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<div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manual of Style/Linking</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Project page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Linking" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" 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id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Guideline that is part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For technical information about link formatting, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Help:Link</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For information on adding external links to articles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">Wikipedia:External links</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Linking">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:L"></span><span id="WP:LINK"></span><span id="MOS:LINK"></span><span id="WP:MOSLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:L&redirect=no">MOS:L</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LINK&redirect=no">WP:LINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247038941">.mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{width:20em;background:#fdfdff}.mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{display:block;font-size:130%;padding:6px 0 6px 0;margin:6px 0px 6px 0px;background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-list-title{background:#eef}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{background-color:#101418;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{background-color:#202122;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation{background-color:#101418;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .linking-and-page-manipulation .sidebar-title{background-color:#202122;color:white}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist linking-and-page-manipulation notheme"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Integrate" title="Wikipedia:Integrate">Linking and<br>page manipulation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Linking and diffs</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:External_link_icons" title="Help:External link icons">External link icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Plainlinks" title="Help:Plainlinks">Plainlinks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">Self links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manual of Style on linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Links" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Links">Template index for links</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Categorization</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Classification">Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Container_category" title="Wikipedia:Container category">Container category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">FAQ for categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categories">FAQ for categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Categorizing articles about people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:People_by_year" title="Wikipedia:People by year">By year</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing redirects">Redirect categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories" title="Wikipedia:User categories">User categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization">Overcategorization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User_categories" title="Wikipedia:Overcategorization/User categories">User categories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Template index for categories</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Moving and redirecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">How to move a page for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_moves" title="Wikipedia:Requested moves">Requested moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_guide/Fixing_cut-and-paste_moves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' guide/Fixing cut-and-paste moves">How to fix cut-and-paste moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userfication" title="Wikipedia:Userfication">Userfication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only moves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving">Template index for moving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_pages" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages">Template index for redirects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Merging</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_article_mergers" title="Wikipedia:Proposed article mergers">Proposed article mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_history_merge" title="Wikipedia:Requests for history merge">Requests for history merge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_and_delete" title="Wikipedia:Merge and delete">Merge and delete?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merge_what%3F" title="Wikipedia:Merge what?">Merge what?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Delete_or_merge" title="Wikipedia:Delete or merge">Delete or merge?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Merging" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Merging">Template index for merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Merge" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Merge">WikiProject Merge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Splitting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting">Template index for splitting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Importing and copying</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_import_articles" title="Help:How to import articles">How to import articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_importation" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page importation">Requests for page importation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">Copying within Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Protecting</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Protection" title="Help:Protection">Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Protection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:High-risk_templates" title="Wikipedia:High-risk templates">High-risk templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Requests for page protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rough_guide_to_semi-protection" title="Wikipedia:Rough guide to semi-protection">Rough guide to semi-protection</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Additional</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_creation" title="Wikipedia:Article creation">Article creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_process" title="Wikipedia:Deletion process">Deletion process</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Template talk:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linking_and_page_manipulation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linking and page manipulation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Linking</b> through <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> is an important feature of Wikipedia. <a href="/wiki/Internal_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal link">Internal links</a> bind the project together into an <a href="/wiki/Web_navigation" title="Web navigation">interconnected whole</a>. <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">Interwikimedia links</a> bind the project to sister projects such as <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> in other languages, and external links bind Wikipedia to the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. </p><p>Appropriate links provide instant pathways to locations within and outside the project that can increase readers' understanding of the topic at hand. Whenever writing or editing an article, consider not only what to put in the article, but what links to include to help the reader find related information, and also which other pages should have links <em>to</em> the article. Avoid both <a href="#Underlinking">underlinking</a> and <a href="#Overlinking">overlinking</a>, as described below. </p><p>This page provides guidelines as to when links should and should not be used, and how to format links. For information about the syntax used to create links, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Help:Link</a>. For links on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a> pages, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Principles"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Principles</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#General_points_on_linking_style"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">General points on linking style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Overlinking and underlinking</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#What_generally_should_be_linked"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">What generally should be linked</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#What_generally_should_not_be_linked"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">What generally should not be linked</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Duplicate_and_repeat_links"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Duplicate and repeat links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lead_section"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lead section</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#An_example_article"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">An example article</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Link_clarity"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Link clarity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Link_specificity"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Link specificity</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Section_links"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Section links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Avoiding_broken_section_links"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.2</span> <span class="toctext"><span><span>Avoiding broken section links</span></span></span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Techniques"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Techniques</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Redirects"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Redirects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Piped_links"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Piped links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Style"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Style</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="#Intuitiveness"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Intuitiveness</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#More_words_into_a_link"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">More words into a link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Names_in_names"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Names in names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Piping_and_redirects"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Piping and redirects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Piped_links_and_redirects_to_sections_of_articles"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Piped links and redirects to sections of articles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Links_to_non-English_language_pages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Links to non-English language pages</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Links to Wikipedia's categories</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Red_links"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Red links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Colored_links"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Colored links</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Checking_links_as_they_are_created"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Checking links as they are created</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Specific_cases"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Specific cases</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Linking_month-and-day_or_year"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Linking month-and-day or year</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Units of measurement that are not obscure</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#External_links_section"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">External links section</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Syntax"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Syntax</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Link_titles"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Link titles</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#URLs_as_embedded_(numbered)_links"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">URLs as embedded (numbered) links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Position_in_article"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Position in article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Non-English-language_sites"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Non-English-language sites</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#File_type_and_size"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">File type and size</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Interwiki_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Interwiki links</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Linking"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Linking</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Floating_boxes"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Floating boxes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Link_maintenance"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Link maintenance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Buttons"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Buttons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Principles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Principles"></span><span id="General_principles"></span> Principles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Principles"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:BUILD" redirects here. For the behavioral guideline, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Here_to_build_an_encyclopedia" title="Wikipedia:Here to build an encyclopedia">Wikipedia:Here to build an encyclopedia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BTW"></span><span id="MOS:BUILD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BTW&redirect=no">MOS:BTW</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BUILD&redirect=no">MOS:BUILD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Wikipedia is based on <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">hypertext</a>, and aims to "build the