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class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Militarism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militarism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_Rights_Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_Rights_Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Civil Rights Opposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_Rights_Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southern_Moderate?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Moderate?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Southern Moderate?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Moderate?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abe_Fortas_Nomination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abe_Fortas_Nomination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Abe Fortas Nomination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abe_Fortas_Nomination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cold_Warrior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_Warrior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cold Warrior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_Warrior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warren_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warren_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Warren Commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warren_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Scholarly secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ريتشارد راسيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد راسيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ریچارد راسل، جونیور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد راسل، جونیور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Russell" title="Richard B. Russell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard B. Russell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ریچارد راسل، جونیور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد راسل، جونیور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Brevard_Russell,_Jr." title="Richard Brevard Russell, Jr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Brevard Russell, Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռիչարդ Ռասսել Կրտսեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիչարդ Ռասսել Կրտսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr. – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard Russell Jr." data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Russell" title="Richard B. Russell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Richard B. Russell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9F" title="ריצ'רד ראסל הבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד ראסל הבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell,_Jr." title="Richard Russell, Jr. – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richard Russell, Jr." data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ريتشارد راسيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد راسيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="リチャード・ラッセル・ジュニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・ラッセル・ジュニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Richard Russell Jr." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Рассел, Ричард (младший) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рассел, Ричард (младший)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Richard Russell Jr." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Russell" title="Richard Russell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Richard Russell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Річард Рассел-молодший – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Річард Рассел-молодший" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="小理查德·罗素 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小理查德·罗素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q718415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1897–1971)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Richard Russell, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Richard Russell (disambiguation)">Richard Russell (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Richard Russell Jr.</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Richard_Russell,_colour_corrected_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg/220px-Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg/330px-Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg/440px-Sen._Richard_Russell%2C_colour_corrected_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="2325" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1969 – January 21, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl Hayden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Senate Committee on Appropriations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1969 – January 21, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl Hayden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ellender" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Ellender">Allen Ellender</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">John C. Stennis</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">Ernest McFarland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Millard Tydings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 12, 1933 – January 21, 1971</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Cohen" title="John S. Cohen">John S. Cohen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">David H. Gambrell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">66th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Georgia" title="Governor of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 27, 1931 – January 10, 1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Lamartine Griffin Hardman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1921–1931</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Brevard Russell Jr.</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1897-11-02</span>)</span>November 2, 1897<br /><a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 21, 1971<span style="display:none">(1971-01-21)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Sr." title="Richard Russell Sr.">Richard Russell Sr.</a></li><li>Ina Dillard Russell</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lee_Russell" title="Robert Lee Russell">Robert Lee Russell</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Brevard_Russell" title="Alexander Brevard Russell">Alexander Brevard Russell</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/John_D._Russell" title="John D. Russell">John D. Russell</a> (nephew)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_State_College" title="Gordon State College">Gordon State College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Law" title="University of Georgia School of Law">University of Georgia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Attorney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/21px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/33px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg/43px-Naval_jack_of_the_United_States_%281912%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1050" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Reserve">Reserves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_Recording_Studio_Film_-_Sen._Richard_Russell_and_the_Civil_Rights_Bill_(of_1957).ogg" title="File:Senate Recording Studio Film - Sen. Richard Russell and the Civil Rights Bill (of 1957).ogg">Russell's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="263" data-mwtitle="Senate_Recording_Studio_Film_-_Sen._Richard_Russell_and_the_Civil_Rights_Bill_(of_1957).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Senate_Recording_Studio_Film_-_Sen._Richard_Russell_and_the_Civil_Rights_Bill_%28of_1957%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Senate_Recording_Studio_Film_-_Sen._Richard_Russell_and_the_Civil_Rights_Bill_%28of_1957%29.ogg/Senate_Recording_Studio_Film_-_Sen._Richard_Russell_and_the_Civil_Rights_Bill_%28of_1957%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Russell speaks on Southern opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a><br />Recorded 1957</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Brevard Russell Jr.</b> (November 2, 1897 – January 21, 1971) was an American politician. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he served as the 66th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> from 1931 to 1933 before serving in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> for almost 40 years, from 1933 to 1971. Russell was a founder and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">conservative coalition</a> that dominated Congress from 1937 to 1963, and at his death was the most senior member of the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a leader of Southern opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder, Georgia</a>, Russell established a legal practice in Winder after graduating from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Law" title="University of Georgia School of Law">University of Georgia School of Law</a>. He served in the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a> from 1921 to 1931 before becoming Governor of Georgia. Russell won a special election to succeed Senator <a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">William J. Harris</a> and joined the Senate in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his Senate career but helped establish the conservative coalition of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">Southern Democrats</a>. He was the chief sponsor of the <a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">National School Lunch Act</a>, which provided free or low-cost school lunches to impoverished students.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his long tenure in the Senate, Russell served as chairman of several committees, and was the Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> for most of the period between 1951 and 1969. He was a candidate for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 Democratic National Convention</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 Democratic National Convention</a>. He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell supported <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racial segregation</a> and co-authored the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a> with <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell and 17 fellow Democratic Senators, along with one Republican, blocked the passage of civil rights legislation via the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">filibuster</a>. After Russell's protégé, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, signed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> into law,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell led a Southern boycott of the <a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 Democratic National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell served in the Senate until his death from <a href="/wiki/Emphysema" title="Emphysema">emphysema</a> in 1971. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard B. Russell Jr. was born in 1897 as the first son of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia Supreme Court</a> Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Sr." title="Richard Russell Sr.">Richard B. Russell Sr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ina_Dillard_Russell" title="Ina Dillard Russell">Ina Dillard Russell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually had a total of twelve adult siblings, as well as two who died before adolescence.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout Russell Jr.'s childhood, his father made multiple attempts to run for higher political office. Though he was a well-liked state representative for <a href="/wiki/Clarke_County,_Georgia" title="Clarke County, Georgia">Clarke County</a> and a successful solicitor general for a seven-county circuit, he fared poorly in multiple attempts to become U.S. Senator for Georgia and Governor of Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to his political failures, the Russell family lived below their financial means at times. </p><p>From an early age, the elder Russell trained his son to exceed his father's legacy in the state. Due to the family's loss of their ancestral plantation and mill during <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">Sherman's March</a>, Russell spent much time studying Civil War history. </p><p>Russell enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_School_of_Law" title="University of Georgia School of Law">University of Georgia School of Law</a> in 1915 and earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> (LL.B.) degree in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While at UGA, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Literary_Society" title="Phi Kappa Literary Society">Phi Kappa Literary Society</a>. </p><p>Dominated by white conservatives, Democrats controlled state government and the Congressional delegation. The Republican Party was no longer competitive, hollowed out in the state following the effective <a href="/wiki/Disenfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction era">disenfranchisement of most blacks</a> by Georgia's approval of a constitutional amendment, effective in 1908, requiring a literacy test, but providing a "grandfather clause" to create exceptions for whites.