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mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia project page</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Lead section">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEAD"></span><span id="WP:LEAD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEAD&redirect=no">MOS:LEAD</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LEAD&redirect=no">WP:LEAD</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> The lead should identify the topic and summarize the body of the article with appropriate weight.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Wikipedia, the <b>lead section</b> is an introduction to an article and a summary of its most important contents. It is located at the beginning of the article, before the <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Table_of_contents_(TOC)" title="Help:Section">table of contents</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Section_headings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">heading</a>. <a href="#Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead">It is <em>not</em></a> a news-style <a href="/wiki/News_style#Lead" title="News style">lead or "lede" paragraph</a>. </p><p>The average Wikipedia visit is a few minutes long.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lead is the first thing most people read upon arriving at an article, and may be the only portion of the article that they read.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gives the basics in a nutshell and cultivates interest in reading on—though not by teasing the reader or hinting at what follows. It should be written in a clear, accessible style with a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. </p><p>The lead should stand on its own as a concise overview of the article's topic. It should identify the topic, establish context, explain why the topic is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notable</a>, and summarize the most important points, including any prominent controversies.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notability of the article's subject is usually established in the first few sentences. As in the body of the article itself, the emphasis given to material in the lead should roughly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DUE">reflect its importance to the topic</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">reliable, published sources</a>. Apart from basic facts, significant information should not appear in the lead if it is not covered in the remainder of the article. </p><p>A lead section should be carefully sourced as appropriate, although it is common for citations to appear in the body and not the lead. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Elements"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Elements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Content"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Content</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Provide_an_accessible_overview"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Provide an accessible overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Relative_emphasis"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Relative emphasis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Opening_paragraph"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Opening paragraph</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#First_sentence"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">First sentence</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Format of the first sentence</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="#Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bolding of title and alternative names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="#Avoid_redundancy"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid redundancy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="#Avoid_these_other_common_mistakes"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Avoid these other common mistakes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="#Proper_names_and_titles"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Proper names and titles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-13"><a href="#Pronunciation"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Pronunciation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-14"><a href="#Contextual_links"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Contextual links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="#Organisms"><span class="tocnumber">3.4.1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Organisms</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Scope_of_article"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Scope of article</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Biographies"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Biographies</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Biographies'_first_sentence"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biographies' first sentence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Alternative_biographical_names"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative biographical names</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Alternative_names"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Alternative names</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Separate_section_usage"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Separate section usage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Other_languages"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other languages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Stubs"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Stubs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Length"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Length</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Editing_the_lead_section"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Editing the lead section</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Comparison to the news-style lead</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Cleanup"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Cleanup</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Special_explanatory_note"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Special explanatory note</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Elements" data-mw-thread-id="h-Elements"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Elements"></span>Elements<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Elements"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADELEMENTS"></span><span id="MOS:LEADORDER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADELEMENTS&redirect=no">MOS:LEADELEMENTS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADORDER&redirect=no">MOS:LEADORDER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Order_of_article_elements" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout § Order of article elements</a></div> <p>The lead section may contain optional elements presented in the following order: short description, disambiguation links (dablinks/hatnotes), maintenance tags, infoboxes, special character warning box, images, navigational boxes (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">navigational templates</a>), introductory text, and table of contents, moving to the heading of the first section. </p><p><b>Structure of lead section:</b> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Short description</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Hatnote</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Article for deletion</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Copy edit</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Use American English</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Use mdy dates</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Infobox rocket</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>...<span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Contains special characters</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nn">File</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">TypicalRocket.gif</span><span class="p">|</span>...<span class="p">|</span>A typical rocket<span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">Rocket Navigation</span><span class="p">}}</span> A <span class="gs">'''rocket'''</span> is a ... <span class="gu">==First section==</span> </pre></div> <ul><li><i>Short description</i> is a concise explanation of the scope of the page. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Short_description" title="Wikipedia:Short description">Wikipedia:Short description</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Short_descriptions" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Short descriptions">Wikipedia:WikiProject Short descriptions</a> for more information.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/General#Disambiguation_and_redirection" title="Wikipedia:Template index/General">Disambiguation links</a></i> should be the first visible elements of the page, before any maintenance tags, infobox, or image; if a reader has reached the wrong page, they would want to know that first. Text-only browsers and <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen readers</a> present the page sequentially. A "for topics of the same name ..." disambiguation link is sometimes put at the beginning of an article to link to another article discussing another meaning of the article title. In such cases, the line should be italicized and indented using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote#Hatnote_templates" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">hatnote templates</a>. Do not make this initial link a section. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">WP:Hatnote</a>.</span></li> <li><i>Deletion tags</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">speedy deletion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">proposed deletion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Articles for deletion">articles for deletion</a> notices).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Maintenance">Maintenance tags</a></i> should be below the disambiguation links. These tags inform the reader about the general quality of the article and should be presented to the user before the article itself.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ENGVAR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ENGVAR">English variety</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overview_of_date_formatting_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Overview of date formatting guidelines">date style</a></i> tags help editors maintain consistency in articles as they are developed.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></i> contain summary information or an overview relating to the subject of the article, and therefore should be put before any text (though, in actuality, they generally appear to the side of the text of the lead). The primary difference between an infobox and a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">navigational box</a> is the presence of parameters: a navigational box is exactly the same in all articles of the same topic, while an infobox has different contents in each article.</li> <li><i>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Contains_special_characters" title="Template:Contains special characters">Contains special characters</a>}}</i> alerts readers that the article contains special characters which may not be supported by their platform. If required, the warning should be sufficiently near any text using the special characters that scrolling is not required to see the warning. This is generally after short infoboxes, but before long ones.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a>.</i> As with all images, but particularly the lead, the image used should be relevant and technically well-produced. It is also common for the lead image to be representative because it provides a visual association for the topic, and allow readers to quickly assess if they have arrived at the right page. Image captions are part of the article text. If the article has disambiguation links (dablinks), then the introductory image should appear just before the introductory text. Otherwise a screen reader would first read the image's caption, which is part of the article's contents, then "jump" outside the article to read the dablink, and then return to the lead section, which is an illogical sequence. <i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images#Images_for_the_lead" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images § Images for the lead</a>.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Sidebars"></span><span class="anchor" id="Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#LEADSIDEBAR"></span><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates#Navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Sidebars</a></i> are a cohesive collection of links used in multiple related articles to facilitate navigation between those articles. