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</button> <ul id="toc-Business_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_New_York_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_New_York_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Mayor of New York City </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_New_York_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayoral_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayoral_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Mayoral elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayoral_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 2001 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 2005 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 2009 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 2013 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-mayoral_political_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-mayoral_political_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Post-mayoral political involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-mayoral_political_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2016_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 2016 elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 2018 elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2020 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defense_Innovation_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_Innovation_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Defense Innovation Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_Innovation_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Philanthropy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Philanthropy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 COVID-19 response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_advocacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_advocacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Environmental advocacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_advocacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johns_Hopkins_University_philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johns_Hopkins_University_philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Johns Hopkins University philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johns_Hopkins_University_philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_educational_and_research_philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_educational_and_research_philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Other educational and research philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_educational_and_research_philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_innovation_philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_innovation_philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Urban innovation philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_innovation_philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tobacco,_gun_control_and_public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tobacco,_gun_control_and_public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Tobacco, gun control and public health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tobacco,_gun_control_and_public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Other philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Family and relationships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relation_with_the_Sackler_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relation_with_the_Sackler_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Relation with the Sackler family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relation_with_the_Sackler_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image_and_lifestyle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image_and_lifestyle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Public image and lifestyle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image_and_lifestyle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_other_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_other_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Books and other works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_other_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michael Bloomberg</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" > 70 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="مايكل بلومبيرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل بلومبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maykl_Blumberq" title="Maykl Blumberq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maykl Blumberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="مایکل بلومبرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایکل بلومبرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="মাইকেল ব্লুমবার্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল ব্লুমবার্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Майкл Блумберг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Блумберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Майкъл Блумбърг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Блумбърг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Μάικλ Μπλούμπεργκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάικλ Μπλούμπεργκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مایکل بلومبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل بلومبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%B8%EB%B2%84%EA%B7%B8" title="마이클 블룸버그 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 블룸버그" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Մայքլ Բլումբերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայքլ Բլումբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="מייקל בלומברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל בלומברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="მაიკლ ბლუმბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაიკლ ბლუმბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikls_Blumbergs" title="Maikls Blumbergs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maikls Blumbergs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="मायकेल ब्लूमबर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मायकेल ब्लूमबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="مايكل بلومبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل بلومبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="میشل بلومبرگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میشل بلومبرگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BA" title="မိုက်ကယ်လ် ဘလွန်းဘက်ဂ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိုက်ကယ်လ် ဘလွန်းဘက်ဂ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0" title="マイケル・ブルームバーグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・ブルームバーグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مائیکل بلومبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائیکل بلومبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Блумберг, Майкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блумберг, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%86%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مچل بلومبرگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مچل بلومبرگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مایکڵ بلومبێرگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مایکڵ بلومبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Мајкл Блумберг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајкл Блумберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81" title="ไมเคิล บลูมเบอร์ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมเคิล บลูมเบอร์ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D2%91" title="Майкл Блумберґ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Блумберґ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مائیکل بلومبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائیکل بلومبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="迈克尔·布隆伯格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="迈克尔·布隆伯格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%92" title="מייקל בלומבערג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מייקל בלומבערג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Michael Bloomberg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="迈克尔·布隆伯格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迈克尔·布隆伯格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q607#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman and politician (born 1942)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bloomberg (disambiguation)">Bloomberg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michael Bloomberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg/220px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg/330px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg/440px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3672" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Bloomberg in 2015</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Innovation_Board" title="Defense Innovation Board">Defense Innovation Board</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office June 22, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mark Sirangelo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">108th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Mayor of New York City">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Harris" title="Patricia Harris">Patricia Harris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Rubens Bloomberg</div> (1942-02-14) February 14, 1942 (age 82) <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (before 2001, 2018–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (2001–2007) <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2007–2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Susan Brown-Meyer</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1993)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diana_Taylor_(superintendent)" title="Diana Taylor (superintendent)">Diana Taylor</a> (2000–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Bloomberg" title="Georgina Bloomberg">Georgina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>) <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">MBA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>philanthropist</li><li>author</li><li>businessman</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Bloomberg's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/128px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/192px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/256px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="162" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mikebloomberg.com">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Mike_Bloomberg_Headshot_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2613" /></a></td> <td style="background:#34AAE0; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;">This article is part of a series about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Bloomberg</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg">Electoral history</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal" title="Bloomberg Terminal">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Television" title="Bloomberg Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Radio" title="Bloomberg Radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Businessweek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Markets" title="Bloomberg Markets">Markets</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg">Mayoralty</a></li> <li>Elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2001 New York City mayoral election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2005 New York City mayoral election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2009 New York City mayoral election">2009</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Coal" title="Beyond Coal">Beyond Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everytown_for_Gun_Safety" title="Everytown for Gun Safety">Everytown for Gun Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willett_Advisors" title="Willett Advisors">Willett Advisors</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">Draft Bloomberg movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Bloomberg:_The_Wit_and_Wisdom_of_Michael_Bloomberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg">Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/120px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/180px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg/240px-Michael_Bloomberg_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="162" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michael_Bloomberg_series" title="Template:Michael Bloomberg series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michael_Bloomberg_series" title="Template talk:Michael Bloomberg series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michael_Bloomberg_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michael Bloomberg series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and politician. He is the majority owner and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a>, and was its CEO from 1981 to 2001 and again from 2014 to 2023.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> He served as the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a> for three terms from 2002 to 2013 and was a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Democratic presidential primaries">2020 Democratic nomination</a> for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. In 2024, Bloomberg received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a> He has served as chair of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Innovation_Board" title="Defense Innovation Board">Defense Innovation Board</a>, an independent advisory board that provides recommendations on <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, software, data and digital modernization to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, since June 2022. Bloomberg grew up in <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford, Massachusetts</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>. He began his career at the securities brokerage firm <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Brothers" title="Salomon Brothers">Salomon Brothers</a> before forming his own company in 1981. That company, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a>, is a financial information, software and media firm that is known for its <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal" title="Bloomberg Terminal">Bloomberg Terminal</a>. Bloomberg spent the next twenty years as its chairman and CEO. As of April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> ranked him as <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">the thirteenth-richest person in the world</a>, with an estimated net worth of US$106.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Bloomberg, who has signed <a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a>, has given away $17.4 billion to philanthropic causes in his lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> Bloomberg was elected the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">108th</a> mayor of New York City in <a href="/wiki/2001_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2001 New York City mayoral election">2001</a>. He held office for three consecutive terms, winning re-election in <a href="/wiki/2005_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2005 New York City mayoral election">2005</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2009 New York City mayoral election">2009</a>. Pursuing <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">socially liberal and fiscally moderate policies</a>, Bloomberg developed a <a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">technocratic managerial style</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> As the mayor of New York, Bloomberg established public <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>, rebuilt urban infrastructure, and supported <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">gun control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> initiatives, and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy of the United States">environmental protections</a>. He also led a rezoning of large areas of the city, which facilitated massive and widespread new commercial and residential construction after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. Bloomberg is considered to have had far-reaching influence on <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">the politics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">business sector</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">culture of New York City</a> during his three terms as mayor. He has also faced significant criticism for the city's <a href="/wiki/Stop_and_frisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop and frisk">stop and frisk</a> program, support for which he reversed with an apology before his 2020 presidential run.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> After a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, he re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L.P. by the end of 2014. In November 2019, four months before Super Tuesday, Bloomberg officially launched <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">his campaign</a> for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>. He ended his campaign in March 2020, after having won only 61 delegates. Bloomberg self-funded $935 million<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> for his candidacy, which set the record for the most expensive U.S. presidential primary campaign. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Bloomberg was born on February 14, 1942, at <a href="/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_Medical_Center_(Boston)" title="St. Elizabeth's Medical Center (Boston)">St. Elizabeth's Hospital</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Boston" title="Brighton, Boston">Brighton</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, to William Henry Bloomberg (1906–1963), a bookkeeper for a dairy company,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and Charlotte (née Rubens) Bloomberg (1909–2011).