web" to enable readers to access relevant information on other Wikipedia pages easily. The page from which the hyperlink is activated is called the <i>anchor</i>; the page the link points to is called the <i>target</i>. </p><p>In adding or removing links, consider an article's place in the <a href="/wiki/Tree_structure" title="Tree structure">knowledge tree</a>. Internal links can add to the cohesion and utility of Wikipedia, allowing readers to deepen their understanding of a topic by conveniently accessing other articles. Ask yourself, "How likely is it that the reader will also want to read that other article?" Consider including links where readers might want to use them; for example, in article <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">leads</a>, at the openings of new sections, in the cells of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">tables</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">file captions</a>. But as a rule of thumb, <a href="#MOS:REPEATLINK">link only the first occurrence of a term</a> in the text of the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_points_on_linking_style" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_points_on_linking_style-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_points_on_linking_style-Principles"></span>General points on linking style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_points_on_linking_style-Principles"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LINKSTYLE"></span><span id="MOS:INTERNAL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LINKSTYLE&redirect=no">MOS:LINKSTYLE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:INTERNAL&redirect=no">MOS:INTERNAL</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>As explained in more detail at <a href="/wiki/Help:Link#Wikilinks" title="Help:Link">Help:Link § Wikilinks</a>, linking can be <i>direct</i> (<code>[[Riverside, California]]</code>, which results in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></span>), or <i>piped</i> (<code>[[Riverside, California|Riverside]]</code>, which results in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></span> in the text, but still links to the article "<a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a>"—although the <a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">pipe trick</a> is an easier way to create this particular link).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:HEADINGLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:HEADINGLINK&redirect=no">MOS:HEADINGLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="No_links_in_headers"></span>Section headings should not themselves contain links; instead, a <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">main</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:See_also" title="Template:See also">see also</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template should be placed immediately after the heading.</li> <li>Links should not be placed in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Format_of_the_first_sentence" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">boldface reiteration of the title</a> in the opening sentence of a lead.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOLINKQUOTE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOLINKQUOTE&redirect=no">MOS:NOLINKQUOTE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="Linking_quotations"></span>Be conservative when linking within quotations; link only to targets that correspond to the meaning clearly intended by the quote's author. Where possible, link from text outside of the quotation instead – either before it or soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SOB"></span><span id="MOS:SEAOFBLUE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SOB&redirect=no">MOS:SOB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SEAOFBLUE&redirect=no">MOS:SEAOFBLUE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="Sea_of_blue"></span><span class="anchor" id="Dribbles_of_blue"></span>When possible, do not place links next to each other, to avoid appearing like a single link, as in <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> <a href="/wiki/Tournament" title="Tournament">tournament</a> (<code>[[chess]] [[tournament]]</code>). Instead, consider rephrasing the sentence (<a href="/wiki/Tournament" title="Tournament">tournament</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>), omitting one of the links (<a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> tournament), or using a single, more specific link as in <a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">chess tournament</a> (<code>[[chess tournament]]</code>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:GEOLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:GEOLINK&redirect=no">MOS:GEOLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="Geographic_places"></span>For a geographical location expressed as a sequence of two or more territorial units, link only the first unit. <ul><li>For example, avoid</li></ul> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<code>[[Sydney]], [[Australia]]</code>) <dl><dd>or</dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><a href="/wiki/Quothquan" title="Quothquan">Quothquan</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Lanarkshire" title="South Lanarkshire">South Lanarkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<code>[[Quothquan]], [[South Lanarkshire]], [[Scotland]]</code>) <dl><dd>or</dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<code>[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]</code>)</dd></dl> <ul><li>Instead, use</li></ul> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia (<code>[[Sydney]], Australia</code>) <dl><dd>or</dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><a href="/wiki/Quothquan" title="Quothquan">Quothquan</a>, South Lanarkshire, Scotland (<code>[[Quothquan]], South Lanarkshire, Scotland</code>) <dl><dd>or</dd></dl></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, United States (<code>[[Buffalo, New York]], United States</code>)</dd></dl></li> <li>Linked text should avoid leading and trailing spaces. Punctuation, including spaces, should be external to the linked items.</li> <li>Articles on technical subjects might demand a higher density of links than general-interest articles, because they are likely to contain more technical terms that general dictionaries are unlikely to explain in context.</li> <li>Beware of linking to an article without first confirming that the target article covers the appropriate topic. For example, an article mentioning the physics unit "barn" should link to <a href="/wiki/Barn_(unit)" title="Barn (unit)">barn (unit)</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Barn" title="Barn">barn</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:DRAFTNOLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DRAFTNOLINK&redirect=no">MOS:DRAFTNOLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="Draft_space"></span>In articles, do not link to pages outside the article <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace</a>, except in articles about Wikipedia itself (and even in that case with care – see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid</a>).</li> <li>Do not unnecessarily make a reader chase links: if a highly technical term can be simply explained with very few words, do so.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOFORCELINK"></span><span id="MOS:FORCELINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOFORCELINK&redirect=no">MOS:NOFORCELINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:FORCELINK&redirect=no">MOS:FORCELINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div><span class="anchor" id="Forced_links"></span> Use a link when appropriate, but as far as possible do not force a reader to use that link to understand the sentence. The text needs to make sense to readers who cannot follow links. Users may print articles or read offline, and Wikipedia content may be encountered in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reusing_Wikipedia_content" title="Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content">republished form</a>, often without links.</li> <li>Refrain from implementing <a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">colored links</a> that may impede user ability to distinguish links from regular text, or color links for purely aesthetic reasons.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overlinking_and_underlinking" data-mw-thread-id="h-Overlinking_and_underlinking-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Overlinking_and_underlinking-Principles"></span><span id="Internal_links:_overlinking_and_underlinking"></span> Overlinking and underlinking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Overlinking_and_underlinking-Principles"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:CONTEXT" redirects here. For context in the lead of a biography, see <a href="/wiki/MOS:CONTEXTBIO" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:CONTEXTBIO">MOS:CONTEXTBIO</a>. For subject context in articles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">WP:AUDIENCE</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For notices that can be added to articles, see <a href="/wiki/Template:Overlinked" title="Template:Overlinked">Template:Overlinked</a> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Underlinked" title="Template:Underlinked">Template:Underlinked</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="What_generally_should_be_linked" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_generally_should_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_generally_should_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span><span id="Underlinking"></span>What generally should be linked<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_generally_should_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:UL" redirects here. For unordered lists, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#Embedded_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists § Embedded lists</a>. For underlining, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#How_not_to_apply_emphasis" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § How not to apply emphasis</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:UL"></span><span id="MOS:UNDERLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:UL&redirect=no">MOS:UL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:UNDERLINK&redirect=no">MOS:UNDERLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>An article is said to be <i>underlinked</i> if unlinked words are needed to aid understanding of the article. In general, links should be created for: </p> <ul><li>Relevant connections to the subject of another article that help readers understand the article more fully (see <a href="#An_example_article">the example</a> below). This can include people, events, and topics that already have an article or that clearly deserve one, as long as the link is relevant to the article in question.</li> <li>Articles with relevant information, for example: "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">see <a href="/wiki/Fourier_series" title="Fourier series">Fourier series</a> for relevant background</span>"</li> <li>Articles explaining words of technical terms, jargon or slang expressions or phrases—but you could also give a concise definition instead of or in addition to a link. If there is no appropriate Wikipedia article, an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">interwikimedia link</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> could be used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proper_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper name">Proper names</a> that are likely to be unfamiliar to readers</li></ul> <p>If you feel that a link is relevant to the topic of the article but does not belong in the body of an article, consider moving it to a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#See_also_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">"See also" section</a>. </p><p>Links may be created to potential articles that do not yet exist (see <a href="#Red_links">§ Red links</a>). If an article exists on a non-English language Wikipedia but not yet in English, consider a red link that also links to the non-English language article (see <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#Inline_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links § Inline links</a>.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="What_generally_should_not_be_linked" data-mw-thread-id="h-What_generally_should_not_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-What_generally_should_not_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span><span id="Overlinking"></span> What generally should not be linked<span data-mw-comment-end="h-What_generally_should_not_be_linked-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:OL"></span><span id="MOS:OVERLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OL&redirect=no">MOS:OL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OVERLINK&redirect=no">MOS:OVERLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>An article is said to be <i>overlinked</i> if it contains an excessive number of links, making it difficult to identify those likely to aid a reader's understanding.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span id="Familiar_terms"></span>A good question to ask yourself is whether reading the article you're about to link to would help someone understand the article you are linking from. Unless a term is particularly relevant to the context in the article, words and terms understood by most readers in context are usually not linked. Be conscious of your own <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:Systemic bias">demographic biases</a> when determining whether certain terms have this level of recognizability – what is well known in your age group, line of work, or country may be less so for others. Examples include: </p> <ul><li>Everyday words (e.g., education, violence, aircraft, river)</li> <li>Common occupations (e.g., accountant, politician, actor)</li> <li><a href="#Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure">Common units of measurement</a>, often those relating to time, temperature, length, area, or volume. If both non-metric and metric equivalents are given, as in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">5 centimetres (2 in)</span>, usually neither unit needs to be linked, because almost all readers understand at least one of the units.</li> <li>Dates <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="#Chronological_items">§ Chronological items</a>, below)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a> pages should not be linked from articles unless <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation#Links_to_disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">the link is purposeful</a>, such as in a hatnote. Instead, use a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">piped link</a> to the appropriate article. For example, use <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" data-alt="Green tick" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span>[[Moana (character)|Moana]]</span> for the Disney character, which appears as <a href="/wiki/Moana_(character)" title="Moana (character)">Moana</a> and leads to the intended page—instead of <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 13px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" data-alt="Red X" data-width="13" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display: none;">N</span>[[Moana]]</span>, which appears identical but leads to a disambiguation page.