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:LEADSIDEBAR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LEADSIDEBAR&redirect=no">WP:LEADSIDEBAR</a></span></li></ul></div></div>The placement of a sidebar in the lead is generally discouraged;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it may be included on a case-by-case basis, placed preferably <em>after</em> the lead-section image and infobox. Outside the lead, sidebars are often placed at the top or bottom of any section of an article.</li> <li>All but the shortest articles should start with <i><a href="#First_sentence">introductory text</a></i> (the "lead"), which establishes significance, includes mention of significant criticism or controversies, and make readers want to learn more. <span class="anchor" id="LEADNOHEADING"></span>The lead has no heading. <i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles § Lead section</a>.</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Table_of_contents_(TOC)" title="Help:Section">table of contents</a></i> (ToC) automatically appears on pages with at least four headings. Avoid <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Floating_the_TOC" title="Help:Section">floating the ToC</a> if possible, as it breaks the standard look of pages. If you must use a floated TOC, put it below the lead section in the wiki markup for consistency. Users of <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen readers</a> expect the table of contents to follow the introductory text; they also miss text placed between the TOC and the first heading.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Citations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Citations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Citations"></span>Citations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Citations"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For instructions on how to "bundle" citations, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_merging" title="Help:Citation merging">Help:Citation merging</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion#Drawbacks" title="Help:Transclusion">Help:Transclusion § Drawbacks</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADCITE"></span><span id="MOS:CITELEAD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADCITE&redirect=no">MOS:LEADCITE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CITELEAD&redirect=no">MOS:CITELEAD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The lead section must conform to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biographies of living persons</a>, and other policies. The verifiability policy states that <i>all quotations, and any material whose verifiability has been challenged or is likely to be challenged, must include an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation">inline citation</a> to a reliable source that directly supports it</i>. </p><p>Because the lead usually repeats information that is in the body, editors should balance the desire to avoid redundant citations in the lead with the desire to aid readers in locating sources for challengeable material. Although the presence of citations in the lead is neither required in every article nor prohibited in any article, there is no exception to citation requirements specific to leads. The necessity for citations in a lead should be determined on a case-by-case basis by editorial <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. Complex, current, or controversial subjects may require many citations; others, few or none. </p><p>As editors are often unaware of this guideline, good faith should be assumed when <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">citation needed</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> tags are added to lead sections sometimes erroneously. <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Leadcite_comment" title="Template:Leadcite comment">Leadcite comment</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> can be added to article leads that often attract unwarranted <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_needed" title="Template:Citation needed">citation needed</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> tags. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Content" data-mw-thread-id="h-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Content"></span>Content<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Content"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Intro"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:INTRO"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:INTRO&redirect=no">MOS:INTRO</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provide_an_accessible_overview" data-mw-thread-id="h-Provide_an_accessible_overview-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Provide_an_accessible_overview-Content"></span>Provide an accessible overview<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Provide_an_accessible_overview-Content"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="summarize"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Wikipedia:Summary style</a></div> <p>The lead section should briefly summarize the most important points covered in an article, in such a way that it can stand on its own as a concise version of the article. The reason for a topic's noteworthiness should be established, or at least introduced, in the lead (but not by using subjective <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">peacock terms</a> such as "acclaimed" or "award-winning" or "hit"). It is even more important here than in the rest of the article that the text be accessible. Editors should avoid lengthy paragraphs and overly specific descriptions – greater detail is saved for the body of the article. Consideration should be given to creating interest in the article, but <a href="#Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead">do not hint</a> at startling facts without describing them. </p><p>Make the lead section accessible to as broad an audience as possible. Where possible, avoid difficult-to-understand <a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">terminology</a>, symbols, mathematical equations and formulas. Where uncommon terms are essential, they should be placed in context, linked, and briefly defined. The subject should be placed in a context familiar to a normal reader. For example, it is better to describe the location of a town with reference to an area or larger place than with coordinates. Readers should not be dropped into the middle of the subject from the first word; they should be eased into it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_emphasis" data-mw-thread-id="h-Relative_emphasis-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Relative_emphasis-Content"></span>Relative emphasis<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Relative_emphasis-Content"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Rel"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADREL"></span><span id="MOS:LEADNO"></span><span id="MOS:LEADNOTUNIQUE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADREL&redirect=no">MOS:LEADREL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADNO&redirect=no">MOS:LEADNO</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADNOTUNIQUE&redirect=no">MOS:LEADNOTUNIQUE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">the policy on due weight</a>, emphasis given to material should reflect its relative importance to the subject, according to published <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. This is true for both the lead section and the body of the article. If there is a difference in emphasis between the two, editors should seek to resolve the discrepancy. </p><p>Significant information should not appear in the lead, apart from basic facts, if it is not covered in the remainder of the article, although not everything in the lead must be repeated in the body of the text. Exceptions include specific facts such as quotations, examples, birth dates, taxonomic names, case numbers, and titles. This admonition should not be taken as a reason to exclude information from the lead, but rather to harmonize coverage in the lead with material in the body of the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_paragraph" data-mw-thread-id="h-Opening_paragraph-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Opening_paragraph-Content"></span>Opening paragraph<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Opening_paragraph-Content"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Establish_context"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:OPEN"></span><span id="MOS:BEGIN"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OPEN&redirect=no">MOS:OPEN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BEGIN&redirect=no">MOS:BEGIN</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The first paragraph should <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary#Good_definitions" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">define</a> or identify the topic with a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>, but without being too specific. It should establish the context in which the topic is being considered by supplying the set of circumstances or facts that surround it. If appropriate, it should give the location and time. It should also establish the boundaries of the topic; for example, the lead for the article <a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">List of environmental issues</a> succinctly states that the list covers "harmful aspects of human activity on the biophysical environment". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_sentence" data-mw-thread-id="h-First_sentence-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-First_sentence-Content"></span>First sentence<span data-mw-comment-end="h-First_sentence-Content"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="First_sentence_format"></span><span class="anchor" id="Clutter"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:FIRST"></span><span id="MOS:LEADSENTENCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FIRST&redirect=no">MOS:FIRST</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADSENTENCE&redirect=no">MOS:LEADSENTENCE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:FIRST" redirects here. For the guideline on ordinals, see <a href="/wiki/MOS:1ST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:1ST">MOS:1ST</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Use_of_%22refers_to%22" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles § Use of "refers to"</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary#Fixing_the_introductory_sentence:_removing_%22refers_to%22" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary § Fixing the introductory sentence: removing "refers to"</a></div> <p>The first sentence should introduce the topic, and tell the nonspecialist reader <em>what</em> or <em>who</em> the subject is, and often <em>when</em> or <em>where</em>. It should be in <a href="/wiki/Plain_English" title="Plain English">plain English</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADCLUTTER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADCLUTTER&redirect=no">MOS:LEADCLUTTER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not overload the first sentence by describing everything notable about the subject. Instead, spread the relevant information out over the entire lead. Avoid cluttering the first sentence with a long parenthetical containing items like alternative spellings and pronunciations: these can make the sentence difficult to read. This information should be placed elsewhere. </p> <ul><li>If possible, the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">page title</a> should be the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a> of the first sentence,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there are exceptions: <ul><li>If the article title is merely descriptive—such as <a href="/wiki/Electrical_characteristics_of_dynamic_loudspeakers" title="Electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers">Electrical characteristics of dynamic loudspeakers</a>—the title does not need to appear verbatim in the main text.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:THISISALIST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:THISISALIST&redirect=no">MOS:THISISALIST</a></span></li></ul></div></div>Similarly, if the page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">list</a>, do <strong>not</strong> introduce the list as "This is a <b>list of X</b>" or "This <b>list of Xs</b> ...". A clearer and more informative introduction to the list is better than verbatim repetition of the title. A good example of this is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Benet_Academy_alumni" title="List of Benet Academy alumni">List of Benet Academy alumni</a>. <i>(See also <a href="#Format_of_the_first_sentence">Format of the first sentence</a> below.)</i></li></ul></li> <li>When the page title is used as the subject of the first sentence, it may appear in a slightly different form, and it may include variations, including plural forms (particularly if they are unusual or confusing) or <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonyms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>E<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>If the title has a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consistency_in_article_titles#Use_consistent_disambiguators_for_similar_kinds_of_topics" title="Wikipedia:Consistency in article titles">parenthetical disambiguator</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury (planet)</a>, the parenthetical should be omitted in the text.