criticized his policies, he would destroy Humphrey's chances to become president by opposing his nomination at the next Democratic Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984282–284_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984282–284-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Humphrey's critics were vocal and persistent: even his nickname, "the Happy Warrior", was used against him. The nickname referred not to his military hawkishness, but rather to his crusading for social welfare and civil rights programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his narrow defeat in the 1968 presidential election, Humphrey wrote that "After four years as Vice-President ... I had lost some of my personal identity and personal forcefulness. ... I ought not to have let a man [Johnson] who was going to be a former President dictate my future."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984407_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984407-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While he was vice president, Hubert Humphrey was the subject of a satirical song by songwriter/musician <a href="/wiki/Tom_Lehrer" title="Tom Lehrer">Tom Lehrer</a> entitled "Whatever Became of Hubert?" The song addressed how some liberals and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressives</a> felt let down by Humphrey, who had become a much more mute figure as vice president than he had been as a senator. The song goes <i>"Whatever became of Hubert? Has anyone heard a thing? Once he shone on his own, now he sits home alone and waits for the phone to ring. Once a fiery liberal spirit, ah, but now when he speaks he must clear it. ..." </i> </p><p>During these years Humphrey was a repeated and favorite guest of <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show" title="The Tonight Show">The Tonight Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also struck up a friendship with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, who supported his campaign for president in 1968 before his conversion to the Republican party in the early 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was perhaps most on notice in the fall of 1977 when Sinatra was the star attraction and host of a tribute to a then-ailing Humphrey. He also appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dean_Martin_Celebrity_Roast" title="The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast">The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast</a></i> in 1973. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/220px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/330px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg/440px-Gemini_4_Astronauts_Meet_Yuri_Gagarin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2819" data-file-height="2198" /></a><figcaption>Humphrey with Soviet cosmonaut <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini 4</a> astronauts at the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On April 15, 1965, Humphrey delivered an address to the American Society of Newspaper Editors, pledging the incumbent session of Congress would "do more for the lasting long-term health of this nation" since the initial session in office at the time of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> assuming the presidency in 1933 and predicting 13 major measures of President Johnson's administration would be passed ahead of the session's conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-May 1965, Humphrey traveled to <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas for an off-the-record discussion with donors of President Johnson's campaign. During the visit, Humphrey was imposed tight security as a result of the JFK assassination a year and a half prior and the mother of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a> was placed under surveillance by Police Chief Cato Hightower.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a May 31, 1966, appearance at Huron College, Humphrey said the U.S. should not expect "either friendship or gratitude" in helping poorer countries.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a September 22, 1966 <a href="/wiki/Jamesburg,_New_Jersey" title="Jamesburg, New Jersey">Jamesburg, New Jersey</a> Democratic Party fundraiser, Humphrey said the Vietnam War would be shortened if the US stayed firm and hastened the return of troops: "We are making a decision not only to defend Vietnam, we are defending the United States of America."<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a May 1967 news conference, Humphrey said American anger toward Vietnam was losing traction and that he could see a growth in popularity for President Johnson since a low point five months prior.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During an August 2, 1967, appearance in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Humphrey proposed each state consider forming peacekeeping councils focused on preventing violence, gaining community cooperation, and listening to "the voices of those who have gone unheard."<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 4, 1967, Humphrey cited <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> as an example of what Vietnam could resemble post a Viet Cong defeat while in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta, Indonesia">Jakarta, Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, Vice President Humphrey requested Indonesia attempt mediation in the Vietnam War during a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> at Merdeka palace.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 7, Vice President Humphrey said in an interview that the Viet Cong could potentially be the factor in creating a political compromise with the government of Saigon.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h3></div> <p>In February 1965, President Johnson appointed Humphrey to the chairmanship of the President's Council on Equal Opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-Dallek224_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dallek224-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position and board had been proposed by Humphrey, who told Johnson that the board should consist of members of the Cabinet and federal agency leaders and serve multiple roles: assisting agency cooperation, creating federal program consistency, using advanced planning to avoid potential racial unrest, creating public policy, and meeting with local and state level leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurber171_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurber171-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his tenure, he appointed <a href="/wiki/Wiley_A_Branton" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiley A Branton">Wiley A Branton</a> as executive director.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first meeting of the group on March 3, Humphrey stated the budget was US$289,000 and pledged to ensure vigorous work by the small staff.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurber171_160-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurber171-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Watts_riots" title="Watts riots">Watts riots</a> in August of that year, Johnson downsized Humphrey's role as the administration's expert on civil rights. Dallek wrote the shift in role was in line with the change in policy the Johnson administration underwent in response to "the changing political mood in the country on aid to African Americans."<sup id="cite_ref-Dallek224_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dallek224-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a private meeting with Joseph Califano on September 18, 1965, President Johnson stated his intent to remove Humphrey from the post of "point man" on civil rights within the administration, believing the vice president was tasked with enough work.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days later, Humphrey met with Johnson, Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Katzenbach" title="Nicholas Katzenbach">Nicholas Katzenbach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a> <a href="/wiki/Lee_C._White" title="Lee C. White">Lee C. White</a>. Johnson told Humphrey he would shorten his role within the administration's civil rights policies and pass a portion to Katzenbach, Califano writing that Humphrey agreed to go along with the plan reluctantly.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an August 1967 speech at a county officials national convention in Detroit, Humphrey called for the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a> that would curb poverty in the United States as well as address racial violence, and advocated for the creation of civil peace councils that would counter rioting. He said the councils should include representation from all minority groups and religions, state governments, the National Guard, and law enforcement agencies and that the United States would see itself out of trouble only when law and order was reestablished.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_trips">Foreign trips</h3></div> <p>December 1965 saw the beginning of Humphrey's tour of eastern countries, saying he hoped to have "cordial and frank discussions" ahead of the trip beginning when asked about the content of the talks.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a December 29 meeting with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a>, Humphrey asked the latter for support on achieving peace in the Vietnam War and said it was a showing of strength that the United States wanted a peaceful ending rather than a display of weakness.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey began a European tour in late-March 1967 to mend frazzled relations and indicated that he was "ready to explain and ready to listen."<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 2, 1967, Vice President Humphrey met with <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>. Ahead of the meeting, Humphrey said they would discuss multiple topics including the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, European events, Atlantic alliance strengthening, and "the situation in the Far East".<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White House Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/George_Christian_(journalist)" title="George Christian (journalist)">George Christian</a> said five days later that he had received reports from Vice President Humphrey indicating his tour of the European countries was "very constructive" and said President Johnson was interested in the report as well.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Humphrey was in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy on April 1, 1967, 23-year-old Giulio Stocchi threw eggs at the Vice President and missed. He was seized by American bodyguards who turned him in to Italian officers.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Brussels,_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels, Belgium">Brussels, Belgium</a> on April 9, demonstrators led by communists threw rotten eggs and fruits at Vice President Humphrey's car, also hitting several of his bodyguards.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late-December 1967, Vice President Humphrey began touring Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1968_presidential_campaign">1968 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/220px-Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/330px-Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg/440px-Hubert_Humphrey_and_Lyndon_Johnson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4894" data-file-height="3262" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Hubert Humphrey, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a>, and General <a href="/wiki/Creighton_Abrams" title="Creighton Abrams">Creighton Abrams</a> in a Cabinet Room meeting in March 1968</figcaption></figure> <p>As 1968 began, it looked as if President Johnson, despite the rapidly decreasing approval rating of his Vietnam War policies, would easily win the Democratic nomination for a second time.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey was widely expected to remain as Johnson's running mate for reelection in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson was challenged by Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> of Minnesota, who ran on an <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_U.S._involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War">anti-Vietnam War</a> platform.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the backing of out-of-state anti-war college students and activists while campaigning in the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, McCarthy, who was not expected to be a serious contender for the Democratic nomination, nearly defeated Johnson, finishing with a surprising 42% of the vote to Johnson's 49%.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days after the New Hampshire primary, after months of contemplation and originally intending to support Johnson's bid for reelection, Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> of New York also entered the race on an anti-war platform.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 31, a week before the Wisconsin primary, where polls showed a strong standing for McCarthy, Johnson stunned the nation by <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawing from his race for a second full term</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey announced his presidential candidacy on April 27.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Declaring his candidacy in a speech in Washington, D.C. alongside Senators <a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred Harris</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> of Minnesota (who both served as the co-chairs to his campaign), Humphrey stated: </p> <blockquote><p>Here we are, just as we ought to be, here we are, the people, here we are the spirit of dedication, here we are the way politics ought to be in America, the politics of happiness, politics of purpose, politics of joy; and that's the way it's going to be, all the way, too, from here on out. We seek an America able to preserve and nurture all the basic rights of free expression, yet able to reach across the divisions that too often separate race from race, region from region, young from old, worker from scholar, rich from poor. We seek an America able to do this in the higher knowledge that our goals and ideals are worthy of conciliation and personal sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-UCSB_Remarks_Declaring_Candidacy_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCSB_Remarks_Declaring_Candidacy-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Also in his speech, Humphrey supported Johnson's Vietnam initiative, which Johnson had proposed during his address to the nation four weeks earlier;<sup id="cite_ref-UCSB_Remarks_Declaring_Candidacy_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCSB_Remarks_Declaring_Candidacy-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> partially halting the bombings in North Vietnam, while sending an additional 13,500 troops and increasing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense's</a> budget by 4% over the next fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the campaign, Humphrey opposed a proposal by Senators McCarthy and <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> to the Democratic Convention's Policy Committee, calling for an immediate end to the bombings in Vietnam, an early withdrawal of troops and setting talks for a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with the Viet Cong.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/220px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg/440px-Photograph_of_Hubert_Humphrey_and_Edmund_Muskie_at_the_1968_Democratic_National_Convention_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5052" data-file-height="3378" /></a><figcaption>Vice President Humphrey (left) and U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> (right) wave from the podium at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in Chicago</figcaption></figure> <p>Many people saw Humphrey as Johnson's stand-in; he won major backing from the nation's labor unions and other Democratic groups troubled by young antiwar protesters and the social unrest around the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-HHH_Papers_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHH_Papers-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of British journalists wrote that Humphrey, despite his liberal record on civil rights and support for a nuclear test-ban treaty, "had turned into an arch-apologist for the war, who was given to trotting around Vietnam looking more than a little silly in olive-drab fatigues and a forage cap. The man whose name had been a by-word in the South for softness toward Negroes had taken to lecturing black groups ... the wild-eyed reformer had become the natural champion of every conservative element in the Democratic Party."<sup id="cite_ref-Chester,_p._147_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chester,_p._147-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey entered the race too late to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1968">Democratic primaries</a><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and concentrated on winning delegates in non-primary states by gaining the support of Democratic officeholders who were elected delegates to the Democratic Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-HHH_Papers_183-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHH_Papers-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By June, McCarthy won in Oregon and Pennsylvania, while Kennedy had won in Indiana and Nebraska, though Humphrey was the front runner as he led the delegate count.<sup id="cite_ref-HHH_Papers_183-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHH_Papers-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OMCA_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMCA-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The California primary was crucial for <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_presidential_campaign,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign, 1968">Kennedy's campaign</a>, as a McCarthy victory would have prevented Kennedy from reaching the number of delegates required to secure the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-OMCA_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMCA-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 4, Kennedy defeated McCarthy by less than 4% in the winner-take-all California primary.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the nation was shocked yet again when <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert F. Kennedy assassination">Senator Kennedy was assassinated</a> after his victory speech at the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Hotel_(Los_Angeles)" title="Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)">Ambassador Hotel</a> in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the assassination of Kennedy, Humphrey suspended his campaign for two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984341_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984341-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chicago_riots_and_party_fallout">Chicago riots and party fallout</h4></div> <p>Humphrey did not enter any of the 13 state primary elections,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but won the Democratic nomination at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">party convention</a> in Chicago, even though 80 percent of the primary voters had been for antiwar candidates. The delegates defeated the peace plank by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1,567<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">1,041<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGitlin1987331_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGitlin1987331-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey selected as his running mate U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Ed_Muskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Muskie">Ed Muskie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. Unfortunately for Humphrey and his campaign, in <a href="/wiki/Grant_Park_(Chicago)" title="Grant Park (Chicago)">Grant Park</a>, just five miles south of <a href="/wiki/International_Amphitheatre" title="International Amphitheatre">International Amphitheatre</a> convention hall, and at other sites near downtown Chicago, there were <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">gatherings and protests</a> by thousands of <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to the Vietnam War">antiwar demonstrators</a>, many of whom favored McCarthy, <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>, or other antiwar candidates. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a>'s Chicago police attacked and beat these protesters, most of them young college students, which amplified the growing feelings of unrest among the public. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege1968.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/220px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/ElectoralCollege1968.svg/440px-ElectoralCollege1968.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>1968 presidential election results</figcaption></figure> <p>Humphrey's inaction during these incidents, Johnson's and Daley's behind-the-scenes maneuvers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGitlin1987331_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGitlin1987331-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> public backlash against Humphrey's winning the nomination without entering a single primary, and Humphrey's refusal to meet McCarthy halfway on his demands, resulting in McCarthy's refusal to fully endorse him, highlighted turmoil in the Democratic Party's base that proved to be too much for Humphrey to overcome in time for the general election. The combination of Johnson's unpopularity, the Chicago demonstrations, and the discouragement of liberals and African-Americans after the assassinations of Robert F. Kennedy and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> that year, all contributed to his loss to former Vice President Nixon. Nevertheless, as Wallace lost support among white union members, Humphrey regained strength and the final polls showed a close race. Humphrey reversed his Vietnam policy, called for peace talks, and won back some of the antiwar Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nixon won the electoral college and the election. Humphrey lost the <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">popular vote</a> by less than one percent, with 43.4% for Nixon (31,783,783 votes) to 42.7% (31,271,839) for Humphrey, and 13.5% (9,901,118) for Wallace. Humphrey carried just 13 states and the District of Columbia with 191 electoral college votes, Nixon carried 32 states and 301 electoral votes, and Wallace carried five states and 46 electoral votes. In his concession speech, Humphrey said, "I have done my best. I have lost; Mr. Nixon has won. The democratic process has worked its will."<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-vice_presidency_(1969–1978)"><span id="Post-vice_presidency_.281969.E2.80.931978.29"></span>Post-vice presidency (1969–1978)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_and_return_to_the_Senate">Teaching and return to the Senate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Minnesota" title="United States congressional delegations from Minnesota">United States congressional delegations from Minnesota</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CarterandHumphrey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CarterandHumphrey.png/220px-CarterandHumphrey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CarterandHumphrey.png/330px-CarterandHumphrey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/CarterandHumphrey.png/440px-CarterandHumphrey.png 2x" data-file-width="4635" data-file-height="3090" /></a><figcaption>Senator Humphrey with Democratic presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>, in 1976. California Governor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> is at right.</figcaption></figure> <p>After leaving the vice presidency, Humphrey taught at <a href="/wiki/Macalester_College" title="Macalester College">Macalester College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, and served as chairman of the board of consultants at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> Educational Corporation. </p><p>On February 11, 1969, Humphrey met privately with Mayor <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> and denied ever being "at war" with Daley during a press conference later in the day.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March, Humphrey declined to answer questions on the Johnson administration being either involved or privy to the cessation of bombing of North Vietnam during an interview on <i><a href="/wiki/Issues_and_Answers" title="Issues and Answers">Issues and Answers</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a press conference on June 2, 1969, Humphrey backed Nixon's peace efforts, dismissing the notion that he was not seeking an end to the war.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early July, Humphrey traveled to Finland for a private visit.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, Humphrey returned to Washington after visiting Europe, a week after McCarthy declared he would not seek reelection, Humphrey declining to comment amid speculation he intended to return to the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the fall, Humphrey arranged to meet with President Nixon through <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Security Advisor">United States National Security Advisor</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, Humphrey saying the day after the meeting that Nixon had "expressed his appreciation on my attitude to his effort on Vietnam."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984417_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984417-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 3, Humphrey said that Russia was buying time to develop ballistic missile warheads to catch up with the United States and that security was the "overriding concern" of the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days later, Humphrey repudiated efforts against Nixon's anti-ballistic missile system: "I have a feeling that they [opponents of the ABM] were off chasing rabbits when a tiger is loose."<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During October, Humphrey spoke before the AFL-CIO convention delegates, charging Nixon's economic policies with "putting Americans out of work without slowing inflation."<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 10, Humphrey stated his support for Nixon's policies in Vietnam and that he believed "the worst thing that we can do is to try to undermine the efforts of the President."<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a December 21 press conference, Humphrey said Nixon was a participant in the "politics of polarization" and could not seek unity on one hand but have divisive agents on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 26, Humphrey responded to a claim from former President Johnson that Humphrey had been cost the election by his own call for a stop to the bombing in North Vietnam, saying he did what he "thought was right and responsible at Salt Lake City."<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 4, 1970, Humphrey said the United States should cease tests of nuclear weapons during the continued conversations for potential strategic arms limitations between the United States and the Soviet Union while speaking to the National Retail Furniture Association.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, Humphrey predicted Nixon would withdraw 75,000 or more troops prior to the year's midterm elections and the main issue would be the economy during an interview: "The issue of 1970 is the economy. Some of my fellow Democrats don't believe this. But this is a fact."<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 23, Humphrey disclosed his recommendation that <a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a> return as Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a>, a Humphrey spokesman reporting that he wanted the issue of the DNC chairmanship settled quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solberg wrote that Nixon's April 1970 <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Campaign">Cambodian Campaign</a> quashed Humphrey's hopes that the war be taken out of political context.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984417_198-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984417-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May, Humphrey pledged to do all he could to provide additional war planes to Israel and stress the issue to American leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid an August 11 address to an American Bar Association luncheon meeting, Humphrey called for liberals to cease defending campus radicals and militants and align with law and order.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey had not planned to return to political life, but an unexpected opportunity changed his mind. McCarthy, who was up for reelection in <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1970 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1970</a>, realized that he had only a slim chance of winning even re-nomination for the Minnesota seat because he had angered his party by opposing Johnson and Humphrey for the 1968 presidential nomination, and declined to run. Humphrey won the nomination, defeated Republican Congressman <a href="/wiki/Clark_MacGregor" title="Clark MacGregor">Clark MacGregor</a>, and returned to the U.S. Senate on January 3, 1971. Ahead of resuming his duties, Humphrey had a November 16, 1970, White House meeting with Nixon as part of a group of newly elected senators.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was reelected in <a href="/wiki/1976_U.S._Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 U.S. Senate election">1976</a>, and remained in office until his death. In a rarity in politics, Humphrey held both Senate seats from his state (Class I and Class II) at different times. During his return to the Senate he served in the <a href="/wiki/92nd_United_States_Congress" title="92nd United States Congress">92nd</a>, <a href="/wiki/93rd_United_States_Congress" title="93rd United States Congress">93rd</a>, <a href="/wiki/94th_United_States_Congress" title="94th United States Congress">94th</a>, and a portion of the <a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th Congress</a>. He served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Economic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Economic Committee">Joint Economic Committee</a> in the 94th Congress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Senate_term">Fourth Senate term</h3></div> <p>L. Edward Purcell wrote that upon returning to the Senate, Humphrey found himself "again a lowly junior senator with no seniority" and that he resolved to create credibility in the eyes of liberals.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 3, 1971, after the <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> adopted a resolution demanding Nixon's impeachment, Humphrey said they were acting "more out of emotion and passion than reason and prudent judgment" and that the request was irresponsible.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 21, Humphrey said ending hunger and malnutrition in the U.S. was "a moral obligation" during a speech to International Food Service Manufacturers Association members.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June, Humphrey delivered the commencement address at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bridgeport" title="University of Bridgeport">University of Bridgeport</a><sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and days later said that he believed Nixon was interested in seeing a peaceful end to the Vietnam War "as badly as any senator or anybody else."<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 14, testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Arms Control, Humphrey proposed amending the defense procurement bill to place in escrow all funds for creation and usage of multiple‐missile warheads in the midst of continued arms limitations talks. Humphrey said members of the Nixon administration needed to remember "when they talk of a tough negotiating position, they are going to get a tough response."<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 6, Humphrey rebuked the Nixon administration's wage price freeze, saying it was based on trickle-down policies and advocating "percolate up" as a replacement, while speaking at a <a href="/wiki/United_Rubber_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Rubber Workers">United Rubber Workers</a> gathering.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 26, Humphrey stated his support for removing barriers to voting registration and authorizing students to establish voting residences in their college communities, rebuking the refusal of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">John N. Mitchell</a> the previous month to take a role in shaping voter registration laws as applicable to new voters.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 24, 1971, Humphrey accused the Nixon administration of turning its back on the impoverished in the rural U.S., citing few implementations of the relief recommendations of the 1967 National Advisory Commission; in another statement he said only three of the 150 recommendations had been implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 27, responding to antiwar protesters in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Humphrey said the Nixon administration was responsible for an escalation of the Southeast Asia war and requested complete cessation of North Vietnam bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1972, Humphrey said the U.S. would have been out of Vietnam by that point had he been elected president, saying Nixon was taking longer to withdraw American troops from the country than it took to defeat <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 20, Humphrey said Nixon's proposal to limit schoolchildren busing was "insufficient in the amount of aid needed for our children, deceptive to the American people, and insensitive to the laws and the Constitution of this nation", in a reversal of his prior stance, while in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a May 30 appearance in <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a>, Humphrey stated his support for an immediate withdrawal of American forces from South Vietnam despite an invasion by North Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1973, Humphrey said the Nixon administration was plotting to eliminate a school milk program in the upcoming fiscal year budget during a telephone interview.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 18, 1973, Humphrey said the Middle East could possibly usher in peace following the Vietnam War ending along with American troops withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> during an appearance at the New York Hilton.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1973, Humphrey called on Nixon to schedule a meeting with nations exporting and importing foods as part of an effort to both create a worldwide policy on food and do away with food hoarding.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Nixon's dismissal of <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Cox" title="Archibald Cox">Archibald Cox</a>, Humphrey said he found "the whole situation entirely depressing."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three days after Cox's dismissal, during a speech to the AFL-CIO convention on October 23, Humphrey declined to say whether he believed Nixon should be impeached, saying that his congressional position would likely cause him to play a role in determining Nixon's fate.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 21, Humphrey disclosed his request of federal tax deductions of $199,153 for the donation of his vice-presidential papers to the Minnesota State Historical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early January 1974, Humphrey checked into the <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethesda Naval Hospital">Bethesda Naval Hospital</a> for tests regarding a minute tumor of the bladder. His physician Edgar Berman said the next day that Humphrey "looks fine and feels fine" and was expected to leave early the following week.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview conducted on March 29, 1974, Humphrey concurred with Senator <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a>'s assessment from the prior day that the House of Representatives had enough votes to impeach Nixon.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey was reportedly pleased by Nixon's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an April 1975 news conference at the spring education conference of the United Federation of Teachers, Humphrey cited the need for a national department of education, a national education trust fund, and a federal government provision for a third of America's educational expenses. He said the Ford administration had no educational policy and noted the United States was the only industrialized country without a separate national education department.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May, Humphrey testified at the trial of his former campaign manager Jack L. Chestnut, admitting that as a candidate he sought the support of Associated Milk Producers, Inc., but saying he was not privy to the illegal contributions Chestnut was accused of taking from the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that month, Humphrey was one of 19 senators to originate a letter stating the expectation of 75 senators that Ford would submit a foreign aid request to Congress meeting the "urgent military and economic needs" of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, after the United States Court of Appeals ruled that Ford had no authority to continue levying fees of $2 a barrel on imported oil, Humphrey hailed the decision as "the best news we've heard on the inflation front in a long time" and urged Ford to accept the decision because the price reduction on oil and oil‐related products would benefit the national economy.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October, after <a href="/wiki/Sara_Jane_Moore" title="Sara Jane Moore">Sara Jane Moore</a> attempted to assassinate Ford, Humphrey joined former presidential candidates Barry Goldwater, Edmund Muskie, and George McGovern in urging Ford and other presidential candidates to restrain their campaigning the following year to prevent future attempts on their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1976, Humphrey was admitted to a hospital for the removal of a cancerous bladder,<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> predicted his victory in his reelection bid, and advocated for members of his party to launch efforts to increase voter turnout upon his release.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972_presidential_campaign">1972 presidential campaign</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey1972.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Humphrey1972.gif/220px-Humphrey1972.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Humphrey1972.gif/330px-Humphrey1972.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Humphrey1972.gif/440px-Humphrey1972.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="139" /></a><figcaption>1972 campaign logo</figcaption></figure> <p>On November 4, 1970, shortly after being reelected to the Senate, Humphrey stated his intention to take on the role of a "harmonizer" within the Democratic Party to minimize the possibility of potential presidential candidates within the party lambasting each other prior to deciding to run in the then-upcoming election, dismissing that he was an active candidate at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1971, Humphrey made his second trip to New Jersey in under a month, talking with a plurality of county leaders at the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Treat Hotel">Robert Treat Hotel</a>: "I told them I wanted their support. I said I'd rather work with them than against them."<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Humphrey once again ran for the Democratic nomination for president, announcing his candidacy on January 10, 1972, during a twenty-minute speech in Philadelphia. At the time of the announcement, Humphrey said he was running on a platform of the removal of troops from Vietnam and a revitalization of the United States economy.