</li></ul> <p>In addition, <em>major</em> examples of the following categories should generally not be linked: </p> <ul><li>Countries (e.g., Brazil/Brazilian, Canada/Canadian, China/Chinese)</li> <li>Geographic features (e.g., the Himalayas, Pacific Ocean, South America)</li> <li>Settlements or municipalities (e.g., New Delhi; New York City, or just New York if the city context is already clear; London, if the context rules out <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>; Southeast Asia)</li> <li>Languages (e.g., English, Arabic, Korean, Spanish)</li> <li>Nationalities, ethnicities or identities (e.g., British, Japanese, Turkish, African American, Nigerian)</li> <li>Religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism)</li></ul> <p>Links may be excessive even if they are informative. For example, because inline links present relatively small tap targets on touchscreen devices, placing several separate inline links close together within a section of text can make navigation more difficult for readers, especially if they have limited dexterity or coordination. Balance readability, information, and accessibility when adding multiple links in one section of text. As of 2024, most stub articles average two links per sentence, or about 10 to 20 links total. Most longer articles average somewhere around one link per 20 words. The lead of an article usually has a greater density of links than later parts of the article. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Circular"></span><span class="anchor" id="Circ"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CIRCULAR"></span><span id="MOS:CIRC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CIRCULAR&redirect=no">MOS:CIRCULAR</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CIRC&redirect=no">MOS:CIRC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not link to pages that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect#Self-redirects" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect back to the page</a> the link is on (unless the link is to a <a href="/wiki/Category:Redirects_with_possibilities" title="Category:Redirects with possibilities">redirect with possibilities</a> that links to an appropriate <i>section</i> of the current article). </p><p>The purpose of linking is to clarify and to provide reasonable navigation opportunities, not to emphasize a particular word. Do not link solely to draw attention to certain words or ideas, or as a mark of respect. </p><p>External links normally should not be placed in the body of an article (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">Wikipedia:External links</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Duplicate_and_repeat_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Duplicate_and_repeat_links-Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Duplicate_and_repeat_links-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span><span id="Repeated_links"></span><span id="DUPLINK"></span> Duplicate and repeat links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Duplicate_and_repeat_links-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:REPEATLINK"></span><span id="MOS:LINKONCE"></span><span id="MOS:DUPLICATELINK"></span><span id="MOS:DUPLINK"></span><span id="MOS:DL"></span><span id="MOS:REFLINK"></span><span id="WP:LINKFIRST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REPEATLINK&redirect=no">MOS:REPEATLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LINKONCE&redirect=no">MOS:LINKONCE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DUPLICATELINK&redirect=no">MOS:DUPLICATELINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DUPLINK&redirect=no">MOS:DUPLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DL&redirect=no">MOS:DL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REFLINK&redirect=no">MOS:REFLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LINKFIRST&redirect=no">WP:LINKFIRST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Link a term at most once per major section,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at first occurrence. Common sense applies; do not re-link in other sections if not contextually important there. Other mentions may be linked if helpful, such as in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">infoboxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">tables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">image captions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">footnotes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">hatnotes</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citations</a> stand alone in their usage, so there is no problem with repeating the same link in many citations within an article; e.g. <code>|work=[[The Guardian]]</code>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Glossaries" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Glossaries">glossaries</a>, which are primarily referred to for encyclopedic entries on specific terms rather than read from top to bottom like a regular article, it is usually desirable to repeat links (including to other terms in the glossary) that were not already linked in the same entry <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(see <a href="/wiki/Template:Glossary_link" title="Template:Glossary link">Template:Glossary link</a>)</span>. </p><p>Duplicate linking in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">stand-alone and embedded lists</a> is permissible if it significantly aids the reader. This is most often the case when the list is presenting information that could just as aptly be formatted in a table, and is expected to be parsed for particular bits of data, not read from top to bottom. If the list is normal article prose that happens to be formatted as a list, treat it as normal article prose. </p><p>Duplicate links in an article can be found using the <a href="/wiki/User:Evad37/duplinks-alt" title="User:Evad37/duplinks-alt">duplinks-alt</a> sidebar tool. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lead_section" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lead_section-Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lead_section-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span>Lead section<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lead_section-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADLINK&redirect=no">MOS:LEADLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For links in the first sentence, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Contextual_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Contextual links</a>.</div> <p>Too many links can make the lead hard to read. In technical articles that use uncommon terms, a higher-than-usual link density in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> may be necessary. In such cases, try to provide an informal explanation in the lead, avoiding using too many technical terms until later in the article. (See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_manual,_guidebook,_textbook,_or_scientific_journal" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia is not a scientific journal</a>.) </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">Featured Articles</a> contain about 12 to 25 links in the lead, with an average of about 1.5 links per sentence, or one link for every 16 words.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="An_example_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-An_example_article-Overlinking_and_underlinking"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-An_example_article-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span><span class="anchor" id="An_example_article"></span>An example article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-An_example_article-Overlinking_and_underlinking"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LE"></span><span id="MOS:LINKEXAMPLES"></span><span id="MOS:EXAMPLELINKS"></span><span id="MOS:COMMONWORDS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LE&redirect=no">MOS:LE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LINKEXAMPLES&redirect=no">MOS:LINKEXAMPLES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EXAMPLELINKS&redirect=no">MOS:EXAMPLELINKS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:COMMONWORDS&redirect=no">MOS:COMMONWORDS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>For example, in the article on <a href="/wiki/Supply_and_demand" title="Supply and demand">supply and demand</a>: </p> <ul><li>Almost certainly link "<a href="/wiki/Microeconomics" title="Microeconomics">microeconomics</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/General_equilibrium_theory" title="General equilibrium theory">general equilibrium theory</a>", as these are technical terms that many readers are unlikely to understand at first sight.</li> <li>Consider linking "<a href="/wiki/Price" title="Price">price</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">goods</a>" only if these common words have technical dimensions that are specifically relevant to the topic.</li> <li>Do not link to the "United States", because that is an article on a very broad topic with no direct connection to supply and demand.</li> <li>Definitely do not link "wheat", because it is a common term with no particular relationship to the article on supply and demand, beyond its arbitrary use as an example of traded goods in that article.</li> <li>Make sure that the links are directed to the correct articles: in this example, you should link <a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">goods</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Good" title="Good">good</a>, which goes to a page on the philosophical concept. Many common dictionary words are ambiguous terms in Wikipedia and linking to them is often unhelpful to readers; "Good" is a surname and the name of albums, companies, etc., and the article title <a href="/wiki/Good_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Good (disambiguation)">Good (disambiguation)</a> is used to index those.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Link_clarity" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_clarity-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_clarity-Principles"></span>Link clarity<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_clarity-Principles"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LINKCLARITY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LINKCLARITY&redirect=no">MOS:LINKCLARITY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="#Piped_links">§ Piped links</a></div> <p>The article linked to should correspond as closely as possible to the term showing as the link, given the context. </p><p>For example, a link to the article <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem (Mozart)</a> should be clear that it is Mozart's Requiem in particular, rather than requiems in general. The link target and the link label do not have to match exactly, but the link must be as intuitive as possible (see <a href="#Intuitiveness">§ Intuitiveness</a>). </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Article text </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> </th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td> <td>When Mozart wrote <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">his Requiem</a> </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">When Mozart wrote <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem (Mozart)</span><span class="p">|</span>his Requiem<span class="p">]]</span></code> </td> <td>Includes the word "his" to specify </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td> <td>When Mozart wrote his <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a> </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">When Mozart wrote his <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem (Mozart)</span><span class="p">|</span>Requiem<span class="p">]]</span></code> </td> <td>Only word "Requiem" </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td> <td>Previn conducted <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Mozart's Requiem</a> </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Previn conducted <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem (Mozart)</span><span class="p">|</span>Mozart's Requiem<span class="p">]]</span></code> <br> <b>or</b> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Previn conducted <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Mozart's Requiem</span><span class="p">]]</span></code> </td> <td>Specifying that it is "Mozart's" </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> </td> <td>Previn conducted Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a> </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Previn conducted Mozart's <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem (Mozart)</span><span class="p">|</span>Requiem<span class="p">]]</span></code> </td> <td>Only word "Requiem" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Link_specificity" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_specificity-Principles"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_specificity-Principles"></span>Link specificity<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_specificity-Principles"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SPECIFICLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SPECIFICLINK&redirect=no">MOS:SPECIFICLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Always link to the article on the most specific topic appropriate to the context from which you link: it generally contains more focused information, as well as links to more general topics. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>What you type </th> <th>How it appears </th> <th>Specificity </th></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Icelandic orthography</span><span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic orthography</a> </td> <td>Specific (preferred) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Icelandic language</span><span class="p">|</span>Icelandic<span class="p">]]</span> orthography</code></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> orthography </td> <td>Related but less specific </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Icelandic <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">orthography</span><span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td>Icelandic <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> </td> <td>Unspecific </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">the <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">flag of Tokelau</span><span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td>the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tokelau" title="Flag of Tokelau">flag of Tokelau</a> </td> <td>Specific (preferred) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">the <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">flag</span><span class="p">]]</span> of <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Tokelau</span><span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td>the <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> </td> <td>Unspecific </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem (Mozart)</span><span class="p">|</span>Requiem<span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a> </td> <td>Specific (preferred) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Requiem</span><span class="p">]]</span></code></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a> </td> <td>Unspecific </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>If there is no article about the most specific topic, do one of the following things: </p> <ul><li>Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Starting_an_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Starting an article">creating the article</a> yourself.