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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa_Rica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa_Rica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Costa Rica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa_Rica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dominican_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dominican_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Dominican Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dominican_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Salvador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Salvador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>El Salvador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Salvador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guatemala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guatemala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Guatemala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guatemala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honduras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honduras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Honduras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honduras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicaragua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicaragua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Nicaragua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicaragua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Panama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paraguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paraguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Paraguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paraguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Puerto_Rico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puerto_Rico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>Puerto Rico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puerto_Rico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Popular styles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular styles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nueva_canción" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nueva_canción"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Nueva canción</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nueva_canción-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Salsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_trap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_trap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Latin trap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_trap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reggaetón" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reggaetón"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Reggaetón</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reggaetón-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin_ballad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_ballad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Latin ballad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_ballad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Latin America</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4" title="লাতিন আমেরিকার সঙ্গীত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাতিন আমেরিকার সঙ্গীত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_llatinoamericana" title="Música llatinoamericana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Música llatinoamericana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinskoamerick%C3%A1_hudba" title="Latinskoamerická hudba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Latinskoamerická hudba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinamerikanische_Musik" title="Lateinamerikanische Musik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lateinamerikanische Musik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_de_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="Música de América Latina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Música de América Latina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-Amerika_muziko" title="Latin-Amerika muziko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latin-Amerika muziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="موسیقی آمریکای لاتین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موسیقی آمریکای لاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_latino-am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Musique latino-américaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Musique latino-américaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%8C%EC%95%85" title="라틴아메리카의 음악 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴아메리카의 음악" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musica_latina" title="Musica latina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Musica latina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מוזיקה לטינו-אמריקאית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוזיקה לטינו-אמריקאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_Amerikos_muzika" title="Lotynų Amerikos muzika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lotynų Amerikos muzika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijns-Amerikaanse_muziek" title="Latijns-Amerikaanse muziek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Latijns-Amerikaanse muziek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD" title="ラテン音楽 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテン音楽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzyka_latynoameryka%C5%84ska" title="Muzyka latynoamerykańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muzyka latynoamerykańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_da_Am%C3%A9rica_Latina" title="Música da América Latina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Música da América Latina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzic%C4%83_latino" title="Muzică latino – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muzică latino" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латиноамериканская музыка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латиноамериканская музыка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzika_latino-amerikane" title="Muzika latino-amerikane – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muzika latino-amerikane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latin music" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinskoamerick%C3%A1_hudba" title="Latinskoamerická hudba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latinskoamerická hudba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinalaisen_Amerikan_musiikki" title="Latinalaisen Amerikan musiikki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latinalaisen Amerikan musiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinamerikansk_musik" title="Latinamerikansk musik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latinamerikansk musik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Латиноамериканська музика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латиноамериканська музика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%A1c_M%E1%BB%B9_Latinh" title="Nhạc Mỹ Latinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhạc Mỹ Latinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="拉丁美洲音乐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁美洲音乐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q727781#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22">"Music of Latin America"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Music+of+Latin+America%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Broaden plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-broaden" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Music of Latin America</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Music of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Music of Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Music_and_art" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous American music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">Music