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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Net metering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Net_metering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entities_exempted_for_electricity-usage_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entities_exempted_for_electricity-usage_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Entities exempted for electricity-usage charges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entities_exempted_for_electricity-usage_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_Notes" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Electricity sector of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png/400px-Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png/600px-Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png/800px-Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka.png 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="559" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Charts showing the available grid capacity by source (left) and the annual generation by source (right).<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCEB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCEB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBSL2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSL2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CBSL2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSL2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed capacity (2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">4,086 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production (2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">14,671 <a href="/wiki/GWh" class="mw-redirect" title="GWh">GWh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>electricity sector in Sri Lanka</b> has a <a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">national grid</a> which is primarily powered by <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">thermal power</a>, with sources such as <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">photovoltaics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> in early stages of deployment. Although potential sites are being identified, other power sources such as <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power" title="Geothermal power">geothermal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_thermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar thermal">solar thermal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wave_power" title="Wave power">wave power</a> are not used in the power generation process for the national grid.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCEB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCEB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country is expected to achieve 75% <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">electricity generation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-undp.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undp.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tramway1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tramway1899.jpg/220px-Tramway1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tramway1899.jpg/330px-Tramway1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tramway1899.jpg/440px-Tramway1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> of Colombo Electric Tramways in 1899, showing British people, Arab traders, and locals.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) first witnessed electricity in 1882 when <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Helios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Helios (page does not exist)">SS Helios</a> docked in Colombo for a local electricity exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-CEB-HistoryofElectricityinSrilanka_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEB-HistoryofElectricityinSrilanka-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1890, using a <a href="/wiki/Diesel_generator" title="Diesel generator">diesel generator</a> the first <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">electric bulb</a> in Ceylon was lit with electricity in the Billiard Room of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bristol_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bristol Building (page does not exist)">Bristol Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, before electric lights became an established commercial product.<sup id="cite_ref-CEB-HistoryofElectricityinSrilanka_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEB-HistoryofElectricityinSrilanka-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1895, Messrs Boustead Bros established a small power station in Bristol Building, <a href="/wiki/Fort_(Colombo)" title="Fort (Colombo)">Fort</a>. The power station was the first commercial power station in the country, serving a few mercantile offices, government buildings, and streets, in the Fort area. The company established <i>Electricity Ordinance No. 5</i>, the first Act pertaining to the supply of electricity in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-CEB-49thAnniversary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEB-49thAnniversary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years later in 1899, <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Planters_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Planters Company (page does not exist)">United Planters Company</a> established the Colombo Electric Tramways, the first <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> system in the country. In 1902, <a href="/wiki/Colombo_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombo Electric Tramways and Lighting">Colombo Electric Tramways and Lighting Co. Ltd.</a> was formed, and the <a href="/wiki/Pettah_Power_Station" title="Pettah Power Station">Pettah Power Station</a> was established on Gas Works Street. </p><p>The Pettah Power Station served the tram network, and also served mostly mercantile offices, government buildings, and streets. Over the next three years, the electricity supply was extended to <a href="/wiki/Galle_Face" class="mw-redirect" title="Galle Face">Galle Face</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kollupitiya" title="Kollupitiya">Kollupitiya</a>, serving several houses. </p><p>In 1905, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombo_Gas_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colombo Gas Company (page does not exist)">Colombo Gas Company</a> established a power station in <a href="/wiki/Kandy" title="Kandy">Kandy</a>, which was eventually taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Kandy_Municipal_Council" title="Kandy Municipal Council">Kandy Municipal Council</a> in 1922. In 1906, <i>Electricity Ordinance No. 36</i> was passed as an amendment to <i>Electricity Ordinance No. 5</i>. </p><p>In 1912, the government commissioned a small hydroelectric power station at <a href="/wiki/Black_Pool" title="Black Pool">Black Pool</a>, and inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" title="Nuwara Eliya">Nuwara Eliya</a> Electricity Scheme. In 1918, <a href="/wiki/D._J._Wimalasurendra" title="D. J. Wimalasurendra">D. J. Wimalasurendra</a>, submitted a report to the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_Association_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering Association of Ceylon">Engineering Association of Ceylon</a>, outlining the economic viability of <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a> in Ceylon. </p><p>From 1920, local authorities in at least <a href="/wiki/Gampaha" title="Gampaha">Gampaha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veyangoda_railway_station" title="Veyangoda railway station">Veyangoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ja-Ela" title="Ja-Ela">Ja-Ela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peliyagoda" title="Peliyagoda">Peliyagoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochchikade_South_Grama_Niladhari_Division" title="Kochchikade South Grama Niladhari Division">Kochchikade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avissawella" title="Avissawella">Avissawella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minuwangoda" title="Minuwangoda">Minuwangoda</a> started supplying electricity locally from <a href="/wiki/Diesel_generator" title="Diesel generator">diesel generators</a>. </p><p>In 1927, the Department of Government Electrical Undertakings (DGEU) was established to take over and run the electricity supply business in Colombo, and extend the supply to other areas, and eventually the entire country. The three-<a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">megawatt</a> Stanley Power Station - named after <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Stanley" title="Herbert Stanley">Herbert Stanley</a>, was commissioned in 1929, supplying 16 towns by the end of the year. </p><p>In 1935, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_Ceylon" title="State Council of Ceylon">State Council of Ceylon</a> passed <i>Electricity Board Establishment Ordinance No. 38 of 1935</i>, only to be dissolved again 1937 with the re-establishment of the DGEU. </p><p>Sri Lankan <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Sri