<sup id="cite_ref-todayinGA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-todayinGA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his time at college, Russell briefly worked at a law firm with his father before successfully running for the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a> at the earliest opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six years into his tenure, Russell ran unopposed for the Speakership at the age of 29. His popularity among his legislator colleagues came from his perceived integrity and willingness to build coalitions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governor_of_Georgia,_1931–1933"><span id="Governor_of_Georgia.2C_1931.E2.80.931933"></span>Governor of Georgia, 1931–1933</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governor of Georgia, 1931–1933"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Russell_Jr._(GA).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png/220px-Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png/330px-Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png/440px-Richard_Russell_Jr._%28GA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Russell as governor</figcaption></figure> <p>Russell's campaign for Governor was an untraditional one, it was not based in Atlanta and Russell at 33 would be the youngest Georgian Governor to that point when he was elected, but he did have the support of 90% of the state legislators.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As governor, Russell reorganized the <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>, reducing the number of state agencies from 102 to 18,<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> promoted economic development in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression</a>, and balanced the state budget.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Russell's governorship, World War I veteran <a href="/wiki/Robert_Elliott_Burns" title="Robert Elliott Burns">Robert Elliot Burns</a> released the autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_a_Fugitive_from_a_Georgia_Chain_Gang!" title="I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang!">I Am A Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang!</a></i>, which had previously been serialized in <a href="/wiki/True_Detective_(magazine)" title="True Detective (magazine)"><i>True Detective</i></a> magazine and would become a popular Paul Muni <a href="/wiki/I_Am_a_Fugitive_from_a_Chain_Gang" title="I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang">film</a> in November 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book details the multiple stints Burns served in the Georgian penal system and his attempts to escape. </p><p>Following the release of the book and the film adaptation, Russell attempted to extradite Burns from the state of New Jersey so Burns could continue to serve his sentence. Russell denounced Burns' depictions of the horrific hard labor in his state, calling New Jersey Governor <a href="/wiki/A._Harry_Moore" title="A. Harry Moore">A. Harry Moore</a>'s refusal to return Burns to Georgia "a slander on the state of Georgia and its institutions."<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate_career,_1933–1971"><span id="Senate_career.2C_1933.E2.80.931971"></span>Senate career, 1933–1971</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Senate career, 1933–1971"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_History">Electoral History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electoral History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell's <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 United States Senate election in Georgia">first campaign</a> for the Senate was as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Special_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Special election">special election</a> in September 1932 after the death of <a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">William J. Harris</a>. His opponent in the primary was Representative <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Crisp" title="Charles R. Crisp">Charles Crisp</a>, who was nicknamed "Kilowatt Charlie" due to his links to the unpopular <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Power_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Power Company">Georgia Power Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1936, he <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1936 United States Senate election in Georgia">defeated</a> the former demagogic Governor <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a> for the US Senate seat by defending the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> as good for Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Deal">New Deal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New Deal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933, when Russell came into the Senate, the Democrats had <a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1932 United States Senate elections">just ousted</a> the Republicans as the major party and there were a number of important committees with vacancies.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of vacancies and Russell's populist reputation from his time as Governor and his primary campaign meant that he got his first choice, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations</a>, in order to stop him becoming a second <a href="/wiki/Huey_Long" title="Huey Long">Huey Long</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to a feud between <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Carter Glass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Appropriations_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Appropriations committee">chairman of the Appropriations committee</a>, and the senior Democrat on the <a href="/wiki/Appropriations_Subcommittee_on_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture">Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Ellison D. Smith</a>, Russell became the chairman of that subcommittee. This gave Russell a lot of power over the funding of aid to farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell supported the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> during the Great Depression.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell was elected on a moderately progressive platform, and supported bailout and aid programs for local governments.<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once in the Senate, he became an ardent supporter of the Roosevelt administration and New Deal programs, and expressed his support for "the fullest measure of relief that the combined resources of this commonwealth will afford."<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell endorsed almost every New Deal act during the <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt%27s_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="First 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency">"Hundred Days" Congress session</a>; once a rift in the Democratic Party emerged in 1935, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibusters</a> and deadlocks, Russell continued to support the President and the New Deal. Howard N. Mead observes that even "when many other Southern politicians began to express some measure of discontent with the administration and its proposals, Russell remained firm in his support".<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When competing with conservative Talmadge for the Georgian Senate seat, Russell expressed his fervent support for income tax and social welfare, consistently praised the New Deal in his speeches, and attacked Talmadge for his fiscal conservatism.<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell continued to be an outspoken economic progressive even after World War II, and was the main sponsor of the 1946 <a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">National School Lunch Act</a>, which was named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-james1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expanded and carried out projects to distribute surplus food of Georgia to poor families through food stamps and school lunch programs, and wished to tackle rural poverty.<sup id="cite_ref-james1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the establishment of a national school lunch program, Russell continuously pushed for funding it further throughout 1950s and 1960s, and sought active promotion and implementation of Georgian foods such as peanuts in the program, and saw it as a way to promote the interests of Georgian farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-james1_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg/220px-Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg/330px-Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg/440px-Lyndon_Johnson_and_Richard_Russell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>Russell and President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in 1963</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militarism">Militarism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Militarism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Russell was known for his uncompromising position toward Japan and its civilian casualties. In the late months of the war, he held that the US should not treat Japan with more leniency than Germany, and that the United States should not encourage Japan to sue for peace.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell was a prominent supporter of a strong national defense.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He used his powers as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> from 1951 to 1969, and then as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Appropriations Committee">Senate Appropriations Committee</a> as an institutional base to gain defense installations and jobs for Georgia. He was dubious about the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, privately warning President Johnson repeatedly against deeper involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Rights_Opposition">Civil Rights Opposition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civil Rights Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Bilbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Bilbo">Theodore Bilbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">"Cotton Ed" Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a>, who had reputations as ruthless, tough-talking, heavy-handed <a href="/wiki/Race_baiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Race baiting">race baiters</a>, Russell never justified hatred or acts of violence to defend segregation.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But he strongly defended <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> and apparently did not question it or ever apologize for his segregationist views, votes and speeches. For decades Russell was a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Caucus" title="Southern Caucus">Southern Caucus</a> within the Senate that blocked or watered down meaningful civil rights legislation intended to protect African Americans from <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynching</a>, disenfranchisement, and disparate treatment under the law.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell strongly condemned President Truman's pro-desegregation stance and wrote that he was "sick at heart" over it, but unlike most Southern Democrats such as <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>, he did not walk out of the convention and support the <a href="/wiki/Dixiecrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixiecrats">Dixiecrats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stern1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stern1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, Russell was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination; while he did not discuss civil rights while campaigning, his platform named "local self-government" one of the major "Jeffersonian Principles".