of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music" title="Classical music">Classical music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canzone_napoletana" title="Canzone napoletana">Canzone napoletana</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">16th century, Latin America</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%A9_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Axé (music)">Axé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai%C3%A3o_(music)" title="Baião (music)">Baião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambuco" title="Bambuco">Bambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda (music)">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batucada" title="Batucada">Batucada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo" title="Boogaloo">Boogaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">Bossa nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cha-cha-cha (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">Dembow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filin_(music)" title="Filin (music)">Filin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">Forró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huapango" title="Huapango">Huapango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">Huayno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambada" title="Lambada">Lambada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lundu_(dance)" title="Lundu (dance)">Lundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">Pagode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pambiche" title="Pambiche">Pambiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payada" title="Payada">Payada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondalla" title="Rondalla">Rondalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja" class="mw-redirect" title="Música sertaneja">Sertanejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Son (music)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">Son jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_Jarocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Son Jarocho">Son Jarocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">Son montuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songo_music" title="Songo music">Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_Caliente_music" title="Tierra Caliente music">Tierra Caliente music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ADo_rom%C3%A1ntico" title="Trío romántico">Trío romántico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuc" title="Xuc">Xuc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Alternative">Alternative</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>music of Latin America</b> refers to music originating from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>-speaking regions of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> south of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Torres_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin American music also incorporate the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Music_and_art" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous music of Latin America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its highly <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> nature, Latin American music encompasses a wide variety of styles, including influential genres such as <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">bachata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">merengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">rumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Son (music)">son</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">tango</a>. During the 20th century, many styles were influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">music of the United States</a> giving rise to genres such as <a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">hip hop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a>. </p><p>Geographically, it usually refers to the Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions of Latin America,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but sometimes includes Francophone countries and territories of the Caribbean and South America as well. It also encompasses Latin American styles that have originated in the United States such as, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a>, various forms of <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>-<a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican rap">Nuyorican rap</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chicano_rap" title="Chicano rap">Chicano rap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Torres_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torres-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americas in the 16th century, when the European settlers brought their music from overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Latin American music is performed in Spanish and Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music_styles_by_country_and_territory">Popular music styles by country and territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Popular music styles by country and territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Music of Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_cone_music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern cone music (page does not exist)">Southern cone music</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg/250px-Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg/375px-Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg/500px-Soledad_Pastorutti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Pastorutti" title="Soledad Pastorutti">Soledad Pastorutti</a> in the White Room of the <a href="/wiki/Casa_Rosada" title="Casa Rosada">Pink House</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>It is unclear on the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Tango" title="Tango">tango</a>, though musicologists collectively agree that it most likely originated in Germany in 1860 as a form of religious music in organless churches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Argentine writer <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a> believes the genre to have originated in <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothels</a> in the country, though editors of <i>World Music: The Rough Guide</i> (2000), called Borges' statement "a little presumptive". They pinpoint the early developments of tango to the <a href="/wiki/Porte%C3%B1o" title="Porteño">porteño</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, most likely at bars. Tango became an urban music scene, which was a result of a <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> of European immigrants, <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">criollos</a>, blacks, and native populations. Tango is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Andalusia" title="Music of Andalusia">Andalusian flamenco</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Contradanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Contradanse">contradanse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Italy" title="Music of Italy">southern Italian melodies</a>, Cuban <a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">habanera</a>, African <a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">candombe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">percussion</a>. German <a href="/wiki/Polka_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Polka music">polkas</a>, Polish <a href="/wiki/Mazurka" title="Mazurka">mazurkas</a>, and Argentine <a href="/wiki/Guanchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanchos">Guanchos</a> <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">milonga</a>. In its early history, tango music was associated with brawls at brothels and knife-wielding womanizing men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1914, men outnumbered women in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> by 100,000, leading to an increased rate of prostitution and the brothel lifestyle that came with it. Men would often dance at cafes and bars and try to outdo one another