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> His father never earned more than $6,000 a year.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> William Henry Bloomberg died suddenly when his son was in college.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Baker_Library/Bloomberg_Center" title="Baker Library/Bloomberg Center">Bloomberg Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> was named in William Henry's honor.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Bloomberg's family is <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and he is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Emanu-El_of_New_York" title="Congregation Emanu-El of New York">Temple Emanu-El</a> in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Bloomberg's paternal grandfather, Rabbi Alexander "Elick" Bloomberg, was a <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Jew">Polish Jew</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Bloomberg's maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was a <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jewish">Lithuanian Jewish</a> immigrant from present-day <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and his maternal grandmother was born in New York to Lithuanian Jewish parents.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Allston" title="Allston">Allston</a> until Bloomberg was two years old, followed by <a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a>, for two years, finally settling in the Boston suburb of <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford, Massachusetts</a>, where he lived until after he graduated from college.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Bloomberg became an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout" title="Eagle Scout">Eagle Scout</a> when he was twelve years old.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Medford_High_School_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford High School (Massachusetts)">Medford High School</a> in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> He went on to attend <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, where he joined the fraternity <a href="/wiki/Phi_Kappa_Psi" title="Phi Kappa Psi">Phi Kappa Psi</a>. While there, he constructed the <a href="/wiki/Blue_jay" title="Blue jay">blue jay</a> costume for the university's <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> He graduated in 1964 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In 1966, he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> (MBA) degree.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbb17-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloomberg in Johns Hopkins University's 1964 yearbook"><img alt="Bloomberg in Johns Hopkins University's 1964 yearbook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg/169px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg/253px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg/338px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1964_Hullabaloo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1894" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Bloomberg in <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>'s 1964 yearbook</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloomberg in Medford High School's 1960 yearbook"><img alt="Bloomberg in Medford High School's 1960 yearbook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg/170px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg/255px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg/340px-Michael_Bloomberg_in_1960_Blue_and_White.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="522" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Bloomberg in <a href="/wiki/Medford_High_School_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford High School (Massachusetts)">Medford High School</a>'s 1960 yearbook</div></div> </li> </ul> Bloomberg is a member of <a href="/wiki/Kappa_Beta_Phi" title="Kappa Beta Phi">Kappa Beta Phi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tau_Beta_Pi" title="Tau Beta Pi">Tau Beta Pi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> He wrote an autobiography, Bloomberg by Bloomberg, with help from <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Winkler_(journalist)" title="Matthew Winkler (journalist)">Matthew Winkler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg/220px-2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg/330px-2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg/440px-2012_Bloomberg_Terminal_by_jm3_-_Creative_Commons_licensed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>A 2012 <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal" title="Bloomberg Terminal">Bloomberg Terminal</a> with a multi-monitor set-up composed of six screens</figcaption></figure> In 1966, Bloomberg was hired for a job earning $9,000 per year<a href="#cite_note-auto-38">[38]</a> at <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Brothers" title="Salomon Brothers">Salomon Brothers</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-39">[39]</a> Salomon Brothers later promoted him to the equities desk.<a href="#cite_note-auto-38">[38]</a> Bloomberg became a <a href="/wiki/General_partner" title="General partner">general partner</a> at Salomon Brothers in 1972; he headed <a href="/wiki/Equity_trading" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity trading">equity trading</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Systems_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems development">systems development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-39">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phibro_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Phibro Corporation">Phibro Corporation</a> bought Salomon Brothers in 1981, and the new management fired Bloomberg, paying him $10 million for his equity in the firm.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Using the money he received from Phibro, Bloomberg—having designed in-house computerized financial systems for Salomon—set up a data services company named Innovative Market Systems (IMS)<a href="#cite_note-Stewart-43">[43]</a> based on his belief that Wall Street would pay a premium for high-quality business information, delivered instantaneously on computer terminals in a variety of usable formats.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The company sold customized <a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">computer terminals</a> that delivered real-time market data, financial calculations and other analytics to Wall Street firms. The terminal, first called the Market Master terminal, was released to market in December 1982.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 1986, IMS renamed itself Bloomberg L.P.<a href="#cite_note-:3-39">[39]</a> Over the years, ancillary products including <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Radio" title="Bloomberg Radio">Bloomberg Radio</a>, Bloomberg Message, and Bloomberg Tradebook were launched.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Bloomberg, L.P. had revenues of approximately $10 billion in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Stewart-43">[43]</a> As of 2019, the company has more than 325,000 terminal subscribers worldwide and employs 20,000 people in dozens of locations.<a href="#cite_note-Stewart-43">[43]</a> The culture of the company in the 1980s and 1990s has been compared to a fraternity, with employees bragging in the company's office about their sexual exploits.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The company was <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.#Controversies" title="Bloomberg L.P.">sued four times by female employees</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>, including one incident in which a victim claimed to have been raped.<a href="#cite_note-vv-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-50">[50]</a> To celebrate Bloomberg's 48th birthday, colleagues published a pamphlet entitled <a href="/wiki/Portable_Bloomberg:_The_Wit_and_Wisdom_of_Michael_Bloomberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg">Portable Bloomberg: The Wit and Wisdom of Michael Bloomberg</a>. Among various sayings that were attributed to him, several have subsequently been criticized as sexist or misogynistic.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-47">[47]</a> When he left the position of CEO to pursue a political career as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg was replaced by Lex Fenwick<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> and later by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Doctoroff" title="Daniel L. Doctoroff">Daniel L. Doctoroff</a>, after his initial service as deputy mayor under Bloomberg.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> After completing his final term as the mayor of New York City, Bloomberg spent his first eight months out of office as a full-time philanthropist. In fall 2014, he announced that he would return to Bloomberg L.P. as CEO at the end of 2014,<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Ross_Sorkin-56">[56]</a> succeeding Doctoroff, who had led the company since February 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Ross_Sorkin-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Bloomberg resigned as CEO of Bloomberg L.P. to run for president in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Stewart-43">[43]</a> In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/John_P._Angelos" title="John P. Angelos">John P. Angelos</a> reached a $1.725 billion deal to sell the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a> to a group led by <a href="/wiki/David_Rubenstein" title="David Rubenstein">David Rubenstein</a>. The group included Bloomberg, former Baltimore Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schmoke" title="Kurt Schmoke">Kurt Schmoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cal_Ripken" class="mw-redirect" title="Cal Ripken">Cal Ripken</a>, New York investment manager Michael Arougheti and NBA legend <a href="/wiki/Grant_Hill" title="Grant Hill">Grant Hill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth">Wealth</h3></div> In March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> reported Bloomberg's wealth at $16 billion, a gain of $4.5 billion over the previous year, the world's biggest increase in wealth from 2008 to 2009.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Bloomberg moved from 142nd to 17th in the Forbes list of the world's billionaires in only two years.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In the 2019 Forbes list of the world's billionaires, he was <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires#2019" title="The World's Billionaires">the ninth-richest person</a>; his net worth was estimated at $55.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Currently, Bloomberg's net worth is estimated at $106 billion, ranking him 12th on Forbes' list of billionaires.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_New_York_City">Mayor of New York City</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg">Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/220px-George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/330px-George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/440px-George_W._Bush_and_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg with President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in 2003</figcaption></figure> Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a> on January 1, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> He won re-election in 2005 and again in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> As mayor, he initially struggled with approval ratings as low as 24 percent;<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> however, he subsequently developed and maintained high approval ratings.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Bloomberg joined <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a> as re-elected Republican mayors in the mostly Democratic city.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Bloomberg stated that he wanted <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> reform to be the legacy of his first term and addressing poverty to be the legacy of his second.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P111512PS-0317_(8248707334).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg/220px-P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg/330px-P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg/440px-P111512PS-0317_%288248707334%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg with President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2012</figcaption></figure> Bloomberg chose to apply a statistical, metrics-based management approach to city government, and granted departmental commissioners' broad autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, he implemented what New York Times political reporter <a href="/wiki/Adam_Nagourney" title="Adam Nagourney">Adam Nagourney</a> called a "bullpen" <a href="/wiki/Open_plan" title="Open plan">open office</a> plan, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Bloomberg accepted a <a href="/wiki/One-dollar_salary" title="One-dollar salary">remuneration of $1 annually</a> in lieu of the mayoral salary.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._(15138698720).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg/220px-Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg/330px-Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg/440px-Primer_Foro_Latinoamericano_Bloomberg_Auspiciando_la_Alianza_del_Pac%C3%ADfico._%2815138698720%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="1592" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg with presidents of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> As mayor, Bloomberg turned the city's $6 billion budget deficit into a $3 billion surplus, largely by raising property taxes.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Bloomberg increased city funding for the new development of affordable housing through a plan that created and preserved an estimated 160,000 affordable homes in the city.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 2003, he implemented a successful <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ban" title="Smoking ban">smoking ban</a> in all indoor workplaces, including bars and restaurants, and many other cities and states followed suit.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to <a href="/wiki/Ban_on_trans-fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban on trans-fat">ban trans-fat</a> from all restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> This went into effect in July 2008 and has since been adopted in many other cities and countries. Bloomberg created <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle lanes">bicycle lanes</a>, required chain restaurants to post <a href="/wiki/Calorie_count_laws" title="Calorie count laws">calorie counts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pedestrianized" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrianized">pedestrianized</a> much of <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>. In 2011, Bloomberg launched the NYC Young Men's Initiative, a $127 million initiative to support programs and policies designed to address disparities between young Black and Latino men and their peers, and personally donated $30 million to the project.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 2010, Bloomberg supported the then-controversial <a href="/wiki/Park51" title="Park51">Islamic complex near Ground Zero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Under the Bloomberg Administration, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> greatly expanded its <a href="/wiki/Stop-and-frisk_in_New_York_City" title="Stop-and-frisk in New York City">stop and frisk</a> program, with a sixfold increase in documented stops.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The policy was challenged in <a href="/wiki/U.S._Federal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Federal Court">U.S. Federal Court</a>, which ruled that the city's implementation of the policy violated citizens' rights under the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourth Amendment of the Constitution</a> and encouraged racial profiling.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Bloomberg's administration appealed the ruling; however, his successor, Mayor Bill de Blasio, dropped the appeal and allowed the ruling to take effect.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, with assistance from the Central Intelligence Agency, Bloomberg's administration oversaw a controversial program that surveilled Muslim communities on the basis of their religion, ethnicity, and language.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The program was discontinued in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In a January 2014 <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University_Polling_Institute" title="Quinnipiac University Polling Institute">Quinnipiac</a> poll, 64 percent of voters called Bloomberg's 12 years as mayor "mainly a success".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayoral_elections">Mayoral elections</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2001_election">2001 election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2001_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2001 New York City mayoral election">2001 New York City mayoral election</a></div> In 2001, New York's Republican mayor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, was ineligible for re-election due to the city's limit of two consecutive terms. Bloomberg, who had been a lifelong member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, decided to run for mayor on the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> ticket.