<sup id="cite_ref-stern1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stern1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell claimed that the goal of his candidacy was to showcase the principles of "Southern Democracy" and to allow Southern Democrats to form a united front against the North. While he decisively defeated <a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1952_Florida_Democratic_presidential_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 Florida Democratic presidential primary">Florida primary</a>, Russell was opposed by most of Democrats as he refused to support the civil rights plank of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-stern1_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stern1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_H._Rowe" title="James H. Rowe">Jim Rowe</a> claimed that the sectional nature of the defeat shocked Russell and made him into a more parochial politician.<sup id="cite_ref-architect_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architect-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1956, Russell's office was continually used as a meeting place by the Southern Caucus,<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was through most of the caucus's life the acknowledged leader of the group, sending out invitations to what he called "Constitutional Democrats".<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate8_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate8-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caucus included fellow senators such as <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">James Eastland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ellender" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Ellender">Allen Ellender</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Stennis" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stennis">John Stennis</a>, the four having a commonality of being dispirited with <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>, the 1954 ruling by the US Supreme Court that said that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-architect_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-architect-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell was one of the strongest opponents of every desegregation measure in the Senate, but he remained loyal to the party. Although he called the 1960 Democratic Party platform a "complete surrender to the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> and the other extreme radicals at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>", he did agree to campaign for the Kennedy-Johnson ticket for the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stern1_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stern1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1964, President Johnson delivered the <a href="/wiki/1964_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1964 State of the Union Address">1964 State of the Union Address</a>, calling for Congress to "lift by legislation the bars of discrimination against those who seek entry into our country, particularly those who have much needed skills and those joining their families."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell issued a statement afterward stating the commitment by Southern senators to oppose such a measure, which he called "shortsighted and disastrous," while admitting the high probability of it passing. He added that the civil rights bill's true intended effect was to intermingle races, eliminate states' rights, and abolish the checks and balances system.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf/page1-150px-Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf/page1-225px-Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf/page1-300px-Sen._Russell_letter_opposing_civil_rights_act.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Letter from Russell about Civil Rights Act</figcaption></figure> <p>After Johnson signed the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, Russell (along with more than a dozen other southern Senators, including <a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Herman Talmadge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Long">Russell Long</a>) <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotted</a> the <a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although he had served as a prime mentor of Johnson, Russell and Johnson disagreed over <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">civil rights</a>. Johnson supported this as President. Russell, a segregationist, had repeatedly blocked and defeated federal civil rights legislation via use of the <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_Moderate?"><span id="Southern_Moderate.3F"></span>Southern Moderate?</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Southern Moderate?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell was considered to be moderate in his support for segregation;<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1936, he often attacked <a href="/wiki/Race-baiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Race-baiting">race-baiting</a>, such as the claim that New Deal legislation would mostly benefit black people.<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/W._J._Cash" title="W. J. Cash">W. J. Cash</a> considered Russell "the better sort of Southerner," as he was ready to call out "ruffian appeals to race hatred" made by others.<sup id="cite_ref-mead_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mead-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Thomas Gay claimed that Russell "wished blacks no ill;"<sup id="cite_ref-james1_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 1950s, Russell corresponded with a black voter from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin,_Georgia,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin, Georgia, (page does not exist)">Dublin, Georgia,</a> Hercules Moore, who raised concerns that African-American children were being treated unfairly in the school lunch program, which was funded federally. Russell took the matter seriously and "later gave Moore satisfactory evidence that the program was being properly administered for children of both races.".<sup id="cite_ref-james1_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-james1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abe_Fortas_Nomination">Abe Fortas Nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Abe Fortas Nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell's support for first-term senator <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> paved the way for Johnson to become <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Senate Majority Leader</a>. Russell often dined at Johnson's house during their Senate days.<sup id="cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, their 20-year friendship came to an end during Johnson's presidency, in a fight over the 1968 nomination as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abe_Fortas" title="Abe Fortas">Abe Fortas</a>, Johnson's friend and Supreme Court justice.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In June 1968, Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> announced his decision to retire. President Johnson afterward announced the nomination of Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Abe_Fortas" title="Abe Fortas">Abe Fortas</a> for the position. David Greenburg wrote that when Russell "decided in early July to oppose Fortas, he brought most of his fellow Dixiecrats with him."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_Warrior">Cold Warrior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cold Warrior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1961, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> requested Russell place the Presidential wreath at the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknowns">Tomb of the Unknowns</a> during an appearance at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell scheduled a closed door meeting for the Senate Armed Services Committee for August 31, 1961, at the time of Senator <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> requesting the committee vote on whether to vote to investigate "a conspiracy to muzzle military anti-Communist drives."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late February 1963, the Senate Armed Services Committee was briefed by Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> on policy in the Caribbean. Russell said afterward that he believed that American airmen would strike down foreign jets in international waters and only inquire on the aircraft's purpose there afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russell_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Russell_statue.jpg/220px-Russell_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Russell_statue.jpg/330px-Russell_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Russell_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>A statue of Russell by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hart_(sculptor)" title="Frederick Hart (sculptor)">Frederick Hart</a> is in the rotunda of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell Senate Office Building</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Warren_Commission">Warren Commission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Warren Commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1963 to 1964, Russell was one of the members of the <a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Warren Commission</a>, which was charged to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">assassination of President John F. Kennedy</a> in November 1963. Russell's personal papers indicated that he was troubled by the Commission's <a href="/wiki/Single-bullet_theory" title="Single-bullet theory">single-bullet theory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s failure to provide greater detail regarding <a href="/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald" title="Lee Harvey Oswald">Lee Harvey Oswald</a>'s period in Russia, and the lack of information regarding Oswald's Cuba-related activities.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a January 1970 television interview, Russell stated that he accepted Oswald shot Kennedy but that he doubted he had acted alone, explaining that "too many things caused me to doubt that he planned it all by himself".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell had written a <a href="/wiki/Dissenting_opinion" title="Dissenting opinion">dissenting opinion</a> for the Warren Commission that "a number of suspicious circumstances" could not allow him to agree that there was no conspiracy to kill Kennedy and that citing a lack of evidence he believed this "preclude[d] the conclusive determination that Oswald and Oswald alone, without the knowledge, encouragement or assistance of any other person, planned and perpetrated the assassination". With Russell's agreement this statement was not included in the final report.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Russell was seen as a hero by many of the pro <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a> South. While undoubtedly a skilled politician of immense influence, his lifelong support of <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> has marred his legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell publicly said that America was "a white man's country, yes, and we are going to keep it that way." He also said he was vehemently opposed to "political and social equality with the Negro." Russell also supported <a href="/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Poll taxes in the United States">poll taxes</a> across the South and called President Truman's support of civil rights for black Americans an "uncalled-for attack on our Southern civilization."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russell has been honored by having the following named for him: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell Senate Office Building</a>, oldest of the three U.S. Senate office buildings. In 2018, Democratic Senate minority leader <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Schumer">Charles Schumer</a> called for the renaming of the building with the name of recently deceased Republican Senator <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_Special_Collections_Building" title="Richard B. Russell Special Collections Building">Richard B. Russell Special Collections Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>, which houses the <a href="/wiki/Hargrett_Rare_Book_and_Manuscript_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library">Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Library_for_Political_Research_and_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Russell Library for Political Research and Studies">Russell Library for Political Research and Studies</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_J._Brown_Media_Archives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter J. Brown Media Archives (page does not exist)">Walter J. Brown Media Archives</a>, and the Peabody Awards Collection.