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Academic work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mosler's_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mosler's_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mosler's law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mosler's_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Economic views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political campaigns</span> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">America economist (born 1949)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Warren Mosler</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg/220px-Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg/330px-Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Warren_Mosler_2012_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="538" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Mosler in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-09-18</span>) </span>September 18, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Connecticut" title="Manchester, Connecticut">Manchester, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut, Storrs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Field</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">Modern Monetary Theory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Macroeconomics" title="Macroeconomics">Macroeconomics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School or<br />tradition</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">Modern Monetary Theory</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Warren Mosler</b> (born September 18, 1949) is an American <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a> executive<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vice_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vice-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and entrepreneur. He is a co-founder of the Center for Full Employment And Price Stability at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri-Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Missouri-Kansas City">University of Missouri-Kansas City</a><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler Automotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mosler is a proponent and research financier<sup id="cite_ref-thenation_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian_economics" title="Post-Keynesian economics">post-Keynesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">Modern Monetary Theory</a>. He was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Honoris_Causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Honoris Causa">honorary doctorate</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_University_Switzerland" title="Franklin University Switzerland">Franklin University Switzerland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-virgin_islands_daily_news_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virgin_islands_daily_news-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2014 was appointed Visiting Professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergamo" title="University of Bergamo">University of Bergamo</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-archibald_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archibald-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mosler has run as an independent for multiple offices including: <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">United States president</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-president_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-president-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">delegate to Congress</a> three times,<sup id="cite_ref-viconsortium_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viconsortium-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lieutenant governor.<sup id="cite_ref-thesource_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesource-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thesource2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesource2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, he ran unsuccessfully for governor of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> as an independent.<sup id="cite_ref-virginislandsdailynews_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginislandsdailynews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mosler attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a> where he graduated with a degree in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-virgin_islands_daily_news_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virgin_islands_daily_news-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He initially went on to work at the Savings Bank of Manchester in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Connecticut" title="Manchester, Connecticut">Manchester, Connecticut</a> in 1973. Next he went on to work in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a> for Bache and Co. before moving to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. From there he would go on to work on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>, specifically, <a href="/wiki/Bankers_Trust" title="Bankers Trust">Bankers Trust</a> NYC, and then <a href="/wiki/William_Blair_%26_Company" title="William Blair & Company">William Blair</a> in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-about_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hedge_fund_career">Hedge fund career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hedge fund career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982 he founded a <a href="/wiki/Hedge_fund" title="Hedge fund">hedge fund</a>, Illinois Income Investors, where he was responsible for several strategies utilizing government securities, mortgage backed securities, <a href="/wiki/LIBOR" class="mw-redirect" title="LIBOR">LIBOR</a> swaps and LIBOR caps, and financial futures markets. By the late 1990s, most of the firm had been largely turned over to his partners, as he had disagreements on the direction of some of its investments.<sup id="cite_ref-about_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warren's hedge fund was informed by his developing theories. After his departure at the end of 1997, Warren's former business lost money when several dealers refused to make payments on credit default swaps on Russian debt. Separately, Warren attributed the crisis to the fixed exchange rate Russia had at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transition_to_academia">Transition to academia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transition to academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excited to share his various economic theories, Warren met economist <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laffer" title="Arthur Laffer">Arthur Laffer</a> through a referral from <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a meeting of Social Policy in NYC, <a href="/wiki/William_Vickrey" title="William Vickrey">William Vickrey</a> suggested Warren to seek out post-Keynesian economists <a href="/wiki/L._Randall_Wray" title="L. Randall Wray">L. Randall Wray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mitchell_(economist)" title="Bill Mitchell (economist)">Bill Mitchell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kelton" title="Stephanie Kelton">Stephanie Kelton</a> to discuss his ideas. These <a href="/wiki/Post-Keynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Keynesian">post-Keynesian</a> economists had been familiar with <a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">chartalism</a>, and recognized the validity of Mosler's analysis. Laffer also his staff economist Mark McNary, who provided editorial and research assistance in Warren's self-published <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">monograph</a>, "Soft-Currency Economics".