Lanka">gained independence</a> on 4 February 1948. </p><p>On 30 October 1950, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Laxapana_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Laxapana Power Station">Old Laxapana Power Station</a> was finally completed, after being under development since 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, regional offices were opened in <a href="/wiki/Norton_Bridge,_Sri_Lanka" title="Norton Bridge, Sri Lanka">Norton Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya" title="Nuwara Eliya">Nuwara Eliya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diyatalawa" title="Diyatalawa">Diyathalawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panadura" title="Panadura">Panadura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negombo" title="Negombo">Negombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avissawella" title="Avissawella">Avissawella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peradeniya" title="Peradeniya">Peradeniya</a>, to decentralise the electricity works. The following year, electricity was purchased from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kankesanthurai_Cement_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kankesanthurai Cement Factory (page does not exist)">Kankesanthurai Cement Factory</a> from distribution in <a href="/wiki/Jaffna" title="Jaffna">Jaffna</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="why was it purchased from the cement factory? (June 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 1 November 1969, the current <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a> (CEB) was established under <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Parliament of Sri Lanka">Parliament</a> Act No. 17 of 1969. To this day, the CEB oversees the development and coordination of the generation, supply, and distribution of electricity in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-CEB-HistoricalDataBook_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEB-HistoricalDataBook-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_generation">Power generation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Power generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright" style="width:400px;max-width:1308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the Victoria Dam and Reservoir, the largest hydroelectric facility in Sri Lanka."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg/1300px-VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="1300" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg/1950px-VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg/2600px-VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg" title="File:VictoriaDam-SriLanka-April2011-4.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)">Victoria Dam</a> and Reservoir, the largest hydroelectric facility in Sri Lanka.</div></div></div> <p>Electricity in Sri Lanka is generated using three primary sources — <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">thermal power</a> (which includes energy from biomass, coal, and fuel-oil), <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro power</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">small hydro</a>), and other <a href="/wiki/Non-conventional_renewable_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-conventional renewable energy">non-conventional renewable energy</a> sources (<a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>): </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="900px"> <caption>Installed generation capacity by year (in megawatts) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Source </th> <th scope="col">2005 </th> <th scope="col">2006 </th> <th scope="col">2007 </th> <th scope="col">2008 </th> <th scope="col">2009 </th> <th scope="col">2010 </th> <th scope="col">2011 </th> <th scope="col">2012 </th> <th scope="col">2013 </th> <th scope="col">2014 </th> <th scope="col">2015 </th> <th scope="col">2016 </th> <th scope="col">2017 </th> <th scope="col">2018 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Blue;">Hydropower</span> </th> <td>1,293</td> <td>1,316</td> <td>1,326</td> <td>1,357</td> <td>1,379</td> <td>1,382</td> <td>1,401</td> <td>1,584</td> <td>1,628</td> <td>1,665</td> <td>1,684</td> <td>1,726</td> <td>1,745</td> <td>1,793 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Orange;">Fuel oil</span> </th> <td>1,115</td> <td>1,115</td> <td>1,115</td> <td>1,285</td> <td>1,290</td> <td>1,390</td> <td>1,390</td> <td>1,338</td> <td>1,335</td> <td>1,215</td> <td>1,115</td> <td>1,215</td> <td>1,233</td> <td>1,137 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Brown;">Coal</span> </th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>300</td> <td>300</td> <td>300</td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>900</td> <td>900 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Green;">Other renewables</span> </th> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>15</td> <td>45</td> <td>50</td> <td>90</td> <td>99</td> <td>152</td> <td>148</td> <td>176</td> <td>208</td> <td>216 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><b>Total capacity</b> </th> <td><b>2,411</b></td> <td><b>2,434</b></td> <td><b>2,444</b></td> <td><b>2,645</b></td> <td><b>2,684</b></td> <td><b>2,817</b></td> <td><b>3,141</b></td> <td><b>3,312</b></td> <td><b>3,362</b></td> <td><b>3,932</b></td> <td><b>3,847</b></td> <td><b>4,017</b></td> <td><b>4,086</b></td> <td><b>4,046</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" width="900px"> <caption>Annual generation by year (in gigawatt-hours) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Source </th> <th scope="col">2005 </th> <th scope="col">2006 </th> <th scope="col">2007 </th> <th scope="col">2008 </th> <th scope="col">2009 </th> <th scope="col">2010 </th> <th scope="col">2011 </th> <th scope="col">2012 </th> <th scope="col">2013 </th> <th scope="col">2014 </th> <th scope="col">2015 </th> <th scope="col">2016 </th> <th scope="col">2017 </th> <th scope="col">2018 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Blue;">Hydropower</span> </th> <td>3,453</td> <td>4,636</td> <td>3,948</td> <td>4,135</td> <td>3,905</td> <td>5,634</td> <td>4,622</td> <td>3,292</td> <td>6,926</td> <td>4,534</td> <td>5,969</td> <td>4,220</td> <td>4,004</td> <td>6,381 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Orange;">Fuel oil</span> </th> <td>5,314</td> <td>4,751</td> <td>5,865</td> <td>5,763</td> <td>5,975</td> <td>4,994</td> <td>5,748</td> <td>6,935</td> <td>3,303</td> <td>4,306</td> <td>2,275</td> <td>4,461</td> <td>5,045</td> <td>3,626 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Brown;">Coal</span> </th> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>1,038</td> <td>1,404</td> <td>1,469</td> <td>3,202</td> <td>4,443</td> <td>5,047</td> <td>5,103</td> <td>4,764 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span style="color:Green;">Other renewables</span> </th> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>27</td> <td>86</td> <td>121</td> <td>171</td> <td>262</td> <td>315</td> <td>402</td> <td>421</td> <td>519</td> <td>511 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><b>Total generation</b> </th> <td><b>8,769</b></td> <td><b>9,389</b></td> <td><b>9,815</b></td> <td><b>9,901</b></td> <td><b>9,907</b></td> <td><b>10,714</b></td> <td><b>11,529</b></td> <td><b>11,802</b></td> <td><b>11,960</b></td> <td><b>12,357</b></td> <td><b>13,089</b></td> <td><b>14,149</b></td> <td><b>14,671</b></td> <td><b>15,282</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hydroelectricity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hydroelectricity is the oldest and historically the principal source of electricity generation in Sri Lanka, holding a share of 48% of the total available grid capacity in December 2013 and 58% of the power generated in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-CEBSD2013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEBSD2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title=" (June 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> Hydroelectric power generation has been constantly under development since the introduction of the national grid itself, but its market share is declining because suitable new sites are scarce. Currently, ten large hydroelectric power stations are in operation, with the single largest hydroelectric source being the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)">Victoria Dam</a>. Although a large portion of the country's hydroelectric resources is tapped, the government continues to issue <a href="/wiki/Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">small hydro</a> development permits to the private sector, for projects up to a total installed capacity of <span class="nowrap">10 MW</span> per project.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HydroelectricitySrilanka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HydroelectricitySrilanka.png/990px-HydroelectricitySrilanka.png" decoding="async" width="990" height="727" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HydroelectricitySrilanka.png/1485px-HydroelectricitySrilanka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/HydroelectricitySrilanka.png/1980px-HydroelectricitySrilanka.png 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption>The two hydroelectric complexes of Sri Lanka.