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Hall_(Georgia)" title="Russell Hall (Georgia)">Russell Hall</a>, a co-ed <a href="/wiki/Dormitory" title="Dormitory">dormitory</a> for first-year students at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Russell Hall, a building at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_College_of_Public_Health" title="University of Georgia College of Public Health">University of Georgia College of Public Health</a> that houses nineteen classrooms within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Georgia" title="Athens, Georgia">Athens, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Russell Auditorium at <a href="/wiki/Georgia_College_%26_State_University" title="Georgia College & State University">Georgia College and State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milledgeville,_Georgia" title="Milledgeville, Georgia">Milledgeville, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_Lake" title="Richard B. Russell Lake">Richard B. Russell Dam and Lake</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_Multiple_Resource_Area" title="Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area">Richard B. Russell Multiple Resource Area</a>, located on the upper <a href="/wiki/Savannah_River" title="Savannah River">Savannah River</a> between <a href="/wiki/Elberton,_Georgia" title="Elberton, Georgia">Elberton, Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Calhoun_Falls,_South_Carolina" title="Calhoun Falls, South Carolina">Calhoun Falls, South Carolina</a>. A Georgia <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state park</a> on the shores of that lake also <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_State_Park" title="Richard B. Russell State Park">bears Russell's name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Russell_Airport" title="Richard B. Russell Airport">Richard B. Russell Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome,_Georgia" title="Rome, Georgia">Rome, Georgia</a>, the regional <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airport serving <a href="/wiki/Floyd_County,_Georgia" title="Floyd County, Georgia">Floyd County, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Senator Russell's Sweet Potatoes are a favorite southern dish around the holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Richard_B._Russell" title="USS Richard B. Russell">USS Richard B. Russell (SSN-687)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon-class_submarine" title="Sturgeon-class submarine"><i>Sturgeon</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarine</a>.</li> <li>Richard B. Russell Highway, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Russell%E2%80%93Brasstown_Scenic_Byway" title="Russell–Brasstown Scenic Byway">Russell–Brasstown Scenic Byway</a></li> <li>Richard B. Russell Parkway in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Valley,_Georgia" title="Fort Valley, Georgia">Fort Valley, Georgia</a></li> <li>Richard B. Russell Middle School in <a href="/wiki/Winder,_Georgia" title="Winder, Georgia">Winder, Georgia</a></li></ul> <p>In 2020, former <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Board_of_Regents" title="Georgia Board of Regents">Georgia Board of Regents</a> Chairman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachin_Shailendra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachin Shailendra (page does not exist)">Sachin Shailendra</a> and then Chancellor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Wrigley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Wrigley (page does not exist)">Steve Wrigley</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_System_of_Georgia" title="University System of Georgia">University System of Georgia</a> tasked an advisory group to review the names of buildings and colleges across all campuses within the <a href="/wiki/University_System_of_Georgia" title="University System of Georgia">USG</a>. Members of the advisory group consisted of Marion Fedrick, the tenth and current president of <a href="/wiki/Albany_State_University" title="Albany State University">Albany State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Georgia" title="Albany, Georgia">Albany, Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Patrick" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Patrick">Michael Patrick</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chick-fil-A" title="Chick-fil-A">Chick-fil-A</a>, retired judge Herbert Phipps of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Court_of_Appeals" title="Georgia Court of Appeals">Georgia Court of Appeals</a>, current chairman of the University of Georgia Foundation, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neal_J._Quirk_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neal J. Quirk Sr. (page does not exist)">Neal J. Quirk Sr.</a>, and Dr. Sally Wallace, the current dean of the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young_School_of_Policy_Studies" title="Andrew Young School of Policy Studies">Andrew Young School of Policy Studies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_University" title="Georgia State University">Georgia State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite recommendations from the advisory group to rename all buildings associated with Russell, the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Board_of_Regents" title="Georgia Board of Regents">Georgia Board of Regents</a> did not move forward with any of the final recommendations from the advisory group's report.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_georgia/col2-content/main-content-list/title_russell_richard.default.html">"Richard Brevard Russell"</a>. <i>National Governors Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioguide.congress.gov&rft.atitle=Russell%2C+Richard+Brevard+Jr.+%E2%80%93+Biographical+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-todayinGA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-todayinGA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgias-literacy-test">"August 21: Georgia's Literacy Test"</a>. <i>Today in Georgia History</i>. Georgia Historical Society & Georgia Public Broadcasting. 2011–2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today+in+Georgia+History&rft.atitle=August+21%3A+Georgia%27s+Literacy+Test&rft.date=2011%2F2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayingeorgiahistory.org%2Fcontent%2Fgeorgias-literacy-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2002" class="citation book cs1">Caro, Robert (2002). <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Senate" title="Master of the Senate"><i>Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. pp. 169–172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0"><bdi>0-394-52836-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+of+the+Senate%3A+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson&rft.pages=169-172&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-394-52836-0&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CaroSenate7-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate7_16-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2002" class="citation book cs1">Caro, Robert (2002). "7. A Russell of the Russells of Georgia". <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Senate" title="Master of the Senate"><i>Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0"><bdi>0-394-52836-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.+A+Russell+of+the+Russells+of+Georgia&rft.btitle=Master+of+the+Senate%3A+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-394-52836-0&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611205935/http://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId=ead%2Frussell_subgroupA.xml">"Richard B. Russell Jr. Collection, Subgroup A: Georgia Legislative/Speaker of the House Papers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId%3Dead%2Frussell_subgroupA.xml">the original</a> on June 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+B.+Russell+Jr.+Collection%2C+Subgroup+A%3A+Georgia+Legislative%2FSpeaker+of+the+House+Papers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frusselldoc.galib.uga.edu%2Frussell%2Fview%3FdocId%253Dead%252Frussell_subgroupA.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2002" class="citation book cs1">Caro, Robert (2002). <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Senate" title="Master of the Senate"><i>Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. pp. 188–189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0"><bdi>0-394-52836-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+of+the+Senate%3A+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=188-189&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-394-52836-0&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyd2012" class="citation book cs1">Boyd, Tim S. R. (2012). <i>Georgia Democrats, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Shaping of the New South</i>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813061474" title="Special:BookSources/9780813061474"><bdi>9780813061474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgia+Democrats%2C+the+Civil+Rights+Movement%2C+and+the+Shaping+of+the+New+South&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780813061474&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=Tim+S.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-105sdoc8/pdf/CDOC-105sdoc8.pdf">"Dedication and Unveiling of the Statue of Richard Brevard Russell, Jr., P.31"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dedication+and+Unveiling+of+the+Statue+of+Richard+Brevard+Russell%2C+Jr.%2C+P.31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCDOC-105sdoc8%2Fpdf%2FCDOC-105sdoc8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFite1991" class="citation web cs1">Fite, Gilbert C. (September 3, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMI1O290OtQC&dq=Richard+B.+Russell,+Jr.,+Senator+from+Georgia+fair+labor+standards+act&pg=PA134">"Richard B. Russell, Jr., Senator from Georgia"</a>. UNC Press Books. p. 134 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+B.+Russell%2C+Jr.%2C+Senator+from+Georgia&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=1991-09-03&rft.aulast=Fite&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzMI1O290OtQC%26dq%3DRichard%2BB.%2BRussell%2C%2BJr.%2C%2BSenator%2Bfrom%2BGeorgia%2Bfair%2Blabor%2Bstandards%2Bact%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mead-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mead_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead1981" class="citation journal cs1">Mead, Howard N. (1981). "Russell vs. Talmadge: Southern Politics and the New Deal". <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>65</b> (1). Georgia Historical Society: 28–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Russell+vs.+Talmadge%3A+Southern+Politics+and+the+New+Deal&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=28-45&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Howard+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-james1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-james1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-james1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-james1_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-james1_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-james1_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gay, James Thomas (1996). "Richard B. Russell and the National School Lunch Program". <i>The Georgia Historical Quarterly</i>. <b>80</b> (4). Georgia Historical Society: 859–872.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Historical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Richard+B.+Russell+and+the+National+School+Lunch+Program&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=859-872&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Gay&rft.aufirst=James+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Correspondence between Richard Russell and Harry S. Truman, August 7 and 9, 1945, regarding the situation with Japan." <i>Papers of Harry S. Truman: Official File</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org">Truman Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert C. Fite, <i>Richard B. Russell Jr., Senator From Georgia</i> (1991) pp. 349–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/lbj-and-richard-russell-on-vietnam">"LBJ AND RICHARD RUSSELL ON VIETNAM"</a>. <i>UVA Miller Center</i>. May 27, 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UVA+Miller+Center&rft.atitle=LBJ+AND+RICHARD+RUSSELL+ON+VIETNAM&rft.date=1964-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fthe-presidency%2Feducational-resources%2Flbj-and-richard-russell-on-vietnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stern1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stern1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stern1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stern1_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stern1_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1991" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Mark (1991). "Lyndon Johnson and Richard Russell: Institutions, Ambitions and Civil Rights". <i>Presidential Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>21</b> (4). Wiley on behalf of the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress: 687–704.