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>F<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dates and locations should be included in the first sentence if they help the reader to quickly determine if they're reading the right article. For instance, in the article <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, the text of the lead begins: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent">The <b>Spanish–American War</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (April 21 – August 13, 1898) was an <a href="/wiki/Armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflict">armed conflict</a> between <a href="/wiki/Spain_under_the_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain under the Restoration">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</div></li> <li>If its subject is definable, then the first sentence should give a concise definition: where possible, one that puts the article in context for the nonspecialist. Similarly, if the title is a <a href="/wiki/Technical_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical terminology">specialized term</a>, provide the context as early as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>G<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:REFERS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REFERS&redirect=no">MOS:REFERS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> Avoid constructions like "[Subject] <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFERS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFERS">refers to</a> ..." or "... <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ISAWORDFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ISAWORDFOR">is a word for</a> ..." – the article is about the subject, not a term <em>for</em> the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>H<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For articles that are actually about terms, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WORDSASWORDS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WORDSASWORDS">italicize the term</a> to indicate the <a href="/wiki/Use%E2%80%93mention_distinction" title="Use–mention distinction">use–mention distinction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>I<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>For topics <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notable</a> for only one reason, this reason should usually be given in the first sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>J<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>If the article is about a fictional character or place, make this clear.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>K<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Format_of_the_first_sentence" data-mw-thread-id="h-Format_of_the_first_sentence-First_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Format_of_the_first_sentence-First_sentence"></span>Format of the first sentence<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Format_of_the_first_sentence-First_sentence"></span></h4></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Bold_title"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BOLDLEAD"></span><span id="MOS:BOLDTITLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDLEAD&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDLEAD</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDTITLE&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDTITLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Boldface" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Boldface</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Superfluous_bolding_explained" title="Wikipedia:Superfluous bolding explained">Wikipedia:Superfluous bolding explained</a></div> <p>If an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">article's title</a> is a formal or widely accepted name for the subject, display it in bold as early as possible in the first sentence: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>electron</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Subatomic_particle" title="Subatomic particle">subatomic particle</a> with a negative <a href="/wiki/Elementary_charge" title="Elementary charge">elementary</a> <a href="/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge">electric charge</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">Electron</a>)</div> <p>Otherwise, include the title if it can be accommodated in a natural way: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>United States presidential line of succession</b> is the order in which officials of the United States<span class="nowrap"> </span>... (<a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">United States presidential line of succession</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Bolding of title and alternative names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bolding_of_title_and_alternative_names-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="BOLDSYN"></span><span class="anchor" id="MOSBOLDSYN"></span><span class="anchor" id="Abbreviations_and_synonyms"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BOLDALTNAMES"></span><span id="MOS:BOLDSYN"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDALTNAMES&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDALTNAMES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDSYN&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDSYN</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Text formatting</a></div> <p>Only the first occurrence of the title and <i>significant</i> <a href="#Alternative_names">alternative names</a> (which should usually also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> to the article)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>L<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are placed in bold: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Mumbai</b>, also known as <b>Bombay</b>, is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>)</div> <p>Common abbreviations (in parentheses after the corresponding title) are considered significant alternative names in this sense: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>International Music Score Library Project</b> (<b>IMSLP</b>), also known as the <b>Petrucci Music Library</b> after publisher <a href="/wiki/Ottaviano_Petrucci" title="Ottaviano Petrucci">Ottaviano Petrucci</a>, is a ... (<a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a>)</div> <p>If an article is about an event involving a subject about which there is no main article, especially if the article is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect#What_needs_to_be_done_on_pages_that_are_targets_of_redirects?" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">target of a redirect</a>, the subject should be in bold: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"> <b>Azaria Chantel Loren Chamberlain</b> (11 June – 17 August 1980) was an Australian baby girl who was killed by a dingo on the night of 17 August 1980<span class="nowrap"> </span>... (<a href="/wiki/Death_of_Azaria_Chamberlain" title="Death of Azaria Chamberlain">Death of Azaria Chamberlain</a>, redirected from Azaria Chamberlain)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Avoid_redundancy" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_redundancy-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_redundancy-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Avoid redundancy<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_redundancy-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:REDUNDANCY" redirects here. For redundant articles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REDUNDANT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REDUNDANT">WP:REDUNDANT</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:REDUNDANCY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REDUNDANCY&redirect=no">MOS:REDUNDANCY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Keep <a href="/wiki/Redundancy_(linguistics)" title="Redundancy (linguistics)">redundancy</a> to a minimum in the first sentence. Use the first sentence of the article to provide relevant information that is <strong>not</strong> already given by the title of the article. The title need not appear verbatim in the lead if it is descriptive. For example: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/23px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/30px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b>Iraq–Pakistan relations</b> are the relations between <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> established <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic relations">diplomatic relations</a> in 1947. </div> <p>The statement <i>relations are the relations</i> does not help a reader who does not know the meaning of <i>diplomatic relations</i>. The second version sensibly includes new information (that relations were established in 1947) in the first sentence, rather than repeating the title. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:AVOIDBOLD"></span><span id="MOS:BOLDAVOID"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:AVOIDBOLD&redirect=no">MOS:AVOIDBOLD</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDAVOID&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDAVOID</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If the article's title does not lend itself to being used easily and naturally in the first sentence, the wording should not be distorted in an effort to include it. Instead, simply describe the subject in normal English, avoiding unnecessary redundancy. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/23px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/30px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> The <b>2011 Mississippi River floods</b> were a series of <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">floods</a> affecting the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> in April and May 2011, which were among the largest and most damaging recorded along the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> waterway in the past century.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/15px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/15px-Green_check.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/23px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Major <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">floods</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> in April and May 2011 were among the largest and most damaging recorded along the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> waterway in the past century.</div> <p>Sometimes a little redundancy is unavoidable. For example, the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (OED) has to be called by its proper name in its article, and cannot be called anything other than a <i>dictionary</i> in the first sentence. Even in these cases, the first sentence should provide information not given in the title. But try to rephrase whenever possible. Instead of: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/23px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/30px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> The <i><b>Oxford English Dictionary</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>.</div> <p>consider: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/15px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/15px-Green_check.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/23px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/30px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> The <i><b>Oxford English Dictionary</b></i> is the principal historical <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>.</div> <p>Both contain some redundancy, but the second is better because it tells us that the OED is the world's <i>most respected</i> dictionary of English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Avoid_these_other_common_mistakes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_these_other_common_mistakes-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_these_other_common_mistakes-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span><span id="Avoid_these_common_mistakes"></span>Avoid these other common mistakes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_these_other_common_mistakes-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BOLDLINK"></span><span id="MOS:BOLDLINKAVOID"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDLINK&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BOLDLINKAVOID&redirect=no">MOS:BOLDLINKAVOID</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Links should not be placed in the <a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)#Methods_and_use" title="Emphasis (typography)">boldface</a> reiteration of the title in the first sentence of a lead:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>M<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/23px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/30px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> The <b><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a> Award</b> is given annually to the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) player with the best performance in the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">postseason</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> The <b>Babe Ruth Award</b> is given annually to the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) player with the best performance in the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">postseason</a>. The award, created in honor of <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a>, was first awarded in 1949 to the MVP of the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>, one year after Ruth's death.