</li> <li>If an article on the specific topic does not yet exist, create a redirect page to the article about a more general topic, as described in section <a href="#Redirects">§ Redirects</a>. For example, if no article yet exists on the song "Sad Statue" from the album <i>Mezmerize</i>, create a new article called <a href="/wiki/Sad_Statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sad Statue">Sad Statue</a> that is a redirect to the article <i><a href="/wiki/Mezmerize_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezmerize (album)">Mezmerize</a></i>.</li> <li>If there is no article on a more general topic either, then create a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redlink&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redlink (page does not exist)">red link</a>, but first, read <a href="#Red_links">§ Red links</a> below.</li></ul> <p>When neither a redirect nor a red link appears appropriate, consider linking to a more general article instead. </p><p>For example, instead of </p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baroque_hairstyles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baroque hairstyles (page does not exist)">Baroque hairstyles</a></span> (an article which, as of 2023, had never been created),</p> <p>write </p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> hairstyles</span> (which provides a link to the Baroque era),</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Baroque <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a></span> (which provides a link to the article on hairstyle),</p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Baroque hairstyles</span> (which provides no link at all, and which may be preferable depending on context),</p> <p>or </p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" data-alt="check" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a></span> (which provides separate links to both topics);</p> <p>however, do not create </p> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" data-alt="☒" data-width="20" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Hairstyle" title="Hairstyle">hairstyles</a></span> as <a href="#Sea_of_blue">two adjacent links</a> because they may be misinterpreted as linking to a single article on that topic.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Section_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Section_links-Link_specificity"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Section_links-Link_specificity"></span>Section links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Section_links-Link_specificity"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SECTIONLINKS"></span><span id="MOS:SECLINK"></span><span id="MOS:SL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SECTIONLINKS&redirect=no">MOS:SECTIONLINKS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SECLINK&redirect=no">MOS:SECLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SL&redirect=no">MOS:SL</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Help:Link#Section_linking_(anchors)" title="Help:Link">Help:Link § Section linking (anchors)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_linking" title="Help:Section">Help:Section § Section linking</a></div> <p>If an existing article has a section specifically about a topic, linking to that section takes the reader directly to the relevant information. Section-linking options are <a href="/wiki/MOS:SECTLINK" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SECTLINK">piped links</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOS:SECTLINK" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SECTLINK">redirects</a>, and the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Section_link" title="Template:Section link">Section link</a>}}</code> template, which also generates the <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">§</span> character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avoiding_broken_section_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoiding_broken_section_links-Link_specificity"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoiding_broken_section_links-Link_specificity"></span><span id="Broken_section_links"><span id="RENAMESECTION">Avoiding broken section links</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoiding_broken_section_links-Link_specificity"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:RENAMESECTION"></span><span id="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RENAMESECTION&redirect=no">MOS:RENAMESECTION</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS&redirect=no">MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A problem can arise if the title of the section is changed for any reason, because this action breaks any incoming section links or <a href="/wiki/Template:Excerpt" title="Template:Excerpt">excerpts</a>. (If this occurs, incoming links default to the top of the linked article.) The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TARGET" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TARGET">recommended way</a> to prevent this breakage is to use a <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Anchor" title="Template:Anchor">subst:Anchor</a>}}</code> template specifying the section's prior name. </p> <p><span class="anchor" id="HIDDENLINKADVICE"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:HIDDENLINKADVICE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:HIDDENLINKADVICE&redirect=no">MOS:HIDDENLINKADVICE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>An alternative, supplementary method has been to add a hidden comment to the target section such as <span class="nowrap"><code></code></span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that someone changing the title of that section can fix the incoming links. This method is weaker, since it puts the workload on the editor seeking to change the section title. </p><p>There are some bots aimed to fix broken anchors: <a href="/wiki/User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration" title="User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration">cewbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/User:Dexbot" title="User:Dexbot">Dexbot</a>, and <a href="/wiki/User:FrescoBot" title="User:FrescoBot">FrescoBot</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Techniques" data-mw-thread-id="h-Techniques"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Techniques"></span>Techniques<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Techniques"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redirects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Redirects-Techniques"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Redirects-Techniques"></span>Redirects<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Redirects-Techniques"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:RDR"></span><span id="MOS:REDIR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RDR&redirect=no">MOS:RDR</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REDIR&redirect=no">MOS:REDIR</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Wikipedia:Redirect</a></div> <p>Suppose you need to link <i>poodle</i>, and there is no such article yet. You might want to create a redirect from "poodle" to "dog" as follows: Link as usual: <code>She owned a [[poodle]]</code>. When you save or preview this, you see: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">She owned a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Red_link_example&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Red link example (page does not exist)">poodle</a></span>. Click on the red link, and you are invited to create a new page for <i>poodle</i>; enter (perhaps) <code>#REDIRECT [[Dog]]</code>, so that readers clicking on <i>poodle</i> are taken, for now, to the dog article. </p><p>The redirect <a href="#NOPIPE">is better</a> in a case like this than a direct link like <code>[[dog|poodle]]</code>, because when an actual <i>poodle</i> article is eventually created (replacing the redirect), readers clicking on <i>poodle</i> are taken there automatically without anyone needing to review all the links to <i>dog</i> to see which ones should actually go to <i>poodle</i>. </p><p>To link to a redirect page without following the underlying redirect, use e.g. <code>{{no redirect|poodle}}</code>. Avoid linking redirects that are <a href="/wiki/Help:Self_link" title="Help:Self link">self links</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SELFRED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SELFRED">WP:SELFRED</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piped_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Piped_links-Techniques"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Piped_links-Techniques"></span>Piped links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Piped_links-Techniques"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:PIPE"></span><span id="MOS:PIPEDLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PIPE&redirect=no">MOS:PIPE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PIPEDLINK&redirect=no">MOS:PIPEDLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">Wikipedia:Piped link</a></div> <p>Though a wikilink defaults to displaying the title of the target article, it is possible to choose more specific or more appropriate display text for the intended context. This can be done with the use of the pipe character (<b>|</b>). For example, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[Henry II of England|Henry II]]</code></span> displays as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a></span>. However, make sure that it is still clear what the link is about without having to follow the link. Think about what the reader may believe the text refers to. For example, when seeing the link <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Archery]]</code></span>, which displays as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Archery</a></span>, the reader would probably expect this link to go to a general article on <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a>, rather than <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics</a></span> specifically. An exception to this is when it is clear from the context that a link refers to a specific article; for instance, in <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Template:Events at the 2008 Summer Olympics">Template:Events at the 2008 Summer Olympics</a></span> all links go to articles about these particular games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Style" data-mw-thread-id="h-Style-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Style-Piped_links"></span>Style<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Style-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:PIPESTYLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PIPESTYLE&redirect=no">MOS:PIPESTYLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li><b>Plurals and other derived names.</b> <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[apple]]s</code></span> displays as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a></span>, and this is simpler and clearer than <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[apple|apples]]</code></span>. Similarly: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[appeal]]ing</code></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[hyperlink]]ed</code></span>, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[red]]dest</code></span>. Some characters do not work after the link; see <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Help:Link</a> for more details.</li> <li><b>Case sensitivity.</b> Links are not sensitive to initial capitalization, so there is no need to use the pipe character where the case of the initial letter is the only difference between the link text and the target page. (Wikipedia article titles almost always begin with a capital, whereas the linked words in context often do not.) However, links are case-sensitive for all characters after the initial one.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intuitiveness" data-mw-thread-id="h-Intuitiveness-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Intuitiveness-Piped_links"></span>Intuitiveness<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Intuitiveness-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MOS:EGG" redirects here. You may also be looking for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EASTEREGG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EASTEREGG">WP:EASTEREGG</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:EGG"></span><span id="MOS:EASTEREGG"></span><span id="MOS:SUBMARINE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EGG&redirect=no">MOS:EGG</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:EASTEREGG&redirect=no">MOS:EASTEREGG</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SUBMARINE&redirect=no">MOS:SUBMARINE</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><span class="anchor" id="EGG"></span><span class="anchor" id="SUBMARINE"></span><span class="anchor" id="ASTONISH"></span> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Easter_egg_hunt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="young child looks under some green plants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Easter_egg_hunt.JPG/220px-Easter_egg_hunt.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Easter_egg_hunt.JPG/220px-Easter_egg_hunt.JPG" data-alt="young child looks under some green plants" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Easter_egg_hunt.JPG/330px-Easter_egg_hunt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Easter_egg_hunt.JPG/440px-Easter_egg_hunt.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Is there anything hidden in here?</figcaption></figure> <p>Keep piped links as intuitive as possible. Per the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principle_of_least_astonishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Principle of least astonishment">principle of least astonishment</a>, make sure that the reader knows what to expect when clicking on a link. You should plan your page structure and links so that everything appears reasonable and makes sense. </p><p>A link's visible label does not need to match the exact title of the article being linked, such as in <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[surgical suture|suture]]</span> or <span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Passing (sports)|passed the ball]]</span>. However, avoid "<a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)" title="Easter egg (media)">Easter egg</a>" or "submarine" links, which are links that unexpectedly hide relevant information underneath the link's label. For example, do not write:<br> <code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Richard Feynman was also known for work in [[Parton (particle physics)|particle physics]].