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Lyndon+Johnson+and+Richard+Russell%3A+Institutions%2C+Ambitions+and+Civil+Rights&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=687-704&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-architect-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-architect_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-architect_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2006" class="citation book cs1">Woods, Randall (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lbj00rand/page/303"><i>LBJ: Architect of American Ambition</i></a></span>. Free Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lbj00rand/page/303">303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684834580" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684834580"><bdi>978-0684834580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LBJ%3A+Architect+of+American+Ambition&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0684834580&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flbj00rand%2Fpage%2F303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CaroSenate8-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CaroSenate8_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro2002" class="citation book cs1">Caro, Robert (2002). "8. We of the South". <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Senate" title="Master of the Senate"><i>Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-52836-0"><bdi>0-394-52836-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.+We+of+the+South&rft.btitle=Master+of+the+Senate%3A+The+Years+of+Lyndon+Johnson&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-394-52836-0&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1964" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson, Lyndon B.</a> (January 8, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26787">"91 – Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union"</a>. American Presidency Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=91+%E2%80%93+Annual+Message+to+the+Congress+on+the+State+of+the+Union.&rft.pub=American+Presidency+Project&rft.date=1964-01-08&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Lyndon+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fws%2Findex.php%3Fpid%3D26787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=A7-hzOuI2KQC&dat=19640109&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"South's Senators To Fight 'Rights'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sarasota_Herald-Tribune" title="Sarasota Herald-Tribune">Sarasota Herald-Tribune</a></i>. 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October 17, 1993. p. 6–A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rome+News-Tribune&rft.atitle=Senator+Russell%27s+papers+show+he+disagreed+with+Warren+report&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=246&rft.pages=6-A&rft.date=1993-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DbhMwAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3085%252C4917493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/hsca/reportvols/vol11/pdf/HSCA_Vol11_WC_1_Operations.pdf">"HSCA Report, Vol. 11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HSCA+Report%2C+Vol.+11&rft.pages=14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aarclibrary.org%2Fpublib%2Fjfk%2Fhsca%2Freportvols%2Fvol11%2Fpdf%2FHSCA_Vol11_WC_1_Operations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gastateparks.org/info/richbruss/">the original</a> on June 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gastateparks.org&rft.atitle=Georgia+State+Parks+%E2%80%93+Richard+B.+Russell+State+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgastateparks.org%2Finfo%2Frichbruss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504203253/http://www.floydcountyga.org/Airport/about_air.htm">"Richard B Russell Airport"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floydcountyga.org/Airport/about_air.htm">the original</a> on May 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+B+Russell+Airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.floydcountyga.org%2FAirport%2Fabout_air.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfoodandfamily.com/member-recipe/00131155/senator-russells-sweet-potato-casserole">"Senator Russell's Sweet Potato Casserole"</a>. <i>My Food and Family</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+Food+and+Family&rft.atitle=Senator+Russell%27s+Sweet+Potato+Casserole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfoodandfamily.com%2Fmember-recipe%2F00131155%2Fsenator-russells-sweet-potato-casserole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lostrecipesfound.com/senator-russells-sweet-potatoes/">"Senator Russell's Sweet Potato Casserole – Lost Recipes Found"</a>. <i>Lost Recipes Found</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lost+Recipes+Found&rft.atitle=Senator+Russell%27s+Sweet+Potato+Casserole+%E2%80%93+Lost+Recipes+Found&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flostrecipesfound.com%2Fsenator-russells-sweet-potatoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usg.edu/news/release/advisory_group_to_review_names_used_on_university_system_of_georgia_campuse">"Advisory Group To Review Names Used On University System of Georgia Campuses | Communications | University System of Georgia"</a>. <i>University System of Georgia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+System+of+Georgia&rft.atitle=Advisory+Group+To+Review+Names+Used+On+University+System+of+Georgia+Campuses+%7C+Communications+%7C+University+System+of+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usg.edu%2Fnews%2Frelease%2Fadvisory_group_to_review_names_used_on_university_system_of_georgia_campuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usg.edu/naming_advisory_group">"Naming Advisory Group | University System of Georgia"</a>. <i>University System of Georgia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+System+of+Georgia&rft.atitle=Naming+Advisory+Group+%7C+University+System+of+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usg.edu%2Fnaming_advisory_group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_sources">Further sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Logue, Calvin McLeod and Freshley, Dwight L., eds. (1997). <i>Voice of Georgia: Speeches of Richard B. Russell, 1928–1969</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNixon" class="citation web cs1">Nixon, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fth&AN=32359559&site=eds-live&scope=site">"Remarks Honoring the Late Senator Richard Brevard Russell in Atlanta, Georgia. January 23, 1971"</a>. American Reference Library – Primary Source Documents<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+Honoring+the+Late+Senator+Richard+Brevard+Russell+in+Atlanta%2C+Georgia.+January+23%2C+1971&rft.pub=American+Reference+Library+%E2%80%93+Primary+Source+Documents&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dfth%26AN%3D32359559%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_secondary_sources">Scholarly secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Scholarly secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?30441-1/richard-b-russell-jr"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Gilbert Fite on <i>Richard B. Russell Jr., Senator From Georgia</i>, August 2, 1992</a> <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Barrett, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2150900">"The Mythology Surrounding Lyndon Johnson, His Advisers, and the 1965 Decision to Escalate the Vietnam War."</a> Political Science Quarterly 103, no. 4 (1988): 637–63.</li> <li>Campbell, Charles E. (2013). <i>Senator Richard B. Russell and my Career as a Trial Lawyer.</i> Macon, GA: Mercer University Press)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro,_Robert_A." class="mw-redirect" title="Caro, Robert A.">Caro, Robert A.</a> (2002). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Lyndon_Johnson,_vol_3:_Master_of_the_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol 3: Master of the Senate">The Years of Lyndon Johnson, vol 3: Master of the Senate</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Fite" title="Gilbert Fite">Fite, Gilbert</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=51073646"><i>Richard B. Russell Jr., Senator from Georgia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223225404/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=51073646">Archived</a> February 23, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Finley, Keith M. (2008). <i>Delaying the Dream: Southern Senators and the Fight Against Civil Rights, 1938–1965</i> Baton Rouge: LSU Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807133450" title="Special:BookSources/0807133450">0807133450</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin2014" class="citation journal cs1">Franklin, Sekou (2014). "The elasticity of anti-civil rights discourse: Albert Gore Sr., Richard Russell, and constituent relations in the 1950s and 1960s". <i>Social Identities</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13504630.2013.840574">10.1080/13504630.2013.840574</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144032586">144032586</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.atitle=The+elasticity+of+anti-civil+rights+discourse%3A+Albert+Gore+Sr.%2C+Richard+Russell%2C+and+constituent+relations+in+the+1950s+and+1960s&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=90&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630.2013.840574&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144032586%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Sekou&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gay, James Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40583600">"Richard B. Russell and the National School Lunch Program."</a> The Georgia Historical Quarterly 80, no. 4 (1996): 859–72.</li> <li>Goldsmith, John A. (1993). <i>Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice, Lyndon B. Johnson</i>.</li> <li>Grant, Philip A. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40579514">"Editorial Reaction to the 1952 Presidential Candidacy of Richard B. Russell."</a> Georgia Historical Quarterly 1973 57(2): 167–178.</li> <li>Mann, Robert (1996). <i>The Walls of Jericho: Lyndon Johnson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Russell and the Struggle for Civil Rights.</i></li> <li>Mead, Howard N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40580744">"Russell vs. Talmadge: Southern Politics and the New Deal."</a> <i>Georgia Historical Quarterly</i> 1981 65(1): 28–45.</li> <li>Potenziani, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40580793">"Striking Back: Richard B. Russell and Racial Relocation."</a> The Georgia Historical Quarterly 65, no. 3 (1981): 263–77.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=106092311">Shelley II, Mack C. (1983). <i>The Permanent Majority: The Conservative Coalition in the United States Congress</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090604174516/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=106092311">Archived</a> June 4, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Stern, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27550807">"Lyndon Johnson and Richard Russell: Institutions, Ambitions and Civil Rights."</a> Presidential Studies Quarterly 21, no. 4 (1991): 687–704.</li> <li>Ziemke, Caroline F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40581768">"Senator Richard B. Russell and the 'Lost Cause' in Vietnam, 1954–1968,"</a> <i>Georgia Historical Quarterly</i> 1988 72(1): 30–71.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000536" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000536">"Richard Russell Jr. (id: R000536)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Richard+Russell+Jr.+%28id%3A+R000536%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Russell,_Jr." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Russell, Jr.">Richard Russell, Jr.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000536" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000536">"Richard Russell Jr. (id: R000536)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Richard+Russell+Jr.+%28id%3A+R000536%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Russell+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Richard_Brevard_Russell,_Jr.">Richard Brevard Russell Jr. biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126011813/http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Richard_Brevard_Russell,_Jr.">Archived</a> January 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/pdfs/8.pdf#zoom=100">Letter from Senator Russell to President Truman 7 August 1945 after Bombing of Hiroshima</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308053137/https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/bomb/large/documents/pdfs/8.pdf#zoom=100">Archived</a> March 8, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1391">The New Georgia Encyclopedia entry for Richard B. Russell Jr.