</div> <p>As an exception, disambiguation pages may use bolding for <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABPRIMARY" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABPRIMARY">the link to the primary topic</a>, if there is one. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="MOSTITLEABSENT"></span><span class="anchor" id="MOSTITLEABSENTBOLD"></span><span class="anchor" id="MOSBEATLESINUS"></span><span class="anchor" id="BEATLES"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:TITLEABSENT"></span><span id="MOS:TITLEABSENTBOLD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLEABSENT&redirect=no">MOS:TITLEABSENT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:TITLEABSENTBOLD&redirect=no">MOS:TITLEABSENTBOLD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>In general, if the article's title (or a significant alternative title) is absent from the first sentence, do not apply the bold style to related text that <em>does</em> appear (example from <a href="/wiki/1999_Nepalese_general_election" title="1999 Nepalese general election">1999 Nepalese general election</a>): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/15px-Red_x.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/23px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/30px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b>General elections</b> were held in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> on May 3 and May 17, 1999.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> General elections were held in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> on May 3 and May 17, 1999.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Proper_names_and_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Proper_names_and_titles-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Proper_names_and_titles-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Proper names and titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Proper_names_and_titles-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <p>If the title of the page is normally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ITALICS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ITALICS">italicized</a> (for example, a work of art, literature, album, or ship) then its first mention should be both bold and italic text: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><i><b>Las Meninas</b></i> (Spanish for <i><b>The Maids of Honour</b></i>) is a 1656 painting by <a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>, ... <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><i><b>The Good, the Bad and the Ugly</b></i> (Italian: <i lang="it">Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo</i>) is a 1966 Italian <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">spaghetti Western</a> film ... </p> </div> <p><span class="anchor" id="NOBOLDQUOT"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOBOLDQUOT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOBOLDQUOT&redirect=no">MOS:NOBOLDQUOT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>If the mention of the article's title is surrounded by quotation marks, the title should be bold but the quotation marks should not be: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">"<b>Yesterday</b>" is a song originally recorded by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">the Beatles</a> for their 1965 album <i><a href="/wiki/Help!" title="Help!">Help!</a></i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pronunciation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pronunciation-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pronunciation-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Pronunciation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pronunciation-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADPRON"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADPRON&redirect=no">MOS:LEADPRON</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the formatting of pronunciation in the first sentence: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation</a></div> <p>If the name of the article has a pronunciation that is not apparent from its spelling, include its <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">pronunciation</a> in parentheses after the first occurrence of the name. Most such terms are non-English words or phrases (<i><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" title="Mate (drink)">mate</a>,</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a></i>), proper nouns (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_River" title="Tuolumne River">Tuolumne River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" title="Tao Te Ching">Tao Te Ching</a>), or very unusual English words (<a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlatl" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlatl">atlatl</a>). It is preferable to move pronunciation guides to a footnote or elsewhere in the article if they would otherwise clutter the first sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>O<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Do not include pronunciation guides for non-English translations of the article title in the text of the lead sentence, as this clutters the lead sentence and impairs readability. </p><p>Do not include in the text of the lead sentence pronunciations for names of locations that are associated with non-English languages but whose pronunciations are well known in English (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>). Do not include them for common English words, even if their pronunciations are counterintuitive for learners (<a href="/wiki/Laughter" title="Laughter">laughter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a>). If the name of the article is more than one word, include pronunciation only for the words that need it unless all are in other languages (all of <a href="/wiki/Jean_van_Heijenoort" title="Jean van Heijenoort">Jean van Heijenoort</a> but only <i>Cholmondeley</i> in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._G._Cholmondeley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley">Thomas P. G. Cholmondeley</a>). A fuller discussion of pronunciation can come later in the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Contextual_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Contextual_links-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Contextual_links-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Contextual links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Contextual_links-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CONTEXTLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CONTEXTLINK&redirect=no">MOS:CONTEXTLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The first sentence should provide links to the broader or more elementary topics that are important to the article's topic or place it into the <a href="/wiki/Context_(language_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Context (language use)">context</a> where it is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notable</a>. </p><p>For example, an article about a building or location should include a link to the broader geographical area of which it is a part. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Arugam Bay</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bay</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> in the dry zone of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>'s southeast coast.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:FIRSTTERM"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FIRSTTERM&redirect=no">MOS:FIRSTTERM</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>In an article about a technical or jargon term, the first sentence or paragraph should normally contain a link to the <a href="/wiki/Field_of_study" class="mw-redirect" title="Field of study">field of study</a> that the term comes from. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">In <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldry</a>, <b>tinctures</b> are the colours used to <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">emblazon</a> a <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.</div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biographies#Opening_paragraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies">first sentence of an article about a person</a> should link to the page or pages about the topic where the person achieved prominence. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Harvey Lavan</b> "<b>Van</b>" <b>Cliburn Jr.</b> (July 12, 1934 – February 27, 2013) was an American <a href="/wiki/Pianist" title="Pianist">pianist</a> who achieved worldwide recognition in 1958 at age 23, when he won the first quadrennial <a href="/wiki/International_Tchaikovsky_Competition" title="International Tchaikovsky Competition">International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition</a> in Moscow, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.</div> <p>Exactly what provides the context needed to understand a given topic varies greatly from topic to topic. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>Gemara</b> is the component of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>.</div> <p>Do not, however, add contextual links that don't relate directly to the topic's definition or reason for notability. For example, <a href="/wiki/Van_Cliburn" title="Van Cliburn">Van Cliburn's</a> first sentence links to <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> because his fame came partly from his Tchaikovsky Competition victory being used as a Cold War symbol. The first sentence of a page about someone who rose to fame in the 1950s for reasons unrelated to the Cold War should not mention the Cold War at all, even though the Cold War is part of the broader historical context of that person's life. By the same token, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking#Linking_month-and-day_or_year" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">do not link to years</a> unless the year has some special salience to the topic. </p><p>Most Featured Articles contain about 12 to 25 links in the lead, with an average of about 1.5 links per sentence or one link for every 16 words. </p><p>Links appearing ahead of the bolded term distract from the topic if not necessary to establish context, and should be omitted even if they might be appropriate elsewhere in the text. For example, a person's title or office, such as colonel, naturally appears ahead of their name, but the word "Colonel" should not have a link, since it doesn't establish context. (Do not, however, reword a sentence awkwardly just to keep a needed contextual link from getting ahead of the bolded term.) </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">Colonel <b>Charles Hotham</b> (died 1738) was a special <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Diplomatic_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service">British envoy</a> entrusted by <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II</a> with the task of negotiating a double marriage between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> dynasties.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Organisms" data-mw-thread-id="h-Organisms-Format_of_the_first_sentence"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Organisms-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span>Organisms<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Organisms-Format_of_the_first_sentence"></span></h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Animals,_plants,_and_other_organisms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Animals, plants, and other organisms</a> for capitalization rules; and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(fauna)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (fauna)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (fauna)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(flora)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (flora)</a> for article title guidelines.</div> <p>When a common (vernacular) name is used as the article title, the boldfaced common name is followed by the italic boldfaced scientific name in round parentheses in the first sentence of the lead. Alternative names should be mentioned and reliably sourced in the text where applicable, with bold type in the lead if they are in wide use, or elsewhere in the article (with or without the bold type, per editorial discretion) if they are less used. It is not necessary to include non-English common names, unless they are also commonly used in English, e.g. regionally; if included, they should be italicized as non-English. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Thomson's gazelle</b> (<i><b>Eudorcas thomsonii</b></i>) is the most common gazelle of <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>... </div> <p>When the article title is the scientific name, reverse the order of the scientific and common name(s) (if any of the latter are given), and boldface as well as italicize the scientific name. Avoid putting the most common name in parentheses (this suppresses its display in some views of Wikipedia, including <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pop-ups" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Pop-ups">Wikipedia:Pop-ups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google_Knowledge_Graph" title="Google Knowledge Graph">Google Knowledge Graph</a>). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><i><b>Vitis vinifera</b></i>, the <b>common grape vine</b>, is a species of <i><a href="/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis">Vitis</a></i>, native to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean region</a>, central Europe, and southwestern Asia<span class="nowrap"> </span>... <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><i><b>Brassica oleracea</b></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of plant that includes many common foods as <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale" title="Kale">kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels_sprouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels sprouts">Brussels sprouts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy_cabbage" title="Savoy cabbage">savoy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_kale" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese kale">Chinese kale</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>... </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope_of_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scope_of_article-Content"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scope_of_article-Content"></span>Scope of article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scope_of_article-Content"></span></h3></div> <p>In some cases the definition of the article topic in the opening paragraph may be insufficient to fully constrain the scope of the article. In particular, it may be necessary to identify material that is <em>not</em> within scope. For instance, the article on <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fever&oldid=597114436">fever</a> notes that an elevated core body temperature due to <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia" title="Hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a> is not within scope. These explanations may best be done at the end of the lead section to avoid cluttering and confusing the first paragraph. This information and other meta material in the lead is not expected to appear in the body of the article. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Biographies" data-mw-thread-id="h-Biographies"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Biographies"></span>Biographies<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Biographies"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Lead section</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons</a></div> <p>A summary of the key points in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">the main guideline</a> on this: </p> <ul><li>Reliably sourced material about encyclopedically relevant controversies is neither suppressed in the lead nor allowed to overwhelm; the lead must correctly summarize the article as a whole.</li> <li>Recent events affecting a subject are kept in historical perspective; most recent is not necessarily most notable. Balance new information with old, giving all information <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">due weight</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_blog,_web_hosting_service,_social_networking_service,_or_memorial_site" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia is not a memorial site</a>; when a subject dies, the lead should not radically change, nor dwell on the death.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Do not use primary sources</a> for private details about living persons, including birth dates.</li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">For more information on biographical leads in general, see the main guideline: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography</a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies'_first_sentence" data-mw-thread-id="h-Biographies'_first_sentence-Biographies"><span id="Biographies.27_first_sentence"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Biographies'_first_sentence-Biographies"></span>Biographies' first sentence<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Biographies'_first_sentence-Biographies"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BIOFIRSTSENTENCE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BIOFIRSTSENTENCE&redirect=no">MOS:BIOFIRSTSENTENCE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Opening_paragraph" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Opening paragraph</a></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Opening_paragraph" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">the main guideline</a> on this, the opening paragraph of a biographical article should neutrally describe the person, provide context, establish <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notability</a> and explain why the person is notable, and reflect the balance of reliable sources. </p><p>The first sentence should usually state: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Name" title="Name">Name</a>(s) and <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a>(s), if any <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NCNOB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NCNOB">WP:NCNOB</a>)</span>. Handling of the subject's name is covered under <a href="/wiki/MOS:NAMES" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:NAMES">MOS:NAMES</a>.</li> <li>Dates of birth and death (if found in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary sources</a> – do not use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Privacy_of_personal_information_and_using_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">primary sources for birth dates of living persons</a> or other private details about them). If specific day–month–year dates for birth/death are given elsewhere in the article, then a simple year–year range may be sufficient to provide context.</li> <li>Context (location, nationality, etc.) for the activities that made the person notable.</li> <li>One, or possibly more, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability#General_notability_guideline" title="Wikipedia:Notability">noteworthy</a> positions, activities, or roles that the person held, avoiding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Puffery" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">subjective</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Contentious_labels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">contentious</a> terms.</li> <li>The main reason the person is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)" title="Wikipedia:Notability (people)">notable</a> (key accomplishment, record, etc.)</li></ol> <p>However, try to not overload the first sentence by describing everything notable about the subject; instead, spread relevant information over the lead section. </p><p>Examples: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Cleopatra VII Philopator</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ</span></span>; 69 – August 12, 30 BC), was queen of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> of Egypt, and its last active ruler. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><b>Francesco Petrarca</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[franˈtʃesko<span class="wrap"> </span>peˈtrarka]</a></span>; July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374), commonly <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> as <b>Petrarch</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>), was a scholar and <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance Italy</a>, who was one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">humanists</a>. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><b>Cesar Estrada Chavez</b> (March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with <a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a>, co-founded the <a href="/wiki/National_Farm_Workers_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="National Farm Workers Association">National Farm Workers Association</a>, which later became the <a href="/wiki/United_Farm_Workers" title="United Farm Workers">United Farm Workers</a> (UFW) ... </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p><b>François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand</b> (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a> from 1981 to 1995, ... </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_biographical_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alternative_biographical_names-Biographies"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alternative_biographical_names-Biographies"></span>Alternative biographical names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alternative_biographical_names-Biographies"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biographies#Names" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies § Names</a></div> <p>The basic instructions for biographical names are summarized below; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biographies#Names" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies">the main guideline</a> on this provides additional detail. </p> <ul><li>While a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Remember_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Remember the reader">commonly recognizable</a> form of name is used as the title of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">biographical article</a>, fuller forms of name may be used in the introduction to the lead. For instance, in the article <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>, the text of the lead begins: "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>Sir James Paul McCartney</b></span> ...".</li> <li>The name of a person is presented in full if known, including any given names that were abbreviated or omitted in the article's title. For example, the article on <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Calvin Coolidge</a> gives his name as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>John Calvin Coolidge Jr.</b></span></li> <li>If a person changed their full name at some point after birth, the birth name may be given as well, if relevant. For example, a lead may mention a woman's birth name when there are relevant matters before she became notable under her married name; also the lead of the article on <a href="/wiki/Caitlyn_Jenner" title="Caitlyn Jenner">Caitlyn Jenner</a> includes her birth name <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>William Bruce Jenner</b></span> because she was also notable under that name.</li> <li>If a <a href="/wiki/Hypocorism" title="Hypocorism">hypocorism</a> (diminutive) that is common in English is often used for the subject in lieu of a given name, it is <em>not</em> inserted into the name or given after it, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hopper" title="Tom Hopper">Tom Hopper</a> has simply <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>Thomas Edward Hopper</b></span>. <ul><li>Also acceptable are formulations like <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi</b>, known as <b>Sandro Botticelli</b></span>, when applicable. Hypocorisms are <em>not</em> put in quotation marks.</li></ul></li> <li>If a person is commonly known by a <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a> (other than a hypocorism), it is presented between quote marks following the last given name or initial, as for <a href="/wiki/Bunny_Berigan" title="Bunny Berigan">Bunny Berigan</a>, which has <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><b>Roland Bernard </b>"<b>Bunny</b>"<b> Berigan</b></span>. The quotation marks are not boldfaced.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Alternative_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alternative_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alternative_names"></span>Alternative names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alternative_names"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p><span class="anchor" id="LEADALT"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADALT"></span><span id="MOS:ALTNAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADALT&redirect=no">MOS:LEADALT</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:ALTNAME&redirect=no">MOS:ALTNAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Treatment_of_alternative_names" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles § Treatment of alternative names</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography#Names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography § Names</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Article_title_versus_first_sentence_(new).