<sup id="cite_ref-thenation_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenation-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_work">Academic work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academic work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Academically, he is known for his writings on <a href="/wiki/Modern_Monetary_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Monetary Theory">Modern Monetary Theory</a>, an economic theory that describes the way <a href="/wiki/Fiat_money" title="Fiat money">fiat money</a> is created and used in modern economies. His unorthodox views have gained a substantial following among participants in Internet discussion groups and academics.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010 he published <i>Seven Deadly Innocent Frauds of Economic Policy</i> outlining errors that can be made in the development of policy and explains what he deems "true" as proper alternatives.<sup id="cite_ref-about_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recognition that his <i>"leadership in the field of economics is notable"</i> Mosler was awarded an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Franklin_University_Switzerland" title="Franklin University Switzerland">Franklin University Switzerland</a> in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the Mosler Economic Policy Center (a center founded by him and aimed at encouraging education and research in new concepts and methods of economic policy analysis)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had promoted a lecture about <a href="/wiki/Functional_finance" title="Functional finance">functional finance</a> at Franklin the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014 he became <a href="/wiki/Visiting_professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Visiting professor">visiting professor</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergamo" title="University of Bergamo">University of Bergamo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-archibald_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archibald-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mosler's_law"><span id="Mosler.27s_law"></span>Mosler's law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mosler's law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He is attributed with creating Mosler's law dealing with fiscal policy of a nation during a recession. Specifically, Mosler's law states that "[...] no financial crisis [is] so deep that a sufficiently large fiscal adjustment cannot deal with it."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated that the recent recession could have been alleviated much quicker from a full payroll tax holiday that suspended FICA taxes (or massive government spending increases, depending on one's politics) until unemployment fell.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opposes overly high taxes since they discourage consumption within an economy but does agree a certain tax level is needed to guarantee citizens use the dollar as a currency.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is confident that inflation is a non-factor in his analysis given current procurement policy as long as there is sufficient excess capacity. In his theory the government has the complete ability to constantly expand net spending and guarantee consumption and growth.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supports unlimited FDIC deposit insurance for all bank deposits for US banks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He stresses that federal spending is in no way constrained by tax revenues, therefore the government will always be able to make payments in its own currency, stating "Federal Government checks don't bounce".<sup id="cite_ref-seven_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seven-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He goes on to state that any and all debt passed on to future generations will never be burdensome, since they will undoubtedly consume whatever is produced.<sup id="cite_ref-seven_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seven-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He developed much of his belief from his time as a hedge fund manager when many investors predicted the Italian government defaulting on bonds, whereas he predicted, correctly, that Italian government would not default and thus made considerable returns.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_views">Economic views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economic views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Healthcare</dt></dl> <p>Mosler supports government funding for full-time employment with full health care coverage for employees and dependents, thus triggering all firms providing health care to remain competitive. He states health cannot be viewed as a production cost, therefore the government should fund for at least 90% of the cost paid by the firms. Finally, he supports issuing medical debit cards to all citizens, for a fixed amount. This covers any medical costs and any amount above this will be covered by "catastrophe insurance". At the end of every year, citizens would receive a portion of their unused medical debit card.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Energy</dt></dl> <p>In a brief proposal, Mosler stated the energy crisis could be solved by lowering the speed limit nationally to 30 mph. According to Mosler, this would cut gasoline consumption and pollution since automobiles run more efficiently at slower speeds, while also greatly increase the demand for public transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He states that such an initiative would eventually lead to a supply shock forcing prices down, and improve real terms of trade.<sup id="cite_ref-energy_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-energy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Housing</dt></dl> <p>Mosler supports government purchases of houses in the foreclosure process from the bank at the lower of the fair market value or remaining mortgage balance. The government then would rent the house back to the original owner and after two years the house is put on the market with the original owner having the first rights of purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Taxes</dt></dl> <p>Mosler supports eliminating the income tax and replacing it with a real estate tax to "anchor the currency".<sup id="cite_ref-taxes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also supports eliminating tax advantages for any savings accounts, since he states savings do not increase investments necessarily.<sup id="cite_ref-taxes_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supports luxury taxes being used to limit the consumption of undesirable goods.<sup id="cite_ref-taxes_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_campaigns">Political campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2009, Mosler declared his candidacy with the Federal Elections Commission to run for the office of President of the United States as an independent.