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He drew upon continuing support from organized labor and the African-American and Jewish communities, but remained unpopular with college students because of his association with the Vietnam War, even though he had altered his position in the years since his 1968 defeat. Humphrey initially planned to skip the primaries, as he had in 1968. Even after he revised this strategy he still stayed out of New Hampshire, a decision that allowed McGovern to emerge as the leading challenger to Muskie in that state. Humphrey did win some primaries, including those in Ohio,<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indiana and Pennsylvania, but was defeated by McGovern in several others, including the crucial California primary. Humphrey also was out-organized by McGovern in caucus states and was trailing in delegates at the <a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a>. His hopes rested on challenges to the credentials of some of the McGovern delegates. For example, the Humphrey forces argued that the winner-take-all rule for the California primary violated procedural reforms intended to produce a better reflection of the popular vote, the reason that the Illinois delegation was bounced. The effort failed, as several votes on delegate credentials went McGovern's way, guaranteeing his victory. After his primary win, McGovern asked Humphrey to be his running mate, but Humphrey declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Nixonland_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nixonland-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the election, Humphrey called Nixon and the two had an amicable conversation in which Humphrey implied that he preferred Nixon to McGovern, and had tried to keep McGovern from winning.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1976_presidential_election_activities">1976 presidential election activities</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg/220px-Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg/330px-Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg/440px-Humphrey_and_Carter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="1964" /></a><figcaption>Senator Hubert Humphrey with President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> in 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 22, 1974, Humphrey said that he would not enter the upcoming Democratic presidential primary for the 1976 presidential election. Humphrey said at the time that he was urging fellow Senator and Minnesotan <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> to run, despite believing that <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> would enter the race as well.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leading up to the election cycle, Humphrey also said, "Here's a time in my life when I appear to have more support than at any other time in my life. But it's too financially, politically, and physically debilitating – and I'm just not going to do it."<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1975, a Gallup poll was released showing Humphrey and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> as the leading Democratic and Republican candidates for the following year's presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 12, 1976, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Democratic Party">New Jersey Democratic Party</a> State Senator James P. Dugan said the selection of a majority of uncommitted delegates could be interpreted as a victory for Humphrey, who had indicated his availability as a presidential candidate for the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humphrey announced his choice to not enter the New Jersey primary nor authorize any committees to work to support him during an April 29, 1976, appearance in the Senate Caucus Room.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> had won enough delegates to clinch the nomination, many still wanted Humphrey to announce his availability for a <a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">draft</a>. However, he did not do so, and Carter easily secured the nomination on the first round of balloting. Humphrey had learned that he had terminal cancer, prompting him to sit the race out. </p><p>Humphrey attended the November 17, 1976, meeting between President-elect Carter and Democratic congressional leaders in which Carter sought out support for a proposal to have the president's power to reorganize the government reinstated with potential to be vetoed by Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Senate_term">Fifth Senate term</h3></div> <p>Humphrey attended the May 3, 1977, White House meeting on legislative priorities. Humphrey told President Carter that the U.S. would enter a period of high unemployment without an economic stimulus and noted that in "every period in our history, a rise in unemployment has been accompanied by a rise in inflation". Humphrey stated a preventative health care program would be the only way for the Carter administration to not have to fund soaring health costs.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1977, after the Senate began debating approval for funding of the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_bomb" title="Neutron bomb">neutron bomb</a>, Humphrey stated that the White House had agreed to release the impact statement, a requirement for congressional funding of a new weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_Senate_(1977–1978)"><span id="Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_Senate_.281977.E2.80.931978.29"></span>Deputy President pro tempore of the Senate (1977–1978)</h3></div> <p>In 1974, along with <a href="/wiki/Augustus_F._Hawkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus F. Hawkins">Rep. Augustus Hawkins</a> of California, Humphrey authored the <a href="/wiki/Humphrey-Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act</a>, the first attempt at full employment legislation. The original bill proposed to guarantee full employment to all citizens over 16 and set up a permanent system of public jobs to meet that goal. A watered-down version called the <i>Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act</i> passed the House and Senate in 1978. It set the goal of 4 percent unemployment and 3 percent inflation and instructed the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Board">Federal Reserve Board</a> to try to produce those goals when making policy decisions. </p><p>Humphrey ran for <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority Leader</a> after the 1976 election but lost to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>. The Senate honored Humphrey by creating the post of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Deputy President pro tempore</a> of the Senate for him. On August 16, 1977, Humphrey revealed he was suffering from terminal <a href="/wiki/Bladder_cancer" title="Bladder cancer">bladder cancer</a>. On October 25 of that year, he addressed the Senate, and on November 3, Humphrey became the first person other than a member of the House or the President of the United States to address the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> in session.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Carter honored him by giving him command of <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> for his final trip to Washington on October 23. One of Humphrey's final speeches contained the lines "It was once said that the moral test of Government is how that Government treats those who are in the dawn of life, the children; those who are in the twilight of life, the elderly; and those who are in the shadows of life, the sick, the needy and the handicapped", which is sometimes described as the "liberals' mantra".<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_funeral">Death and funeral</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HumphreyGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HumphreyGrave.jpg/220px-HumphreyGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HumphreyGrave.jpg/330px-HumphreyGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HumphreyGrave.jpg/440px-HumphreyGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Burial plot of Hubert and Muriel Humphrey at <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Cemetery" title="Lakewood Cemetery">Lakewood Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Humphrey spent his last weeks calling old political acquaintances. One call was to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, inviting him to his upcoming funeral, which Nixon accepted. Staying in the hospital, Humphrey went from room to room, cheering up other patients by telling them jokes and listening to them. On January 13, 1978, he died of bladder cancer at his home in <a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Minnesota" title="Waverly, Minnesota">Waverly, Minnesota</a>, at the age of 66. </p><p>Humphrey's body <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state#United_States" title="Lying in state">lay in state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">rotundas of the U.S. Capitol</a><sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_State_Capitol" title="Minnesota State Capitol">Minnesota State Capitol</a> before being interred at <a href="/wiki/Lakewood_Cemetery" title="Lakewood Cemetery">Lakewood Cemetery</a> in Minneapolis. His death overshadowed the death of his colleague from <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Lee_Metcalf" title="Lee Metcalf">Lee Metcalf</a>, who had died the day before Humphrey. Old friends and opponents of Humphrey, from Gerald Ford and Richard Nixon to President Carter and Vice President Walter Mondale, paid their final respects. "He taught us how to live, and finally he taught us how to die", said Mondale.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey's wife Muriel was appointed by Minnesota governor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Perpich" title="Rudy Perpich">Rudy Perpich</a> to serve in the U.S. Senate until a special election to fill the term was held; she did not seek election to finish her husband's term in office. In 1981, she married Max Brown and took the name Muriel Humphrey Brown.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon her death in 1998 she was interred next to Humphrey at Lakewood Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-Mooar,_1998_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mooar,_1998-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The epitaph on Humphrey's gravestone reads: "I have enjoyed my life, its disappointments outweighed by its pleasures. I have loved my country in a way that some people consider sentimental and out of style. I still do, and I remain an optimist, with joy, without apology, about this country and about the American experiment in democracy." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_legacy">Honors and legacy</h2></div> <p>In 1965, Humphrey was made an <i>Honorary Life Member</i> of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Phi_Alpha" title="Alpha Phi Alpha">Alpha Phi Alpha</a>, a historically African American fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Humphrey received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was awarded posthumously the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> on June 13, 1979, and the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> in 1980. </p><p>He was honored by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> with a 52¢ <a href="/wiki/Great_Americans_series" title="Great Americans series">Great Americans series</a> (1980–2000) postage stamp.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a statue of him in front of the Minneapolis City Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Humphrey's legacy is bolstered by his early leadership in civil rights, and undermined by his long support of the Vietnam War. His leading biographer <a href="/wiki/Arnold_A._Offner" title="Arnold A. Offner">Arnold A. Offner</a> says he was "the most successful legislator in the nation's history and a powerful voice for equal justice for all."<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Offner writes that Humphrey was: </p> <blockquote><p>A major force for nearly every important liberal policy initiative....putting civil rights on his party's and the nation's agenda [in 1948] for decades to come. As senator he proposed legislation to effect national health insurance, for aid to poor nations, immigration and income tax reform, a Job Corps, the Peace Corps, the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and the path breaking 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty....[He provided] masterful stewardship of the historic 1964 Civil Rights Act through the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>While acknowledging his accomplishments, some historians emphasize that Humphrey was "a flawed, and not entirely likeable, figure who talked too much and neglected his family while pursuing a politics of compromise that owed as much to his vaunting personal ambition as to political pragmatism."<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Namesakes">Namesakes</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fellowship">Fellowship</h4></div> <ul><li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program, which fosters an exchange of knowledge and mutual understanding throughout the world.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buildings_and_institutions">Buildings and institutions</h4></div> <ul><li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Terminal at <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis-Saint_Paul_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport">Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport</a><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The former <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a> domed stadium in Minneapolis which was home to the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota Vikings</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Twins" title="Minnesota Twins">Minnesota Twins</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Job Corps Center in St. Paul, Minnesota.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> and its building, the Hubert H. Humphrey Center (formerly Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs; changed in January 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Building">Hubert H. Humphrey Building</a><sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> in Washington, D.C.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Bridge">Hubert H. Humphrey Bridge</a> carrying <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Road_520" title="Florida State Road 520">FL S.R. 520</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_Lagoon" title="Indian River Lagoon">Indian River Lagoon</a> between <a href="/wiki/Cocoa,_Florida" title="Cocoa, Florida">Cocoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Merritt Island">Merritt Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida" title="Brevard County, Florida">Brevard County, Florida</a></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Middle School in <a href="/wiki/Bolingbrook,_Illinois" title="Bolingbrook, Illinois">Bolingbrook, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Comprehensive Health Center of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Department_of_Health_Services" title="Los Angeles County Department of Health Services">Los Angeles County Department of Health Services</a> in Los Angeles, California.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Recreation Center of the City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks in Pacoima, CA.</li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Auditorium at Doland High School<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Doland, South Dakota.</li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a><sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Elementary School in <a href="/wiki/Waverly,_Minnesota" title="Waverly, Minnesota">Waverly, Minnesota</a></li> <li>The Hubert H. Humphrey Cancer Center in <a href="/wiki/Robbinsdale,_Minnesota" title="Robbinsdale, Minnesota">Robbinsdale, Minnesota</a><sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayals">Portrayals</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Cover" title="Franklin Cover">Franklin Cover</a> in the 1982 television film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Called_Golda" title="A Woman Called Golda">A Woman Called Golda</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Whitford" title="Bradley Whitford">Bradley Whitford</a> in the 2016 television film <i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(2016_film)" title="All the Way (2016 film)">All the Way</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_McKeon" title="Doug McKeon">Doug McKeon</a> in the 2017 film <i><a href="/wiki/LBJ_(2016_film)" title="LBJ (2016 film)">LBJ</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hubert_Humphrey" title="Electoral history of Hubert Humphrey">Electoral history of Hubert Humphrey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Minnesota" title="Politics of Minnesota">Politics of Minnesota</a></li> <li>Humphrey's son, <a href="/wiki/Skip_Humphrey" title="Skip Humphrey">Skip Humphrey</a> and grandson Buck Humphrey are also <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesotan</a> politicians.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_objection" class="mw-redirect" title="Humphrey objection">Humphrey objection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian_1948_DNC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_1948_DNC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_1948_DNC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlonzo_L._Hamby2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Hamby" title="Alonzo Hamby">Alonzo L. Hamby</a> (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101075938/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/1948-democratic-convention.html">"1948 Democratic Convention"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/1948-democratic-convention.html">the original</a> on January 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=1948+Democratic+Convention&rft.date=2008-08&rft.au=Alonzo+L.+Hamby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fhistory-archaeology%2F1948-democratic-convention.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nixonland-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nixonland_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nixonland_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlstein2010" class="citation book cs1">Perlstein, Rick (July 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dM_enWzoghoC"><i>Nixonland</i></a>. Scribner. p. 709. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743243032" title="Special:BookSources/9780743243032"><bdi>9780743243032</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixonland&rft.pages=709&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft.isbn=9780743243032&rft.aulast=Perlstein&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdM_enWzoghoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198435-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198435_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523040917/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/news_events/Centennial/pdf/ArtofthePossibleTranscript.pdf">"Hubert H. Humphrey: The Art of the Possible"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hhh.umn.edu/news_events/Centennial/pdf/ArtofthePossibleTranscript.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hubert+H.+Humphrey%3A+The+Art+of+the+Possible&rft.pub=Hubert+H.+Humphrey+School+of+Public+Affairs%2C+University+of+Minnesota&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hhh.umn.edu%2Fnews_events%2FCentennial%2Fpdf%2FArtofthePossibleTranscript.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey_Family_Tree-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Family_Tree_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/PDF%20Content/Humphrey-MN-1.pdf">"Partial Genealogy of the Humphreys (of Minnesota)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. politicalfamilytree.com. April 19, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/PDF%20Content/Humphrey-MN-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partial+Genealogy+of+the+Humphreys+%28of+Minnesota%29&rft.pub=politicalfamilytree.com&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicalfamilytree.com%2Fsamples%2520content%2Fmembers%2FPDF%2520Content%2FHumphrey-MN-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198441-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198441_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198453-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198453_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198444-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198444_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Steil2011" class="citation web cs1">Mark Steil (May 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2011/05/26/hhh-birthday">"The Humphrey Minnesota knows took shape in S.D."</a> minnesota.publicradio.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Humphrey+Minnesota+knows+took+shape+in+S.D.