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png/300px-Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="463"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png/300px-Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png" data-width="300" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png/450px-Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png/600px-Article_title_versus_first_sentence_%28new%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles"><b>article title</b></a> appears at the top of a reader's browser window and as a large level 1 heading above the editable text of an article, circled here in dark red. The name or names given in the first sentence does not always match the article title. This page gives advice on the contents of the first sentence, not the article title.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the design of Wikipedia's software, an article can have only one title. When this title is a name, significant alternative names for the topic should be mentioned in the article. These may include alternative spellings, longer or shorter forms, historical names, and significant names in other languages. Indeed, alternative names can be used in article text in contexts where they are more appropriate than the name used as the title of the article. For example, the city now called "<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>" can be referred to as "Danzig" in suitable historical contexts. </p><p>The editor needs to balance the desire to maximize the information available to the reader with the need to maintain readability. Use this principle to decide whether mentioning alternative names in the first sentence, elsewhere in the article, or not at all. </p><p>The title can be followed in the first sentence by one or two alternative names in <a href="/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses">parentheses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separate_section_usage" data-mw-thread-id="h-Separate_section_usage-Alternative_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Separate_section_usage-Alternative_names"></span>Separate section usage<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Separate_section_usage-Alternative_names"></span></h3></div> <p>If there are three or more alternative names, they should not be included in the first sentence as this creates clutter. Instead, the names may be footnoted, or moved elsewhere in the article such as in a "Names" or "Etymology" section. As an exception, a local official name different from a widely accepted English name should be retained in the lead. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">Archaic names</a>, including names used before the <a href="/wiki/English_orthography#History_of_the_English_spelling_system" title="English orthography">standardization of English orthography</a> should be clearly marked as such, i.e., (<a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">archaic:</a> name), and should not be placed in the first sentence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_languages-Alternative_names"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_languages-Alternative_names"></span>Other languages<span class="anchor" id="Foreign_language"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_languages-Alternative_names"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Non-English_names" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Non-English names</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADLANG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADLANG&redirect=no">MOS:LEADLANG</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Wikipedia's naming conventions <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles#Foreign_names_and_anglicization" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">recommend the use of English</a>. However, where the subject of an article is best known in English-language sources by its non-English name (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>), the non-English title may be appropriate for the article. <em>Relevant</em> non-English names, such as those of people who do not write their names in English, are encouraged. </p><p>If the subject of the article is closely associated with a non-English language, a single equivalent name in another language may be included in the lead sentence, usually in parentheses. For example, an article about a location in a non-English-speaking country typically includes the local-language equivalent: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Chernivtsi Oblast</b> (Ukrainian: <span lang="uk">Чернівецька область</span>, <span title="Ukrainian-language text"><i lang="uk-Latn">Chernivetska oblast</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">oblast</a> (province) in western <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, bordering on <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>.</div> <p>Do not include non-English equivalents in the text of the lead sentence for alternative names or for particularly lengthy names, as this clutters the lead sentence and impairs readability. Do not include non-English equivalents in the lead sentence just to show etymology. Non-English names should be moved to a footnote or elsewhere in the article if they would otherwise clutter the first sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>O<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Separate languages should be divided by <a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolons</a>; <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanizations</a> of non-Latin scripts, by <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">commas</a>. Do not boldface non-English names not normally used in English. Some non-English terms should be italicized. These cases are described in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Foreign_terms" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Manual of Style for text formatting</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>Inuit</b> (plural; pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/nj/: 'n' in 'new'">nj</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a>: <span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%91%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:ᐃᓄᐃᑦ">ᐃᓄᐃᑦ</a></span></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">the people</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) are a group of culturally similar <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> inhabiting the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, Canada and <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> ...</div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Stubs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Stubs"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Stubs"></span>Stubs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Stubs"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADSTUB"></span><span id="MOS:NOLEAD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADSTUB&redirect=no">MOS:LEADSTUB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOLEAD&redirect=no">MOS:NOLEAD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OVERSECTION" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OVERSECTION">WP:OVERSECTION</a></div> <p>Where the article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a> and has no section headings, a lead section may not be necessary. Although Wikipedia encourages expanding stubs, this may be impossible if reliably sourced information is not available. Once an article has been sufficiently expanded, generally to around 400 or 500 words, editors should consider introducing section headings and removing the stub classification. Articles that are shorter than a well-written lead usually do not need a lead. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Length" data-mw-thread-id="h-Length"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Length"></span>Length<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Length"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADLENGTH"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADLENGTH&redirect=no">MOS:LEADLENGTH</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The appropriate length of the lead section depends on the complexity of the subject and development of the article. Too short leaves the reader unsatisfied; too long is intimidating, difficult to read, and may cause the reader to lose interest halfway. These suggestions may be useful: </p> <ul><li>The length should conform to readers' expectations of a short, but useful and complete, summary of the topic.</li> <li>Few well-written leads will be shorter than about 100 words. The leads in most <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">featured articles</a> contain about 250 to 400 words.</li></ul> <p>Lead sections that reflect or expand on sections in other articles are discussed at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a>. Journalistic conventions for lead sections are discussed in the article <a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">News style</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Editing_the_lead_section" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing_the_lead_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing_the_lead_section"></span>Editing the lead section<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing_the_lead_section"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>All users can edit the lead by clicking the edit link of the whole article. By default, there is no edit link just for the lead section, but registered users can get it by enabling one or both of the following <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">preferences</a> (both require JavaScript): </p> <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Preferences</a> → <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets" title="Special:Preferences">Gadgets</a> → <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets-gadget-section-appearance" title="Special:Preferences">Appearance</a> → <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="25"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png" data-alt="Tick" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/30px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/40px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <span class="wrap">Add an [edit] link for the lead section of a page</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Preferences</a> → <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing" title="Special:Preferences">Editing</a> → <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-advancedediting" title="Special:Preferences">General options</a> → <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="25"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/20px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png" data-alt="Tick" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/30px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg/40px-MediaWiki_checkbox_ticked.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <span class="wrap">Enable section editing by right clicking on section titles</span></span></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead" data-mw-thread-id="h-Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead"></span>Comparison to the news-style lead<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Comparison_to_the_news-style_lead"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Comparison_to_news_style"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOTLEDE"></span><span id="MOS:DONTTEASE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOTLEDE&redirect=no">MOS:NOTLEDE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DONTTEASE&redirect=no">MOS:DONTTEASE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Wikipedia lead sections are not written in <a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">news style</a>. Although there are some similarities, such as putting the most important information first and making it possible for any reader to understand the subject even if they only read the lead, there are some differences. The <a href="/wiki/Lead_paragraph" title="Lead paragraph">lead paragraph</a> (sometimes spelled "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lede#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:lede">lede</a>")<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>P<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of newspaper journalism is a compressed summary of only the most important facts about a story. These basic facts are sometimes referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">five Ws</a>": <i>who</i>, <i>what</i>, <i>when</i>, <i>where</i>, and <i>why</i>. Journalistic leads normally are only one or two sentences long. By contrast, in Wikipedia articles, the first sentence is usually a definition, the lead is longer, and it ultimately provides more information, as its purpose is to summarize the article, not just introduce it. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Comparison of journalistic and encyclopedic leads for the <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Journalistic lead </th> <th>Encyclopedic lead </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top">Toxic gas leaking from an American-owned insecticide plant in central India killed at least 410 people overnight, many as they slept, officials said today. At least 12,000 were reported injured in the disaster in the city of Bhopal, 2,000 of whom were hospitalized. <br><small>—Hazarika, Sanjoy (3 December 1984) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/04/world/gas-leak-in-india-kills-at-least-410-in-city-of-bhopal.html">"Gas leak in city kills at least 410 in city of Bhopal"</a> <i>The New York Times</i></small> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top">The <b><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">Bhopal disaster</a></b> or <b>Bhopal gas tragedy</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_accident" title="Chemical accident">chemical accident</a> on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the <a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide_India_Limited" title="Union Carbide India Limited">Union Carbide India Limited</a> (UCIL) <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, Madhya Pradesh, India. In what is considered the <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_disasters_by_death_toll#Industrial" title="List of accidents and disasters by death toll">world's worst industrial disaster</a>, over 500,000 people in the small towns around the plant were exposed to the highly <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">toxic</a> gas <a href="/wiki/Methyl_isocyanate" title="Methyl isocyanate">methyl isocyanate</a> (<abbr title="methyl isocyanate">MIC</abbr>). Estimates vary on the death toll, with the official number of immediate deaths being 2,259. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Government of Madhya Pradesh">Government of Madhya Pradesh</a> paid compensation to the family members of 3,787 victims killed in the gas release, and to 574,366 injured victims. A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries. Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases. </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cleanup" data-mw-thread-id="h-Cleanup"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Cleanup"></span>Cleanup<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Cleanup"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>For a list of template messages related to the clean-up of lead sections, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Cleanup#Introduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup">Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup § Introduction</a>. Editors are encouraged to improve leads rather than simply tag them. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Section_length" title="Template:Section length">section length</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, returns the length of a given section, or the article, in bytes or percent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Help:Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_and_manage_a_good_lead_section" title="Wikipedia:How to create and manage a good lead section">Wikipedia:How to create and manage a good lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section_TT_first_sentence_content" title="Wikipedia:Lead section TT first sentence content">Wikipedia:Lead section TT first sentence content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section_TT_first_sentence_format" title="Wikipedia:Lead section TT first sentence format">Wikipedia:Lead section TT first sentence format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_section_TT_text" title="Wikipedia:Lead section TT text">Wikipedia:Lead section TT text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_not_a_dictionary#Good_definitions" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary">Wikipedia's Good definition policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lead_Improvement_Team" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lead Improvement Team">Wikipedia:WikiProject Lead Improvement Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Wikipedia:Writing better articles § Lead section</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Which_parts_of_an_article_do_readers_read" class="extiw" title="meta:Research:Which parts of an article do readers read">meta:Research:Which parts of an article do readers read</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Do not violate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">WP:Neutral point of view</a> by giving undue attention to less important controversies in the lead section.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">This <b>Manual of Style</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">style guide</a> containing ...</div> <p>not </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">This <a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">style guide</a>, known as the <b>Manual of Style</b>, contains ...</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, in the article "<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>": <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">The <b>United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</b>, commonly known as the <b>United Kingdom</b>, the <b>UK</b>, or <b>Britain</b>, is a sovereign <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> located off the north-western coast of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>.</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, in the article "<a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">Matrix (mathematics)</a>": <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">In mathematics, a <b>matrix </b>(plural <b>matrices</b>) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, use: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Mercury</b> is the first planet from the Sun ...</div> <p>not: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Mercury (planet)</b> is the first planet from the Sun ...</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, instead of: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">A <b>trusted third party</b> is an entity that facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party.</div> write: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent">In <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>, a <b>trusted third party</b> is an entity that facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party.</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Camping</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor activity">outdoor activity</a> involving overnight stays away from home in a shelter ...</div>not <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Camping</b> refers to an <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor activity">outdoor activity</a> involving overnight stays ...</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><i><b>Irregardless</b></i> is a word sometimes used in place of <i>regardless</i> or <i>irrespective</i> ...</div> <p>not </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Irregardless</b> is a word sometimes used ...</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Amalie Emmy Noether</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈnøːtɐ]</a></span> (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> known for her groundbreaking contributions to <a href="/wiki/Abstract_algebra" title="Abstract algebra">abstract algebra</a> and her contributions to <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_physics" title="Theoretical physics">theoretical physics</a>.</div> <p>This example not only tells the reader that the subject was a mathematician, it also indicates her field of expertise and work she did outside of it. The years of her birth and death provide time context. The reader who goes no further in this article already knows when she lived, what work she did, and why she is notable. (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies</a> has more on the specific format for biography articles.) </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Donkey Kong</b> is a fictional ape in the <i>Donkey Kong</i> and <i>Mario</i> video game series.</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Usually" here can account for cases like "<b>Foo</b>, also known as <b>Bar</b>, <b>Baz</b>, or <b>Quux</b>", where the "Baz" item is actually not a redirect from "Baz", but maybe "Baz (chemistry)", and so it wouldn't fit an absolute redirect requirement, but would be visually confusing if de-boldfaced between the other two. "Usually" isn't blanket license to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#When_not_to_use_boldface" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">boldface things for emphasis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many, but not all, articles repeat the article title in bold face in the first line of the article. Linking the article to itself produces <b>boldface text</b>; this practice is discouraged because a page move results in a useless circular link through a redirect. Linking <em>part</em> of the bolded text is also discouraged because it changes the visual effect of bolding; some readers may miss the visual cue which is the purpose of using bold face in the first place.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Disambiguation pages are navigational aides rather than articles and where there is a primary topic for a term, the introductory line for that term's disambiguation page does typically have that term both linked and bolded; see <a href="/wiki/MOS:DABPRIMARY" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DABPRIMARY">MOS:DABPRIMARY</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khan-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khan_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khan_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, an excessive lead at <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> at one time read: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Genghis Khan</b> (English pronunciation: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan#cite_note-6" title="Genghis Khan">[1]</a></sup><sup><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan#cite_note-7" title="Genghis Khan">[2]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>: Чингис Хаан, <i>Chingis Khaan</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[tʃiŋɡɪs<span class="wrap"> </span>xaːŋ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cd\/GenghisKhan01.ogg\/GenghisKhan01.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"GenghisKhan01.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/GenghisKhan01.ogg/GenghisKhan01.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:GenghisKhan01.ogg" title="File:GenghisKhan01.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongol_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol script">Mongol script</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cinggis_qagan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cinggis_qagan.svg/18px-Cinggis_qagan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="64" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="460"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 18px;height: 64px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cinggis_qagan.svg/18px-Cinggis_qagan.svg.png" data-width="18" data-height="64" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cinggis_qagan.svg/27px-Cinggis_qagan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cinggis_qagan.svg/36px-Cinggis_qagan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span>, <i>Činggis Qaɣan</i>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">成吉思汗</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chéng Jí Sī Hán</span></i>; probably May 31, 1162<sup><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan##cite_note-birth-4" title="Genghis Khan">[3]</a></sup> – August 25, 1227), born <b>Temujin</b> (English pronunciation: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn">Тэмүжин</span>, <i>Temüjin</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[tʰemutʃiŋ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/1\/11\/Temujin.ogg\/Temujin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Temujin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/1/11/Temujin.ogg/Temujin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Temujin.ogg" title="File:Temujin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mongolian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mongolian language">Middle Mongolian</a>: <i lang="xng">Temüjin</i></i>;<sup><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan#cite_note-3" title="Genghis Khan">[4]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">鐵木真</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">铁木真</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tiě mù zhēn</span></i>) and also known by the <a href="/wiki/Temple_name" title="Temple name">temple name</a> <b>Taizu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">元太祖</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yuán Tàizǔ</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">T'ai-Tsu</span></i>), was the founder and <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Great Khan</a> (emperor) of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_largest_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="World's largest empires">largest</a> contiguous empire in history after his death.