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916094835/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1391">Archived</a> September 16, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libs.uga.edu/russell/">Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055539/http://www.uga.edu/housing/tour/russell.html">Russell Community and Hall at UGA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207093149/http://www.gastateparks.org/info/richbruss/">Richard B. Russell State Park</a></li> <li>A film clip <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.95749">"Longines Chronoscope with Richard B. Russell"</a> is available for viewing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/CollectionsA-Z/bball_search.html">Legends of the Dead-Ball Era, 1909–1913: Childhood baseball card collection of Richard B. Russell Jr.</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Library_of_Georgia" title="Digital Library of Georgia">Digital Library of Georgia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/barrow/russell-house">Russell House</a> historical marker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?9254335">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Lamartine Griffin Hardman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1930_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="1930 Georgia gubernatorial election">1930</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">William J. Harris</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 2</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="1932 United States Senate special election in Georgia">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1936 United States Senate election in Georgia">1936</a>, <a href="/wiki/1942_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1942 United States Senate election in Georgia">1942</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1948 United States Senate election in Georgia">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1954 United States Senate election in Georgia">1954</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1960 United States Senate election in Georgia">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Georgia" title="1966 United States Senate election in Georgia">1966</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Lamartine G. Hardman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governor of Georgia</a> </b><br />1931–1933 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">Eugene Talmadge</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Millard Tydings</a><br />Maryland</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> </b><br />1951–1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a><br />Massachusetts</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a><br />Massachusetts</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> </b><br />1955–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">John C. Stennis</a><br />Mississippi</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl T. Hayden</a> <br /> Arizona</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />1969–1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a> <br /> Louisiana</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">Senate Appropriations Committee</a> </b><br />1969–1971 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_S._Cohen" title="John S. Cohen">John S. Cohen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia"> U.S. senator (Class 2) from Georgia</a> </b><br />1933–1971 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">Walter F. George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Herman Talmadge</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">David H. Gambrell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Carl T. Hayden</a><br />Arizona</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />January 3, 1969 – January 21, 1971 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Allen J. Ellender</a><br />Louisiana</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Template talk:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Georgia" title="List of United States senators from Georgia">United States senators from Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Few" title="William Few">Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Jones (U.S. senator)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bellinger_Bulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bellinger Bulloch">Bulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyatt_Bibb" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wyatt Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Walker" title="Freeman Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ware" title="Nicholas Ware">Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Cobb" title="Thomas W. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_H._Prince" title="Oliver H. Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pendleton_King" title="John Pendleton King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Charlton" title="Robert M. Charlton">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Toombs" title="Robert Toombs">Toombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_V._M._Miller" title="Homer V. M. Miller">H. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Norwood" title="Thomas M. Norwood">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harvey_Hill" title="Benjamin Harvey Hill">B. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Barrow" title="Pope Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">A. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Walsh_(Southern_U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Walsh (Southern U.S. politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_West" title="William Stanley West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Harris" title="William J. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Cohen" title="John S. Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Gambrell" title="David H. Gambrell">Gambrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxby_Chambliss" title="Saxby Chambliss">Chambliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Perdue" title="David Perdue">Perdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Ossoff</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (senator)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_(Georgia_politician)" title="John Elliott (Georgia politician)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Berrien" title="John M. Berrien">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cuthbert" title="Alfred Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_T._Colquitt" title="Walter T. Colquitt">W. Colquitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crosby_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Crosby Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Iverson_Sr." title="Alfred Iverson Sr.">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Hill_(politician)" title="Joshua Hill (politician)">J. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">Talmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Mattingly" title="Mack Mattingly">Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyche_Fowler" title="Wyche Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Coverdell" title="Paul Coverdell">Coverdell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Z. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Isakson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Loeffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Warnock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template talk:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1789)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Lee</a> (1792)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Izard" title="Ralph Izard">Izard</a> (1794)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tazewell" title="Henry Tazewell">H. Tazewell</a> (1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1796)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham">Bingham</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="William Bradford (Rhode Island politician)">Bradford</a> (1979)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Read" title="Jacob Read">Read</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Tracy" title="Uriah Tracy">Tracy</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a> (1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (1801–1802)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1802–1803)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a> (1803–1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a> (1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a> (1805)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1805–1808)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1810)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a> (1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1814–1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a> (1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1820–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1828–1831)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Littleton_Waller_Tazewell" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell">L. Tazewell</a> (1832)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a> (1832–1833)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a> (1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> (1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a> (1841–1842)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a> (1842–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a> (1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1846–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a> (1852–1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> (1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1854–1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">Stuart</a> (1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">Mason</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1857–1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire politician)">Clark</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_S._Foster" title="Lafayette S. Foster">Foster</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a> (1867–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a> (1875–1879)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a> (1879–1880)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a> (1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a> (1883–1885)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1885–1887)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ingalls" title="John J. Ingalls">Ingalls</a> (1887–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Manderson" title="Charles F. Manderson">Manderson</a> (1891–1893)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1896–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Brandegee" title="Frank B. Brandegee">Brandegee</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a> (1913–1916)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Jr." title="Willard Saulsbury Jr.">Saulsbury</a> (1916–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a> (1925–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Pittman</a> (1933–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._King" title="William H. King">W. H. King</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a> (1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a> (1957–1969)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Young</a> (1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1995–2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/90px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/135px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/180px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> Independent</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deans_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_deans" title="Template:US Senate deans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_deans" title="Template talk:US Senate deans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_deans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate deans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deans_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Deans of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn (senator)">Gunn</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Foster" title="Theodore Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ruggles" title="Benjamin Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">Bayard</a>/<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler" title="Zachariah Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._M._Simmons" title="F. M. Simmons">Simmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Borah" title="William