</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>State-run hydroelectric developments are categorized into three main geographic sectors. </p> <ul><li>Laxapana Complex consists of six main <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> with related power stations — <a href="/wiki/Broadlands_Dam" title="Broadlands Dam">Broadlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canyon_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Canyon Dam (Sri Lanka)">Canyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castlereigh_Dam" title="Castlereigh Dam">Castlereigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laxapana_Dam" title="Laxapana Dam">Laxapana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maskeliya_Dam" title="Maskeliya Dam">Maskeliya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norton_Dam" title="Norton Dam">Norton</a> dams.</li> <li>Mahaweli Complex consists of eight dams and related power stations: <a href="/wiki/Bowatenna_Dam" title="Bowatenna Dam">Bowatenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotmale_Dam" title="Kotmale Dam">Kotmale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moragahakanda_Dam" title="Moragahakanda Dam">Moragahakanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polgolla_Barrage" title="Polgolla Barrage">Polgolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randenigala_Dam" title="Randenigala Dam">Randenigala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rantembe_Dam" title="Rantembe Dam">Rantembe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Kotmale_Dam" title="Upper Kotmale Dam">Upper Kotmale</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)">Victoria</a> dams.</li> <li>Samanala Complex consists of the <a href="/wiki/Gal_Oya_Dam" title="Gal Oya Dam">Gal Oya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kukule_Ganga_Dam" title="Kukule Ganga Dam">Kukule Ganga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samanala_Dam" title="Samanala Dam">Samanala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Udawalawe_Dam" title="Udawalawe Dam">Udawalawe</a> dams.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thermal_power">Thermal power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thermal power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG/220px-Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG/330px-Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG/440px-Lakvijaya-December2012-3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>900 MW Lakvijaya Power Station</figcaption></figure> <p>Thermal power stations in Sri Lanka now roughly match the installed hydroelectric generation capacity, with a share of nearly 49% of the available capacity in December 2013 and 40% of power generated in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-CEBSD2013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEBSD2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">Thermal power stations</a> in Sri Lanka runs on <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naptha" class="mw-redirect" title="Naptha">naptha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CEBSD2013_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEBSD2013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Norocholai_Coal_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Norocholai Coal Power Station">Norocholai Coal Power Station</a>, the only coal-fired power station in the country, was commissioned in late 2011, adding a further <span class="nowrap">300 megawatts</span> of electrical capacity to the grid. It is currently planned to add an additional <span class="nowrap">600 MW</span> of capacity to Norocholai in the next half decade. The second and final coal power station,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Sampur_Coal_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampur Coal Power Station">Sampur Coal Power Station</a>, is under consideration in <a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a> and is expected to be in-service by the end of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 September 2016 the Attorney General's Department informed the Supreme Court that the Sampur Coal fired plant has been cancelled and will not be built.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg/320px-AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg/480px-AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg/640px-AitkenSpenceWindPower-Ambewela-September2012-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbines" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind turbines">Turbines</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ambewela_Aitken_Spence_Wind_Farm" title="Ambewela Aitken Spence Wind Farm">Ambewela Aitken Spence Wind Farm</a>, the first multi-megawatt <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Province, Sri Lanka">Central Province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The use of wind energy was seen in the country even before 500 BC. The ancient <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> used the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon winds</a> to power furnaces as early as 300 BC, making Sri Lanka one of the first countries in the world to use <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>. Evidence of this has been found in <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a> and in other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of modern <a href="/wiki/Wind_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind farms">wind farms</a> was considered by local and international developers for many years. Such developments were largely hampered due to the many obstacles faced in such developments in economics and infrastructure. The first commercial grid-connected wind farm is the <span class="nowrap">3 MW</span> <a href="/wiki/Hambantota_Wind_Farm" title="Hambantota Wind Farm">Hambantota Wind Farm</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/Hambantota" title="Hambantota">Hambantota</a>. The country has good off-shore wind potential to meet all its electricity requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike other power sources, power developments from this source would face many challenges during its development timeline. Poor accessibility to potential sites is the first obstacle in the development of a <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farm</a>. Most key transport routes around the country are too narrow or have turned too tight for transportation of turbines larger than <span class="nowrap">600 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">KW</a></span>. Constructing wind farms with <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">turbines</a> smaller than the current commercial-scale megawatt-class turbines would prove to be uneconomical due to the high cost incurred during development. </p><p>The country is also in a long battle against its poor <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">power grid</a>. The grid, apart from being unstable in most <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Provinces of Sri Lanka">provinces</a>, is only capable of handling a small increase in load, typically limited to a few megawatts. Provinces with poor grids, such as the power grids in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="Northern Province, Sri Lanka">Northern</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="North Central Province, Sri Lanka">North Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Western_Province,_Sri_Lanka" title="North Western Province, Sri Lanka">North Western</a> provinces need a complete upgrade to support further commercial-scale developments. This factor contributes to a large percentage in development costs for <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farms</a> constructed at such locations. The government policy limit of <span class="nowrap">10 MW</span> per wind project also significantly decreases economies of scale, further straining such developments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_status">Current status</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Despite the many technical obstacles, a few developments totalling <span class="nowrap">50 MW</span> have been proposed till September 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2009, cases were filed over political interference connected with the approving of wind projects, leading to a complete halt in the wind power industry in Sri Lanka.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_and_Energy" title="Ministry of Power and Energy">Ministry</a> made allegations of wrongdoing in allocating energy licences, including the structuring of the wind power tariff.<sup id="cite_ref-ST_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ST-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also allegations that energy licenses are being sold, similar to how car licenses have been sold.