&rft.pub=minnesota.publicradio.org&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.au=Mark+Steil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminnesota.publicradio.org%2Fdisplay%2Fweb%2F2011%2F05%2F26%2Fhhh-birthday&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey_UTexas_Profile-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_UTexas_Profile_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001119021400/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/FAQs/humphrey/HHH_home.asp">"Hubert Horatio Humphrey Vice President, 1965–1969 compiled by LBJ Library staff"</a>. University of Texas at Austin. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/faqs/humphrey/hhh_home.asp">the original</a> on November 19, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hubert+Horatio+Humphrey+Vice+President%2C+1965%E2%80%931969+compiled+by+LBJ+Library+staff&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+at+Austin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbjlib.utexas.edu%2Fjohnson%2Farchives.hom%2Ffaqs%2Fhumphrey%2Fhhh_home.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luzer,_2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luzer,_2012_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luzer,_2012_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Luzer2012" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Luzer (July 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622030751/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/ten-miles-square/2012/07/business_experience038620.php">"Business Experience"</a>. <i>Washington Monthly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/ten-miles-square/2012/07/business_experience038620.php">the original</a> on June 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=Business+Experience&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft.au=Daniel+Luzer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonmonthly.com%2Ften-miles-square%2F2012%2F07%2Fbusiness_experience038620.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198448-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphrey, pp. 48–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen,_p._54-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen,_p._54_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen,_p._54_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198448–49-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198448–49_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198450-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198450_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphrey, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey_Wilson_Center-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Wilson_Center_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101144409/http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index-2556.html">"Cold War Files: All Units: People: Hubert H. Humphrey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_International_Center_for_Scholars" title="Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index-2556.html">the original</a> on January 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cold+War+Files%3A+All+Units%3A+People%3A+Hubert+H.+Humphrey&rft.pub=Woodrow+Wilson+International+Center+for+Scholars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegacy.wilsoncenter.org%2Fcoldwarfiles%2Findex-2556.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debolt_and_Baugess,_2011_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbe_A._DeboltJames_S._Baugess2011" class="citation book cs1">Abbe A. Debolt; James S. Baugess (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r4WFjKG6vmUC&pg=PA301"><i>Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440801020" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440801020"><bdi>978-1440801020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Sixties%3A+A+Decade+of+Culture+and+Counterculture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1440801020&rft.au=Abbe+A.+Debolt&rft.au=James+S.+Baugess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4WFjKG6vmUC%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayor_Humphrey-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayor_Humphrey_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_W._Reichard1998" class="citation web cs1">Gary W. Reichard, ed. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101183352/http://www.mnhs.org/market/mhspress/minnesotahistory/featuredarticles/5602050-67/">"Mayor Hubert Humphrey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Historical_Society" title="Minnesota Historical Society">Minnesota Historical Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/market/mhspress/minnesotahistory/featuredarticles/5602050-67/">the original</a> on January 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Hubert+Humphrey&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnhs.org%2Fmarket%2Fmhspress%2Fminnesotahistory%2Ffeaturedarticles%2F5602050-67%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, pp. 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_R._DodgeBetty_K._Koed2005" class="citation book cs1">Andrew R. Dodge; <a href="/wiki/Betty_K._Koed" class="mw-redirect" title="Betty K. Koed">Betty K. Koed</a>, eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9MBIctdjjkC&pg=PA1299"><i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–2005</i></a>. US Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160731761" title="Special:BookSources/9780160731761"><bdi>9780160731761</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress%2C+1774%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780160731761&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9MBIctdjjkC%26pg%3DPA1299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRochelle_Olsen1998" class="citation web cs1">Rochelle Olsen (September 21, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!topic/alt.obituaries/Eg3xAU6Lccs">"Muriel Humphrey Brown – Hubert Humphrey's Widow"</a>. Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muriel+Humphrey+Brown+%E2%80%93+Hubert+Humphrey%27s+Widow&rft.date=1998-09-21&rft.au=Rochelle+Olsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fforum%2F%3Ffromgroups%3D%23%21topic%2Falt.obituaries%2FEg3xAU6Lccs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198452-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198452_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mooar,_1998-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mooar,_1998_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mooar,_1998_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Mooar1998" class="citation news cs1">Brian Mooar (September 21, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/campaigns/junkie/links/humphrey.htm">"Hubert Humphrey's Widow Dies at 86"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hubert+Humphrey%27s+Widow+Dies+at+86&rft.date=1998-09-21&rft.au=Brian+Mooar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fpolitics%2Fcampaigns%2Fjunkie%2Flinks%2Fhumphrey.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984437-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984437_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 437.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984197-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984197_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, pp. 104–105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen,_p._105-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen,_p._105_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen,_p._105_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, p. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_U.S._Congress-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_U.S._Congress_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_E._DewhirstJohn_David_Rausch2009" class="citation book cs1">Robert E. Dewhirst; John David Rausch (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=51ATA-A5WaQC&pg=PA265"><i>Encyclopedia of the United States Congress</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 265–266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438110288" title="Special:BookSources/9781438110288"><bdi>9781438110288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.pages=265-266&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781438110288&rft.au=Robert+E.+Dewhirst&rft.au=John+David+Rausch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D51ATA-A5WaQC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeanne_Halgren_Kilde2010" class="citation book cs1">Jeanne Halgren Kilde (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GyMJ0JoKoyMC&pg=PT197"><i>Nature and Revelation: A History of Macalester College</i></a>. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 184, 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816656264" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816656264"><bdi>978-0816656264</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature+and+Revelation%3A+A+History+of+Macalester+College&rft.pages=184%2C+185&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0816656264&rft.au=Jeanne+Halgren+Kilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGyMJ0JoKoyMC%26pg%3DPT197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Midwest_Encyclopedia-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-American_Midwest_Encyclopedia_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_R.L._CaytonRichard_SissonChris_Zacher2006" class="citation book cs1">Andrew R.L. Cayton; Richard Sisson; Chris Zacher (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n3Xn7jMx1RYC&pg=PA1710"><i>The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 1710. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253348862" title="Special:BookSources/0253348862"><bdi>0253348862</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Midwest%3A+An+Interpretive+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=1710&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0253348862&rft.au=Andrew+R.L.+Cayton&rft.au=Richard+Sisson&rft.au=Chris+Zacher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn3Xn7jMx1RYC%26pg%3DPA1710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130626071005/http://millercenter.org/president/lbjohnson/essays/vicepresident/1833">"American President A Reference Resource"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Miller_Center_of_Public_Affairs" title="Miller Center of Public Affairs">Miller Center of Public Affairs</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://millercenter.org/president/lbjohnson/essays/vicepresident/1833">the original</a> on June 26, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+President+A+Reference+Resource&rft.pub=Miller+Center+of+Public+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fpresident%2Flbjohnson%2Fessays%2Fvicepresident%2F1833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIric_Nathanson2011" class="citation web cs1">Iric Nathanson (May 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2011/05/bright-sunshine-hubert-humphreys-civil-rights-agenda">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Into the bright sunshine' – Hubert Humphrey's civil-rights agenda"</a>. minnpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Into+the+bright+sunshine%27+%E2%80%93+Hubert+Humphrey%27s+civil-rights+agenda&rft.pub=minnpost.com&rft.date=2011-05-23&rft.au=Iric+Nathanson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minnpost.com%2Fpolitics-policy%2F2011%2F05%2Fbright-sunshine-hubert-humphreys-civil-rights-agenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reichard,_1998-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reichard,_1998_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReichard1998" class="citation journal cs1">Reichard, Gary W. (1998). "Mayor Hubert H. Humphrey". <i>Minnesota History</i>. <b>56</b> (2): 50–67. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20188091">20188091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minnesota+History&rft.atitle=Mayor+Hubert+H.+Humphrey&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=50-67&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20188091%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Reichard&rft.aufirst=Gary+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romskog-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Romskog_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327135802/http://historyapolis.com/blog/tag/ed-ryan/">"Ed Ryan"</a>. November 4, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historyapolis.com/blog/tag/ed-ryan/">the original</a> on March 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ed+Ryan&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistoryapolis.com%2Fblog%2Ftag%2Fed-ryan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey_Bioguide-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Bioguide_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_Bioguide_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=h000953">"HUMPHREY, Hubert Horatio Jr., (1911–1978)"</a>. bioguide.congress.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUMPHREY%2C+Hubert+Horatio+Jr.%2C+%281911%E2%80%931978%29&rft.pub=bioguide.congress.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Dh000953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinnesota_Historical_Society2013" class="citation web cs1">Minnesota Historical Society (April 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00720/pdf/hhh2.pdf">"Manuscript Collections Hubert H. Humphrey PapersAn Inventory of His Mayor's Political Files"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. mnhs.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00720/pdf/hhh2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manuscript+Collections+Hubert+H.+Humphrey+PapersAn+Inventory+of+His+Mayor%27s+Political+Files&rft.pub=mnhs.org&rft.date=2013-04-19&rft.au=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnhs.org%2Flibrary%2Ffindaids%2F00720%2Fpdf%2Fhhh2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_N._Thurber1999" class="citation book cs1">Timothy N. Thurber (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ylvmr909jUQC&pg=PA42"><i>The Politics of Equality</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231110464" title="Special:BookSources/9780231110464"><bdi>9780231110464</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Equality&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780231110464&rft.au=Timothy+N.+Thurber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dylvmr909jUQC%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, Carey. "Minneapolis: The Curious Twin," Common Ground. September 1946, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaro2002440-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaro2002440_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaro2002">Caro 2002</a>, p. 440.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelton2002" class="citation book cs1">Delton, Jennifer A. (2002). <i>Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights And The Transformation Of The Democratic Party</i>. 978-0816639229. pp. 93–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Minnesota+Liberal%3A+Civil+Rights+And+The+Transformation+Of+The+Democratic+Party&rft.pages=93-95&rft.pub=978-0816639229&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Delton&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelton2002" class="citation book cs1">Delton, Jennifer A. (2002). <i>Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights And The Transformation Of The Democratic Party</i>. 978-0816639229. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Minnesota+Liberal%3A+Civil+Rights+And+The+Transformation+Of+The+Democratic+Party&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=978-0816639229&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Delton&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">White, p. 106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolli1999" class="citation book cs1">Holli, Melvin G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmayorbes0000holl"><i>The American Mayor</i></a>. University Park: PSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01876-3"><bdi>0-271-01876-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Mayor&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=PSU+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-271-01876-3&rft.aulast=Holli&rft.aufirst=Melvin+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmayorbes0000holl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg198413-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198413_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg198413_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627112034/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29599.">"Democratic Party Platform of 1948"</a>. ucsb.edu. July 12, 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29599.">the original</a> on June 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democratic+Party+Platform+of+1948&rft.pub=ucsb.edu&rft.date=1948-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2F%3Fpid%3D29599.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430062426/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/road/s20.cfm">"The Road to Civil Rights President Harry S. Truman and Civil Rights"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)</a>. April 7, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/road/s20.cfm">the original</a> on April 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Civil+Rights+President+Harry+S.+Truman+and+Civil+Rights&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration+%28FHWA%29&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fhwa.dot.gov%2Fhighwayhistory%2Froad%2Fs20.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_InskeepRon_Elving2008" class="citation web cs1">Steve Inskeep; Ron Elving (August 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=94011842">"In 1948, Democrats Weathered Civil Rights Divide"</a>. NPR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+1948%2C+Democrats+Weathered+Civil+Rights+Divide&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2008-08-27&rft.au=Steve+Inskeep&rft.au=Ron+Elving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D94011842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_White2013" class="citation web cs1">Steven White (March 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/sites/www.sas.upenn.edu.polisci/files/Steven%20White.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Crackpots Hope the South Will Bolt": Civil Rights Liberalism & Roll Call Voting by Northern State Delegations at the 1948 Democratic National Convention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. sas.upenn.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.sas.upenn.edu/polisci/sites/www.sas.upenn.edu.polisci/files/Steven%20White.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+Crackpots+Hope+the+South+Will+Bolt%22%3A+Civil+Rights+Liberalism+%26+Roll+Call+Voting+by+Northern+State+Delegations+at+the+1948+Democratic+National+Convention&rft.pub=sas.upenn.edu&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.au=Steven+White&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sas.upenn.edu%2Fpolisci%2Fsites%2Fwww.sas.upenn.edu.polisci%2Ffiles%2FSteven%2520White.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_A._Donaldson2000" class="citation book cs1">Gary A. Donaldson (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_w_VBgcj7scC&pg=PA57"><i>Truman Defeats Dewey</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813128511" title="Special:BookSources/9780813128511"><bdi>9780813128511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truman+Defeats+Dewey&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780813128511&rft.au=Gary+A.+Donaldson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_w_VBgcj7scC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/8nwIdIUVFm4">"Hubert Humphrey 1948 Civil Rights Speech"</a>. January 25, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nwIdIUVFm4">the original</a> on October 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2012</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hubert+Humphrey+1948+Civil+Rights+Speech&rft.date=2009-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8nwIdIUVFm4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinnesota_Historical_Society2013" class="citation web cs1">Minnesota Historical Society (April 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00442/pdfa/00442-00187.pdf">"HUBERT H. HUMPHREY'S 1948 SPEECH ON CIVIL RIGHTS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. mnhs.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00442/pdfa/00442-00187.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HUBERT+H.+HUMPHREY%27S+1948+SPEECH+ON+CIVIL+RIGHTS&rft.pub=mnhs.org&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.au=Minnesota+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mnhs.org%2Flibrary%2Ffindaids%2F00442%2Fpdfa%2F00442-00187.