<a href="#cite_note-2001_election-89">[89]</a> Voting in the primary began on the morning of September 11, 2001. The primary was postponed later that day, due to the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated <a href="/wiki/Herman_Badillo" title="Herman Badillo">Herman Badillo</a>, a former Democratic <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">congressman</a>, to become the Republican nominee. After a <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a>, the Democratic nomination went to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">New York City Public Advocate</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Green_(New_York_politician)" title="Mark Green (New York politician)">Mark Green</a>. Bloomberg received Giuliani's endorsement to succeed him in the 2001 election. He also had a huge campaign spending advantage. Although New York City's <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance in the United States">campaign finance</a> law restricts the total amount of contributions that a candidate can accept, Bloomberg chose not to use public funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to these restrictions. He spent $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green by a ratio of five to one.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In the wake of the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg's administration made a successful bid to host the <a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004 Republican National Convention</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention_protest_activity" title="2004 Republican National Convention protest activity">convention drew thousands of protesters</a>, among them New Yorkers against <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and the Bush administration's pursuit of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2005_election">2005 election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2005_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2005 New York City mayoral election">2005 New York City mayoral election</a></div> Bloomberg was re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20 percent, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York City.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> He spent almost $78 million on his campaign, exceeding the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. In late 2004 or early 2005, Bloomberg gave the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">Independence Party of New York</a> $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Former Bronx Borough President <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Ferrer" title="Fernando Ferrer">Fernando Ferrer</a> won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ognibene" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Ognibene">Thomas Ognibene</a> sought to run against Bloomberg in the Republican Party's primary election.<a href="#cite_note-schulman-95">[95]</a> The Bloomberg campaign successfully challenged the signatures Ognibene submitted to the Board of Elections to prevent Ognibene from appearing on ballots for the Republican primary.<a href="#cite_note-schulman-95">[95]</a> Instead, Ognibene ran on only the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party</a> ticket.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Ognibene accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals, a feeling echoed by others.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Bloomberg opposed the confirmation of <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PR-_354-05-101">[101]</a> Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Abortion_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion rights">abortion rights</a> and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PR-_354-05-101">[101]</a> In addition to Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic mayor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a>; former Democratic governor <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Carey" title="Hugh Carey">Hugh Carey</a>; former Democratic City Council Speaker <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vallone" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Vallone">Peter Vallone</a>, and his son, Councilman <a href="/wiki/Peter_Vallone_Jr." title="Peter Vallone Jr.">Peter Vallone Jr.</a>; former Democratic Congressman <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Flake" title="Floyd Flake">Floyd Flake</a> (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> <a href="/wiki/Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">Borough President</a> <a href="/wiki/Marty_Markowitz" title="Marty Markowitz">Marty Markowitz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_election">2009 election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2009_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2009 New York City mayoral election">2009 New York City mayoral election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mayor_Michael_Bloomberg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg in 2007</figcaption></figure> On October 2, 2008, Bloomberg announced he would seek to extend the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections#Terms_and_term_limits_(since_1834)" title="New York City mayoral elections">city's term limits law</a> and run for a third mayoral term in 2009. Bloomberg said, "Handling this financial crisis while strengthening essential services ... is a challenge I want to take on," Bloomberg said at a news conference. "So should the City Council vote to amend term limits, I plan to ask New Yorkers to look at my record of independent leadership and then decide if I have earned another term."<a href="#cite_note-Honan_Reuters_20081002-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Lauder" title="Ronald Lauder">Ronald Lauder</a>, who campaigned for New York City's term limits in 1993 and spent over 4 million dollars of his own money to limit the maximum years a mayor could serve to eight years,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> sided with Bloomberg and agreed to stay out of future legality issues.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In exchange, he was promised a seat on an influential city board by Bloomberg.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Some people and organizations objected and <a href="/wiki/NYPIRG" class="mw-redirect" title="NYPIRG">NYPIRG</a> filed a complaint with the City Conflict of Interest Board.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> On October 23, 2008, the city council voted 29–22 in favor of extending the term limit to three consecutive four-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-nyccouncil-108">[108]</a> After two days of public hearings, Bloomberg signed the bill into law on November 3.<a href="#cite_note-Chan-Chen_NYT_20081103-109">[109]</a> Bloomberg's bid for a third term generated some controversy. Civil libertarians such as former <a href="/wiki/New_York_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="New York Civil Liberties Union">New York Civil Liberties Union</a> Director <a href="/wiki/Norman_Siegel" title="Norman Siegel">Norman Siegel</a> and New York Civil Rights Coalition Executive Director Michael Meyers joined with local politicians to protest the process as undermining the democratic process.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Bloomberg's opponent was <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Bill_Thompson_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Thompson (New York)">Bill Thompson</a>, who had been <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a> for the past eight years and before that, president of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Board of Education">New York City Board of Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Bloomberg defeated Thompson by a vote of 51 percent to 46 percent.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Bloomberg spent $109.2 million on his 2009 campaign, outspending Thompson by a margin of more than 11 to one.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> After the release of Independence Party campaign filings in January 2010, it was reported that Bloomberg had made two $600,000 contributions from his personal account to the Independence Party on October 30 and November 2, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The Independence Party then paid $750,000 of that money to Republican Party political operative John Haggerty Jr.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> This prompted an investigation beginning in February 2010 by the office of <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_District_Attorney" title="New York County District Attorney">New York County District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance_Jr." title="Cyrus Vance Jr.">Cyrus Vance Jr.</a> into possible improprieties.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The Independence Party later questioned how Haggerty spent the money, which was to go to poll-watchers.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Former New York State Senator <a href="/wiki/Martin_Connor" title="Martin Connor">Martin Connor</a> contended that because the Bloomberg donations were made to an Independence Party housekeeping account rather than to an account meant for current campaigns, this was a violation of campaign finance laws.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Haggerty also spent money from a separate $200,000 donation from Bloomberg on office space.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2013_election">2013 election</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2013_New_York_City_mayoral_election" title="2013 New York City mayoral election">2013 New York City mayoral election</a></div> On September 13, 2013, Bloomberg announced that he would not endorse any of the candidates to succeed him.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> On his radio show, he stated, "I don't want to do anything that complicates it for the next mayor. And that's one of the reasons I've decided I'm just not going to make an endorsement in the race." He added, "I want to make sure that person is ready to succeed, to take what we've done and build on that."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/220px-PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/330px-PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg/440px-PM_Narendra_Modi_with_Michael_Bloomberg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1821" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg with Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> Bloomberg praised <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> for its endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Christine_Quinn" title="Christine Quinn">Christine Quinn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lhota" title="Joe Lhota">Joe Lhota</a> as their favorite candidates in the Democratic and Republican primaries, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Quinn came in third in the Democratic primary and Lhota won the Republican primary. Bloomberg criticized Democratic mayoral candidate <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a>'s campaign methods, which he initially called "racist"; Bloomberg later downplayed and partially retracted those remarks.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticRacist-126">[126]</a> On January 1, 2014, de Blasio became New York City's new mayor, succeeding Bloomberg.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-mayoral_political_involvement">Post-mayoral political involvement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">Draft Bloomberg movement</a></div> Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a possible <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> candidate for the presidential elections in <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>, as well as for governor of New York <a href="/wiki/2010_New_York_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 New York gubernatorial election">in 2010</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> or vice-president in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> He eventually declined to seek all of these offices. In the immediate aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> in November 2012, Bloomberg penned an op-ed officially endorsing <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> for president, citing Obama's policies on climate change.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomswitch-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_elections">2016 elections</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg/220px-Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg/330px-Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg/440px-Michael_Bloomberg_2016_DNC_CoanJrKWgAQo2be.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg speaking at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a></figcaption></figure> On January 23, 2016, it was reported that Bloomberg was again considering a presidential run, as an independent candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a>, if Bernie Sanders got the Democratic party nomination.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> This was the first time he had officially confirmed he was considering a run.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Bloomberg supporters believed that Bloomberg could run as a centrist and capture many voters who were dissatisfied with the likely Democratic and Republican nominees.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> However, on March 7, Bloomberg announced he would not be running for president.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> In July 2016, Bloomberg delivered a speech at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a> in which he called Hillary Clinton "the right choice".<a href="#cite_note-:4-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-bloom4hillary-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-vox_prokopday3-145">[145]</a> Bloomberg warned of the dangers a Donald Trump presidency would pose. He said Trump "wants you to believe that we can solve our biggest problems by deporting Mexicans and shutting out Muslims. He wants you to believe that erecting trade barriers will bring back good jobs. He's wrong on both counts." Bloomberg also said Trump's economic plans "would make it harder for small businesses to compete" and would "erode our influence in the world". Trump responded to the speech by condemning Bloomberg in a series of tweets.<a href="#cite_note-:4-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2018_elections">2018 elections</h4></div> In June 2018, Bloomberg pledged $80 million to support Democratic congressional candidates in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_election,_2018" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives election, 2018">2018 election</a>, with the goal of flipping control of the Republican-controlled House to Democrats. In a statement, Bloomberg said that Republican House leadership were "absolutely feckless" and had failed to govern responsibly. Bloomberg advisor <a href="/wiki/Howard_Wolfson" title="Howard Wolfson">Howard Wolfson</a> was chosen to lead the effort, which was to target mainly suburban districts.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> By early October, Bloomberg had committed more than $100 million to returning the House and Senate to Democratic power, fueling speculation about a presidential run in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On October 10, 2018, Bloomberg announced that he had returned to the Democratic party.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg/200px-Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg/300px-Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg/400px-Mike_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="184" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg's <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a> logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_(49474988353).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg/200px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg/300px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg/400px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2849474988353%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5195" data-file-height="3463" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg at a campaign rally in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, in February 2020</figcaption></figure> On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg had announced that he would not run for president in 2020. Instead, he encouraged the Democratic Party to "nominate a Democrat who will be in the strongest position to defeat <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>."<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> However, due to his dissatisfaction with the Democratic field, Bloomberg reconsidered. He officially launched his campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination on November 24, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Bloomberg self-funded his campaign from his personal fortune and did not accept campaign contributions.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Bloomberg's campaign suffered from his lackluster performance in two televised debates.<a href="#cite_note-EndCostlyBid-153">[153]</a> When Bloomberg participated in his first presidential debate, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> challenged him to release women from non-disclosure agreements relating to their <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.#Controversies" title="Bloomberg L.P.">allegations of sexual harassment at Bloomberg L.P.</a> Two days later, Bloomberg announced that there were three women who had made complaints concerning him, and added that he would release any of the three if they request him to do so.