<sup id="cite_ref-ST_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ST-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From December 2009 to March 2010, permits for another <span class="nowrap">50 MW</span> of projects were issued by the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Sustainable_Energy_Authority" title="Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority">Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority</a>, before concerns relating to the issuing of permits were raised again,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to another deadlock in the industry. As of June 2010, issuing of permits for the development of private wind farms were stopped. </p><p>In July 2010, engineers at the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a> raised further concerns regarding the approval of private wind projects with extra high tariffs, presumably some of the highest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A review of the wind power tariff was expected to be carried out on 12 September 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after an agreed postponement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solar_power">Solar power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solar power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png/120px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png/180px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png/240px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-Sri-Lanka-en.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Insolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolation">Solar potential</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2017, Sri Lanka has more than 100 MW in installed capacity for solar power and intends to be able to generate 1 GW installed capacity by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grid-connected solar power has only recently been introduced. The only operational commercial-scale solar-powered facility is the <a href="/wiki/Buruthakanda_Solar_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Buruthakanda Solar Park">Buruthakanda Solar Park</a> of <span class="nowrap">1.2 MW</span>, operated by the Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SLSEA).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy, Ceylon Electricity Board, and the SLSEA, the country is implementing an accelerated solar rooftop program called Soorya Bala Sangramaya (Battle for Solar Energy). The program was launched on 6 September 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geothermal_power">Geothermal power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geothermal power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Geothermal power is under research, although no power stations of this type are operational.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_power">Nuclear power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nuclear power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">CEB</a> has included a 600 MWe nuclear power plant as an option in its plans for 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Power_transmission">Power transmission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Power transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transmission_network">Transmission network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Transmission network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_(1)-page-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg/220px-15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg/330px-15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg/440px-15561814702018-MAP_as_at_Dec_18_Model_%281%29-page-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1754" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption> Sri Lanka transmission system</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sri Lankan electric transmission network consists principally of 132 kV facilities, with a 220 kV backbone connecting major inland hydroelectric generation to the capital region. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Overhead Transmission Lines </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Line</th> <th scope="col">No. of Ground Wires</th> <th scope="col">No. of circuits</th> <th scope="col">Nominal Voltage </th></tr> <tr> <td>Biyagama-Pannipitiya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotmale_Biyagama_transmission_line" title="Kotmale Biyagama transmission line">Biyagama-Kotmale</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelanitissa-Biyagama</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norochcholai-Biyagama</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norochcholai-New Anuradhapura</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kotmale-New Anuradhapura</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kotmale-Rantambe</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>220kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kolonnawa-Athurugiriya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pannipitiya-Ratmalana</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kothmale-Kiribathkumbura</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kiribathkumbura-Ukuwela</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kiribathkumbura-Kurunagala</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Puttalam-Madampa</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukuwela-Bowatanna</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukuwela-Naula</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Naula-Habarana</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Habarana-Old Anuradhapura</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Old Anuradhapura-Puttalam</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Laxapana-Bogawanthalawa Estate</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Anuradhapura-Vavuni</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Embilipitiya-Thimbolketiya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Laxapana-Canyon PS</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Old Laxapana-Polpitiya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kotmale-Polpitiya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nuwara Eliya-Badulla</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Old Laxapana-Nuwara Eliya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Badulla-Medagama</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polpitiya-Seethawake</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seethawake-Kosgama</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Athurugiriya-Thulhiriya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Embilipitiya-Hambantota</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balangoda-Samanalawewa</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balangoda-Rathnapura</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Balangoda-Deniyaya</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Matara-Embilipitiya</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> <tr> <td>Habarana-Valachchenai</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>132kV </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_–_Sri_Lanka_grid_interconnection"><span id="India_.E2.80.93_Sri_Lanka_grid_interconnection"></span>India – Sri Lanka grid interconnection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: India – Sri Lanka grid interconnection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/India_%E2%80%93_Sri_Lanka_HVDC_Interconnection" class="mw-redirect" title="India – Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection">India – Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection</a></div> <p>The proposed connection involves the linking of the <a href="/wiki/Power_grid" class="mw-redirect" title="Power grid">national grids</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> via <a href="/wiki/Rameshwaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Rameshwaram">Rameshwaram</a> in south India and <a href="/wiki/Talaimannar" title="Talaimannar">Talaimannar</a> in north-west Sri Lanka. The project involves the construction of a <a href="/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current" title="High-voltage direct current">HVDC</a> connection between <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a> in southern India and <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura" title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a> in central Sri Lanka, through the <a href="/wiki/Palk_Strait" title="Palk Strait">Palk Strait</a>. The link would measure approximately 285 kilometres (177 mi) in length, including 50 kilometres (31 mi) of submarine cables, and would take more than three years to construct. It would be implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Grid Corporation of India Limited">Power Grid Corporation of India Limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rtt_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtt-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Sri Lanka has good solar PV and offshore wind power potential, surplus renewable power generated in Sri Lanka can be exported to India in future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electricity_use">Electricity use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Electricity use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End-user_power_tariffs">End-user power tariffs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: End-user power tariffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monthly end-user electricity tariffs are: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin: auto;"> <caption>Electricity tariffs as at 19 February 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">User</th> <th>Class</th> <th><span class="nowrap">Units (<a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">kWh</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Time-of-use" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-of-use">Time-of-use</a></span></th> <th>Tariff <br /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Rs.