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ross, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNOW_on_PBS2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/NOW_on_PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="NOW on PBS">NOW on PBS</a> (December 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/now/politics/dixiecrats.html">"Meet the Dixiecrats"</a>. PBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Dixiecrats&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.au=NOW+on+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnow%2Fpolitics%2Fdixiecrats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/vote/thirdparties/thirdparties_7.html">"Third Party Candidates"</a>. library.cornell.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Third+Party+Candidates&rft.pub=library.cornell.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frmc.library.cornell.edu%2Fvote%2Fthirdparties%2Fthirdparties_7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKari_Frderickson2001" class="citation web cs1">Kari Frderickson (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524222956/http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/347">"the Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968"</a>. University of North Carolina Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uncpress.unc.edu/browse/page/347">the original</a> on May 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+Dixiecrat+Revolt+and+the+End+of+the+Solid+South%2C+1932%E2%80%931968&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Kari+Frderickson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funcpress.unc.edu%2Fbrowse%2Fpage%2F347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Colored Voters Backed Truman: Majority Found Giving Support To Democratic Party Nominees Truman's Stand On Civil Rights Seen As One Factor In Election Results". <i><a href="/wiki/New_Journal_and_Guide" title="New Journal and Guide">New Journal and Guide</a></i>. November 13, 1948. p. E8A. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/567926855">567926855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Journal+and+Guide&rft.atitle=Colored+Voters+Backed+Truman%3A+Majority+Found+Giving+Support+To+Democratic+Party+Nominees+Truman%27s+Stand+On+Civil+Rights+Seen+As+One+Factor+In+Election+Results&rft.pages=E8A&rft.date=1948-11-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Rosegrant2012" class="citation web cs1">Susan Rosegrant (April 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402213551/http://www.sampler.isr.umich.edu/2012/featured/isr-and-the-truman-dewey-upset/">"ISR and the Truman/Dewey upset"</a>. isr.umich.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sampler.isr.umich.edu/2012/featured/isr-and-the-truman-dewey-upset/">the original</a> on April 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISR+and+the+Truman%2FDewey+upset&rft.pub=isr.umich.edu&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft.au=Susan+Rosegrant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sampler.isr.umich.edu%2F2012%2Ffeatured%2Fisr-and-the-truman-dewey-upset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCullough-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCullough_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/McCullough,_David" class="mw-redirect" title="McCullough, David">McCullough, David</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Truman_(book)" title="Truman (book)">Truman</a></i>. Simon & Schuster, 1992, p. 640. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0671456547" title="Special:BookSources/0671456547">0671456547</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.mn.us/archive/sessions/electionresults/1948-09-14-p-man.pdf">"PRIMARY ELECTION RETURNS ON ELECTION HELD September 14, 1948"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. leg.state.mn.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.leg.state.mn.us/archive/sessions/electionresults/1948-09-14-p-man.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PRIMARY+ELECTION+RETURNS+ON+ELECTION+HELD+September+14%2C+1948&rft.pub=leg.state.mn.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leg.state.mn.us%2Farchive%2Fsessions%2Felectionresults%2F1948-09-14-p-man.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.mn.us/archive/sessions/electionresults/1948-11-02-g-man.pdf">"GENERAL ELECTION RETURN ON ELECTION ON ELECTION HELD November 2, 1948"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. leg.state.mn.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.leg.state.mn.us/archive/sessions/electionresults/1948-11-02-g-man.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GENERAL+ELECTION+RETURN+ON+ELECTION+ON+ELECTION+HELD+November+2%2C+1948&rft.pub=leg.state.mn.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leg.state.mn.us%2Farchive%2Fsessions%2Felectionresults%2F1948-11-02-g-man.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/states/MN/senators.htm">"Minnesota's United States Senators"</a>. senate.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minnesota%27s+United+States+Senators&rft.pub=senate.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fstates%2FMN%2Fsenators.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey1991" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Hubert (1991). <i>The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/09/14/page/9/article/humphrey-says-g-o-p-seeks-to-divide-conquer">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/09/17/page/3/article/a-d-a-s-views-on-cuba-told-by-humphrey">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/09/28/page/26/article/humphrey-hits-g-o-p-view-on-immigration">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Hits+G.O.P.+View+on+Immigration&rft.date=1964-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1964%2F09%2F28%2Fpage%2F26%2Farticle%2Fhumphrey-hits-g-o-p-view-on-immigration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HUMPHREY SCORES G.O.P.'S PLATFORM; Senator Denies Goldwater Is a ‘Real’ Conservative; The New York Times, October 2, 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193149/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/10/03/page/8/article/barry-scored-by-humphrey-in-california/">"Barry Scored by Humphrey in California"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. October 3, 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/10/03/page/8/article/barry-scored-by-humphrey-in-california">the original</a> on August 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 25, 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/10/25/page/2/article/humphrey-hits-barrys-no-on-great-issues">the original</a> on August 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 27, 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/10/27/page/1/article/15-000-in-loop-for-humphrey">the original</a> on August 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Santa Barbara: University of California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+American+Presidency+Project+Election+of+1964&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Gerhard+Peters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fshowelection.php%3Fyear%3D1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeburg" class="citation news cs1">Freeburg, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604014020/https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/">"Hubert's Sure Victory Is All Wrapped Up"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1964/10/08/page/10/article/huberts-sure-victory-is-all-wrapped-up">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Johnson+Gives+Humphrey+Key+Rights+Task&rft.date=1964-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1964%2F12%2F11%2Fpage%2F2%2Farticle%2Fjohnson-gives-humphrey-key-rights-task&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeburg1965" class="citation news cs1">Freeburg, Russell (January 20, 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604014006/https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'64 Campaign Forged Party Unity: Hubert"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=%2764+Campaign+Forged+Party+Unity%3A+Hubert&rft.date=1965-01-20&rft.aulast=Freeburg&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1965%2F01%2F20%2Fpage%2F5%2Farticle%2F64-campaign-forged-party-unity-hubert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheLBJLibrary2012" class="citation web cs1">TheLBJLibrary (August 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/mctKh-DcEOY">"Inauguration of the President and Vice President, 1/20/1965"</a>. 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September 23, 1966. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/09/23/page/7/article/humphrey-answers-heckler-on-viet-nam-war-lssue">the original</a> on August 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/12/08/page/2/article/hubert-sees-split-in-viet-cong-ranks">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flawedgiantlyndo00dall/page/224">224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195054651" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195054651"><bdi>978-0195054651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flawed+Giant%3A+Lyndon+Johnson+and+His+Times%2C+1961%E2%80%931973&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0195054651&rft.aulast=Dallek&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fflawedgiantlyndo00dall%2Fpage%2F224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thurber171-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thurber171_160-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thurber171_160-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurber1999" class="citation book cs1">Thurber, Timothy (1999). <i>The Politics of Equality</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Asks+Japan%27s+Aid&rft.date=1969-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1965%2F12%2F29%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fhumphrey-asks-japans-aid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814054714/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/03/27/page/11/article/humphrey-begins-europe-tour/">"Humphrey Begins Europe Tour"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. March 27, 1967. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hubert+and+Wilson+Begin+World+Talks&rft.date=1967-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1967%2F04%2F03%2Fpage%2F25%2Farticle%2Fhubert-and-wilson-begin-world-talks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814020018/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1967/04/08/page/2/article/huberts-tour-described-as-constructive/">"Hubert's Tour Described as Constructive"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. April 8, 1967. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Halt+Nuclear+Arms+Talks%2C+Hubert+Says&rft.date=1970-01-05&rft.aulast=Crews&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1970%2F01%2F05%2Fpage%2F8%2Farticle%2Fhalt-nuclear-arms-tests-hubert-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeburg1970" class="citation news cs1">Freeburg, Russell (February 10, 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905051505/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/02/10/page/2/article/hubert-sees-economy-as-key-election-issue-next-autumn/">"Hubert Sees Economy as Key Election Issue Next Autumn"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/02/10/page/2/article/hubert-sees-economy-as-key-election-issue-next-autumn">the original</a> on September 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 24, 1970. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/02/24/page/20/article/hubert-asks-obrien-to-be-chief-of-dems">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hubert+Asks+O%27Brien+To+Be+Chief+of+Dems&rft.date=1970-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1970%2F02%2F24%2Fpage%2F20%2Farticle%2Fhubert-asks-obrien-to-be-chief-of-dems&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/08/archives/humphrey-assures-israelis.html">"Humphrey Assures Israeli"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 8, 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Assures+Israeli&rft.date=1970-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F05%2F08%2Farchives%2Fhumphrey-assures-israelis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170819103904/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/08/12/page/3/article/support-law-and-order-humphrey-tells-liberals/">"Support Law and Order, Humphrey Tells Liberals"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. August 12, 1970. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/08/12/page/3/article/support-law-and-order-humphrey-tells-liberals">the original</a> on August 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Support+Law+and+Order%2C+Humphrey+Tells+Liberals&rft.date=1970-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1970%2F08%2F12%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fsupport-law-and-order-humphrey-tells-liberals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604014103/https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/">"Humphrey Pays Nixon a Visit"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. November 17, 1970. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1970/11/17/page/3/article/humphrey-pays-nixon-a-visit">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Pays+Nixon+a+Visit&rft.date=1970-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1970%2F11%2F17%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fhumphrey-pays-nixon-a-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vicepresidents00ledw/page/370"><i>Vice Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Facts on File. 2001. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vicepresidents00ledw/page/370">370–372</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816046157" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816046157"><bdi>978-0816046157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vice+Presidents%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=370-372&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0816046157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvicepresidents00ledw%2Fpage%2F370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/04/archives/humphrey-assails-ada-on-impeachment-of-nixon.html">"Humphrey Assails A.D.A. On Impeachment of Nixon"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 4, 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Assails+A.D.A.+On+Impeachment+of+Nixon&rft.date=1971-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F05%2F04%2Farchives%2Fhumphrey-assails-ada-on-impeachment-of-nixon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1971" class="citation news cs1">Gill, Donna (May 22, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064548/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/05/22/page/9/article/mcgovern-humphrey-assail-hunger-malnutrition-in-u-s/">"McGovern, Humphrey Assail Hunger, Malnutrition in U.S."</a> <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/05/22/page/9/article/mcgovern-humphrey-assail-hunger-malnutrition-in-u-s">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=McGovern%2C+Humphrey+Assail+Hunger%2C+Malnutrition+in+U.S.&rft.date=1971-05-22&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1971%2F05%2F22%2Fpage%2F9%2Farticle%2Fmcgovern-humphrey-assail-hunger-malnutrition-in-u-s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.nytimes.com/1971/05/19/archives/humphrey-to-address-class.html">"Humphrey to Address Class"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 19, 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Humphrey+to+Address+Class&rft.date=1971-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F05%2F19%2Farchives%2Fhumphrey-to-address-class.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064811/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/06/10/page/38/article/hubert-raps-kennedys-charge-nixon-plays-politics-with-war/">"Hubert Raps Kennedy's Charge Nixon Plays Politics with War"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. June 10, 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/06/10/page/38/article/hubert-raps-kennedys-charge-nixon-plays-politics-with-war">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hubert+Raps+Kennedy%27s+Charge+Nixon+Plays+Politics+with+War&rft.date=1971-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1971%2F06%2F10%2Fpage%2F38%2Farticle%2Fhubert-raps-kennedys-charge-nixon-plays-politics-with-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinney1971" class="citation news cs1">Finney, John W. (July 15, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/15/archives/humphrey-muskie-ask-missile-curb-freeze-by-us-and-soviet-proposed.html">"HUMPHREY, MUSKIE ASK MISSILE CURB"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=HUMPHREY%2C+MUSKIE+ASK+MISSILE+CURB&rft.date=1971-07-15&rft.aulast=Finney&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1971%2F07%2F15%2Farchives%2Fhumphrey-muskie-ask-missile-curb-freeze-by-us-and-soviet-proposed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154335/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/09/07/page/5/article/new-fair-deal-urged-by-humphrey/">"New 'Fair Deal' Urged by Humphrey"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. September 7, 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1971/09/07/page/5/article/new-fair-deal-urged-by-humphrey">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=New+%27Fair+Deal%27+Urged+by+Humphrey&rft.date=1971-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1971%2F09%2F07%2Fpage%2F5%2Farticle%2Fnew-fair-deal-urged-by-humphrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19711026.2.5">"Humphrey Urges Student Vote"</a>. <i>Desert Sun</i>. October 26, 1971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Desert+Sun&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Urges+Student+Vote&rft.date=1971-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdnc.ucr.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcdnc%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DDS19711026.2.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/25/archives/humphrey-asserts-nixon-turns-back-on-rural-poor.html">"Humphrey Asserts Nixon Turns Back on Rural Poor"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 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January 2, 1973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1973/01/02/page/21/article/humphrey-sees-school-milk-subsidy-as-next-nixon-target">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 10, 1973. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1973/08/10/page/5/article/humphrey-and-ford-discuss-nixon-agnew-and-watergate">the original</a> on September 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Humphrey+and+Ford+discuss%2C+Nixon%2C+Agnew+and+Watergate&rft.date=1973-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1973%2F08%2F10%2Fpage%2F5%2Farticle%2Fhumphrey-and-ford-discuss-nixon-agnew-and-watergate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449_227-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolberg1984449_227-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolberg1984">Solberg 1984</a>, p. 449.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong1973" class="citation news cs1">Strong, James (October 24, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918064243/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1973/10/24/page/2/article/hubert-wont-take-impeachment-stand/">"Hubert won't take impeachment stand"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. 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(October 1, 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/01/archives/miss-moore-tried-to-call-ford-guards-five-times-miss-moore-tried-to.html">"Miss Moore Tried to Call Ford Guards Five Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Miss+Moore+Tried+to+Call+Ford+Guards+Five+Times&rft.date=1975-10-01&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Richard+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1975%2F10%2F01%2Farchives%2Fmiss-moore-tried-to-call-ford-guards-five-times-miss-moore-tried-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/11/archives/humphrey-doing-very-very-well.html">"Humphrey Doing 'Very, Very Well'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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January 11, 1972. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/01/11/page/7/article/humphrey-enters-presidential-race-raps-nixons-policies">the original</a> on June 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Humphrey+Enters+Presidential+Race%2C+Raps+Nixon%27s+Policies&rft.date=1972-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1972%2F01%2F11%2Fpage%2F7%2Farticle%2Fhumphrey-enters-presidential-race-raps-nixons-policies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170522092028/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/11/02/page/3/article/mcgovern-gets-big-crowd-for-n-y-appearance/">"McGovern Gets Big Crowd for N.Y. Appearance"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. November 2, 1972. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/11/02/page/3/article/mcgovern-gets-big-crowd-for-n-y-appearance">the original</a> on May 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=McGovern+Gets+Big+Crowd+for+N.Y.+Appearance&rft.date=1972-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1972%2F11%2F02%2Fpage%2F3%2Farticle%2Fmcgovern-gets-big-crowd-for-n-y-appearance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlstein2010" class="citation book cs1">Perlstein, Rick (July 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dM_enWzoghoC"><i>Nixonland</i></a>. Scribner. p. 745. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780743243032" title="Special:BookSources/9780743243032"><bdi>9780743243032</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Humphrey+Cancer+Center&rft.pub=umn.edu&rft.date=2013-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbbnet.umn.edu%2Finstitutions%2Fhhhcc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Lincoln2015" class="citation news cs1">A. Lincoln, Ross (September 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2015/09/pooch-hall-a-dogs-purpose-doug-mckeon-lbj-1201535024/">"Pooch Hall Knows 'A Dog's Purpose', Doug McKeon Joins LBJ"</a>. <i>Deadline Hollywood</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Pooch+Hall+Knows+%27A+Dog%27s+Purpose%27%2C+Doug+McKeon+Joins+LBJ&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft.aulast=A.+Lincoln&rft.aufirst=Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2015%2F09%2Fpooch-hall-a-dogs-purpose-doug-mckeon-lbj-1201535024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoomhower2020" class="citation journal cs1">Boomhower, Ray E. (2020). "Fighting the Good Fight: John Bartlow Martin and Hubert Humphrey's 1968 Presidential Campaign". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>116</b> (1): 1–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Findimagahist.116.1.01">10.2979/indimagahist.116.1.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/indimagahist.116.1.01">10.2979/indimagahist.116.1.01</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214394558">214394558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Fighting+the+Good+Fight%3A+John+Bartlow+Martin+and+Hubert+Humphrey%27s+1968+Presidential+Campaign&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-29&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214394558%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Findimagahist.116.1.01%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Findimagahist.116.1.01&rft.aulast=Boomhower&rft.aufirst=Ray+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Caro, Robert A.</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Senate" title="Master of the Senate"><i>Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson III</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-52836-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-52836-6"><bdi>978-0-394-52836-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+of+the+Senate%3A+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson+III&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-394-52836-6&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Chester, Lewis, Hodgson, Godfrey, Page, Bruce. <i>An American Melodrama: The Presidential Campaign of 1968.</i> New York: The Viking Press, 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmelodram00ches">online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Cohen_(politician)" title="Dan Cohen (politician)">Cohen, Dan</a>. <i>Undefeated: The Life of Hubert H. Humphrey</i>. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallek,_Robert" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallek, Robert">Dallek, Robert</a>. <i>An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917–1963</i>. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2003.</li> <li>Freedman, Samuel G. <i>Into the Bright Sunshine: Young Hubert Humphrey and the Fight for Civil Rights</i> (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023);</li> <li>Garrettson, Charles L. III. <i>Hubert H. Humphrey: The Politics of Joy</i>. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1993.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGitlin1987" class="citation book cs1">Gitlin, Todd (1987). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sixties:_Years_of_Hope,_Days_of_Rage" title="The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage">The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage</a></i>. Bantam Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-34601-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-34601-5"><bdi>978-0-553-34601-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sixties%3A+Years+of+Hope%2C+Days+of+Rage&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-553-34601-5&rft.aulast=Gitlin&rft.aufirst=Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gould, Lewis L. <i>1968: The Election That Changed America</i> (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1968electionthat0000goul_m7q1">online</a></li> <li>Humphrey, Hubert H. <i>The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics</i>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976, a primary source. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/educationofpubli0000hump_v9k8">online</a></li> <li>Johns, Andrew L. <i>The Price of Loyalty: Hubert Humphrey's Vietnam Conflict</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2020).</li> <li>Mann, Robert. <i>The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell and the Struggle for Civil Rights</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wallsofjericholy00mann">online</a></li> <li>Offner, Arnold. <i>Hubert Humphrey: The Conscience of the Country</i> (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018).</li> <li>Ross, Irwin. <i>The Loneliest Campaign: The Truman Victory of 1948</i>. New York: New American Library, 1968.</li> <li>Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. <i>Robert Kennedy and His Times</i>. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolberg1984" class="citation book cs1">Solberg, Carl (1984). <i>Hubert Humphrey: A Biography</i>. Minnesota Historical Society Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87351-473-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87351-473-6"><bdi>978-0-87351-473-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hubert+Humphrey%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Minnesota+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-87351-473-6&rft.aulast=Solberg&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Taylor_(politician)" title="Jeff Taylor (politician)">Taylor, Jeff</a>. <i>Where Did the Party Go? William Jennings Bryan, Hubert Humphrey, and the Jeffersonian Legacy</i>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006.</li> <li>Thurber, Timothy N. <i>The Politics of Equality: Hubert H. Humphrey and the African American Freedom Struggle.</i> (NY: Columbia University Press, 1999).</li> <li>Traub, James. <i>True Believer: Hubert Humphrey’s Quest for a More Just America</i> (New York: Basic Books, 2024) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issforum.org/essays/PDF/E566.pdf">online book review</a></li> <li>White, Theodore H. <i>The Making of the President 1960.</i> New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2004. (Reprint)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYbarra2004" class="citation book cs1">Ybarra, Michael J. (2004). <i>Washington Gone Crazy: Senator Pat McCarran and the Great American Communist Hunt</i>. Steerforth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58642-091-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58642-091-8"><bdi>978-1-58642-091-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Washington+Gone+Crazy%3A+Senator+Pat+McCarran+and+the+Great+American+Communist+Hunt&rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58642-091-8&rft.aulast=Ybarra&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Berman" title="Edgar Berman">Berman, Edgar</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalalumni.org/bulletin/winter_2006/lead2.html">Hubert: The Triumph And Tragedy Of The Humphrey I Knew</a></i>. (New York: G.P. Putnam's & Sons, 1979) A physician's personal account of his friendship with Humphrey from 1957 to 1978.</li> <li>Humphrey, Hubert H. <i>The Education of a Public Man: My Life and Politics</i> (1976), autobiography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-education-of-a-public-man">online</a></li> <li>Humphrey, Hubert H. <i>The cause is mankind; a liberal program for modern America</i> (NY: Praeger, 1964) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/causeismankindli00hump/page/n6/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>Wilson, Paula, ed. <i>The civil rights rhetoric of Hubert H. Humphrey : 1948-1964</i> (1996) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilrightsrheto0000hump">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressH000953" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000953">"Hubert Humphrey (id: H000953)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Hubert+Humphrey+%28id%3A+H000953%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DH000953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHubert+Humphrey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001119021400/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/FAQs/humphrey/HHH_home.asp">University of Texas biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00720.xml">Hubert H. Humphrey Papers</a> are available for research use at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org">Minnesota Historical Society</a>.</li> <li>Humphrey's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00442.xml">complete speech texts</a> and a broad sample of his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/01098.xml">speech sound recordings</a> have been digitzed by the Minnesota Historical Society under a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/huberthumphey1948dnc.html">Complete text and audio of Humphrey's 1948 speech at the Democratic National Convention – from AmericanRhetoric.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/huberthumphrey1964dnc.htm">Complete text and audio of Humphrey's 1964 speech at the Democratic National Convention – from AmericanRhetoric.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041130054202/http://www2.austincc.edu/lpatrick/his1302/WhenAllTheExperts1.html">Account of 1948 presidential campaign</a> – includes text of Humphrey's speech at the Democratic National Convention</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303201450/http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/oralhistory.hom/Humphrey/humphrey.asp">Oral History Interviews with Hubert H. Humphrey, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popcorn78.blogspot.com/2006/05/deleted-scenes.html">Information on Humphrey's thought and influence, including quotations from his speeches and writings.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csac.buffalo.edu/hhh/humphrey.html">Hubert H. Humphrey at the Macedonian Baptist Church, San Francisco, May 23, 1972</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726073941/http://csac.buffalo.edu/hhh/humphrey.html">Archived</a> July 26, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Photographs by Bruce Jackson of Humphrey on his last campaign.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiotapes.com/specialpostings.html">Radio airchecks/recordings</a> of Hubert H. Humphrey from 1946 to 1978 including interviews, radio appearances, newscasts, 1968 election concession speech, etc.</li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.96003">"Longines Chronoscope with Hubert H. Humphrey"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95741">"Longines Chronoscope with Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (March 14, 1952)"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?4504">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/video/?301278-1/hubert-humphrey-presidential-contender">"Hubert Humphrey, Presidential Contender"</a> from C-SPAN's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Contenders" title="The Contenders">The Contenders</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_L._Kline" title="Marvin L. Kline">Marvin L. Kline</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis" title="List of mayors of Minneapolis">Mayor of Minneapolis</a> </b><br />1945–1949 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eric_G._Hoyer" title="Eric G. Hoyer">Eric G. Hoyer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> </b><br />1965–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate#Deputy_president_pro_tempore" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Deputy President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate</a> </b><br />1977–1978 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Murphy_(Minnesota_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Murphy (Minnesota politician) (page does not exist)">Ed Murphy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1948 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1960</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Democratic Whip</a> </b><br />1961–1964 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for Vice President of the United States </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for President of the United States </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 1</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1970 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Minnesota, 1976">1976</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Short" title="Bob Short">Bob Short</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1975_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1975 State of the Union Address">1975</a> <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Carl Albert</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Joseph H. Ball</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Minnesota</a> </b><br />1949–1964 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">Edward Thye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Senate Majority Whip</a> </b><br />1961–1964 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Russell B. Long</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Minnesota</a> </b><br />1971–1978 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendell Anderson">Wendell Anderson</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey">Muriel Humphrey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lyndon B. Johnson</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Persons who have <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lain in state or honor</a><br />in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">United States Capitol rotunda</a> </b><br />1978 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns#The_Unknown_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknowns">Unknown Soldier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Era" title="Vietnam Era">Vietnam Era</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Michael_Blassie" title="Michael Blassie">Michael Blassie</a>)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hubert_Humphrey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Template:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Template talk:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hubert Humphrey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hubert_Humphrey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">38th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1965–1969) • <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator from Minnesota</a> (1949–1964, 1971–1978)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention#Hubert_Humphrey's_Address" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Civil Rights speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey%E2%80%93Hawkins_Full_Employment_Act" title="Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act">Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hubert_Humphrey" title="Electoral history of Hubert Humphrey">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1948 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1954 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1960 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1970 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_Minnesota" title="1976 United States Senate election in Minnesota">1976</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Presidential_and_vice-presidential_ambitions_(1952–1964)">1960 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1968 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protest_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protest activity">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidential transition of Richard Nixon">Nixon transition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1972_presidential_campaign">1972 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">1964 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1964 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1968_presidential_campaign">1968 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">Johnson withdrawal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_(film)" title="Primary (film)"><i>Primary</i> (1960 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Metrodome" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome">Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_School_of_Public_Affairs" title="Humphrey School of Public Affairs">Humphrey School of Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_H._Humphrey_Building" title="Hubert H. Humphrey Building">Hubert H. Humphrey Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />personal life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey">Muriel Humphrey</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Humphrey" title="Skip Humphrey">Hubert "Skip" Humphrey III</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">← Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hubert_Humphrey" title="Category:Hubert Humphrey">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_vice_presidents" title="Template:US vice presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_vice_presidents" title="Template talk:US vice presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_vice_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US vice presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice presidents of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (1797–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> (1801–1805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> (1805–1812)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_D._Tompkins" title="Daniel D. Tompkins">Daniel D. Tompkins</a> (1817–1825)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a> (1825–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (1833–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">John C. Breckinridge</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hannibal Hamlin</a> (1861–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Schuyler Colfax</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Henry Wilson</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wheeler" title="William A. Wheeler">William A. Wheeler</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> (1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_P._Morton" title="Levi P. Morton">Levi P. Morton</a> (1889–1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson</a> (1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">Garret Hobart</a> (1897–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a> (1905–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> (1909–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Thomas R. Marshall</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a> (1925–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John N. Garner</a> (1933–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1981–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Al_Gore" title="Vice presidency of Al Gore">1993–2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2021–present)</li></ol> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Vice presidents of the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States presidential candidates by year">All presidential candidates</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidents</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Template:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Template talk:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Minnesota"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">United States senators from Minnesota</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Rice" title="Henry M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._R._McMillan" title="Samuel J. R. McMillan">McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_K._Davis" title="Cushman K. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Towne" title="Charles A. Towne">Towne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Shipstead" title="Henrik Shipstead">Shipstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Thye" title="Edward J. Thye">Thye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey">M. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Durenberger" title="David Durenberger">Durenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Grams" title="Rod Grams">Grams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dayton" title="Mark Dayton">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Klobuchar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_S._Wilkinson" title="Morton S. Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sheldon_Norton" title="Daniel Sheldon Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozora_P._Stearns" title="Ozora P. Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_J._Edgerton" title="Alonzo J. Edgerton">Edgerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_M._Sabin" title="Dwight M. Sabin">Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Washburn" title="William D. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">K. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Johnson" title="Magnus Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Schall" title="Thomas D. Schall">Schall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_A._Benson" title="Elmer A. Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_V._Howard" title="Guy V. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lundeen" title="Ernest Lundeen">Lundeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_E._Nelson" title="Arthur E. Nelson">A. Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Ball" title="Joseph H. Ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_R._Anderson" title="Wendell R. Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Boschwitz" title="Rudy Boschwitz">Boschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wellstone" title="Paul Wellstone">Wellstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Barkley" title="Dean Barkley">Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Coleman" title="Norm Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Franken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Smith" title="Tina Smith">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National<br />conventions</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<i>None</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and<br />territorial<br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Senate_majority_whips" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_majority_whips" title="Template:US Senate majority whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_majority_whips" title="Template talk:US Senate majority whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_majority_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate majority whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Senate_majority_whips" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">United States Senate majority whips</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_L._Jones" title="Wesley L. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_D._Fess" title="Simeon D. Fess">Fess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_S._Wherry" title="Kenneth S. Wherry">Wherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Myers" title="Francis J. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_Clements" title="Earle Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(American_politician)" title="Alan Simpson (American politician)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Lott" title="Trent Lott">Lott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Nickles" title="Don Nickles">Nickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Nickles" title="Don Nickles">Nickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">Cornyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thune" title="John Thune">Thune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_whips_in_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Template:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Template talk:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Democratic_whips" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Democratic whips"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_whips_in_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Democratic Party whips in the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Gerry" title="Peter G. Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hamilton_Lewis" title="J. Hamilton Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Minton" title="Sherman Minton">Minton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lister_Hill" title="J. Lister Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_J._Myers" title="Francis J. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earle_C._Clements" class="mw-redirect" title="Earle C. Clements">Clements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_B._Long" title="Russell B. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ford" title="Wendell Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Durbin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deputy_Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSenDepPresProTemp" title="Template:USSenDepPresProTemp"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSenDepPresProTemp" title="Template talk:USSenDepPresProTemp"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSenDepPresProTemp" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSenDepPresProTemp"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deputy_Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate#Deputy_President_pro_tempore" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Deputy Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/80px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/120px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/160px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_(1963–1969)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LB_Johnson_cabinet" title="Template:LB Johnson cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:LB_Johnson_cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:LB Johnson cabinet (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LB_Johnson_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LB Johnson cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Lyndon_B._Johnson_(1963–1969)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a> (1965–1969)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lbj2.jpg/100px-Lbj2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lbj2.jpg/150px-Lbj2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Lbj2.jpg/200px-Lbj2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="5552" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> (1963–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._Douglas_Dillon" title="C. Douglas Dillon">C. Douglas Dillon</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Fowler" title="Henry H. Fowler">Henry H. Fowler</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Barr" title="Joseph W. Barr">Joseph W. Barr</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> (1963–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clark Clifford</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (1963–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Katzenbach" title="Nicholas Katzenbach">Nicholas Katzenbach</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a> (1966–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Gronouski" title="John A. Gronouski">John A. Gronouski</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">Larry O'Brien</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Marvin_Watson" title="W. Marvin Watson">W. Marvin Watson</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Udall" title="Stewart Udall">Stewart Udall</a> (1963–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Freeman" title="Orville Freeman">Orville Freeman</a> (1963–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther_H._Hodges" title="Luther H. Hodges">Luther H. Hodges</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Connor" title="John T. Connor">John T. Connor</a> (1965–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Trowbridge" title="Alexander Trowbridge">Alexander Trowbridge</a> (1967–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Smith" title="C. R. Smith">C. R. Smith</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._Willard_Wirtz" title="W. Willard Wirtz">W. Willard Wirtz</a> (1963–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_J._Celebrezze" title="Anthony J. Celebrezze">Anthony J. Celebrezze</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Gardner" title="John W. Gardner">John W. Gardner</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_J._Cohen" title="Wilbur J. Cohen">Wilbur J. Cohen</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</a> (1966–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coldwell_Wood" title="Robert Coldwell Wood">Robert Coldwell Wood</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_S._Boyd" title="Alan S. Boyd">Alan S. Boyd</a> (1967–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a> (1963–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur Goldberg</a> (1965–1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ball_(diplomat)" title="George Ball (diplomat)">George Ball</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Wiggins" title="James Russell Wiggins">James Russell Wiggins</a> (1968–1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">← 1948</a>) <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">→ 1956</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Mickelson" title="George T. Mickelson">George T. Mickelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Paul A. Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hamblen" title="Stuart Hamblen">Stuart Hamblen </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick" title="Enoch A. Holtwick">Enoch A. Holtwick</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Hallinan" title="Vincent Hallinan">Vincent Hallinan</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charlotta_Bass" title="Charlotta Bass">Charlotta Bass</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Darlington Hoopes</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Longstreet_Bodin" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Longstreet Bodin">Edward Longstreet Bodin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Krajewski" title="Henry B. Krajewski">Henry B. Krajewski</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Homer_Aubrey_Tomlinson" title="Homer Aubrey Tomlinson">Homer Aubrey Tomlinson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1952 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1952 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1952 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1952)_1956_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1960)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1952)_1956_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1960)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">← 1952</a>) <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">→ 1960</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_S._Battle" title="John S. Battle">John S. Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Happy Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Davis" title="James C. Davis">James C. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Frank Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bell_Timmerman_Jr." title="George Bell Timmerman Jr.">George Bell Timmerman Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_M._Shelton" title="Herbert M. Shelton">Herbert M. Shelton</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick" title="Enoch A. Holtwick">Enoch A. Holtwick </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Holdridge" title="Herbert C. Holdridge">Herbert C. Holdridge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Cozzini" title="Georgia Cozzini">Georgia Cozzini</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Darlington Hoopes</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/T._Coleman_Andrews" title="T. Coleman Andrews">T. Coleman Andrews</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1956 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1956 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1956 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1956)_1960_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1964)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1956)_1960_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1964)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">← 1956</a>) <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">→ 1964</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ross_Barnett" title="Ross Barnett">Ross Barnett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_DiSalle" title="Michael DiSalle">Michael DiSalle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Fisher" title="Paul C. Fisher">Paul C. Fisher</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._McLain" title="George H. McLain">George H. McLain</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Meyner" title="Robert B. Meyner">Robert B. Meyner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Porter" title="Albert S. Porter">Albert S. Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Symington" title="Stuart Symington">Stuart Symington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_M._Lloyd" title="James M. Lloyd">James M. Lloyd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F5BCA9;"><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Orval_Faubus" title="Orval Faubus">Orval Faubus</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/J._B._Stoner" title="J. B. Stoner">J. B. Stoner</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Decker" title="Rutherford Decker">Rutherford Decker</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Labor Party">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Cozzini" title="Georgia Cozzini">Georgia Cozzini</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Harry F. Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_B._Curtis" title="Merritt B. Curtis">Merritt B. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar_Daly" class="mw-redirect" title="Lar Daly">Lar Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Sullivan" title="Charles L. Sullivan">Charles L. Sullivan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other 1960 elections: <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1960 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1960 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1960)_1964_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1968)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1964 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1964 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1964 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1960)_1964_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1968)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">← 1960</a>) <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">→ 1968</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Lyndon B. Johnson 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_(advertisement)" title="Daisy (advertisement)">Daisy</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brewster" title="Daniel Brewster">Daniel Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Porter" title="Albert S. Porter">Albert S. Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Jennings Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Reynolds_Jr." title="John W. Reynolds Jr.">John W. Reynolds Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_E._Welsh" title="Matthew E. Welsh">Matthew E. Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention" title="1964 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">William E. Miller</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">Hiram Fong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">Walter Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Jim Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">William Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">American Vegetarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F5BCA9;"><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Kasper" title="John Kasper">John Kasper</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/J._B._Stoner" title="J. B. Stoner">J. B. Stoner</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mark_R._Shaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark R. Shaw">Mark R. Shaw </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henning_A._Blomen" title="Henning A. Blomen">Henning A. Blomen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">Clifton DeBerry</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ed_Shaw_(activist)" title="Ed Shaw (activist)">Ed Shaw</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1964 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1964 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1964 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1964 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1964)_1968_United_States_presidential_election_(1972_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1968 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1964)_1968_United_States_presidential_election_(1972_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">← 1964</a>) <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Frank Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_P._Case" title="Clifford P. Case">Clifford P. Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Fong" title="Hiram Fong">Hiram Fong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Rhodes" title="Jim Rhodes">Jim Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_Rockefeller" title="Winthrop Rockefeller">Winthrop Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Romney_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Romney 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">John A. Volpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protests" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protests">protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Branigin" title="Roger D. Branigin">Roger D. Branigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Crommelin" title="John G. Crommelin">John G. Crommelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Fisher" title="Paul C. Fisher">Paul C. Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson_from_the_1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Lyndon B. Johnson from the 1968 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lynch" title="Thomas C. Lynch">Thomas C. Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Eugene McCarthy 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_K._Moore" title="Dan K. Moore">Dan K. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_E._Phillips" title="Channing E. Phillips">Channing E. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Young" title="Stephen M. Young">Stephen M. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Candidates" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_1968_presidential_campaign" title="George Wallace 1968 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1968" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1968">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Charlene Mitchell</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Zagarell" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Zagarell">Michael Zagarell</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fitzgerald_Dowd" title="Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd">Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henning_A._Blomen" title="Henning A. Blomen">Henning A. Blomen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Halstead" title="Fred Halstead">Fred Halstead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Boutelle" title="Paul Boutelle">Paul Boutelle</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pigasus_(politics)" title="Pigasus (politics)">Pigasus</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1968 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1968 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1968 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1968 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">← 1968</a>) <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_M._Ashbrook" title="John M. Ashbrook">John M. Ashbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_McCloskey" title="Pete McCloskey">Pete McCloskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></b> <ul><li>replacing <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Vance Hartke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hays" title="Wayne Hays">Wayne Hays</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">Wilbur Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1972">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_G._Schmitz" title="John G. Schmitz">John G. Schmitz </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Anderson_(author)" title="Thomas J. Anderson (author)">Thomas J. Anderson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">John Hospers</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tonie_Nathan" title="Tonie Nathan">Tonie Nathan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Hobson" title="Julius Hobson">Julius Hobson </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fisher" title="Louis Fisher">Louis Fisher</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Jenness" title="Linda Jenness">Linda Jenness</a></b> <ul><li>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Reed" title="Evelyn Reed">Evelyn Reed</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Andrew Pulley</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidates: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Green_(ufologist)" title="Gabriel Green (ufologist)">Gabriel Green</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1972 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1972 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1972 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1972 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1972)_1976_United_States_presidential_election_(1980_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1976 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1972)_1976_United_States_presidential_election_(1980_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">← 1972</a>) <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Birch_Bayh" title="Birch Bayh">Birch Bayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Robert Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carey" title="Hugh Carey">Hugh Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Jaworski" title="Leon Jaworski">Leon Jaworski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_McCormack" title="Ellen McCormack">Ellen McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Jennings Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Shapp" title="Milton Shapp">Milton Shapp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Shapp_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Milton Shapp 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_III" title="Adlai Stevenson III">Adlai Stevenson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Udall" title="Mo Udall">Mo Udall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">James L. Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Ronald Reagan 1976 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Political positions of Ronald Reagan">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1976">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;"><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Anderson_(author)" title="Thomas J. Anderson (author)">Thomas J. Anderson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Lester Maddox</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride" title="Roger MacBride">Roger MacBride</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">David Bergland</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wright_(American_politician)" title="Margaret Wright (American politician)">Margaret Wright</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bubar_Jr." title="Benjamin Bubar Jr.">Ben Bubar</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Peter Camejo</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800000;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1976 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1976 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1976 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1976 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minnesota&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_81st–88th_and_92nd–95th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minnesota&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_81st–88th_and_92nd–95th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>'s delegation(s) to the 81st–88th and 92nd–95th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">E. Thye</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/August_H._Andresen" title="August H. Andresen">A. Andresen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._O%27Hara" title="Joseph P. O'Hara">J. O'Hara</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hagen" title="Harold Hagen">H. Hagen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">E. Thye</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/August_H._Andresen" title="August H. Andresen">A. Andresen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._O%27Hara" title="Joseph P. O'Hara">J. O'Hara</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hagen" title="Harold Hagen">H. Hagen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">83rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">E. Thye</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/August_H._Andresen" title="August H. Andresen">A. Andresen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._O%27Hara" title="Joseph P. O'Hara">J. O'Hara</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hagen" title="Harold Hagen">H. Hagen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">E. Thye</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/August_H._Andresen" title="August H. Andresen">A. Andresen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._O%27Hara" title="Joseph P. O'Hara">J. O'Hara</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Coya_Knutson" title="Coya Knutson">C. Knutson</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Thye" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Thye">E. Thye</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/August_H._Andresen" title="August H. Andresen"><i>A. Andresen</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._O%27Hara" title="Joseph P. O'Hara">J. O'Hara</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Coya_Knutson" title="Coya Knutson">C. Knutson</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie"><i>A. Quie</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/86th_United_States_Congress" title="86th United States Congress">86th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wier" title="Roy Wier">R. Wier</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Odin_Langen" title="Odin Langen">O. Langen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ancher_Nelsen" title="Ancher Nelsen">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Herman_Carl_Andersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Herman Carl Andersen">H. Andersen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">W. Judd</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(American_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (American politician)">F. Marshall</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Odin_Langen" title="Odin Langen">O. Langen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ancher_Nelsen" title="Ancher Nelsen">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clark_MacGregor" title="Clark MacGregor">C. MacGregor</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>H. Humphrey</i></a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">E. McCarthy</a> (DFL)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale"><i>W. Mondale</i></a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Odin_Langen" title="Odin Langen">O. Langen</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ancher_Nelsen" title="Ancher Nelsen">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clark_MacGregor" title="Clark MacGregor">C. MacGregor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">D. Fraser</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alec_G._Olson" title="Alec G. Olson">A. Olson</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/92nd_United_States_Congress" title="92nd United States Congress">92nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">W. Mondale</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ancher_Nelsen" title="Ancher Nelsen">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">D. Fraser</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Zwach" title="John M. Zwach">J. Zwach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bergland" title="Robert Bergland">R. Bergland</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frenzel" title="Bill Frenzel">B. Frenzel</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/93rd_United_States_Congress" title="93rd United States Congress">93rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">W. Mondale</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Blatnik" title="John Blatnik">J. Blatnik</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ancher_Nelsen" title="Ancher Nelsen">A. Nelson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">D. Fraser</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_M._Zwach" title="John M. Zwach">J. Zwach</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bergland" title="Robert Bergland">R. Bergland</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frenzel" title="Bill Frenzel">B. Frenzel</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/94th_United_States_Congress" title="94th United States Congress">94th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale"><i>W. Mondale</i></a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Humphrey</a> (DFL)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Wendell_R._Anderson" title="Wendell R. Anderson"><i>W. Anderson</i></a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Karth" title="Joseph Karth">J. Karth</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">D. Fraser</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bergland" title="Robert Bergland">R. Bergland</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frenzel" title="Bill Frenzel">B. Frenzel</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hagedorn" title="Tom Hagedorn">T. Hagedorn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rick_Nolan" title="Rick Nolan">R. Nolan</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Oberstar" title="Jim Oberstar">J. Oberstar</a> (DFL)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States senators from Minnesota">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>H. Humphrey</i></a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Wendell_R._Anderson" title="Wendell R. Anderson"><i>W. Anderson</i></a> (DFL)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Humphrey" title="Muriel Humphrey"><i>M. Humphrey</i></a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/David_Durenberger" title="David Durenberger"><i>D. Durenberger</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Boschwitz" title="Rudy Boschwitz"><i>R. Boschwitz</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota" title="List of United States representatives from Minnesota">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Al_Quie" title="Al Quie">A. Quie</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Fraser" title="Donald M. Fraser">D. Fraser</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bergland" title="Robert Bergland"><i>R. Bergland</i></a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frenzel" title="Bill Frenzel">B. Frenzel</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hagedorn" title="Tom Hagedorn">T. Hagedorn</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Rick_Nolan" title="Rick Nolan">R. Nolan</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Oberstar" title="Jim Oberstar">J. Oberstar</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#0055AA;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Vento" title="Bruce Vento">B. Vento</a> (DFL)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Arlan_Stangeland" title="Arlan Stangeland"><i>A. Stangeland</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Individuals_lain_in_state,_in_honor_and_in_repose_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lain_in_State_(USA)" title="Template:Lain in State (USA)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lain_in_State_(USA)" title="Template talk:Lain in State (USA)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lain_in_State_(USA)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lain in State (USA)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Individuals_lain_in_state,_in_honor_and_in_repose_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Individuals <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lain in state</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lying in honor">in honor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_repose" title="Lying in repose">in repose</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/State_funerals_in_the_United_States" title="State funerals in the United States">State funerals in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">Lain in state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">US Capitol rotunda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay (1852)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln"><b>Lincoln</b> (1865,</a> <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_Abraham_Lincoln" title="State funeral of Abraham Lincoln">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens (1868)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson (1875)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield"><b>Garfield</b> (1881)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan (1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley"><b>McKinley</b> (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L'Enfant">L'Enfant (1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dewey" title="George Dewey">Dewey (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns#The_Unknown_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknowns">Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding"><b>Harding</b> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft"><b>W. H. Taft</b> (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">Pershing (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">R. A. Taft (1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns#The_Unknowns_of_World_War_II_and_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknowns">Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy"><b>Kennedy</b> (1963,</a> <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">MacArthur (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover"><b>H. Hoover</b> (1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower"><b>Eisenhower</b> (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. E. Hoover (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson"><b>Johnson</b> (1973)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humphrey (1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Blassie" title="Michael Blassie">Blassie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns#The_Unknown_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknowns">Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Pepper (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan"><b>Reagan</b> (2004,</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford"><b>Ford</b> (2006–07,</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush"><b>Bush</b> (2018,</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">National Statuary Hall</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Cummings" title="Elijah Cummings">Cummings (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg (2020,</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/US_Capitol#House_Chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="US Capitol">House Chamber</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper (1875)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Hoover_Building" title="Herbert C. Hoover Building">Herbert C. Hoover Building</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase"><b>Chase</b> (1873)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lain_in_honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lain in honor">Lain in honor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="US_Capitol_rotunda" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">US Capitol rotunda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Capitol_shooting#Officers" title="1998 United States Capitol shooting">Chestnut and Gibson (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Parks (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Graham (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Sicknick" title="Death of Brian Sicknick">Sicknick (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Evans_(police_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Evans (police officer)">Evans (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershel_W._Williams" title="Hershel W. Williams">Williams (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lying_in_repose" title="Lying in repose">Lain in repose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Room" title="East Room">East Room</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison"><b>Harrison</b> (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor"><b>Taylor</b> (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln"><b>Lincoln</b> (1865,</a> <a href="/wiki/Funeral_and_burial_of_Abraham_Lincoln" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley"><b>McKinley</b> (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding"><b>Harding</b> (1923)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt"><b>Roosevelt</b> (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy"><b>Kennedy</b> (1963,</a> <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">funeral</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Great Hall of the<br />US Supreme Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren"><b>Warren</b> (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Marshall (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger"><b>Burger</b> (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">Brennan (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Blackmun (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist"><b>Rehnquist</b> (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Stevens" title="John Paul Stevens">Stevens (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ginsburg (2020,</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">funeral</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol#Senate_Chamber" title="United States Capitol">Senate Chamber</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lautenberg" title="Frank Lautenberg">Lautenberg (2013)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Bold</b>: Presidents and chief justices</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209989#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209989#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209989#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000011023276X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27881465">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/32413/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbCM8rGwWGCMmtBrRHKVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11942813X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79026910">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120016877">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120016877">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00522784">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36529195">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1414909">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070574073">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90744373">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000056860&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000388834">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hlrh8p31r91vz">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810574686705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276395505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14370726">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03231633?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000953">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1274802">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11942813X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11942813X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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