</div> <p>This was later reduced to: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent"><b>Genghis Khan</b> (born <b>Temüjin</b>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1162</span> – August 1227), also known as <b>Chinggis Khan</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the founder and first <a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>.</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTALEDE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTALEDE">WP:NOTALEDE</a> for previous discussion of why "lede" is avoided in this guideline; in summary: it gives a false impression about the purpose, nature, and style of Wikipedia leads.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_explanatory_note" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_explanatory_note-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_explanatory_note-Notes"></span>Special explanatory note<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_explanatory_note-Notes"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Guerra hispano-estadounidense</i> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Guerra hispano-americana</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>: <i lang="fil">Digmaang Espanyol–Amerikano</i>). Some historians prefer alternative titles, e.g.: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLouis_A._Pérez1998" class="citation cs2">Louis A. Pérez (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OVFV4qclY-YC"><i>The war of 1898: the United States and Cuba in history and historiography</i></a>, UNC Press Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-807-84742-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-807-84742-8"><bdi>978-0-807-84742-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1898%3A+the+United+States+and+Cuba+in+history+and+historiography&rft.pub=UNC+Press+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-807-84742-8&rft.au=Louis+A.+P%C3%A9rez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOVFV4qclY-YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLead+section" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_R._Beede1994" class="citation cs2">Benjamin R. Beede (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=48g116X9IIwC"><i>The War of 1898, and US interventions, 1898–1934: an encyclopedia</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-824-05624-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-824-05624-7"><bdi>978-0-824-05624-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+1898%2C+and+US+interventions%2C+1898%E2%80%931934%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-824-05624-7&rft.au=Benjamin+R.+Beede&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D48g116X9IIwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLead+section" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_David_SchoonoverWalter_LaFeber2005" class="citation cs2">Thomas David Schoonover; Walter LaFeber (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3u3ctVjVNPsC"><i>Uncle Sam's War of 1898 and the Origins of Globalization</i></a>, University Press of Kentucky, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-813-19122-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-813-19122-5"><bdi>978-0-813-19122-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uncle+Sam%27s+War+of+1898+and+the+Origins+of+Globalization&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-813-19122-5&rft.au=Thomas+David+Schoonover&rft.au=Walter+LaFeber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3u3ctVjVNPsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLead+section" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_Marie_Bouvier2001" class="citation cs2">Virginia Marie Bouvier (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwp3AAAAMAAJ"><i>Whose America?: the war of 1898 and the battles to define the nation</i></a>, Praeger, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96794-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96794-9"><bdi>978-0-275-96794-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whose+America%3F%3A+the+war+of+1898+and+the+battles+to+define+the+nation&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96794-9&rft.au=Virginia+Marie+Bouvier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddwp3AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLead+section" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i><a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan#Name_and_title" title="Genghis Khan">§ Name and title</a></i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of March 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manual_of_Style/Lead_section&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa's</a> entry for wikipedia.org reports that the average Wikipedia user spends 3 minutes and 52 seconds on the site per day. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501012242/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org">"wikipedia.org Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix and Traffic"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org#card_metrics">the original</a> on May 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=wikipedia.org+Competitive+Analysis%2C+Marketing+Mix+and+Traffic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alexa.com%2Fsiteinfo%2Fwikipedia.org%23card_metrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLead+section" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/991238102#Sidebars_(navboxes)_should_NOT_be_used_in_the_lead" title="Special:PermanentLink/991238102">November 2020 RfC</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. image placement" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section&oldid=1259044454#Provide_an_accessible_overview">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section&oldid=1259044454#Provide_an_accessible_overview</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Extraordinary Writ" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732326807"> <span>Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 01:53</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/مقدمة المقالة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/مقدمة المقالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:Lead_section" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:Lead section – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:Lead section" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রচনাশৈলী নির্দেশনা/ভূমিকাংশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রচনাশৈলী নির্দেশনা/ভূমিকাংশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Secci%C3%B3_d%27introducci%C3%B3" title="Viquipèdia:Secció d'introducció – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Secció d'introducció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nku" title="Nápověda:Úvod článku – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Úvod článku" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicipedia:Adran_Arweiniol" title="Wicipedia:Adran Arweiniol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wicipedia:Adran Arweiniol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Indledning" title="Wikipedia:Indledning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wikipedia:Indledning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%95%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%AE%CF%82/%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγχειρίδιο μορφής/Συνοπτική Εισαγωγή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βικιπαίδεια:Εγχειρίδιο μορφής/Συνοπτική Εισαγωγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Secci%C3%B3n_introductoria" title="Wikipedia:Sección introductoria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Sección introductoria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Estilo_gida/Artikuluaren_sarrera" title="Wikipedia:Estilo gida/Artikuluaren sarrera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wikipedia:Estilo gida/Artikuluaren sarrera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4_%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/بخش آغازین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/بخش آغازین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:R%C3%A9sum%C3%A9_introductif" title="Wikipédia:Résumé introductif – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wikipédia:Résumé introductif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91_%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%A8/%EB%8F%84%EC%9E%85%EB%B6%80" title="위키백과:편집 지침/도입부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:편집 지침/도입부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Lead section – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:Manual of Style/Lead section" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_gaya/Bagian_pembuka" title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Bagian pembuka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Bagian pembuka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sezione_iniziale" title="Wikipedia:Sezione iniziale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wikipedia:Sezione iniziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bag%C3%A9an_pambuka" title="Wikipédia:Bagéan pambuka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:Bagéan pambuka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Redundantia" title="Vicipaedia:Redundantia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicipaedia:Redundantia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bevezet%C5%91" title="Wikipédia:Bevezető – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Bevezető" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87" title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/مقدمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/مقدمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bagian_pambukak" title="Wikipedia:Bagian pambukak – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wikipedia:Bagian pambukak" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6" title="विकिपिडिया:लेखन शैली/प्रमुख अनुच्छेद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विकिपिडिया:लेखन शैली/प्रमुख अनुच्छेद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB/%E5%B0%8E%E5%85%A5%E9%83%A8" title="Wikipedia:スタイルマニュアル/導入部 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:スタイルマニュアル/導入部" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Se%C3%A7%C3%A3o_introdut%C3%B3ria" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Seção introdutória – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Seção introdutória" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Википедия:Преамбула – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Преамбула" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B3_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%81/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණ ශෛලිය පිළිබඳ මාර්ගෝපදේශ/මුඛ්‍ය ඡේදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණ ශෛලිය පිළිබඳ මාර්ගෝපදේශ/මුඛ්‍ය ඡේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Slogovni_priro%C4%8Dnik/Uvodni_razdelek" title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Uvodni razdelek – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Uvodni razdelek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%BE%DB%8E%DA%A9" title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز/بەشی دەستپێک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز/بەشی دەستپێک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bagian_bubuka" title="Wikipedia:Bagian bubuka – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wikipedia:Bagian bubuka" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Inledning_och_sammanhang" title="Wikipedia:Inledning och sammanhang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Inledning och sammanhang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Bi%C3%A7em_el_kitab%C4%B1/Giri%C5%9F_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCm%C3%BC" title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Giriş bölümü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Giriş bölümü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Вікіпедія:Стиль/Преамбула – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Стиль/Преамбула" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%81" title="ویکیپیڈیا:اسلوب نامہ/دیباچہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:اسلوب نامہ/دیباچہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:C%E1%BA%A9m_nang_bi%C3%AAn_so%E1%BA%A1n/Ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%9F_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u" title="Wikipedia:Cẩm nang biên soạn/Phần mở đầu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Cẩm nang biên soạn/Phần mở đầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/序言章節" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 01:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places 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