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Warren continued her attack in the second debate the next week. Others criticized Bloomberg for his wealth and campaign spending,<a href="#cite_note-Feb_25_debate-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-debate_2_carville-157">[157]</a> as well as his former affiliation with the Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-EndCostlyBid-153">[153]</a> As a late entrant to the race, Bloomberg skipped the first four state primaries and caucuses.<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-158">[158]</a> He spent $676 million of his personal fortune on the primary campaign, breaking a record for the most money ever spent on a presidential primary campaign.<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-158">[158]</a> His campaign blanketed the country with campaign advertisements on broadcast and cable television, the Internet, and radio,<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Direct_mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct mail">direct mail</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EndCostlyBid-153">[153]</a> Bloomberg also spent heavily on campaign operations that grew to 200 field offices and more than 2,400 paid campaign staffers.<a href="#cite_note-EndCostlyBid-153">[153]</a> His support in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">nationwide opinion polls</a> never exceeded 15 percent but stagnated or dropped before <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> while former vice president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> had become the frontrunner after receiving the support of major candidates <a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> shortly before Super Tuesday. Bloomberg suspended his campaign on March 4, 2020, after a disappointing Super Tuesday in which he <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_caucuses_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States presidential caucuses in American Samoa">won only American Samoa</a>, and subsequently endorsed Biden.<a href="#cite_note-Mehta-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-EndCostlyBid-153">[153]</a> Bloomberg donated $18 million to the Democratic National Committee and publicly planned a "massive spending blitz" to support Biden's campaign.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg/200px-Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg/300px-Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg/400px-Michael_Bloomberg_Sworn_In_as_Defense_Innovation_Board_Chair_220622-D-D0439-101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg is sworn in as chair of the Defense Innovation Board in June 2022.</figcaption></figure> When a <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> correspondent remarked on March 1 that Bloomberg had spent twice what President Trump had raised, he was asked how much he would spend. Bloomberg replied, "I'm making an investment in this country. My investment is I'm going to remove President Trump from 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue or at least try as hard as I can."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Speaking on the final night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Bloomberg took aim at Trump's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the American economy: "Would you rehire or work for someone who ran your business into the ground? Who always does what's best for him or her, even when it hurts the company, and whose reckless decisions put you in danger, and who spends more time tweeting than working? If the answer is no, why the hell would we ever rehire Donald Trump for another four years?"<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_Innovation_Board">Defense Innovation Board</h3></div> In February 2022, Bloomberg was nominated to chair the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Innovation_Board" title="Defense Innovation Board">Defense Innovation Board</a>, being sworn in on June 22, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">Political positions of Michael Bloomberg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg/200px-Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg/300px-Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg/400px-Michael_Bloomberg_speech_cropped_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="844" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg delivering a speech in 2004</figcaption></figure> Bloomberg was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of the United States">Democrat</a> until 2001, when he switched to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party of the United States">Republican Party</a> to run for mayor. He switched to an <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> in 2007 and registered again as a Democrat in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Vox1-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In 2004, he endorsed the re-election of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and spoke at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">2004 Republican National Convention</a>. He endorsed <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s re-election in 2012, endorsed <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 election</a>, and spoke at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-politico1-172">[172]</a> In 2008, he did not make a presidential election endorsement, but he voted for Obama, according to a 2020 statement by "Stu Loeser, a Bloomberg [2020] campaign spokesman."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> As Mayor of New York, Bloomberg supported government initiatives in public health and welfare.<a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ukspeech-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luhby-176">[176]</a> This included <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_control" title="Tobacco control">tobacco control</a> efforts (including an increase in the legal age to purchase tobacco products, a ban on smoking in indoor workplaces, and an increase in the cigarette tax);<a href="#cite_note-Luhby-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> the elimination of the use of artificial <a href="/wiki/Trans_fats" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans fats">trans fats</a> in restaurants;<a href="#cite_note-Luhby-176">[176]</a> and bans on all flavored tobacco and e-cigarette products including menthol flavors.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Bloomberg also launched an unsuccessful effort to <a href="/wiki/Sugary_drinks_portion_cap_rule" title="Sugary drinks portion cap rule">ban on certain large (more than 16 fluid ounce) sugary sodas</a> at restaurants and food service establishments in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Luhby-176">[176]</a> These initiatives were supported by public health advocates<a href="#cite_note-Luhby-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Badger-179">[179]</a> but were criticized by some as "<a href="/wiki/Nanny_state" title="Nanny state">nanny state</a>" policies.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Over his career, Bloomberg has "mingled support for progressive causes with more conservative positions on law enforcement, business regulation and <a href="/wiki/School_choice" title="School choice">school choice</a>."<a href="#cite_note-EmpireInfluence-181">[181]</a> Bloomberg supports gun-control measures, abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-174">[174]</a> He advocates for a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_insurance_option" title="Public health insurance option">public health insurance option</a> that he has called "Medicare for all for people that are uncovered" rather than a universal <a href="/wiki/Single-payer_healthcare" title="Single-payer healthcare">single-payer healthcare</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-174">[174]</a> He is concerned about <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and has touted his mayoral efforts to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Bloomberg supported the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and opposed creating a timeline for withdrawing troops.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Bloomberg has sometimes embraced the use of <a href="/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">surveillance</a> in efforts to deter crime and protect against terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> During and after<a href="#cite_note-mcharris-187">[187]</a> his tenure, he was a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Stop-and-frisk_in_New_York_City" title="Stop-and-frisk in New York City">stop-and-frisk</a>. In November 2019, Bloomberg apologized for supporting it.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcharris-187">[187]</a> He advocates reversing many of the <a href="/wiki/Trump_tax_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump tax cuts">Trump tax cuts</a>. His own tax plan includes implementing a 5 percent surtax on incomes above $5 million a year and would raise federal revenue by $5 trillion over a decade. He opposes a <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, saying that it would likely be found unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-tax_plan_2020-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> He has also proposed more stringent financial regulations that include tougher oversight for big banks, a <a href="/wiki/Financial_transactions_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial transactions tax">financial transactions tax</a>, and stronger consumer protections.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> He supported decreasing estate-tax threshold to collect more estate taxes and close tax avoidance schemes. According to <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a> investigation he set up multiple <a href="/wiki/Grantor_retained_annuity_trust" title="Grantor retained annuity trust">GRATs</a> thus shielding parts of his fortune for his heirs.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Bloomberg stated that running as a Democrat – not an independent – was the only path he saw to defeating <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, saying: "In 2020, the great likelihood is that an independent would just split the anti-Trump vote and end up re-electing the President. That's a risk I refused to run in 2016 and we can't afford to run it now."<a href="#cite_note-Vox1-169">[169]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 general election</a>, Bloomberg invested $115 million in <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">Joe Biden's campaign</a> in key states like <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, contributed millions to various Democrats in local races, and raised over $16 million to clear court fines for nearly 32,000 Black and Hispanic Florida voters with felony convictions.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Bloomberg contributed $19 million to a pro-Biden super PAC in support of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">Biden's reelection</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In October 2024, Bloomberg contributed $50 million to support <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris's</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024 election campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Everytown_for_Gun_Safety" title="Everytown for Gun Safety">Everytown for Gun Safety</a></div> In August 2010, Bloomberg signed <a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a>, whereby the wealthy pledge to give away at least half of their wealth. In his lifetime, he has given away $17.4 billion overall including $3 billion in 2023, when he was America's highest giving philanthropist, according to Chronicle of Philanthropy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> He has been in the top ten on the publication's list of America's biggest donors since 2004.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-5">[5]</a> His <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a> foundation focuses on public health, the arts, government innovation, the environment, and education.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-203">[203]</a> Through the foundation, he donated or pledged $767 million in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> and more than $1 billion in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In 2011, recipients included the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Tobacco-Free_Kids" title="Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids</a>; <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a>; <a href="/wiki/World_Lung_Foundation" title="World Lung Foundation">World Lung Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>. According to The New York Times, Bloomberg was an "anonymous donor" to the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Corporation">Carnegie Corporation</a> from 2001 to 2010, with gifts ranging from $5 million to $20 million each year.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Corporation">Carnegie Corporation</a> distributed these contributions to hundreds of New York City organizations ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Dance_Theatre_of_Harlem" title="Dance Theatre of Harlem">Dance Theatre of Harlem</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gilda%27s_Club" title="Gilda's Club">Gilda's Club</a>, a non-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with cancer. He continues to support the arts through his foundation.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Bloomberg gave $254 million in 2009 to almost 1,400 nonprofit organizations,<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> saying, "I am a big believer in giving it all away and have always said that the best financial planning ends with bouncing the check to the undertaker."<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19_response">COVID-19 response</h3></div> During the 2020 <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic and its aftermath, Bloomberg through his foundation committed to a wide range of urgent causes including researching treatments and vaccines, leading contact tracing to root out the virus, supporting the World Health Organization, and funding global efforts to fight the spread of the disease and protect vulnerable populations. Action included: <ul><li>Cofounding a $75 million fund for nonprofits impacted by COVID-19 in New York City<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li>Donating $6 million to <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen" title="World Central Kitchen">World Central Kitchen</a> to serve meals to health care workers in New York City<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li>Partnering with Johns Hopkins University to train COVID-19 contact tracers through its school of public health and search for a treatment of the virus.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li>Convening mayors through a partnership with Harvard College to learn and discuss their pandemic response, featuring a bipartisan roster of speakers and attendees.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li> <li>Leading New York's contact tracing effort<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li> <li>Launching an information and action sharing network for cities through the <a href="/wiki/National_League_of_Cities" title="National League of Cities">National League of Cities</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li>Supporting international efforts to combat the spread of COVID-19 and prepare regional leaders through the <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, Vital Strategies and other partners<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_advocacy">Environmental advocacy</h3></div> Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> called Bloomberg "perhaps the world's single largest funder of climate activism."<a href="#cite_note-Gelles-223">[223]</a> At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Coal" title="Beyond Coal">Beyond Coal</a> campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down <a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal-fired power plant">coal-fired power plants</a> from 15 states to 45 states.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30 million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In September 2023, Bloomberg committed another $500 million to Beyond Carbon to "finish the job on coal."<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Defense_Fund" title="Environmental Defense Fund">Environmental Defense Fund</a> in support of strict regulations on <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a> in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Hank_Paulson" class="mw-redirect" title="Hank Paulson">Hank Paulson</a> and hedge-fund billionaire <a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a>. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of climate change">impact of climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" title="C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group">C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group</a>, a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emissions">carbon emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President Bill Clinton to merge C40 with the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Climate_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Climate Initiative">Clinton Climate Initiative</a>, with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53 million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with <a href="/wiki/Oceana_(non-profit_group)" title="Oceana (non-profit group)">Oceana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rare_(conservation_organization)" title="Rare (conservation organization)">Rare</a>, and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> In 2018, Bloomberg joined <a href="/wiki/Ray_Dalio" title="Ray Dalio">Ray Dalio</a> in announcing a commitment of $185 million towards protecting the oceans.