</span></code><br>Here readers would see the link displayed as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Parton_(particle_physics)" title="Parton (particle physics)">particle physics</a></span>, not the hidden reference to the page <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Parton_(particle_physics)" title="Parton (particle physics)">Parton (particle physics)</a></span>, unless they clicked on the link or hovered their <a href="/wiki/Mouse_cursor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse cursor">mouse cursor</a> over it. If a physical copy of the article were printed, the reference to the parton model would be lost. </p><p>Instead, refer to the separate article with an explicit <i>see also X</i>, or by rephrasing the sentence, as in:<br> <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Richard Feynman was also known for work in [[particle physics]], especially the [[Parton (particle physics)|parton]] model.</span></code> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="More_words_into_a_link" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_words_into_a_link-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-More_words_into_a_link-Piped_links"></span>More words into a link<span data-mw-comment-end="h-More_words_into_a_link-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:MORELINK"></span><span id="MOS:MORELINKWORDS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MORELINK&redirect=no">MOS:MORELINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MORELINKWORDS&redirect=no">MOS:MORELINKWORDS</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><span class="anchor" id="MORELINK"></span><span class="anchor" id="MORELINKWORDS"></span> </p><p>Sometimes moving other words into the bluelinked text avoids surprise. </p><p>For example, in an article on the history of Texas:<br> <code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">In 1845, the Republic of Texas was [[Texas annexation|annexed]] by the United States.</span></code><br>appears as:<br> In 1845, the Republic of Texas was <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">annexed</a> by the United States.<br> which looks the same as a link to the generic topic of <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a> would.<br>However:<br> <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">In 1845, the [[Texas annexation|Republic of Texas was annexed]] by the United States.</span></code><br> appears as:<br> In 1845, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Republic of Texas was annexed</a> by the United States.<br> and is clear that the 1845 annexation of Texas is linked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Names_in_names" data-mw-thread-id="h-Names_in_names-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Names_in_names-Piped_links"></span>Names in names<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Names_in_names-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LINKINNAME"></span><span id="MOS:PARTIALNAMELINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LINKINNAME&redirect=no">MOS:LINKINNAME</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PARTIALNAMELINK&redirect=no">MOS:PARTIALNAMELINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Do not place a link to a name within another name. For example: </p> <table style="text-align:right; margin-left:44.8px"> <tbody><tr> <th>Write: </th> <td><code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Columbus Avenue (Boston)|Columbus Avenue]]</span></code></td> <td>→ <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Boston)" title="Columbus Avenue (Boston)">Columbus Avenue</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Do not write: </th> <td><code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]] Avenue</span></code></td> <td>→ <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbus</a> Avenue </td></tr> <tr> <th>Write: </th> <td><code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Feynman diagram]]</span></code></td> <td>→ <a href="/wiki/Feynman_diagram" title="Feynman diagram">Feynman diagram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Do not write: </th> <td><code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Richard Feynman|Feynman]] diagram</span></code></td> <td>→ <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> diagram </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The above applies regardless of whether linking to the full name creates a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red link</a>; for example, even if there is no article titled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_Avenue_(Brooklyn)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lafayette Avenue (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)">Lafayette Avenue (Brooklyn)</a>: </p> <table style="text-align:right; margin-left:44.8px"> <tbody><tr> <th>Do not write: </th> <td><code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Lafayette]] Avenue</span></code></td> <td>→ <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> Avenue </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>See also <a href="#Link_clarity">§ Link clarity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piping_and_redirects" data-mw-thread-id="h-Piping_and_redirects-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Piping_and_redirects-Piped_links"></span>Piping and redirects<span class="anchor" id="NOPIPE"></span><span class="anchor" id="Piping_and_redirects"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Piping_and_redirects-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOPIPE"></span><span id="MOS:DYKPIPE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOPIPE&redirect=no">MOS:NOPIPE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DYKPIPE&redirect=no">MOS:DYKPIPE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>As per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN">WP:NOTBROKEN</a> and <a href="#Link_specificity">§ Link specificity</a> above, do not use a piped link where it is possible to use a redirected term that fits well within the scope of the text. For example, the page <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Papageno" class="mw-redirect" title="Papageno">Papageno</a></span> is a redirect to the article about Mozart's opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a></i> (since Papageno is a character in The Magic Flute). While editing some other article, you might want to link the term <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Papageno</span>; here, you might be tempted to avoid the redirect by using a pipe within the link, as in <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><code>[[The Magic Flute|Papageno]]</code></span>. Instead, write simply <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[Papageno]]</code></span> and let the system handle the rest. This has two advantages: first, if an article is written later about the more specific subject (in this case, "Papageno", the character), fewer links need to be changed to accommodate the new article; second, it indicates that the article is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Most-wanted_articles" title="Wikipedia:Most-wanted articles">wanted</a>. </p><p>An exception to this rule is when linking to articles in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Did_you_know" title="Wikipedia:Did you know">Did you know</a> (DYK) "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Did_you_know#DYK_rules" title="Wikipedia:Did you know">hooks</a>" <a href="/wiki/Main_Page#mp-dyk-h2" title="Main Page">on the Main Page</a>, where piping links to prevent readers from seeing a redirect notice is preferable, and the hook is live only for a short time. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference">(See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Piped_link#When_not_to_use" title="Wikipedia:Piped link">WP:Piped link § When not to use</a>.)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Piped_links_and_redirects_to_sections_of_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Piped_links_and_redirects_to_sections_of_articles-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Piped_links_and_redirects_to_sections_of_articles-Piped_links"></span><span id="Linking_to_sections_of_articles"></span> Piped links and redirects to sections of articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Piped_links_and_redirects_to_sections_of_articles-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SECTLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SECTLINK&redirect=no">MOS:SECTLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="#Section_links">§ Section links</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Link#Section_linking_(anchors)" title="Help:Link">Help:Link § Section linking (anchors)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect#Targeted_and_untargeted_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">Wikipedia:Redirect § Targeted and untargeted redirects</a></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/MOS:SECLINK" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SECLINK">explained above</a>, links to sections can take the reader directly to relevant information. </p><p><i><b>Piped links.</b></i> </p><p>Using a piped link to sections avoids the unsightly <i>Article name#Section name</i> in the display text. </p><p>The format for a piped link is <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Article#Section|name of link]]</span></code>. For example, to link to the "Culture" subsection of the article <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, type </p> <ul><li><code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[Oman#Culture|culture of Oman]]</span></code> (note that the section name is case-sensitive),</li></ul> <p>which displays as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a href="/wiki/Oman#Culture" title="Oman">culture of Oman</a></span>. Then add a <a href="/wiki/MOS:COMMENT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:COMMENT">hidden comment</a> to the target section such as <code></code> so that if another user edits the title of that section, they can fix the incoming links (or, in cases where a section has a large number of incoming links, use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Anchor" title="Template:Anchor">Anchor</a>}}</code> on the anchor page). </p><p>To link to a section within the same article, write: <code>[[#Promotion to rook or bishop|§ promotion to a rook or bishop]]</code>. </p><p><i><b>Redirects to sections which may become articles.</b></i> </p><p>Many topics useful for linking may currently appear only as sections of other Wikipedia articles, but are potentially notable enough to become articles on their own. For example, the article <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Eastern Anyshire</span> might have a small "History" section, but this does not prevent the article <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">History of Eastern Anyshire</span> being written eventually. A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> page from such a sub-topic to a general topic may exist already; if not, a redirect can be created when the occasion arises. It is bad practice to create links in article text using the format <code>[[Article#Section]]</code>; navigation then becomes difficult if the section is expanded into a new article. Instead, link using a redirect to the main topic; <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTBROKEN">it costs little</a> and makes improvements easier. Thus: </p> <ul><li>In a redirect page named "<samp>History of <var style="padding-right: 1px;">Topic</var></samp>", use <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">#REDIRECT [[<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Topic</var>#History]]</span></code>.</li> <li>In another article, use <code><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[[history of <var style="padding-right: 1px;">Topic</var>]]</span></code>.</li> <li>Avoid: <code><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">[[<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Topic</var>#History|history of <var style="padding-right: 1px;">Topic</var>]]</span></code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Links_to_non-English_language_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_to_non-English_language_pages-Piped_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_to_non-English_language_pages-Piped_links"></span>Links to non-English language pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_to_non-English_language_pages-Piped_links"></span></h4></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links#Inline_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links § Inline links</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories-Techniques"><span id="Links_to_Wikipedia.27s_categories"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories-Techniques"></span>Links to Wikipedia's categories<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_to_Wikipedia's_categories-Techniques"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Colon_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Colon trick">Wikipedia:Colon trick</a></div> <p>Wikipedia has categories of articles like <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[Category:Phrases]]</code></span>; adding this to an article puts it into that category. You can link to a category by putting a colon in front. </p><p>For example <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>[[:Category:Phrases]]</code></span> links to <a href="/wiki/Category:Phrases" title="Category:Phrases">Category:Phrases</a>, and piping can be used: <a href="/wiki/Category:Phrases" title="Category:Phrases">Phrases</a>. </p> <p><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><code>{{See also cat|Phrases}}</code></span> creates: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Phrases" title="Category:Phrases">Category:Phrases</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Red_links-Techniques"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Red_links-Techniques"></span>Red links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Red_links-Techniques"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:REDLINKS"></span><span id="MOS:REDLINK"></span><span id="MOS:RL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REDLINKS&redirect=no">MOS:REDLINKS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:REDLINK&redirect=no">MOS:REDLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:RL&redirect=no">MOS:RL</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">Wikipedia:Red link</a></div> <p>Overlinking in general is a style issue partly because of the undesirable effect upon readability. But if too many <i>blue</i> links is distracting, then a <i>red</i> link is even more so. The <i>unassuming</i> coloration of the text (probably black) is the most productive. </p><p>In prose, if it seems that the level of red linking is overlinking, remember that red links have been found to be a driving force that encourages contributions,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then use that fact to balance the perceived stylistic issues of "overlinking" the red links. (Legitimate red links are titles to unfulfilled coverage of topics that do not violate "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a>" policy.) Given a certain number of red links needed, if marking <em>all</em> of them could be overlinking, then just <em>how many</em> should be marked could be a style issue, and just <em>which ones</em> are priority is a helpful contribution. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/MOS:LISTS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LISTS">lists</a>, overlinking red links can occur when every item on a list is a red link. If the list is uniform, where each item is obviously qualified for an article, a <em>single</em> red link (or blue link) could indicate that. If the list is not uniform, the research effort to mark all possible red links is a risky investment: while red means "approved" status, "black" remains ambiguous, even though it meant "disapproved" <em>after research</em>. Valid <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">requests</a> for the future creation of each title in a list, or in prose, may also be a risky investment when the number of red links could be perceived by <i>other</i> editors as overlinking, and then removed before the investment was fruitful. The removal of massive numbers of red links from an overlinked list is best handled by an editor skilled in the automation of <a href="/wiki/Text_processing" title="Text processing">text processing</a>. </p><p>Red links can also be removed if they violate policy or the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">guideline for red links</a>, but otherwise red links do not have an expiration date. If you remain convinced there is overlinking of red links, consider turning some of them blue. The methods to do so are by creating a simple <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">disambiguation</a> page. All of these require the certainty that the red link was legitimate in the first place, such as the conventions on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">article titles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Colored_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Colored_links-Red_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Colored_links-Red_links"></span>Colored links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Colored_links-Red_links"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting#Color" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting § Color</a></div> <p>In prose, refrain from implementing colored links, as these may impede user ability to distinguish links from regular text. See the guides to editing articles for accessibility at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CONTRAST" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CONTRAST">contrast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NAVBOXCOLOUR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NAVBOXCOLOUR">navbox colors</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Checking_links_as_they_are_created" data-mw-thread-id="h-Checking_links_as_they_are_created-Techniques"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Checking_links_as_they_are_created-Techniques"></span>Checking links as they are created<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Checking_links_as_they_are_created-Techniques"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:TESTLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TESTLINK&redirect=no">WP:TESTLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>It's easy to create an erroneous link without realizing it. When adding a new link, it's a good idea to click on the "Show preview" button and then (from the preview) open the link in a new browser tab to check that it goes where you intend. </p><p>By following <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions">naming conventions</a>, an internal link is much more likely to lead to an existing article. When there is not yet an article about the subject, a good link makes it easier to create a correctly named article later. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Specific_cases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Specific_cases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Specific_cases"></span>Specific cases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Specific_cases"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linking_month-and-day_or_year" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_month-and-day_or_year-Specific_cases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_month-and-day_or_year-Specific_cases"></span><span id="Chronological_items"></span><span id="Year_linking"></span><span id="Month-and-day_linking"></span>Linking month-and-day or year<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_month-and-day_or_year-Specific_cases"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:DATELINK"></span><span id="WP:YEARLINK"></span><span id="WP:LINKYEAR"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:DATELINK&redirect=no">WP:DATELINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:YEARLINK&redirect=no">WP:YEARLINK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:LINKYEAR&redirect=no">WP:LINKYEAR</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Month-and-day articles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> and <a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">10 July</a>) and year articles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>, <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a>, <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>) should not be linked unless the linked date or year has a significant connection to the subject of the linking article, beyond that of the date itself, so that the linking enhances the reader's understanding of the subject. For example: </p> <ul><li>The date (or year) should not be linked in a sentence such as (from <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a>): "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The Sydney Opera House was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007</span>", because little if any content of either <a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> or <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> pertains to either UNESCO, World Heritage Sites, or the Sydney Opera House.</li> <li>The years of birth and death of architect <a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a> should not be linked, because little if any content of <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a> or <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> enhances the reader's understanding of Johnson or his work.</li> <li><code>[[Timeline of World War II (1942)|1942]]</code> might be linked from another article about WWII.</li> <li><code>[[1787 in science|1787]]</code> might be linked from a passage discussing a particular development in the metric system which occurred in that year.</li></ul> <p>However, in intrinsically chronological articles (<a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>, <a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a>), links to specific month-and-day, month-and year, or year articles are not discouraged. </p><p>Commemorative days (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a>) are not considered month-and-day items for the purposes of the above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure" data-mw-thread-id="h-Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure-Specific_cases"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure-Specific_cases"></span><span id="Units"></span> Units of measurement that are not obscure<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Units_of_measurement_that_are_not_obscure-Specific_cases"></span></h3></div> <p>Generally, a unit should be linked only if it is likely to be obscure to many readers or is itself being discussed. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">bushel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">hand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">candela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mho" class="mw-redirect" title="Mho">mho</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Millibarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Millibarn">millibarn</a> might be considered obscure even if they are well-known <i>within their field of use</i>. Other units may be obscure in some countries even if well known in others. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links_section" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_section"></span>External links section<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_section"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">Wikipedia:External links</a></div> <p>Wikipedia is not a link collection, and an article comprising only links is contrary to what the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT#LINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">"what Wikipedia is not" policy</a> dictates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syntax-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syntax-External_links_section"></span>Syntax<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syntax-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <p>The syntax for referencing a web address is simple. Just enclose it in single brackets with a space between the URL and the text that is displayed when the page is previewed or saved: </p> <dl><dd><code>[https://www.example.org Text to display]</code></dd></dl> <p>The text appears as: </p> <dl><dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.example.org">Text to display</a></dd></dl> <p>The URL must begin with either <code>http://</code> or <code>https://</code> (preferring <code>https://</code>, where available), or another common protocol, such as <code>ftp://</code> or <code>news://</code>. If no protocol is used, the square brackets display normally – [like this] – and can be used in the standard way. </p><p>In addition, putting URLs in plain text with no markup automatically produces a link, for example <code>https://www.example.org/</code> → <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.example.org/">https://www.example.org/</a></span>. However, this feature may disappear in a future release. Therefore, in cases where you wish to display the URL because it is intrinsically valuable information, it is better to use the short form of the URL (domain name) as the optional text: <code>[https://www.example.org/ example.org]</code> produces <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.example.org/">example.org</a></span>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citations templates</a> such as <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code> should not be used in the <code>==External links==</code> section. <a href="/wiki/Category:External_link_templates" title="Category:External link templates">External link templates</a> such as <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Official_website" title="Template:Official website">official website</a>}}</code> are used instead of citation templates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Link_titles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_titles-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_titles-External_links_section"></span>Link titles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_titles-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Embedded_citations" title="Wikipedia:Embedded citations">Wikipedia:Embedded citations</a></div> <p>Embedded HTML links within an article are a now-deprecated way to supply a bare URL as a source within an article, by simply enclosing the URL in square brackets, like this: <code>[https://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1650417,00.html]</code> → <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1650417,00.html">[1]</a></span>. However, you should add a descriptive title when an external link is offered in the <a href="/wiki/MOS:REFERENCES" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:REFERENCES">References</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOS:FURTHER" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:FURTHER">Further reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:EL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:EL">External links</a> sections. This is done by supplying descriptive text after the URL, separated by a space and enclosing it all in square brackets. </p><p>For example, to add a title to a bare URL such as <code>https://en.wikipedia.org/</code> (this is rendered as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/">https://en.wikipedia.org/</a></span>), use the following syntax: <code>[https://en.wikipedia.org/ an open-content encyclopedia]</code> (this is rendered as "<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/">an open-content encyclopedia</a></span>"). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:URL"></span><span id="MOS:DOMAINNAME"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:URL&redirect=no">MOS:URL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:DOMAINNAME&redirect=no">MOS:DOMAINNAME</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p><span class="anchor" id="URL"></span> </p><p>Generally, URLs and domain names are ugly and uninformative; it is better for a meaningful title or description to be displayed rather than the URL or domain itself. For example, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/ESA">European Space Agency website</a></span> is much more reader-friendly than <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.esa.int/ESA">http://www.esa.int/ESA</a></span>. There may be exceptions where the domain name is well known or is also the company or publication name. When a URL or domain name is given, putting both a plain-English title or description and the URL is often more informative: for example, <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/ESA">European Space Agency website, www.esa.int</a></span>. </p><p>If the URL or domain name <em>is</em> displayed, make it as simple as possible; for example, if the <code>index.html</code> is superfluous, remove it (but be sure to check in preview mode first). Many but not all sites can be trimmed of a leading "www."; test it to be sure. Use <a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">camel case</a> to make a displayed domain more readable, e.g. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">WashingtonPost.com</span> versus <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">washingtonpost.com</span>. </p><p>The "printable version" of a Wikipedia article displays all URLs in full, including those given a title, so no information is lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="URLs_as_embedded_(numbered)_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-URLs_as_embedded_(numbered)_links-External_links_section"><span id="URLs_as_embedded_.28numbered.29_links"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-URLs_as_embedded_(numbered)_links-External_links_section"></span>URLs as embedded (numbered) links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-URLs_as_embedded_(numbered)_links-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <p>Without the optional text, external references appear as automatically numbered links: For example, </p> <dl><dd><code>[https://en.wikipedia.org/]</code></dd></dl> <p>is displayed like this: </p> <dl><dd><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/">[2]</a></dd></dl> <p>Numbered links of this type used to be used after the punctuation, like this,<a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:CITE">[3]</a> with a full citation given in the References section. This style of referencing is now deprecated, because such links are susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">link rot</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Wikipedia:Citing sources</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia:Verifiability</a> for more information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Position_in_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Position_in_article-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Position_in_article-External_links_section"></span>Position in article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Position_in_article-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/MOS:ORDER" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ORDER">MOS:ORDER</a></div> <p>Embedded links that support information in an article are positioned in the same manner as any other reference in the article, following the usual standards about <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Embedded_links" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citation formatting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFPUNC" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFPUNC">placement in relation to punctuation</a>. </p><p>Links that are <b>not</b> used as sources can be listed in the External links section, like this: </p> <dl><dd><code>==External links==</code></dd> <dd><code>* [https://...] </code></dd> <dd><code>* [http://...] </code></dd></dl> <p>As with other top-level headings, two equal signs should be used to mark up the external links heading (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Headings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout § Headings</a>). <i>External links</i> should always be the last section in an article. It precedes categories and some kinds of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NAVBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NAVBOX">navigation templates</a>. </p><p>If there is a dispute on the position of an embedded link, consider organizing alphabetically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-English-language_sites" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-English-language_sites-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-English-language_sites-External_links_section"></span>Non-English-language sites<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-English-language_sites-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <p>Webpages in English are highly preferred. Linking to non-English pages may still be useful for readers in the following cases: </p> <ul><li>When the website is the subject of the article</li> <li>When linking to pages with maps, diagrams, photos, tables (explain the key terms with the link, so that people who do not know the language can interpret them)</li> <li>When the webpage contains information found on no English-language site of comparable quality, and is used as a citation (or when translations on English-language sites are not authoritative).</li></ul> <p>If the language is one that most readers could not be expected to recognize, or is for some other reason unclear from the name of the publication or the book or article or page title, consider indicating what language the site is in. </p> <ul><li>Example: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kohajone.com/"><i>Koha Jonë</i></a>, an Albanian-language newspaper from <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></span></li> <li>Example: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elpais.es/"><i>El País</i></a>, a Spanish-language newspaper from <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></span></li></ul> <p>You can also indicate the language by putting a language template after the link. This is done using <a href="/wiki/Template:In_lang" title="Template:In lang">Template:In lang</a> by typing <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:In_lang" title="Template:In lang">In lang</a>|<<var style="padding-right: 1px;">language code</var>>}}</code>. For example, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:In_lang" title="Template:In lang">In lang</a>|es}}</code> displays as: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span>. See <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_639_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ISO 639 codes">list of ISO 639 codes</a>. </p><p>When using one of the <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a> templates, instead of the <span class="nowrap"><code>{{In lang}}</code></span> template, use the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|language=</code> parameter. This parameter accepts language names or language codes; see <a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation/language/doc" title="Template:Citation Style documentation/language/doc">this list of supported names and codes</a>. (Use of language codes is to be preferred because cs1|2 automatically renders language names in the language of the local Wikipedia.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="File_type_and_size" data-mw-thread-id="h-File_type_and_size-External_links_section"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-File_type_and_size-External_links_section"></span>File type and size<span data-mw-comment-end="h-File_type_and_size-External_links_section"></span></h3></div> <p>If the link is not to an <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> or <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> file (the latter is identified automatically by the software with an icon like this: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.example.com/test.pdf">[4]</a></span>), identify the file type. Useful templates are available: <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:DOClink" title="Template:DOClink">DOClink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:RTFlink" title="Template:RTFlink">RTFlink</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. If a <a href="/wiki/Browser_plugin" class="mw-redirect" title="Browser plugin">browser plugin</a> is required to view the file, mention that as well. If a link is to a PDF file but doesn't end with <code>.pdf</code>, you can put a <code>#.pdf</code> at the end to flag it as a PDF. </p><p>If the link is to a very large page (considering all its elements, including images), a note about that is useful since someone with a slow or expensive connection may decide not to visit it. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Interwiki_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-Interwiki_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Interwiki_links"></span>Interwiki links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Interwiki_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IWL"></span><span id="MOS:INTERWIKI"></span><span id="MOS:INTERLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IWL&redirect=no">MOS:IWL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:INTERWIKI&redirect=no">MOS:INTERWIKI</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:INTERLINK&redirect=no">MOS:INTERLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Help:Interlanguage links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Help:Interwiki linking</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linking" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking-Interwiki_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking-Interwiki_links"></span>Linking<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking-Interwiki_links"></span></h3></div> <p>Using links to <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">wiktionary</a> as an example, interwiki links can take the form of: </p> <dl><dd><code>[[wikt:article]]</code> which appears as: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/article" class="extiw" title="wikt:article">wikt:article</a></dd></dl> <p>The pipe symbol suppresses the prefix: </p> <dl><dd><code>[[wikt:article|]]</code> → <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/article" class="extiw" title="wikt:article">article</a></dd></dl> <p>Adding text after the pipe allows either the same or a different text (with no prefix): </p> <dl><dd><code>[[wikt:article|article]]</code> → <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/article" class="extiw" title="wikt:article">article</a></dd> <dd><code>[[wikt:article|Any text]]</code> → <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/article" class="extiw" title="wikt:article">Any text</a></dd></dl> <p>To avoid reader confusion, inline interlanguage, or interwiki, linking within an article's body text is generally discouraged. Exceptions: <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> entries may be linked inline (e.g. to an unusual word or the text of a document being discussed), and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Interlanguage_link" title="Template:Interlanguage link">Interlanguage link</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template may be helpful to show a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RED" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RED">red link</a> accompanied by an interlanguage link if no article exists in English Wikipedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floating_boxes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Floating_boxes-Interwiki_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Floating_boxes-Interwiki_links"></span>Floating boxes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Floating_boxes-Interwiki_links"></span></h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 34px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="34" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" class="extiw" title="q:Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div><p>Floating boxes for links to articles in other Wikimedia Foundation projects such as Wiktionary and Wikiquote can be done with special link templates such as <code>{{Wikiquote|Jimmy Wales}}</code>. These display as a box with a logo. Similar templates exist for some free content resources that are not run by the Wikimedia Foundation. These boxes are formatted in light green to distinguish them from Wikipedia's official sister projects. A list of such templates can be found at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_templates_linking_to_other_free_content_projects" title="Wikipedia:List of templates linking to other free content projects">Wikipedia:List of templates linking to other free content projects</a>. </p></section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Link_maintenance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Link_maintenance"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Link_maintenance"></span>Link maintenance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Link_maintenance"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Linking and continual change are both central features of Wikipedia. However, continual change makes linking vulnerable to acquired technical faults, and to the later provision of different information from that which was originally intended. This is true of both "outgoing" links (<i>from</i> an article) and "incoming" links (<i>to</i> an article). </p> <ul><li><i>Outgoing links:</i> These should be checked from time to time for unintended changes that are undesirable. If the opportunity arises to improve their formatting, appropriateness, and focus, this should be done.</li> <li><i>Incoming links:</i> Creating an article turns blue any existing red links to its title. Proper redlinks are created only in the hope that an article will eventually be written. Therefore, when creating an article, it is wise to check "What links here" to identify such redlinks, if any, and that they are appropriate.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Buttons" data-mw-thread-id="h-Buttons"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Buttons"></span>Buttons<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Buttons"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BUTTONS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BUTTONS&redirect=no">MOS:BUTTONS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Button_(computing)" title="Button (computing)">Buttons</a> should not be used in articles. If the desire is to "navigate" a reader to a new page, taking them away from the current page, a link is preferred. Buttons are used within Wikipedia to trigger an "action", such as <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Help:Show_preview" title="Help:Show preview"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive"><span style="color:white">Show preview</span></span></a></span> or <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateAccount" title="Special:CreateAccount"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive"><span style="color:white">Create account</span></span></a></span> or <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages#Getting_started" title="Help:Talk pages"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive"><span style="color:white">Reply</span></span></a></span> or <span class="plainlinks clickbutton"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive"><span style="color:white">Ask a question</span></span></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts</a> (information page summarizing the key points of this guideline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwikimedia_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Interwikimedia links">Help:Interwikimedia links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Menu/Links" title="Help:Menu/Links">Help:Menu/Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dead_end" title="Template:Dead end">Template:Dead end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dead_link" title="Template:Dead link">Template:Dead link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Underlinked" title="Template:Underlinked">Template:Underlinked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead-end_pages" title="Wikipedia:Dead-end pages">Wikipedia:Dead-end pages</a>, pages without internal links</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Integrate" title="Wikipedia:Integrate">Wikipedia:Integrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Links_to_(disambiguation)_pages" title="Wikipedia:Links to (disambiguation) pages">Wikipedia:Links to (disambiguation) pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Orphan" title="Wikipedia:Orphan">Wikipedia:Orphan</a>, pages without incoming links</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">Wikipedia:Red link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Walled_garden" title="Wikipedia:Walled garden">Wikipedia:Walled garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_doesn%27t_use_Allwiki" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia doesn't use Allwiki">Wikipedia:Wikipedia doesn't use Allwiki</a>, the idea that every single word should be a link</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orphanage" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage">Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage</a>, editors dedicated to clearing up the immense backlog of orphaned articles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Tony1/Build_your_linking_skills" title="User:Tony1/Build your linking skills">User:Tony1/Build your linking skills</a>, a tutorial on high-quality linking with practice questions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/User:Evad37/duplinks-alt" title="User:Evad37/duplinks-alt">User:Evad37/duplinks-alt</a>, a script to highlight links occuring more than once in an article</li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many, but not all, articles repeat the article title in bold face in the first line of the article. Linking the article to itself produces <b>boldface text</b>; this practice is discouraged as page moves result in a useless circular link through a redirect. Linking <i>part</i> of the bolded text is also discouraged because it changes the visual effect of bolding; some readers can miss the visual cue which is the purpose of using bold face in the first place.