</a>/kWh)</span></th> <th><span class="nowrap">Fixed charge</span><br /><span class="nowrap">(Rs./month)</span></th> <th><span class="nowrap">Max. demand charge</span><br /><span class="nowrap">(Rs./<a href="/wiki/Kilovolt-ampere" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilovolt-ampere">kVA</a>)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10">Domestic</td> <td rowspan="10">D-1</td> <td rowspan="2">≤60 kWh per month</td> <td align="left">000-030</td> <td>2.50</td> <td>30.00</td> <td rowspan="7">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">031-060</td> <td>4.85</td> <td>60.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">≥60 kWh per month</td> <td align="left">000-060</td> <td>7.85</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">061-090</td> <td>10.00</td> <td>90.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">091-120</td> <td>27.75</td> <td rowspan="2">480.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">121-180</td> <td>32.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">≥181</td> <td>45.00</td> <td>540.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Time-of-use (optional)</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>25.00</td> <td rowspan="3">540.00</td> <td rowspan="3">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>54.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>13.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">Religious</td> <td rowspan="5">R-1</td> <td rowspan="5">≤42kVA at 400/230<a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">V</a></td> <td align="left">000-030</td> <td>1.90</td> <td>30.00</td> <td rowspan="5">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">031-090</td> <td>2.80</td> <td>60.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">091-120</td> <td>6.75</td> <td rowspan="2">180.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">121-180</td> <td>7.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">≥181</td> <td>9.40</td> <td>240.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11">Industry</td> <td rowspan="5">I-1</td> <td rowspan="2">≤42 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">≤300</td> <td>10.80</td> <td rowspan="2">600.00</td> <td rowspan="2">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">≥301</td> <td>12.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">≤42 kVA at 400/230 V<br />(Time-of-use - optional)</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>11.00</td> <td rowspan="3">300.00</td> <td rowspan="3">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>20.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>6.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">I-2</td> <td rowspan="3">≥43 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>11.00</td> <td rowspan="6">3,000.00</td> <td rowspan="3">1,100.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>20.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>6.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">I-3</td> <td rowspan="3">≥11,000 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>10.25</td> <td rowspan="3">1,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>23.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>5.90 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7">Hotel</td> <td>H-1</td> <td>≤42 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">∞</td> <td>21.50</td> <td>600.00</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">H-2</td> <td rowspan="3">≥43 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>14.65</td> <td rowspan="3">3,000.00</td> <td rowspan="3">1,100.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>23.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>9.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">H-3</td> <td rowspan="3">≥11,000 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>13.70</td> <td rowspan="3">3,000.00</td> <td rowspan="3">1,100.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>22.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>8.80 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Government</td> <td>GV-1</td> <td>≤42kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">∞</td> <td>14.65</td> <td>600.00</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>GV-2</td> <td>≥42kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">∞</td> <td>14.55</td> <td>3,000.00</td> <td>1,100.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>GV-3</td> <td>≥11,000 V</td> <td align="left">∞</td> <td>14.35</td> <td>3,000.00</td> <td>1,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">CEB</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">EV</a><br />charging stations</td> <td rowspan="6">EV</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> Fast Charging</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>50.00</td> <td rowspan="6">N/A</td> <td rowspan="6">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>70.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>30.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> Charging</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>30.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>55.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>20.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Street lighting</td> <td rowspan="2">SL</td> <td>Public use</td> <td rowspan="2" align="left">∞</td> <td rowspan="2">17.00</td> <td rowspan="2">N/A</td> <td rowspan="2">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Private use </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">General<br /><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2">G-1</td> <td rowspan="2">≤42 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">≤300</td> <td>18.30</td> <td rowspan="2">240.00</td> <td rowspan="2">N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">≥301</td> <td>22.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">G-2</td> <td rowspan="3">≥42 kVA at 400/230 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>21.80</td> <td rowspan="3">3,000.00</td> <td rowspan="3">1,100.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>26.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>15.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">G-3</td> <td rowspan="3">≥11,000 V</td> <td align="left">Day (05:30-18:30)</td> <td>20.70</td> <td rowspan="3">3,000.00</td> <td rowspan="3">1,000.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Peak (18:30-22:30)</td> <td>25.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Off-peak (22:30-05:30)</td> <td>14.35 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Net_metering">Net metering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Net metering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_and_Energy" title="Ministry of Power and Energy">Ministry of Power and Energy</a>, with the Lanka Electricity Company and the <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">net metering</a>, where consumers could generate their own power from renewable sources and credit excess production back to the power utility.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the power utility will not pay back in monetary values irrespective of how much credit a household generates, it allows the transferring of this credit between households.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first solar power facility intended for net metering was commissioned in July 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entities_exempted_for_electricity-usage_charges">Entities exempted for electricity-usage charges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Entities exempted for electricity-usage charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per Section 21-2 of the <i>Sri Lanka Electricity Act No. 20 of 2009</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ElectrictyAct_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElectrictyAct-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <span class="nowrap">Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka</span> has granted the following entities exemptions in electricity usage: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>Entities exempted for electricity-usage charges as of 20 June 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Exemption No.