<sup id="cite_ref-president_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-president-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2010, he withdrew to run for a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Connecticut,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2010">U.S. Senate seat in Connecticut</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mosler_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosler-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> briefly as a Democrat, but ultimately as an independent. In the final tally he received 0.98% of the vote. </p><p>Mosler has run unsuccessfully three times for U.S. Virgin Islands delegate to the United States Congress; his last congressional race was in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-viconsortium_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viconsortium-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Mosler ran for lieutenant governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands as an independent,<sup id="cite_ref-thesource2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesource2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but quit the race early due to a difference of opinion with his running mate <a href="/wiki/Soraya_Diase_Coffelt" title="Soraya Diase Coffelt">Soraya Diase Coffelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thesource_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesource-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, he ran unsuccessfully for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands_gubernatorial_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Virgin Islands gubernatorial election, 2018">governor of the US Virgin Islands</a> as an independent candidate, coming in fourth with 4.7% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-virginislandsdailynews_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-virginislandsdailynews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Automotive_and_maritime_interests">Automotive and maritime interests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Automotive and maritime interests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler Automotive</a></div> <p>Mosler developed several luxury sports cars and <a href="/wiki/Supercars" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercars">supercars</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Consulier_GTP" title="Consulier GTP">Consulier GTP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mosler_MT900" title="Mosler MT900">Mosler MT900</a>. Starting in 1985, his cars were marketed by startup company Consulier, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler Automotive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His models were marked by excellent performance and high speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-jpnik_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpnik-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mosler was so confident about one of his models, the Consulier GTP, that he offered a bounty of $25,000 to anyone who could beat it in a race. <i><a href="/wiki/Car_and_Driver" title="Car and Driver">Car and Driver</a></i> took up the gauntlet and defeated his car. Mosler noted that the model used in the race was a worn-out Consulier and even so offered to pay if he was allowed to use his own driver and replace the brake pads. <i>Car and Driver</i> refused. Mosler subsequently offered the challenge once more for a higher bounty of $100,000 and held an event at Sebring where the Consulier again proved to be far quicker than any other road car.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s he developed environmentally friendly vehicles including both electric cars and composite-bodied automobiles.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was sold in June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-jpnik_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpnik-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mosler also designed his own <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> that he prides on being much lighter, faster, and more fuel-efficient than other models.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is operating a unique 'tandem' four-hulled ferry that doesn't promote sea sickness to take passengers from St. Croix to St. Thomas.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 2010, Mosler relocated to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> in order to participate in a government-sponsored economic growth initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-mosler_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosler-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the <i>New York Times</i> described Warren as "transitioning into an active retirement".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warren currently lives full time in <a href="/wiki/St._Croix" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Croix">St. Croix</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Maximizing Price Stability in a Market Economy," <i>Journal of Policy Modeling</i>, January 2017, co authored by Professor Damiano Bruno Silipo, Università della Calabria</li> <li>"Critique of John B. Taylor's 'Expectations, Open Market Operations, and Changes in the Federal Funds Rate'," <i>Journal of Post Keynesian Economics</i>, forthcoming.</li> <li>"The Natural Rate of Interest Is Zero," with Mathew Forstater, <i>JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ISSUES</i>, Vol. XXXIX No. 2, 2005</li> <li>"Public Sector Employment, Foreign Exchange and Trade, Achieving Full Employment," edited by Ellen Carlson and <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_%22Bill%22_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis "Bill" Mitchell">William F. Mitchell</a>, pp. 62–71, vol. 12, ELRR: Sydney, 2001.</li> <li>"Unemployment and Fiscal Policy, Unemployment: The Tip of the Iceberg," <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_%22Bill%22_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis "Bill" Mitchell">William Mitchell</a> and Ellen Carlson (eds.), pp. 219–231, CAER: Sydney, 2001.</li> <li>"Building a Palestinian Economy," Middle East Insight, pp. 57–59, Washington DC, June–July 2001.</li> <li>"Comment on 'In the Interests of Safety,' by Martin Mayer," in The Management of Global Financial Markets, edited by Jan Joost Teunissen, pp. 94–101, FONDAD: The Hague, 2000.</li> <li>"Exchange Rate Policy and Full Employment," The Path to Full Employment, Ellen Carlson and <a href="/wiki/William_Francis_%22Bill%22_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="William Francis "Bill" Mitchell">William F. Mitchell</a> (eds.), pp. 12–22, vol. 11, ELRR: Sydney, 2000.</li> <li>"A General Framework for the Analysis of Currencies and Commodities", in Full Employment and Price Stability in a Global Economy, edited by Paul Davidson and Jan Kregel, pp. 166–177, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc, 1999.</li> <li>"Full Employment and Price Stability," <i>Journal of Post Keynesian Economics</i>, Vol. 20, No. 2, Winter 1997–98.<sup id="cite_ref-about_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Monographies</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Soft Currency Economics II</i>, ADS Incorporate, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a> edition: 2012. Paper edition: 2013</li> <li><i>In alto il deficit!</i> (<i>Up with the deficit!</i>, book written in Italian), foreword by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Barnard" title="Paolo Barnard">Paolo Barnard</a>, Edizioni Sì, 2012</li> <li><i>Seven Deadly Innocent Frauds of Economic Policy</i>, foreword by <a href="/wiki/James_K._Galbraith" title="James K. Galbraith">James K. Galbraith</a>, Valance, 2010</li> <li><i>Soft Currency Economics</i>, www.mosler.org, 1993. Paper edition: AVM, 1995</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Courant&rft.atitle=Another+hat+in+the+ring%3F+Financial+analyst+Warren+Mosler+considers+U.S.+Senate+run&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.aulast=Altimari&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.courant.com%2Fcapitol_watch%2F2010%2F02%2Fanother-hat-in-the-ring-financ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarren+Mosler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vivote.gov/sites/default/files/officialresults/Official%20Results20181117.HTM">"Unofficial Results as of 11/17/18"</a>. <i>2018 General Election</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2018+General+Election&rft.atitle=Unofficial+Results+as+of+11%2F17%2F18&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivote.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fofficialresults%2FOfficial%2520Results20181117.