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">If quoting hypertext that includes a Wikipedia link particularly salient to the quote's use, a <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[link in original]</span> editorial note may be added. <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">[link added]</span> notes should generally be avoided, because if the clarification is needed badly enough to justify disrupting the flow of text, the link is probably not conservative and should be omitted.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Improving_link_coverage" class="extiw" title="m:Research:Improving link coverage">2015 study of log data</a> found that "in the English Wikipedia, of all the 800,000 links added ... in February 2015, the majority (66%) were not clicked even a single time in March 2015, and among the rest most links were clicked only very rarely", and that "simply adding more links does not increase the overall number of clicks taken from a page. Instead, links compete with each other for user attention." This was reported in: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFParanjapeWestLeskovecZia2016" class="citation conference cs1">Paranjape, Ashwin; West, Bob; Leskovec, Jure; Zia, Leila (February 22–25, 2016). "Improving Website Hyperlink Structure Using Server Logs". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infolab.stanford.edu/~west1/pubs/Paranjape-West-Leskovec-Zia_WSDM-16.pdf"><i>WSDM'16: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. San Francisco: <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2835776.2835832">10.1145/2835776.2835832</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781450337168" title="Special:BookSources/9781450337168"><bdi>9781450337168</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Improving+Website+Hyperlink+Structure+Using+Server+Logs&rft.btitle=WSDM%2716%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Ninth+ACM+International+Conference+on+Web+Search+and+Data+Mining&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2016-02-22%2F2016-02-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2835776.2835832&rft.isbn=9781450337168&rft.aulast=Paranjape&rft.aufirst=Ashwin&rft.au=West%2C+Bob&rft.au=Leskovec%2C+Jure&rft.au=Zia%2C+Leila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfolab.stanford.edu%2F~west1%2Fpubs%2FParanjape-West-Leskovec-Zia_WSDM-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Major sections are generally detailed sections with a level-2 heading, but consensus at an article may determine a lower-level subsection is major, especially when a preceding subsection is especially long, when an article's structure puts most content under level-3 headings with level-2 ones primarily used for thematic grouping, or when a subsection is a link target at which many readers arrive directly.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The hidden message (<code></code>) must be added to the target section with a break between the header and the hidden message, or problems arise. Note the two lines:<br> <code>==Target section==</code><br> <code></code><br> See <a href="/wiki/MOS:HEADINGS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:HEADINGS">MOS:HEADINGS</a> for further information about valid and invalid placement of heading comments.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Academic research has suggested that red links may be a driving force in Wikipedia growth; see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpinellisLouridas2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diomidis_Spinellis" title="Diomidis Spinellis">Spinellis, Diomidis</a>; Louridas, Panagiotis (2008). "The collaborative organization of knowledge". <i><a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">Communications of the ACM</a></i>. <b>51</b> (8). <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>: 68–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1378704.1378720">10.1145/1378704.1378720</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:77400">77400</a>. <q>Most new articles are created shortly after a corresponding reference to them is entered into the system</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=The+collaborative+organization+of+knowledge&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=68-73&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1378704.1378720&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A77400%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Spinellis&rft.aufirst=Diomidis&rft.au=Louridas%2C+Panagiotis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span> See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inflationary_hypothesis_of_Wikipedia_growth" title="Wikipedia:Inflationary hypothesis of Wikipedia growth">Wikipedia:Inflationary hypothesis of Wikipedia growth</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorak2002" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Dvorak" title="John C. Dvorak">Dvorak, John C.</a> (April 16, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110806041207/https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,33326,00.asp">"Missing Links"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1759,33326,00.asp">the original</a> on August 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Missing+Links&rft.date=2002-04-16&rft.aulast=Dvorak&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C1759%2C33326%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:WhatamIdoing/Sandbox_3&oldid=1136368242">"User:WhatamIdoing/Sandbox 3"</a>. <i>Wikipedia</i> (English ed.). January 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=User%3AWhatamIdoing%2FSandbox+3&rft.date=2023-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DUser%3AWhatamIdoing%2FSandbox_3%26oldid%3D1136368242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/button.html">"Codex: Wikimedia Design System"</a>. <i>Doc.Wikimedia.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>. 2024. "Components: Button" section.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doc.Wikimedia.org&rft.atitle=Codex%3A+Wikimedia+Design+System&rft.pages=%22Components%3A+Button%22+section&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoc.wikimedia.org%2Fcodex%2Flatest%2Fcomponents%2Fdemos%2Fbutton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://design.wikimedia.org/style-guide/components/links.html">The Wikimedia Design Style Guide (Links)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilversKreiner1997" class="citation journal cs1">Silvers, V. L.; Kreiner, D. S. (1997). "The Effects of Pre-existing Inappropriate Highlighting on Reading Comprehension". <i>Reading Research and Instruction</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 217–223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19388079709558240">10.1080/19388079709558240</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Academic_Search_ID" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Academic Search ID">MASID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/3889799">3889799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Research+and+Instruction&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Pre-existing+Inappropriate+Highlighting+on+Reading+Comprehension&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-223&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19388079709558240&rft.aulast=Silvers&rft.aufirst=V.+L.&rft.au=Kreiner%2C+D.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FLinking" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seoreviewtools.com/internal-link-analyzer/">Internal link analyzer</a> for automatic detection of <a href="#Overlinking">redundant links</a> in Wikipedia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. image placement" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking&oldid=1258837348">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking&oldid=1258837348</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="TheThomanski" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1732227593"> <span>Last edited on 21 November 2024, at 22:19</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Styl/Skakels" title="Wikipedia:Styl/Skakels – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Styl/Skakels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8/%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/وصلات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:دليل الأسلوب/وصلات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Stil_kitab%C3%A7as%C4%B1/Daxili_ke%C3%A7idl%C9%99r" title="Vikipediya:Stil kitabçası/Daxili keçidlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Stil kitabçası/Daxili keçidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:সংযোগ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:সংযোগ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Википедия:Эске һылтанмалар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Википедия:Эске һылтанмалар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вікіпедыя:Унутраныя спасылкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Унутраныя спасылкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Вътрешни препратки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Вътрешни препратки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llibre_d%27estil/Enlla%C3%A7os" title="Viquipèdia:Llibre d'estil/Enllaços – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Viquipèdia:Llibre d'estil/Enllaços" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verlinken" title="Wikipedia:Verlinken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wikipedia:Verlinken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%87%DB%8C" title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/پیونددهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه‌نامه/پیونددهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ներքին հղումներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Ներքին հղումներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_gaya/Bangun_jaringan_halaman" title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Bangun jaringan halaman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Bangun jaringan halaman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:Vidin%C4%97s_nuorodos" title="Vikipedija:Vidinės nuorodos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Vidinės nuorodos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/لينكات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/لينكات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_gaya_penulisan/Pautan" title="Wikipedia:Manual gaya penulisan/Pautan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Manual gaya penulisan/Pautan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Википедиа:Цахим холбоос – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Википедиа:Цахим холбоос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkomanie" title="Wikipedia:Linkomanie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Linkomanie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AA%E3%81%90" title="Wikipedia:記事どうしをつなぐ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:記事どうしをつなぐ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%88%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%80/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଲିଖନଶୈଳୀ/ଲିଙ୍କ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:ଲିଖନଶୈଳୀ/ଲିଙ୍କ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Ichki_havolalar" title="Vikipediya:Ichki havolalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikipediya:Ichki havolalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Ligações – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Ligações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Википедия:Внутренние ссылки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Внутренние ссылки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D:%D0%98%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Бикипиэдьийэ:Ис сигэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Бикипиэдьийэ:Ис сигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B3%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණයේ අත්පොත/බැඳීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:රචනාකරණයේ අත්පොත/බැඳීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%99%D9%88/%DA%B3%D9%86%DA%8D%DA%BB" title="وڪيپيڊيا:نمونو جو ڪتابڙو/ڳنڍڻ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:نمونو جو ڪتابڙو/ڳنڍڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Slogovni_priro%C4%8Dnik/Povezovanje" title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Povezovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Slogovni priročnik/Povezovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز/بەستەردان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:شێواز/بەستەردان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Linkit" title="Ohje:Linkit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Linkit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="วิกิพีเดีย:คู่มือการเขียน/การสร้างลิงก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:คู่มือการเขียน/การสร้างลิงก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Bi%C3%A7em_el_kitab%C4%B1/Ba%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar" title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Bağlantılar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Biçem el kitabı/Bağlantılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вікіпедія:Стиль/Посилання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Стиль/Посилання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:C%E1%BA%A9m_nang_bi%C3%AAn_so%E1%BA%A1n/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Wikipedia:Cẩm nang biên soạn/Liên kết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Cẩm nang biên soạn/Liên kết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:格式手册/链接" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 22:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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