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretary_General" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Secretary General">United Nations Secretary General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a> appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> In 2018, Ban's successor <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> On 5 February 2021, however, he was re-appointed by Guterres as his Special Envoy on Climate Ambition and Solutions in the lead-up to the climate conference in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> scheduled for November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks <a href="/wiki/ICLEI" title="ICLEI">ICLEI</a>-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), <a href="/wiki/C40_Cities_Climate_Leadership_Group" title="C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group">C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group</a> (C40) and <a href="/wiki/United_Cities_and_Local_Governments" title="United Cities and Local Governments">United Cities and Local Governments</a> (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the <a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact of Mayors">Compact of Mayors</a>, a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance <a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">climate resilience</a>, and track their progress transparently.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300 million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> which was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Mayors" title="Covenant of Mayors">Covenant of Mayors</a> in June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In 2015, Bloomberg and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Paris" title="Mayor of Paris">Paris mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at <a href="/wiki/Paris_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris City Hall">Paris City Hall</a> to discuss fighting climate change.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2015 UN Climate Change Conference</a> in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Carney" title="Mark Carney">Mark Carney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a> and chair of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a>, announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing <a href="/wiki/Risks_of_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Risks of climate change">risks of climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> Following President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s announcement that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord</a>, Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge'.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Bloomberg offered up to $15 million to the <a href="/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC">UNFCCC</a>, the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Resources_Institute" title="World Resources Institute">World Resource Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocky Mountain Institute">Rocky Mountain Institute</a>, will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.<a href="#cite_note-midwestern_collegiate-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Expanding on the work of Beyond Coal and Beyond Carbon, Bloomberg launched Beyond Petrochemicals in September 2022. The campaign takes aim at the rapid expansion of U.S. petrochemicals and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> The $85 million campaign aims to block the construction of 120 proposed petrochemical projects in Louisiana, Texas and the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio River Valley">Ohio River Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gelles-223">[223]</a> Bloomberg serves as global adviser to the winners of the <a href="/wiki/Earthshot_Prize" title="Earthshot Prize">Earthshot Prize</a>. His foundation Bloomberg Philanthropies is a founding partner of the Prize which awards £1,000,000 to each of five winners each year whose work will achieve ambitious climate and sustainability goals by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> The 2023 finalists were announced at the Earthshot Prize Innovation Summit in September 2023 in New York, and the five winners were announced in November 2023 in Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johns_Hopkins_University_philanthropy">Johns Hopkins University philanthropy</h3></div> As of 2024, Bloomberg has given more than $4.55 billion to <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, his alma mater,<a href="#cite_note-wapo-JHUmed-free-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-273">[273]</a> making him "the most generous living donor to any education institution in the United States."<a href="#cite_note-NYTUnivDonors-274">[274]</a> His first contribution, in 1965, had been $5.<a href="#cite_note-NYTUnivDonors-274">[274]</a> He made his first $1 million commitment to JHU in 1984, and subsequently became the first individual to exceed $1 billion in lifetime donations to a single U.S. institution of higher education.<a href="#cite_note-350JHU-275">[275]</a> Bloomberg's contributions to Johns Hopkins "fueled major improvements in the university's reputation and rankings, its competitiveness for faculty and students, and the appearance of its campus,"<a href="#cite_note-NYTUnivDonors-274">[274]</a> and included construction of a <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Children's Center">children's hospital</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Children's Center">Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center Building</a>, named after Bloomberg's mother); a <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> building, a school of public health (the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bloomberg_School_of_Public_Health" title="Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</a>), libraries, and biomedical research facilities,<a href="#cite_note-NYTUnivDonors-274">[274]</a> including the Institute for Cell Engineering, a <a href="/wiki/Stem-cell_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem-cell research">stem-cell research</a> institute within the <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_School_of_Medicine" title="Johns Hopkins School of Medicine">School of Medicine</a>, and the Malaria Research Institute within the School of Public Health.<a href="#cite_note-NYTUnivDonors-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-350JHU-275">[275]</a> In 2013, Bloomberg committed $350 million to Johns Hopkins, five-sevenths of which were allocated to the <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Distinguished_Professorships" title="Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships">Bloomberg Distinguished Professorships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350JHU-275">[275]</a> In 2016, Bloomberg Philanthropies contributed $300 million to establish the Bloomberg American Health Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Bloomberg also funded the launch of the <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel_Comprehensive_Cancer_Center" title="Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center">Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy</a> within the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in East Baltimore, with a $50 million gift; an additional $50 million was given by philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Kimmel" title="Sidney Kimmel">Sidney Kimmel</a>, and $25 million by other donors.<a href="#cite_note-fortune.com-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> It will support cancer therapy research, technology and infrastructure development, and private sector partnerships.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In 2016, Bloomberg joined <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> for the institute's formal launch, embracing Biden's "<a href="/wiki/Cancer_Breakthroughs_2020" title="Cancer Breakthroughs 2020">Cancer Moonshot</a>" initiative, which seeks to find a cure for cancer through national coordination of government and private sector resources.<a href="#cite_note-fortune.com-277">[277]</a> In 2018, Bloomberg contributed a further gift of $1.8 billion to Johns Hopkins, allowing the university to practice <a href="/wiki/Need-blind_admission" title="Need-blind admission">need-blind admission</a> and meet the full financial need of admitted students.<a href="#cite_note-:5-273">[273]</a> In 2024, Bloomberg announced a $1 billion gift to Johns Hopkins University to make tuition free for all medical school students whose families make under $300,000 a year, beginning in the fall of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-JHUmed-free-272">[272]</a> The donation also increases financial aid for students enrolled in nursing, public health and other graduate programs.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_educational_and_research_philanthropy">Other educational and research philanthropy</h3></div> In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying, "throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the nonprofit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> In 2015, Bloomberg donated $100 million to <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Tech" title="Cornell Tech">Cornell Tech</a>, the applied sciences graduate school of <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> on the school's Roosevelt Island campus.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg established the American Talent Initiative in 2016 which is committed to increasing the number of lower-income high-achieving students attending elite colleges.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> Bloomberg Philanthropies also supports CollegePoint which has provided advising to lower- and moderate-income high school students since 2014.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Science, Boston">Museum of Science, Boston</a> announced a $50 million gift from Bloomberg.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Bloomberg credited the museum with sparking his intellectual curiosity as a patron and student during his youth in <a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford, Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> It is the largest donation in the museum's 186-year history.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Bloomberg donated $100 million to America's four Historically Black Medical Schools in 2020 as part of Bloomberg Philanthropies' Greenwood Initiative, which tackles the racial wealth gap and addresses decades of underinvestment in Black communities.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The gift to <a href="/wiki/Meharry_Medical_College" title="Meharry Medical College">Meharry Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_University_College_of_Medicine" title="Howard University College of Medicine">Howard University College of Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morehouse_School_of_Medicine" title="Morehouse School of Medicine">Morehouse School of Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew_University_of_Medicine_and_Science" title="Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science">Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science</a> provided grants to reduce debt for students, meaning many medical students enrolled at the time and for the four years to follow would graduate free of debt.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> In 2024, Bloomberg again made a donation to the nation's Historically Black Medical Schools — this time gifting $600 million to the four schools to support their endowments.<a href="#cite_note-:9-296">[296]</a> These endowments are 'significantly underfunded' due to entrenched discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> For three of the schools, the gift will more than double the size of their endowments.<a href="#cite_note-:10-298">[298]</a> The donation also includes $5 million to help <a href="/wiki/Xavier_University_of_Louisiana" title="Xavier University of Louisiana">Xavier University</a> to establish a new medical school.<a href="#cite_note-:10-298">[298]</a> Despite underfunding, the four Historically Black Medical Schools graduate nearly half of the nation's Black doctors.<a href="#cite_note-:9-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_innovation_philanthropy">Urban innovation philanthropy</h3></div> In July 2011, Bloomberg launched a $24 million initiative to fund "Innovation Delivery Teams" in five cities. The teams are one of Bloomberg Philanthropies' key goals: advancing government innovation.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> In December 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a partnership with online ticket search engine <a href="/wiki/SeatGeek" title="SeatGeek">SeatGeek</a> to connect artists with new audiences. Called the Discover New York Arts Project, the project includes organizations HERE, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Theatre_Workshop" title="New York Theatre Workshop">New York Theatre Workshop</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaufman Center">Kaufman Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> In 2013, Bloomberg announced the Mayors Challenge competition to drive innovation in American cities. The program was later expanded to competitions in Latin America and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In 2016, Bloomberg gave Harvard $32 million to create the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative within <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Kennedy_School" title="Harvard Kennedy School">Harvard Kennedy School</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ash_Center_for_Democratic_Governance_and_Innovation" title="Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation">Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation</a>; the initiative provides training to mayors and their aides on innovative municipal leadership and challenges facing cities.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Since its founding, 275 mayors and more than 400 top city aides have gone through the program, prompting Time Magazine to call Bloomberg 'the nation's mayoral tutor.'<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> In March 2021, Bloomberg gave Harvard $150 million to create the Bloomberg Center for Cities to support mayors.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tobacco,_gun_control_and_public_health">Tobacco, gun control and public health</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Bloomberg_(48603887536).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg/220px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg/330px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg/440px-Michael_Bloomberg_%2848603887536%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>Bloomberg speaking at an Everytown for Gun Safety event in August 2019</figcaption></figure> Bloomberg has been a longtime donor to global <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_control" title="Tobacco control">tobacco control</a> efforts.<a href="#cite_note-Begley-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChaTobacco-310">[310]</a> Bloomberg has donated close to $1 billion to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) to promote anti-smoking efforts, including $125 million in 2006, $250 million in 2008, and $360 million, making Bloomberg Philanthropies the <a href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</a>'s biggest funder of tobacco-control initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-ChaTobacco-310">[310]</a> In 2013, it was reported that Bloomberg had donated $109.24 million in 556 grants and 61 countries to campaigns against tobacco.<a href="#cite_note-FMB-311">[311]</a> Bloomberg's contributions are aimed at "getting countries to monitor tobacco use, introduce strong tobacco-control laws, and create mass media campaigns to educate the public about the <a href="/wiki/Dangers_of_tobacco_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangers of tobacco use">dangers of tobacco use</a>."<a href="#cite_note-ChaTobacco-310">[310]</a> Bloomberg Philanthropies and the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Tobacco-Free_Kids" title="Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids</a> jointly launched a $160 million, three-year campaign against youth <a href="/wiki/Usage_of_electronic_cigarettes" class="mw-redirect" title="Usage of electronic cigarettes">use of electronic cigarettes</a> (vaping).<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> Bloomberg is the co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Everytown_for_Gun_Safety" title="Everytown for Gun Safety">Everytown for Gun Safety</a> (formerly Mayors Against Illegal Guns), a <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> advocacy group.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> appointed Bloomberg as its Global Ambassador for Noncommunicable Diseases.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_philanthropy">Other philanthropy</h3></div> Through Bloomberg Philanthropies, Bloomberg supported the Fresh Air Fund's creation of 'Open Spaces in the City' in summer 2020 to provide socially-distant areas for kids to play during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as jobs for local teens.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> He donated $3 million to the construction of a new public library in his hometown of Medford<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> and $75 million for <a href="/wiki/The_Shed_(arts_center)" title="The Shed (arts center)">The Shed</a>, a new arts and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_center" title="Cultural center">cultural center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards_(development)" title="Hudson Yards (development)">Hudson Yards</a>, Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> In September 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Perelman_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Perelman Performing Arts Center">Perelman Performing Arts Center</a> opened with $130 million of support from Bloomberg, who serves as its chair.