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarren+Mosler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpnik-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpnik_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpnik_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrany2013" class="citation web cs1">Petrany, Mate (Jun 17, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jalopnik.com/mosler-made-the-first-production-car-with-no-structural-513809846">"Mosler Made The First Production Car With No Structural Metal In 1985"</a>. <i>Jalopnik</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jalopnik&rft.atitle=Mosler+Made+The+First+Production+Car+With+No+Structural+Metal+In+1985&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.aulast=Petrany&rft.aufirst=Mate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjalopnik.com%2Fmosler-made-the-first-production-car-with-no-structural-513809846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarren+Mosler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike2016" class="citation web cs1">Pike, Dag (16 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/vessel-build-and-maintenance/ship-and-boatbuilding/rough-sea-quad-hulled-cat">"Rough Sea Quad-Hulled Cat"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime Journal (page does not exist)">Maritime Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 Nov</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Journal&rft.atitle=Rough+Sea+Quad-Hulled+Cat&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Dag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritimejournal.com%2Fnews101%2Fvessel-build-and-maintenance%2Fship-and-boatbuilding%2Frough-sea-quad-hulled-cat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarren+Mosler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moslereconomics.com/warren-mosler-bio/">"Warren Mosler Bio"</a>. <i>The Center of the Universe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Center+of+the+Universe&rft.atitle=Warren+Mosler+Bio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoslereconomics.com%2Fwarren-mosler-bio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarren+Mosler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfeps.org/">Center for Full Employment and Price Stability</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moslereconomics.com/">The Center of the Universe: Warren Mosler's blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_VwcD191nI"><span class="plainlinks">Modern Monetary Theory: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something True</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_DO0SpiYyY"><span class="plainlinks">Interview by The Norwich Bulletin</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2008)_2012_United_States_presidential_election_(2016_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">← 2008</a>) <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">Statewide polls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">pre-2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early/Mid_2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Early/Mid 2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">early 2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2012 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Political impact of Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;">Democratic Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Challengers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Judd" title="Keith Judd">Keith Judd</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warren Mosler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Wolfe_Jr." title="John Wolfe Jr.">John Wolfe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;">Republican Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Statewide polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Straw polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Paul_Ryan" title="Political positions of Paul Ryan">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Callahan" title="Mark Callahan">Mark Callahan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Newt Gingrich 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Newt_Gingrich" title="Political positions of Newt Gingrich">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Greenleaf" title="Stewart Greenleaf">Stewart Greenleaf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Jr._(2012_presidential_candidate)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis Jr. (2012 presidential candidate)">John Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon Huntsman</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jon Huntsman 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fred_Karger" title="Fred Karger">Fred Karger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">Thaddeus McCotter</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Thaddeus McCotter 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty" title="Tim Pawlenty">Tim Pawlenty</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Pawlenty 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Person" title="Carl Person">Carl Person</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_National_Convention" title="2012 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cheri_Honkala" title="Cheri Honkala">Cheri Honkala</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2012 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></b></li> <li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Drake" title="Wiley Drake">Wiley Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Noonan" title="Edward C. Noonan">Edward C. Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Third Position Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Virginia Abernethy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Constitution_Party_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Jim Clymer</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: Stephen Durham</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots%E2%80%93Legalize_Cannabis_Party" title="Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party">Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carlson_(businessman)" title="Jim Carlson (businessman)">Jim Carlson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Luis_J._Rodriguez" title="Luis J. Rodriguez">Luis J. Rodriguez</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sheehan" title="Cindy Sheehan">Cindy Sheehan</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Barnett" title="Andre Barnett">Andre Barnett</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Stewart Alexander 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mendoza" title="Alejandro Mendoza">Alejandro Mendoza</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Objectivist Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></dd> <dt>Independents</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lee_Abramson" title="Lee Abramson">Lee Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Blythe" title="Randy Blythe">Randy Blythe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naked_Cowboy" title="Naked Cowboy">Robert Burck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones_(pastor)" title="Terry Jones (pastor)">Terry Jones</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">attempt to draft</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_elections" title="2012 United States elections">Other 2012 elections</a>:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2012 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2012 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566403#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566403#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566403#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/171709330">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no97057324">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mosler, Warren"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PALV063882">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5474362">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810641422205606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/171709330">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&oldid=1252972633">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Mosler&oldid=1252972633</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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