</th> <th>Person/Entity</th> <th>Premises</th> <th>Gazette No. & Date </th></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/11/001</td> <td>MAS Fabric Park (Private) Limited</td> <td>MAS Fabric Park, Kurunegala Road, Thulhiriya</td> <td rowspan="3">Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1725/14 28 September 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/11/002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Realty" title="Overseas Realty">Overseas Realty (Ceylon) PLC</a></td> <td>World Trade Centre, Echelon Square, Colombo 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/11/003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havelock_City" title="Havelock City">Mireka Capital Land (Private) Limited</a></td> <td>324, Havelock Road, Colombo 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_Grand_Colombo" title="Cinnamon Grand Colombo">Asian Hotels and Properties PLC</a></td> <td>No. 89, Galle Road, Colombo 3</td> <td rowspan="5">General Gazette – No. 1744, 3 February 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/002</td> <td>BOC Property Development & Management (Private) Limited</td> <td>BOC Merchant Tower, 28, St. Michael's Road, Colombo 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/003</td> <td>Millenium Development (Private) Limited</td> <td>Excel World Entertainment Park, 338, T B Jayah Mawatha, Colombo – 10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/004</td> <td>Property Finance and Investments Kandy (Private) Limited</td> <td>Kandy City Centre, 05, Dalada Vidiya, Kandy </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/005</td> <td>Whittall Boustead (Private) Limited</td> <td>148, Vauxhall Street, Colombo 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/006</td> <td>Ceylon Carriers (Private) Limited</td> <td>104, Nawala Road, Narahenpita, Colombo 5</td> <td>Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1749/8, 12 March 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/007</td> <td>JayKay Marketing Services (Private) Limited</td> <td>K-Zone Shopping Mall, 340, Galle Road, Moratuwa</td> <td rowspan="4">Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1757/19, 11 May 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/008</td> <td>Platinum Realty Investments (Private) Limited</td> <td>01, Bagatale Road, Colombo 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/009</td> <td>Union Residencies (Private) Limited</td> <td>No. 200, Union Place, Colombo 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-D/12/010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pelwatte_Sugar_Industries" title="Pelwatte Sugar Industries">Pelwatte Sugar Industries PLC</a></td> <td>Pelwatte Sugar Industries Buttala </td></tr> <tr> <td>EL/EX-G/12/001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Cement" title="Tokyo Cement">Tokyo Cement Power (Lanka) Limited</a></td> <td>10 MW Biomass Power Plant, Cod Bay, China Bay, Trincomalee</td> <td>Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1759/31, 23 May 2012 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of power stations in Sri Lanka">List of power stations in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy by country">Renewable energy by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Electricity_Act_2024" title="Sri Lanka Electricity Act 2024">Sri Lanka Electricity Act 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_electricity_crisis" title="2019 Sri Lanka electricity crisis">2019 Sri Lanka electricity crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_Notes">References and Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References and Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shops, offices, banks, warehouses, public buildings, hospitals, educational establishments, places of entertainment, and other premises not covered under any other tariffs.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-StatsCEB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatsCEB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatsCEB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a 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id="cite_note-undp.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-undp.org_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201515/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/articles/2017/08/16/sri-lanka-on-path-to-100-renewable-energy-says-new-report-by-undp-and-adb.html">"Sri Lanka on path to 100% renewable energy says a new joint report by UNDP and ADB"</a>. <i>UNDP</i>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Electricity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Electricity in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electricity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Electricity in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electricity in Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electricity_in_Sri_Lanka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity in Sri Lanka">Electricity in Sri Lanka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sustainable<br />power stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Hydro power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Laxapana Complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadlands_Dam" title="Broadlands Dam">Broadlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Canyon Dam (Sri Lanka)">Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlereigh_Dam" title="Castlereigh Dam">Castlereigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxapana_Dam" title="Laxapana Dam">Laxapana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskeliya_Dam" title="Maskeliya Dam">Maskeliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Dam" title="Norton Dam">Norton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Mahaweli Complex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowatenna_Dam" title="Bowatenna Dam">Bowatenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deduru_Oya_Dam" title="Deduru Oya Dam">Deduru Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotmale_Dam" title="Kotmale Dam">Kotmale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moragahakanda_Dam" title="Moragahakanda Dam">Moragahakanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambe_Dam" title="Nilambe Dam">Nilambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polgolla_Barrage" title="Polgolla Barrage">Polgolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randenigala_Dam" title="Randenigala Dam">Randenigala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantembe_Dam" title="Rantembe Dam">Rantembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kotmale_Dam" title="Upper Kotmale Dam">Upper Kotmale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal_Oya_Dam" title="Gal Oya Dam">Gal Oya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukule_Ganga_Dam" title="Kukule Ganga Dam">Kukule Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanala_Dam" title="Samanala Dam">Samanala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udawalawe_Dam" title="Udawalawe Dam">Udawalawe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Solar power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hambantota_Solar_Power_Station" title="Hambantota Solar Power Station">Hambantota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laugfs_Solar_Power_Station" title="Laugfs Solar Power Station">Laugfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maduru_Oya_Solar_Power_Station" title="Maduru Oya Solar Power Station">Maduru Oya</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagasolar_Power_Station" title="Sagasolar Power Station">Sagasolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_One_Ceylon_Power_Station" title="Solar One Ceylon Power Station">Solar One Ceylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Wind power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambewela_Aitken_Spence_Wind_Farm" title="Ambewela Aitken Spence Wind Farm">Ambewela Aitken Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambantota_Wind_Farm" title="Hambantota Wind Farm">Hambantota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurankuliya_Wind_Farm" title="Madurankuliya Wind Farm">Madurankuliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampuri_Wind_Farms" title="Mampuri Wind Farms">Mampuri-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampuri_Wind_Farms" title="Mampuri Wind Farms">Mampuri-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampuri_Wind_Farms" title="Mampuri Wind Farms">Mampuri-III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar_Island_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannar Island Wind Farm">Mannar Island</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_Danavi_Wind_Farm" title="Nala Danavi Wind Farm">Nala Danavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmalapura_Wind_Farm" title="Nirmalapura Wind Farm">Nirmalapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawan_Danavi_Wind_Farm" title="Pawan Danavi Wind Farm">Pawan Danavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollupalai_and_Vallimunai_Wind_Farms" title="Pollupalai and Vallimunai Wind Farms">Pollupalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguwantivu_and_Vidatamunai_Wind_Farms" title="Seguwantivu and Vidatamunai Wind Farms">Seguwantivu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppudaluwa_Wind_Farm" title="Uppudaluwa Wind Farm">Uppudaluwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollupalai_and_Vallimunai_Wind_Farms" title="Pollupalai and Vallimunai Wind Farms">Vallimunai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seguwantivu_and_Vidatamunai_Wind_Farms" title="Seguwantivu and Vidatamunai Wind Farms">Vidatamunai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willwind_Wind_Farm" title="Willwind Wind Farm">Willwind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fossil-fuel<br />power stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Operational / UC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitken_Spence_Power_Station" title="Aitken Spence Power