Borah">Borah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Georgia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Georgia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governors of Georgia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>1777–<i>present</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Bulloch" title="Archibald Bulloch">Bulloch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Gwinnett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Treutlen" title="John A. Treutlen">Treutlen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Glascock" title="William Glascock">Glascock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seth_John_Cuthbert" title="Seth John Cuthbert">Cuthbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wereat" title="John Wereat">Wereat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howly" title="Richard Howly">Howly</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Wells_(Georgia_politician)" title="George Wells (Georgia politician)">George Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wells" title="Humphrey Wells">Humphrey Wells</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Heard" title="Stephen Heard">Heard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myrick_Davies" title="Myrick Davies">Davies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="John Martin (Governor of Georgia)">Martin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Hall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Elbert" title="Samuel Elbert">Elbert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Handley_(politician)" title="George Handley (politician)">Handley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">Walton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Telfair" title="Edward Telfair">Telfair</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Mathews_(soldier)" title="George Mathews (soldier)">Mathews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Jackson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Jackson (Georgia politician)">Jackson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Emanuel_(Governor_of_Georgia)" title="David Emanuel (Governor of Georgia)">Emanuel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tattnall_(politician)" title="Josiah Tattnall (politician)">Tattnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Irwin" title="Jared Irwin">Irwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Early" title="Peter Early">Early</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Brydie_Mitchell" title="David Brydie Mitchell">Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Rabun" title="William Rabun">Rabun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Talbot" title="Matthew Talbot">Talbot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Clark_(Georgia_governor)" title="John Clark (Georgia governor)">Clark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Lumpkin" title="Wilson Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Schley" title="William Schley">Schley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rockingham_Gilmer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rockingham Gilmer">Gilmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_McDonald" title="Charles James McDonald">McDonald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">Crawford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Towns" title="George W. Towns">Towns</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Brown" title="Joseph E. Brown">J. E. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(Georgia_politician)" title="James Johnson (Georgia politician)">J. Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">Jenkins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Ruger" title="Thomas H. Ruger">Ruger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Bullock" title="Rufus Bullock">Bullock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Conley" title="Benjamin F. Conley">Conley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">J. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_H._Colquitt" title="Alfred H. Colquitt">Colquitt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Stephens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Boynton" title="James S. Boynton">Boynton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dickerson_McDaniel" title="Henry Dickerson McDaniel">McDaniel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Gordon" title="John B. Gordon">Gordon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Northen" title="William J. Northen">Northen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Yates_Atkinson" title="William Yates Atkinson">Atkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_D._Candler" title="Allen D. Candler">Candler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Terrell" title="Joseph M. Terrell">Terrell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hoke_Smith" title="Hoke Smith">H. Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mackey_Brown" title="Joseph Mackey Brown">J. M. Brown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Edwin_Harris" title="Nathaniel Edwin Harris">N. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dorsey" title="Hugh Dorsey">Dorsey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Hardwick" title="Thomas W. Hardwick">Hardwick</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Walker" title="Clifford Walker">Walker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lamartine_Griffin_Hardman" title="Lamartine Griffin Hardman">Hardman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurith_D._Rivers" title="Eurith D. Rivers">Rivers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Talmadge" title="Eugene Talmadge">E. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Arnall" title="Ellis Arnall">Arnall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvin_E._Thompson" title="Melvin E. Thompson">Thompson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Talmadge" title="Herman Talmadge">H. Talmadge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Griffin" title="Marvin Griffin">Griffin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Vandiver" title="Ernest Vandiver">Vandiver</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sanders" title="Carl Sanders">Sanders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_Maddox" title="Lester Maddox">Maddox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee">Busbee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Frank_Harris" title="Joe Frank Harris">J. Harris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller">Miller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Barnes" title="Roy Barnes">Barnes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Perdue" title="Sonny Perdue">Perdue</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Deal" title="Nathan Deal">Deal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Kemp</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Governors of Georgia (U.S. state)">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Armed_Services_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Armed Services chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">United States Senate Committee on Armed Services</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Williams (Tennessee politician)">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson" title="Robert Ward Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Spencer" title="George E. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_F._Randolph" title="Theodore F. Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sewell" title="William J. Sewell">Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Walthall" title="Edward C. Walthall">Walthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._du_Pont" title="Henry A. du Pont">du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Johnston" title="Joseph F. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Chamberlain" title="George E. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Reed" title="David A. Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Sheppard" title="Morris Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Reynolds" title="Robert R. Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_D._Thomas" title="Elbert D. Thomas">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval Affairs Committee <br /> (1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tait_(politician)" title="Charles Tait (politician)">Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pleasants" title="James Pleasants">Pleasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Rives" title="William Cabell Rives">Rives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuel_Williams" title="Reuel Williams">R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Bayard" title="Richard H. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fairfield" title="John Fairfield">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mallory" title="Stephen Mallory">Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">J. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Grimes" title="James W. Grimes">Grimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_H._Cragin" title="Aaron H. Cragin">Cragin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_A._Sargent" title="Aaron A. Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._McPherson" title="John R. McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron" title="J. Donald Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hale_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Hale (U.S. senator)">F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Trammell" title="Park Trammell">Trammell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armed Services Committee <br />(1947–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Gurney" title="Chan Gurney">Gurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">Tydings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Inhofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Reed_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)">Reed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Appropriations_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Appropriations_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Appropriations_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States Senate Committee on Appropriations">United States Senate Committee on Appropriations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Cole" title="Cornelius Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_M._Morrill" title="Lot M. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">Windom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cockrell" title="Francis Cockrell">Cockrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Hale" title="Eugene Hale">E. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_L._Jones" title="Wesley L. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hale_(U.S._senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Hale (U.S. senator)">F. Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McClellan" title="John L. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hatfield" title="Mark Hatfield">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hatfield" title="Mark Hatfield">Hatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Shelby" title="Richard Shelby">Shelby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WarrenCommission" title="Template:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WarrenCommission" title="Template talk:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WarrenCommission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WarrenCommission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Warren_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Commission" title="Warren Commission">Members of the Warren Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Hale Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman_Cooper" title="John Sherman Cooper">John Sherman Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" class="mw-redirect" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCloy" title="John J. McCloy">John J. McCloy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Template:Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Template talk:Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives">Speakers of the Georgia House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Wimberly_Jones" title="Noble Wimberly Jones">N. W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Whitefield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Whitefield (page does not exist)">Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Wimberly_Jones" title="Noble Wimberly Jones">N. W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Glascock" title="William Glascock">W. Glascock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbons_(American_politician)" title="William Gibbons (American politician)">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Saltus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Saltus (page does not exist)">Saltus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Clay_(Georgia_soldier)" title="Joseph Clay (Georgia soldier)">J. Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Habersham" title="Joseph Habersham">Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Houstoun" title="John Houstoun">Houstoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Wimberly_Jones" title="Noble Wimberly Jones">N. W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbons_(American_politician)" title="William Gibbons (American politician)">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Habersham" title="James Habersham">James Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Habersham" title="Joseph Habersham">Joseph Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbons_(American_politician)" title="William Gibbons (American politician)">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Brownson" title="Nathan Brownson">Brownson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Powell_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Powell (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaborn_Jones" title="Seaborn Jones">S. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibbons_(American_politician)" title="William Gibbons (American politician)">Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Napier_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Napier (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Stevens_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Stevens (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Meriwether_(Georgia_politician)" title="David Meriwether (Georgia politician)">D. Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Jackson (page does not exist)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Whitaker_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Whitaker (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Iverson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Iverson (page does not exist)">Iverson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Whitaker_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Whitaker (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Whitaker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Adams_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Adams (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Witt_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Witt (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Adams_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Adams (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Daniel_Jr." title="Allen Daniel Jr.">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Adams_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Adams (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Abercrombie_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Abercrombie (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Abercrombie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_W._Murray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas W. Murray (page does not exist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irby_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irby Hudson (page does not exist)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Jourdan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren Jourdan (page does not exist)">Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asbury_Hull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asbury Hull (page does not exist)">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Glascock" title="Thomas Glascock">T. Glascock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Day_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Day (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">Joseph Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">C. J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Wofford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Wofford (page does not exist)">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Jenkins" title="Charles J. Jenkins">C.J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Anderson_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Anderson (Georgia) (page does not exist)">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Archibald_Meriwether" title="James Archibald Meriwether">J. Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_Ward" title="John Elliott Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Stiles" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Stiles">Stiles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H.W._Underwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H.W. Underwood (page does not exist)">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Tucker_Irvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Tucker Irvin (page does not exist)">Irvin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_J._Williams_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles J. Williams (Georgia) (page does not exist)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Akin_Sr." title="Warren Akin Sr.">Akin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardeman_Jr." title="Thomas Hardeman Jr.">Hardeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McWhorter" title="Robert McWhorter">McWhorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Milton_Smith" title="James Milton Smith">J. M. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_B._Cumming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph B. Cumming (page does not exist)">Cumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardeman_Jr." title="Thomas Hardeman Jr.">Hardeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_F._Garrard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis F. Garrard (page does not exist)">Garrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Little_(Georgia_judge)" title="William A. Little (Georgia judge)">W. A. Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_S._Clay" title="Alexander S. Clay">A. S. Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Howell" title="Clark Howell">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Yates_Atkinson" title="William Yates Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Fleming" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Fleming">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hudson_A._Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hudson A. Jenkins (page does not exist)">H. A. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_D._Little_(Georgia_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John D. Little (Georgia politician) (page does not exist)">J. D. Little</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newton_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Newton Morris (page does not exist)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Slaton" title="John M. Slaton">Slaton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_N._Holder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John N. Holder (page does not exist)">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_H._Burwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William H. Burwell (page does not exist)">Burwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_N._Holder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John N. Holder (page does not exist)">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cecil_Neill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cecil Neill (page does not exist)">Neill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlie_Daniel_Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlie Daniel Tucker (page does not exist)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurith_D._Rivers" title="Eurith D. Rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_V._Harris" title="Roy V. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randall_Evans,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randall Evans, Jr. (page does not exist)">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_V._Harris" title="Roy V. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barrow_Hand" title="Frederick Barrow Hand">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_E._Moate" title="Marvin E. Moate">Moate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Smith_(Georgia_politician)" title="George L. Smith (Georgia politician)">G. L. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Smith" title="George T. Smith">G. T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Smith_(Georgia_politician)" title="George L. Smith (Georgia politician)">G. L. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Murphy_(Georgia_politician)" title="Tom Murphy (Georgia politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Coleman" title="Terry Coleman">Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Richardson" title="Glenn Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Burkhalter" title="Mark Burkhalter">Burkhalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ralston" title="David Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Jones_(Georgia_politician)" title="Jan Jones (Georgia politician)">Jones</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_G._Burns" title="Jon G. Burns">Burns</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgia State Seal"><img alt="Georgia State Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/50px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/75px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Seal_of_Georgia.svg/100px-Seal_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="297" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">← 1944</a>) <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">→ 1952</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_1948_presidential_campaign" title="Harry S. Truman 1948 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harley_M._Kilgore" title="Harley M. Kilgore">Harley M. Kilgore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Hitchcock" title="Herbert E. Hitchcock">Herbert E. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF9955;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States' Rights Democratic Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat#1948_presidential_election" title="Dixiecrat">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Fielding_L._Wright" title="Fielding L. Wright">Fielding L. Wright</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Watson" title="Claude A. Watson">Claude A. Watson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dale_H._Learn" title="Dale H. Learn">Dale H. Learn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Glen_H._Taylor" title="Glen H. Taylor">Glen H. Taylor</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tucker_P._Smith" title="Tucker P. Smith">Tucker P. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Grace_Carlson" title="Grace Carlson">Grace Carlson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1948 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">← 1948</a>) <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">→ 1956</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Mickelson" title="George T. Mickelson">George T. Mickelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Paul A. Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hamblen" title="Stuart Hamblen">Stuart Hamblen </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick" title="Enoch A. Holtwick">Enoch A. Holtwick</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Hallinan" title="Vincent Hallinan">Vincent Hallinan</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charlotta_Bass" title="Charlotta Bass">Charlotta Bass</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Darlington Hoopes</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Farrell_Dobbs" title="Farrell Dobbs">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Longstreet_Bodin" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Longstreet Bodin">Edward Longstreet Bodin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Krajewski" title="Henry B. Krajewski">Henry B. Krajewski</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Homer_Aubrey_Tomlinson" title="Homer Aubrey Tomlinson">Homer Aubrey Tomlinson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1952 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1952 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1952 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718415#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718415#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64j0jvd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&oldid=1251709161">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Russell_Jr.&oldid=1251709161</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1897_births" title="Category:1897 births">1897 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1971_deaths" title="Category:1971 deaths">1971 deaths</a></li><li><a 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