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The $500 million art center is the final major piece of the redevelopment of the site where the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> once stood.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> attack on Israel in October 2023, Bloomberg committed to matching donations to the Israeli Red Cross, known as <a href="/wiki/Magen_David_Adom" title="Magen David Adom">Magen David Adom</a>. By October 19, 2023, Bloomberg had matched $25 million in donations to the ambulance and Medivac service.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> Bloomberg also endowed his hometown synagogue, Temple Shalom, which was renamed for his parents as the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> Bloomberg hosted the <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Global_Business_Forum" title="Bloomberg Global Business Forum">Global Business Forum</a> in 2017, during the annual meeting of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>; the gathering featured international CEOs, heads of state, and other prominent speakers.<a href="#cite_note-:2-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> In 2009 Bloomberg met with other billionaires such as Warren Buffett, Bill Gates, Ted Turner and Oprah Winfrey to address issues ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">environment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Healthcare">health care</a> and concerns over <a href="/wiki/Overpopulation_Debate" class="mw-redirect" title="Overpopulation Debate">population growth</a>. Although no formal organization was established, the effort was understood to be designed to help bring various philanthropic projects of the mega-donors into a more unified effort to address various problems on our planet.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg">Electoral history of Michael Bloomberg</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_relationships">Family and relationships</h3></div> In 1975, Bloomberg married Susan Elizabeth Barbara Brown, a British national from <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> They have two daughters: Emma Beth (born c. 1979) and <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Bloomberg" title="Georgina Bloomberg">Georgina Leigh</a> (born 1983), who were featured on <a href="/wiki/Born_Rich_(2003_film)" title="Born Rich (2003 film)">Born Rich</a>, a 2003 documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy. Bloomberg divorced Brown in 1993, but he has said she remains his "best friend."<a href="#cite_note-FMB-311">[311]</a> Since 2000, Bloomberg has lived with former <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Banking_Department" title="New York State Banking Department">New York state banking superintendent</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana_Taylor_(superintendent)" title="Diana Taylor (superintendent)">Diana Taylor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Emma Bloomberg was married to Chris Frissora, son of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Frissora" title="Mark Frissora">Mark Frissora</a>,<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> and they had a daughter with a hybrid surname Frissberg.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> Bloomberg's younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, has been commissioner of the New York City Commission for the United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol, since February 2002.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relation_with_the_Sackler_family">Relation with the Sackler family</h3></div> During the <a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">opioid epidemic in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Sackler" title="Mortimer Sackler">Mortimer Sackler</a> — son of a co-founder of the company, <a href="/wiki/Purdue_Pharma" title="Purdue Pharma">Purdue Pharma</a>, and a member of its board, met with Bloomberg to "seek his help and guidance on the current issues we are facing". Purdue's head of communications, Josephine Martin, added "Any positive news or ability to get our side out is through Bloomberg. We have given them exclusives and they have treated us very well." Bloomberg also advised Mortimer Sackler to consult <a href="/wiki/Stu_Loeser" title="Stu Loeser">Stu Loeser</a> to help manage communications.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> Although he attended <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew school</a>, had a <a href="/wiki/Bar_mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar mitzvah">bar mitzvah</a>, and his family kept a <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> kitchen, Bloomberg today lives a mostly secular religious life, attending synagogue mainly during the <a href="/wiki/High_Holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="High Holidays">High Holidays</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Passover Seder</a> with his sister, Marjorie Tiven.<a href="#cite_note-JTAJewishness-342">[342]</a> Neither of his daughters had bat mitzvahs, nor does either daughter follow a religiously Jewish lifestyle, such as abiding kosher dietary restrictions or keeping the Jewish sabbath.<a href="#cite_note-JTAJewishness-342">[342]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_image_and_lifestyle">Public image and lifestyle</h3></div> Throughout his business career, Bloomberg has made numerous statements which have been considered by some to be insulting, derogatory, sexist or misogynistic. When working on Wall Street in the 1960s and 1970s, Bloomberg claimed in his 1997 autobiography, he had "a girlfriend in every city".<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-bi-344">[344]</a> On various occasions, Bloomberg allegedly commented "I'd do her", regarding certain women, some of whom were coworkers or employees. Bloomberg later said that by "do", he meant that he would have a personal relationship with the woman.<a href="#cite_note-atlantic-50">[50]</a> Further, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> acquired a booklet of Bloomberg quotes, which included: "If women wanted to be appreciated for their brains, they'd go to the library instead of to Bloomingdale's."<a href="#cite_note-Kranish2020-345">[345]</a> Bloomberg's staff told the New York Times that he now regrets having made "disrespectful" remarks concerning women.<a href="#cite_note-atlantic-50">[50]</a> During his term as mayor, he lived at his own home on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Gracie_Mansion" title="Gracie Mansion">Gracie Mansion</a>, the official mayoral residence.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> In 2013, he owned 13 properties in various countries around the world, including a $20 million <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> mansion in <a href="/wiki/Southampton,_New_York" title="Southampton, New York">Southampton, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> In 2015, he acquired <a href="/wiki/4_Cheyne_Walk" title="4 Cheyne Walk">4 Cheyne Walk</a>, a historical property in <a href="/wiki/Cheyne_Walk" title="Cheyne Walk">Cheyne Walk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea, London</a>, which once belonged to writer <a href="/wiki/George_Eliot" title="George Eliot">George Eliot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> Bloomberg and his daughters own houses in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> and stay there frequently.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> Bloomberg stated that during his mayoralty, he rode the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> on a daily basis, particularly in the commute from his 79th Street home to his office at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">City Hall</a>. An August 2007 story in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> stated that he was often seen chauffeured by two <a href="/wiki/New_York_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Police Department">New York Police Department</a>-owned SUVs to an express train station to avoid having to change from the local to the express trains on the <a href="/wiki/IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line" title="IRT Lexington Avenue Line">IRT Lexington Avenue Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> He supported the construction of the <a href="/wiki/7_Subway_Extension" title="7 Subway Extension">7 Subway Extension</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_Subway" title="Second Avenue Subway">Second Avenue Subway</a>; in December 2013, Bloomberg took a ceremonial ride on a train to the new <a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(IRT_Flushing_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="34th Street (IRT Flushing Line)">34th Street</a> station to celebrate a part of his legacy as mayor.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> During his tenure as mayor, Bloomberg made cameos playing himself in the films <a href="/wiki/The_Adjustment_Bureau" title="The Adjustment Bureau">The Adjustment Bureau</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_(2011_film)" title="New Year's Eve (2011 film)">New Year's Eve</a>, as well as in episodes of <a href="/wiki/30_Rock" title="30 Rock">30 Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curb_Your_Enthusiasm" title="Curb Your Enthusiasm">Curb Your Enthusiasm</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Wife" title="The Good Wife">The Good Wife</a>, and two episodes of <a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order" title="Law & Order">Law & Order</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Bloomberg is a private pilot.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> He owns six airplanes: three <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">Dassault Falcon 900s</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air#Super_King_Air_300/350" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Beechcraft B300</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-24" title="Pilatus PC-24">Pilatus PC-24</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Cessna_182_Skylane" title="Cessna 182 Skylane">Cessna 182 Skylane</a>. Bloomberg also owns two helicopters: an <a href="/wiki/AW109" class="mw-redirect" title="AW109">AW109</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Helicopters" title="Airbus Helicopters">Airbus helicopter</a><a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> and as of 2012 was near the top of the waiting list for an <a href="/wiki/AW609" class="mw-redirect" title="AW609">AW609</a> tiltrotor aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-nyt609-358">[358]</a> In his youth he was a licensed <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio_operator" title="Amateur radio operator">amateur radio operator</a>, was proficient in <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a>, and built <a href="/wiki/Ham_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ham radio">ham radios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> Bloomberg's fortune is managed by <a href="/wiki/Willett_Advisors" title="Willett Advisors">Willett Advisors</a>, an investment firm that serves as his <a href="/wiki/Family_office" title="Family office">family office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> In 2024, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> awarded Bloomberg the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, the Nation's highest civilian honor.<a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-3">[3]</a> Bloomberg has received <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degrees</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller University</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (2008),<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a> (2009),<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (2014),<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (2014),<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (2016),<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Villanova_University" title="Villanova University">Villanova University</a> (2017) <a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> (2019).<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> Bloomberg was the speaker for <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>'s 2011 <a href="/wiki/Baccalaureate_service" title="Baccalaureate service">baccalaureate service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> On May 27, 2010, Bloomberg delivered the commencement speech at his alma mater, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> In addition, he was invited to and delivered guest remarks for the Johns Hopkins Class of 2020. Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and Commencement speaker <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ohanian" title="Alexis Ohanian">Alexis Ohanian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> Bloomberg has received the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Management" title="Yale School of Management">Yale School of Management</a>'s Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets (2003);<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> (2004);<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a>'s Barnard Medal of Distinction (2008);<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a> <a href="/wiki/Leadership_for_Healthy_Communities" title="Leadership for Healthy Communities">Leadership for Healthy Communities</a>' Healthy Communities Leadership Award (2009);<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Awards Foundation">Jefferson Awards Foundation</a>'s U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official (2010).<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> He was the inaugural laureate of the annual <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Prize" title="Genesis Prize">Genesis Prize</a> for Jewish values in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> and donated the $1 million prize money to a global competition, the Genesis Generation Challenge, to identify young adults' big ideas to better the world.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> Bloomberg was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007 and 2008 <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">Time 100</a>.<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> ranked him #7 in its "Vanity Fair 100" list of influential figures.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> In 2014, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> appointed Bloomberg an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> for his "prodigious entrepreneurial and philanthropic endeavors, and the many ways in which they have benefited the United Kingdom and the U.K.-U.S. special relationship."<a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_and_other_works">Books and other works</h2></div> Bloomberg, with <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Winkler_(journalist)" title="Matthew Winkler (journalist)">Matthew Winkler</a>, wrote an autobiography, Bloomberg by Bloomberg, published in 1997 by <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> A second edition was released in 2019, ahead of Bloomberg's presidential run.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> Bloomberg and former Sierra Club Executive Director <a href="/wiki/Carl_Pope_(environmentalist)" title="Carl Pope (environmentalist)">Carl Pope</a> co-authored <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hope" title="Climate of Hope">Climate of Hope</a>: How Cities, Businesses, and Citizens Can Save the Planet (2017), published by <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>; the book appeared on the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">New York Times hardcover nonfiction best-seller list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a><a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> Bloomberg has written a number of <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-eds</a> in The New York Times about various issues, including an op-ed supporting state and local efforts to fight <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> (2017),<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> an op-ed about his donation of $1.8 billion in financial aid for college students and support for <a href="/wiki/Need-blind_admission" title="Need-blind admission">need-blind admission</a> policies (2018);<a href="#cite_note-393">[393]</a> an op-ed supporting a ban on flavored <a href="/wiki/E-cigarette" class="mw-redirect" title="E-cigarette">e-cigarettes</a> (2019);<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> and an op-ed supporting policies to reduce <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> (2020).<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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Barnard College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barnard.edu/commencement/archives/past-speakers-medalists">the original</a> on April 18, 2011. 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Retrieved February 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+to+give+away+%241m.+Genesis+Prize+to+fund+big+ideas+based+on+Jewish+values&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fbloomberg-to-give-away-1m-genesis-prize-to-fund-big-ideas-based-on-jewish-values&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Kennedy, Robert F. Jr. (April 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130822203709/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733754_1735904,00.html">"The 2008 TIME 100"</a>. Time. 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The New York Times. No. 56, 647. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved October 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+Is+Honored+%28But+Don%27t+Call+Him+Sir%29&rft.issue=56%2C+647&rft.date=2014-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Flegenheimer&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F10%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fbloomberg-named-an-honorary-knight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> Michael R. Bloomberg, Bloomberg by Bloomberg (Wiley, 1997). </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> Ben Fountain, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2019/05/23/howard-schultz-michael-bloomberg-billionaires/">Book Review: O Billionaires!</a>, New Yorker (May 23, 2019). </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> Aaron Timms, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b1cymwd84kwwlg/Michael-Bloomberg-Earned-48-Billion-and-Eternal-Adoration-From-Wall-Street-But-Does-Anyone-Else-Want-Him-to-Be-President">Michael Bloomberg Earned $48 Billion and Eternal Adoration From Wall Street. But Does Anyone Else Want Him to Be President?</a>, Institutional Investor (February 1, 2019). </li> <li id="cite_note-390"><a href="#cite_ref-390">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2016/12/exclusive-look-at-michael-bloomberg-and-carl-popes-new-book.html">"An Exclusive Look at Michael Bloomberg and Carl Pope's Book on Climate Change"</a>. Daily Intelligencer. December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Intelligencer&rft.atitle=An+Exclusive+Look+at+Michael+Bloomberg+and+Carl+Pope%27s+Book+on+Climate+Change&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2016%2F12%2Fexclusive-look-at-michael-bloomberg-and-carl-popes-new-book.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-391"><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2017/05/14/hardcover-nonfiction/">"Hardcover Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers"</a>. The New York Times. May 14, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hardcover+Nonfiction+Books+%E2%80%93+Best+Sellers&rft.date=2017-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fbest-sellers%2F2017%2F05%2F14%2Fhardcover-nonfiction%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> Michael R. Bloomberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/opinion/climate-progress-with-or-without-trump.html">Climate Progress, With or Without Trump</a>, New York Times (March 31, 2017). </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> Michael R. Bloomberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/opinion/bloomberg-college-donation-financial-aid.html">Michael Bloomberg: Why I'm Giving $1.8 Billion for College Financial Aid</a>, New York Times (November 18, 2018). </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> Michael R. Bloomberg & Matt Myers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/10/opinion/vape-deaths-children-bloomberg.html">Ban Flavored E-Cigarettes to Protect Our Children</a>, New York Times (September 10, 2019). </li> <li id="cite_note-395"><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a> Michael R. Bloomberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/opinion/mike-bloomberg-tax-2020.html">Fixing Inequality Is My Priority</a>, New York Times (February 6, 2020). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrash2010" class="citation book cs1">Brash, Julian (2010). Bloomberg's New York: Class and Governance in the Luxury City. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820335667" title="Special:BookSources/9780820335667"><bdi>9780820335667</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46njt6">j.ctt46njt6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bloomberg%27s+New+York%3A+Class+and+Governance+in+the+Luxury+City&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt46njt6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780820335667&rft.aulast=Brash&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"> Uses anthropology and geography to examine the mayor's corporate-style governance, with particular attention to the Hudson Yards plan, which aims to transform the far West Side into a high-end district.</li> <li>Brash, Julian. "The ghost in the machine: the neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg." Journal of Cultural Geography 29.2 (2012): 135–153.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrash2012" class="citation journal cs1">Brash, Julian (2012). "The ghost in the machine: The neoliberal urban visions of Michael Bloomberg". Journal of Cultural Geography. 29 (2): 135–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08873631.2012.687535">10.1080/08873631.2012.687535</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0887-3631">0887-3631</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144586994">144586994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cultural+Geography&rft.atitle=The+ghost+in+the+machine%3A+The+neoliberal+urban+visions+of+Michael+Bloomberg&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=135-153&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144586994%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0887-3631&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08873631.2012.687535&rft.aulast=Brash&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid2012" class="citation book cs1">David, Greg (April 10, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XJfWY9pmfJkC">Modern New York: The Life and Economics of a City</a>. St. Martin's Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00040-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-00040-8"><bdi>978-1-137-00040-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+New+York%3A+The+Life+and+Economics+of+a+City&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft.isbn=978-1-137-00040-8&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXJfWY9pmfJkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2014" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Richard (2014). "Nanny Bloomberg". Society. 51 (3): 253–257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12115-014-9772-3">10.1007/s12115-014-9772-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:189869991">189869991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society&rft.atitle=Nanny+Bloomberg&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=253-257&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12115-014-9772-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A189869991%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Bloomberg" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McNickle, Chris. Bloomberg: A Billionaire's Ambition (Simon and Schuster, 2017), scholarly study of mayoralty <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OjaCDwAAQBAJ&dq=mcnickle++Bloomberg&pg=PA1401">online</a></li> <li>Randolph, Eleanor. The many lives of Michael Bloomberg (Simon & Schuster, 2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hn0eEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Michael+Bloomberg%22&pg=PA1">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <ul><li>Bloomberg, Michael R. Bloomberg by Bloomberg (2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GIV1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Michael+Bloomberg%22&pg=PR7">online</a>.</li> <li>Bloomberg, Michael R. et al. The Mayor's Management Report: 2011 . <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capalino.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/0211_mmr.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Michael Bloomberg at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Bloomberg" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Michael Bloomberg">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Michael_Bloomberg" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Michael Bloomberg">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" class="extiw" title="q:Michael Bloomberg">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikebloomberg.com/">Mike Bloomberg</a> official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.org/team/michael-bloomberg/">Mike Blomberg biography</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ontheissues.org/Mike_Bloomberg.htm">Issue positions and quotes</a> at <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131123133633/http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/index.page">Office of the Mayor of New York City</a> (Archived November 23, 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?42788">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/michaelbloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/michael_r_bloomberg/index.html">Michael Bloomberg</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> 1981–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lex Fenwick</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Doctoroff" title="Daniel L. Doctoroff">Daniel L. Doctoroff</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Executive Officer">Chief Executive Officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> 2014–2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_election,_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City mayoral election, 2001">2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_election,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City mayoral election, 2005">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_election,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City mayoral election, 2009">2009</a> (Endorsed) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lhota" title="Joe Lhota">Joe Lhota</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> 2002–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc;">Other offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Sirangelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Sirangelo (page does not exist)">Mark Sirangelo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Innovation_Board" title="Defense Innovation Board">Defense Innovation Board</a> 2022–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 232 electoral votes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_elections" title="2020 United States elections">2020 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_predictions" title="2020 United States presidential election predictions">Predictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections">Postal voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2020 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2020 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2020_United_States_presidential_electors" title="List of 2020 United States presidential electors">Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2021 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Oregon" title="Independent Party of Oregon">IPO</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_forums" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential forums">Forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_automatic_delegates_at_the_2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of automatic delegates at the 2020 Democratic National Convention">automatic delegates</a>)</li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biden-Sanders_Unity_Task_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden-Sanders Unity Task Forces">Unity Task Forces</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements_from_organizations" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign endorsements from organizations">organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_U.S._Congress_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign U.S. Congress endorsements">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_state_and_territorial_legislative_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign state and territorial legislative endorsements">state & territorial officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign_municipal_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign municipal endorsements">municipal officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bennet" title="Michael Bennet">Michael Bennet</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michael_Bloomberg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Michael_Bloomberg" title="Political positions of Michael Bloomberg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pete_Buttigieg_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Pete_Buttigieg" title="Political positions of Pete Buttigieg">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Political positions of Tulsi Gabbard">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amy_Klobuchar_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Amy Klobuchar 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Amy_Klobuchar" title="Political positions of Amy Klobuchar">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Media coverage of Bernie Sanders">media coverage</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Steyer" title="Tom Steyer">Tom Steyer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elizabeth_Warren_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Elizabeth_Warren" title="Political positions of Elizabeth Warren">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andrew_Yang_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cory_Booker_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cory_Booker" title="Political positions of Cory Booker">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bullock_(American_politician)" title="Steve Bullock (American politician)">Steve Bullock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Delaney (Maryland politician)">John Delaney</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Delaney_2020_presidential_campaign" title="John Delaney 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Delaney" title="Political positions of John Delaney">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Political positions of Kirsten Gillibrand">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Gleib" title="Ben Gleib">Ben Gleib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Hickenlooper" title="John Hickenlooper">John Hickenlooper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee" title="Jay Inslee">Jay Inslee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jay_Inslee_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jay Inslee 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Messam" title="Wayne Messam">Wayne Messam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ojeda" title="Richard Ojeda">Richard Ojeda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke" title="Beto O'Rourke">Beto O'Rourke</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Beto_O%27Rourke_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Beto O'Rourke 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Ryan_(Ohio_politician)" title="Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)">Tim Ryan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Eric Swalwell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_debates" title="2020 Republican Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Incumbent nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud" title="Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud">GOP reactions to fraud claims</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Walsh 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Weld 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Mark Sanford</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Mark Sanford 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jo_Jorgensen_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jo Jorgensen 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spike_Cohen" title="Spike Cohen">Spike Cohen</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adam_Kokesh" title="Adam Kokesh">Adam Kokesh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Monds" title="John Monds">John Monds</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Vermin Supreme 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before or during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zoltan_Istvan" title="Zoltan Istvan">Zoltan Istvan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Formed exploratory committee but did not run</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">LMN</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">SPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2020_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2020 Green Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2020 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Green_National_Convention" title="2020 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Howie_Hawkins_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Walker</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Don_Blankenship" title="Don Blankenship">Don Blankenship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Other third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #385AA3;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></li> <li>VP nominee: Darcy Richardson</li> <li>AIP VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Max_Abramson" title="Max Abramson">Max Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_T._Carroll" title="Brian T. Carroll">Brian T. Carroll</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #791a52;"><a href="/wiki/Birthday_Party_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday Party (political party)">Birthday Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2020_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 Black;"><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Roses_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread and Roses (political party)">Bread and Roses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Union Party">LUP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a> (withdrew)</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Dario Hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins_(politician)" title="Phil Collins (politician)">Phil Collins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election">Independent candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/VoiceoverPete" title="VoiceoverPete">Pete Accetturo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Charles" title="Mark Charles">Mark Charles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brock_Pierce" title="Brock Pierce">Brock Pierce</a> (▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a> nominee)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jade_Simmons" title="Jade Simmons">Jade Simmons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Caravello" title="Perry Caravello">Perry Caravello</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gable" title="Jeremy Gable">Jeremy Gable</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests" title="2020–21 United States election protests">Protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">during inauguration week</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">U.S. Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment of Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_commission" title="January 6 commission">January 6 commission</a></li></ul></li> <li>reactions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot" title="Trump fake electors plot">Trump fake electors plot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Arizona prosecution of fake electors">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution" title="Georgia election racketeering prosecution">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_prosecution_of_fake_electors" title="Michigan prosecution of fake electors">Michigan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call" title="Trump–Raffensperger phone call">Trump–Raffensperger phone call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_memos" title="Eastman memos">Eastman memos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Pre-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed before Election Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election">Filed during or after Election Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Arizona" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Georgia" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Michigan" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Nevada" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Pennsylvania" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election_from_Wisconsin" title="Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election from Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania" title="Texas v. Pennsylvania">Texas v. Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference" title="Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference">Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2020_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2020 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_efforts_to_restrict_voting_following_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election">Voting restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_New_York_City_since_the_1898_consolidation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_New_York_City" title="Template:Mayors of New York City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Mayors of New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_New_York_City_since_the_1898_consolidation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">Mayors of New York City</a> since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City#Early_20th_century:_1898–1945" title="History of New York City">1898 consolidation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anderson_Van_Wyck" title="Robert Anderson Van Wyck">Van Wyck</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Low" title="Seth Low">Low</a> (1902–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan_Jr." title="George B. McClellan Jr.">McClellan</a> (1904–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Gaynor" title="William Jay Gaynor">Gaynor</a> (1910–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardolph_L._Kline" title="Ardolph L. Kline">Kline</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Purroy_Mitchel" title="John Purroy Mitchel">Mitchel</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Hylan" title="John Francis Hylan">Hylan</a> (1918–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Collins" title="William T. Collins">Collins</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Walker" title="Jimmy Walker">Walker</a> (1926–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_V._McKee" title="Joseph V. McKee">McKee</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._O%27Brien" title="John P. O'Brien">O'Brien</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a> (1934–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Dwyer" title="William O'Dwyer">O'Dwyer</a> (1946–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_R._Impellitteri" title="Vincent R. Impellitteri">Impelitteri</a> (1950–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr." title="Robert F. Wagner Jr.">Wagner</a> (1954–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">Lindsay</a> (1966–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Beame" title="Abraham Beame">Beame</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Koch</a> (1978–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dinkins" title="David Dinkins">Dinkins</a> (1990–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Giuliani</a> (1994–2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bloomberg</a> (2002–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">de Blasio</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Adams</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Party_nominees_for_mayor_of_New_York_City_since_the_1898_consolidation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Republican_NYC_mayoral_nominees" title="Template:Republican NYC mayoral nominees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Republican_NYC_mayoral_nominees" title="Template talk:Republican NYC mayoral nominees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republican_NYC_mayoral_nominees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Republican NYC mayoral nominees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party_nominees_for_mayor_of_New_York_City_since_the_1898_consolidation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> nominees for <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">mayor of New York City</a> since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">1898 consolidation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Tracy" title="Benjamin F. Tracy">Benjamin F. Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Low" title="Seth Low">Seth Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mills_Ivins_Sr." title="William Mills Ivins Sr.">William Mills Ivins Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Bannard" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Bannard">Otto Bannard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Purroy_Mitchel" title="John Purroy Mitchel">John Purroy Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Bennett" title="William M. Bennett">William M. Bennett</a></li> <li>Henry H. Curran</li> <li>Frank D. Waterman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_H._Pounds" title="Lewis H. Pounds">Lewis H. Pounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_J._Goldstein" title="Jonah J. Goldstein">Jonah J. Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbold_Morris" title="Newbold Morris">Newbold Morris</a></li> <li>Edward F. Corsi</li> <li>Harold Riegelman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Christenberry" title="Robert K. Christenberry">Robert K. Christenberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lefkowitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Lefkowitz">Louis Lefkowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Marchi" title="John J. Marchi">John J. Marchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_M._Goodman" title="Roy M. Goodman">Roy M. Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a></li> <li>Diane McGrath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lhota" title="Joe Lhota">Joe Lhota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">Nicole Malliotakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Sliwa" title="Curtis Sliwa">Curtis Sliwa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left:1.0em;"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Mayor_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bloomberg_L.P." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bloomberg" title="Template:Bloomberg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bloomberg" title="Template talk:Bloomberg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bloomberg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bloomberg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bloomberg_L.P." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquartered at <a href="/wiki/731_Lexington_Avenue" title="731 Lexington Avenue">731 Lexington Avenue</a> in New York City</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Tradebook" title="Bloomberg Tradebook">Bloomberg Tradebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Terminal" title="Bloomberg Terminal">Bloomberg Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Industry_Group" title="Bloomberg Industry Group">Bloomberg Industry Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Government" title="Bloomberg Government">Bloomberg Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Law" title="Bloomberg Law">Bloomberg Law</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.#New_Energy_Finance" title="Bloomberg L.P.">BloombergNEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Innovation_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Innovation Index">Bloomberg Innovation Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg Politics">Bloomberg Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_View" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg View">Bloomberg Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Technology" title="Bloomberg Technology">Bloomberg Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.#Bloomberg_Pursuits" title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg Pursuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BloombergQuint" class="mw-redirect" title="BloombergQuint">BloombergQuint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Television" title="Bloomberg Television">Bloomberg Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNN_Bloomberg" title="BNN Bloomberg">BNN Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Radio" title="Bloomberg Radio">Bloomberg Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFTE" title="CFTE">CFTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBBR" title="WBBR">WBBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNBP" title="WNBP">WNBP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Markets" title="Bloomberg Markets">Bloomberg Markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Grauer" title="Peter Grauer">Peter Grauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Secunda" title="Thomas Secunda">Thomas Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_L._Doctoroff" title="Daniel L. Doctoroff">Daniel Doctoroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Micklethwait" title="John Micklethwait">John Micklethwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Winkler_(journalist)" title="Matthew Winkler (journalist)">Matthew Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_B._Smith" title="Justin B. Smith">Justin B. Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index" title="Bloomberg Billionaires Index">Bloomberg Billionaires Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/50_Most_Influential_(Bloomberg_ranking)" title="50 Most Influential (Bloomberg ranking)">50 Most Influential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P._v._Board_of_Governors_of_the_Federal_Reserve_System" title="Bloomberg L.P. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System">Bloomberg v. Federal Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Beta" title="Bloomberg Beta">Bloomberg Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Philanthropies" title="Bloomberg Philanthropies">Bloomberg Philanthropies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States_by_state" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States_by_state" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wealthiest people in the United States by state</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0em 0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Rane" title="Jimmy Rane">Jimmy Rane</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Hyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Hyde (page does not exist)">Leonard Hyde</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Rubini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Rubini (page does not exist)">Jonathan Rubini</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Garcia_II" title="Ernest Garcia II">Ernest Garcia II</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Walton" title="Jim Walton">Jim Walton</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Anschutz" title="Philip Anschutz">Philip Anschutz</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(businessman)" title="Steve Cohen (businessman)">Steve Cohen</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/W._L._Gore_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="W. L. Gore and Associates">Elizabeth Snyder</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Chick-fil-A" title="Chick-fil-A">The Cathys</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar" title="Pierre Omidyar">Pierre Omidyar</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._VanderSloot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank L. VanderSloot">Frank VanderSloot</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Lukas_Walton" title="Lukas Walton">Lukas Walton</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Cook" title="Carl Cook">Carl Cook</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Stine_(businessman)" title="Harry Stine (businessman)">Harry Stine</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Gustavson" title="Tamara Gustavson">Tamara Gustavson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Graves_(entrepreneur)" title="Todd Graves (entrepreneur)">Todd Graves</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Alfond" title="Susan Alfond">Susan Alfond</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lerner" title="Ted Lerner">Annette Lerner</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Johnson" title="Abigail Johnson">Abigail Johnson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gilbert" title="Dan Gilbert">Daniel Gilbert</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Taylor" title="Glen Taylor">Glen Taylor</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/James_Duff_(businessman)" title="James Duff (businessman)">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Duff_(businessman)" title="Thomas Duff (businessman)">Thomas Duff</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Morris_(businessman)" title="Johnny Morris (businessman)">John Morris</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Washington" title="Dennis Washington">Dennis Washington</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Adelson" title="Miriam Adelson">Miriam Adelson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Cohen" title="Richard B. Cohen">Richard B. Cohen</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Rocco_B._Commisso" title="Rocco B. Commisso">Rocco B. Commisso</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Corio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Corio (page does not exist)">Ron Corio</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Bloomberg</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/James_Goodnight" title="James Goodnight">James Goodnight</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Tharaldson" title="Gary Tharaldson">Gary Tharaldson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Les_Wexner" title="Les Wexner">Les Wexner</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hamm" title="Harold Hamm">Harold Hamm</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Knight" title="Phil Knight">Phil Knight</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Yass" title="Jeff Yass">Jeff Yass</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_M._Nelson" title="Jonathan M. Nelson">Jonathan Nelson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Faith" title="Bob Faith">Bob Faith</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/T._Denny_Sanford" title="T. Denny Sanford">T. Denny Sanford</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Frist_Jr." title="Thomas F. Frist Jr.">Thomas Frist Jr.</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Gail_Miller_(businesswoman)" title="Gail Miller (businesswoman)">Gail Miller</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Abele" title="John Abele">John Abele</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Mars" title="Jacqueline Mars">Jacqueline Mars</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Brad_D._Smith" title="Brad D. Smith">Brad D. Smith</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Menard_Jr." title="John Menard Jr.">John Menard Jr.</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Franklyn_Mars" title="John Franklyn Mars">John Mars</a></div></div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114991878">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/160543179">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/384654/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpjjbHHPMfwhYKyPf7fv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134115317">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n96119073">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135416543">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135416543">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00665941">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11113031?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500274366">ULAN</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd134115317.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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