Station">Aitken Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Power_Sapugaskanda_Power_Station" title="Asia Power Sapugaskanda Power Station">Asia Power Sapugaskanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Port_Power_Station" title="Colombo Port Power Station">Colombo Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Embilipitiya_Power_Station" title="Ace Embilipitiya Power Station">Ace Embilipitiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCHT_Power_Station" title="KCHT Power Station">KCHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadiyana_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadiyana Power Station">Karadiyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelanitissa_Power_Station" title="Kelanitissa Power Station">Kelanitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakdhanavi_Power_Station" title="Lakdhanavi Power Station">Lakdhanavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakvijaya_Power_Station" title="Lakvijaya Power Station">Lakvijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Power_Station_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Northern Power Station (Sri Lanka)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampur_Power_Station" title="Sampur Power Station">Sampur</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapugaskanda_Power_Station" title="Sapugaskanda Power Station">Sapugaskanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojitz_Kelanitissa_Power_Station" title="Sojitz Kelanitissa Power Station">Sojitz Kelanitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthuru_Janani_Power_Station" title="Uthuru Janani Power Station">Uthuru Janani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugadanavi_Power_Station" title="Yugadanavi Power Station">Yugadanavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Decommissioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Horana_Power_Station" title="Ace Horana Power Station">Ace Horana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Matara_Power_Station" title="Ace Matara Power Station">Ace Matara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggreko_Power_Station" title="Aggreko Power Station">Aggreko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunnakam_Power_Station" title="Chunnakam Power Station">Chunnakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heladhanavi_Power_Station" title="Heladhanavi Power Station">Heladhanavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolair_Power_Station" title="Koolair Power Station">Koolair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettah_Power_Station" title="Pettah Power Station">Pettah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Ceylon Petroleum Corporation">Ceylon Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Electricity_Company" title="Lanka Electricity Company">Lanka Electricity Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_and_Energy" title="Ministry of Power and Energy">Ministry of Power and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utilities_Commission_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka">Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Sustainable_Energy_Authority" title="Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority">Sustainable Energy Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Electricity_Act_2024" title="Sri Lanka Electricity Act 2024">Sri Lanka Electricity Act 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_HVDC_Interconnection" title="India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection">India–Sri Lanka HVDC Interconnection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapugaskanda_Refinery" title="Sapugaskanda Refinery">Sapugaskanda Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hambantota_Refinery" title="Hambantota Refinery">Hambantota Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka">List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of power stations in Sri Lanka">List of power stations in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electricity_sector_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electricity_sector_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Electricity sector in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Armenia" title="Electricity sector in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bangladesh" title="Electricity sector in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Brunei" title="Electricity sector in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_China" title="Electricity sector in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Egypt" title="Electricity sector in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Iraq" title="Electricity sector in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Israel" title="Electricity sector in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Japan" title="Electricity sector in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Malaysia" title="Electricity sector in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Mongolia" title="Electricity sector in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_Philippines" title="Electricity sector in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Russia" title="Electricity sector in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Taiwan" title="Electricity sector in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electricity_sector_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electricity sector in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Hong_Kong" title="Electricity sector in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Macau" title="Electricity sector in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template talk:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_energy_topics_by_country_and_territory" title="List of renewable energy topics by country and territory">Renewable energy by country and territory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Renewable energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kenya" title="Renewable energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Morocco" title="Renewable energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Seychelles" title="Renewable energy in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_South_Africa" title="Renewable energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Renewable energy in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bhutan" title="Renewable energy in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brunei" title="Renewable energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India" title="Renewable energy in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nepal" title="Renewable energy in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Pakistan" title="Renewable energy in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Palestine" title="Renewable energy in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Renewable energy in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Taiwan" title="Renewable energy in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Austria" title="Renewable energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Renewable energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus#Renewable_energy" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark" title="Renewable energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Finland" title="Renewable energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_France" title="Renewable energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany" title="Renewable energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Greece" title="Renewable energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Hungary" title="Renewable energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Renewable energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Portugal" title="Renewable energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Armenia" title="Renewable energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Belarus" title="Renewable energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Norway" title="Renewable energy in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Russia" title="Renewable energy in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland#Renewable_energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ukraine" title="Renewable energy in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada" title="Renewable energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Costa_Rica" title="Renewable energy in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Honduras" title="Renewable energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Mexico" title="Renewable energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australia" title="Renewable energy in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Renewable energy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_French_Polynesia" title="Renewable energy in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Renewable energy in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Tuvalu" title="Renewable energy in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Chile" title="Renewable energy in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Colombia" title="Renewable energy in Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Renewable_energy_by_country" title="Category:Renewable energy by country">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template:Economy of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Template talk:Economy of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Sri Lanka"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Sri_Lanka&#124;link=Sri_Lanka_Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Economy of Sri Lanka">Economy of Sri Lanka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_listed_on_the_Colombo_Stock_Exchange" title="List of companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange">Listed on CSE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_Sri_Lanka_20_Index" title="S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index">S&P SL20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_public_corporations_by_market_capitalisation" title="List of Sri Lankan public corporations by market capitalisation">By market capitalisation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LMD_(magazine)#LMD_100" title="LMD (magazine)">LMD 100</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of largest companies in Sri Lanka">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government-owned_companies_of_Sri_Lanka" title="List of government-owned companies of Sri Lanka">Government-owned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Sri_Lanka" title="List of companies of Sri Lanka">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of hotels in Sri Lanka">List of hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency,<br />Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Central Bank of Sri Lanka">Central Bank of Sri Lanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Central_Bank_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka">Governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Sri_Lanka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Sri Lanka)">Ministry of Industry and Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utilities_Commission_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka">Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Banknotes of the Sri Lankan rupee">Banknotes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Taxation in Sri Lanka">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemileia_vastatrix#History" title="Hemileia vastatrix">Coffee rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahaweli_Development_programme" title="Mahaweli Development programme">Mahaweli Development programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis_(2019%E2%80%93present)" title="Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present)">Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Demographics of Sri Lanka">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Income_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Income in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Poverty in Sri Lanka">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pensions_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pensions in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Employees' Provident Fund (Sri Lanka)">EPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Trust_Fund" title="Employees' Trust Fund">ETF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Squatting in Sri Lanka">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unemployment_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unemployment in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promotion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Board of Investment of Sri Lanka">Board of Investment of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Ceylon Chamber of Commerce">Ceylon Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_tea" title="Ceylon tea">Ceylon tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Investment_Promotion" title="Ministry of Investment Promotion">Ministry of Investment Promotion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Agriculture in Sri Lanka">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnamon_production_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnamon production in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Cocoa production in Sri Lanka">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coconut production in Sri Lanka">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Coffee production in Sri Lanka">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Livestock in Sri Lanka">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rice production in Sri Lanka">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Rubber production in Sri Lanka">Rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_production_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar production in Sri Lanka">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tea production in Sri Lanka">Tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestry in Sri Lanka">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Sri Lanka">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gems_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Gems of Sri Lanka">Gems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphite_mining_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Graphite mining in Sri Lanka">Graphite</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparel_industry_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Apparel industry of Sri Lanka">Apparel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Beer in Sri Lanka">Beer</a></li> <li>Energy <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power in Sri Lanka">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar power in Sri Lanka">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Sri Lanka">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign trade of Sri Lanka">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telecommunications in Sri Lanka">Telecommunications</a></li> <li>Utilities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceylon_Electricity_Board" title="Ceylon Electricity Board">Ceylon Electricity Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Electricity_Company" title="Lanka Electricity Company">Lanka Electricity Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Water_Supply_and_Drainage_Board" title="National Water Supply and Drainage Board">Water Supply</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Banking in Sri Lanka">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of banks in Sri Lanka">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombo Stock Exchange">Colombo Stock Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_Sri_Lanka_20_Index" title="S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index">S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Share_Price_Index" title="All Share Price Index">All Share Price Index</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Healthcare in Sri Lanka">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Information technology in Sri Lanka">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Bankers_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Institute of Bankers of Sri Lanka">Institute of Bankers of Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_City_Colombo" title="Port City Colombo">Port City Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Interbank_Payment_System" title="Sri Lanka Interbank Payment System">Sri Lanka Interbank Payment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Tourism in Sri Lanka">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Transport in Sri Lanka">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SriLankan_Airlines" title="SriLankan Airlines">SriLankan Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of ports in Sri Lanka">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Railways" title="Sri Lanka Railways">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Expressways of Sri Lanka">Expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_A-Grade_highways_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of A-Grade highways in Sri Lanka">Highways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quaternary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Education in Sri Lanka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Mass media in Sri Lanka">Mass media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Radio in Sri Lanka">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Television in Sri Lanka">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Print_media_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Print media in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Print media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Sri_Lanka" title="List of newspapers in Sri Lanka">Newspapers</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Science and technology in Sri Lanka">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br />cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Free_Trade_Area" title="South Asian Free Trade Area">SAFTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Sri_Lanka" title="International rankings of Sri Lanka">International rankings</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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