with improvised dance steps in an attempt to attract a woman. </p><p>Their dances were characterized by "showy yet threatening, predatory quality, often revolving around a possessive relationship between two men and one woman". In its original form, tango music included the violin, guitar, and flute. By the end of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">bandoneon</a> was introduced. One of the instrument's early pioneers, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Arolas" title="Eduardo Arolas">Eduardo Arolas</a>, was called the "Tiger of the Bandoneon". Arolas believed the instrument was made to play in tango. <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Greco" title="Vicente Greco">Vicente Greco</a> is credited with standardizing tango with his group, Orquesta Tipica Criolla, by using two violins and two bandoneons. The instrumentation of tango remained largely unchanged until the 1940s. Tango music began playing in populated areas such as fairgrounds and streets in Buenos Aires. It contained lyrics that were "sometimes obscene and deeply fatalistic". Similar to families in the United States during the rise of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, families in the area tried to shield their children from tango.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upper-classmen began taking an interest in tango, writer <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Guiraldes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ricardo Guiraldes">Ricardo Guiraldes</a> performed tango during a tour of Europe in 1910 and has been credited with introducing tango in Europe. Guiraldes' introduction made tango the first <a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Latin dance</a> to gain popularity in Europe. Actor <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a> performed the tango in his film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Horseman_of_the_Apocalypse" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Horseman of the Apocalypse">The Four Horseman of the Apocalypse</a></i> (1926), with <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> taking advantage of "[Valentino's] charisma, the magnetism of tango, and the attraction they both had on a huge public".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other styles of music in Argentina include the <a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a>. Modern rhythms include <a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a> (music from the Cordoba Province) and <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Electrotango</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine rock</a> (known locally as <i>rock nacional</i>) was most popular during the 1980s, and remains Argentina's most popular music. <i>Rock en español</i> was first popular in Argentina, then swept through other Hispanic American countries and Spain. The movement was known as the "Argentine Wave". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bolivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Music of Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arce_Lemaitre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Arce_Lemaitre.jpg/100px-Arce_Lemaitre.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Arce_Lemaitre.jpg/150px-Arce_Lemaitre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Arce_Lemaitre.jpg/200px-Arce_Lemaitre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Arce" title="Claudia Arce">Claudia Arce</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivian</a> music is perhaps the most strongly linked to its native population among the national styles of South America. After the nationalistic period of the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Aymara_ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Aymara ethnic group">Aymara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quechua_people" title="Quechua people">Quechuan</a> culture became more widely accepted, and their folk music evolved into a more pop-like sound. <a href="/wiki/Los_Kjarkas" title="Los Kjarkas">Los Kjarkas</a> played a pivotal role in this fusion. Other forms of native music (such as <a href="/wiki/Huay%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Huayño">huayños</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caporales" title="Caporales">caporales</a>) are also widely played. <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a> is another popular genre. There are also lesser-known regional forms, such as the music from Santa Cruz and Tarija (where styles such as <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a> are popular). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Music of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%A9_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Axé Music">Axé Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bossa_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossa Nova">Bossa Nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tropicalismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropicalismo">Tropicalismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja" class="mw-redirect" title="Música sertaneja">Música sertaneja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">Pagode</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagofunk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagofunk (page does not exist)">Pagofunk</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazilian_singer,_Daniela_Mercury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg/220px-Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg/330px-Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg/440px-Brazilian_singer%2C_Daniela_Mercury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Mercury" title="Daniela Mercury">Daniela Mercury</a> in 2010.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Atraente_chiquinha_pixinguinha.ogg" title="File:Atraente chiquinha pixinguinha.ogg">Atraente</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="167" data-mwtitle="Atraente_chiquinha_pixinguinha.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Atraente_chiquinha_pixinguinha.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Atraente_chiquinha_pixinguinha.ogg/Atraente_chiquinha_pixinguinha.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a> "Atraente", composed by <a href="/wiki/Chiquinha_Gonzaga" title="Chiquinha Gonzaga">Chiquinha Gonzaga</a>, recorded by <a href="/wiki/Pixinguinha" title="Pixinguinha">Pixinguinha</a> (saxophone) and <a href="/wiki/Benedito_Lacerda" title="Benedito Lacerda">Benedito Lacerda</a> (flute). Choro is a genre of Brazilian instrumental music</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Brazil is a large, diverse country with a long history of popular-musical development, ranging from the early-20th-century innovation of <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a> to the modern <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">Bossa nova</a> is internationally well-known, and <a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">Forró</a> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[foˈʁɔ]</a></span>) is also widely known and popular in Brazil. Lambada is influenced by rhythms like cumbia and merengue. <a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a> (also known as Brazilian funk) is also a highly popular style, including tamborzão rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Music of Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Canci%C3%B3n_Chilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva Canción Chilena">Nueva Canción Chilena</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg/250px-Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg/375px-Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg/500px-Los_Prisioneros_-_Revista_Pelo_Argentina_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Prisioneros" title="Los Prisioneros">Los Prisioneros</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many musical genres are native to Chile; one of the most popular was the Chilean Romantic <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a>, exemplified by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Americo" title="Americo">Americo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leo_Rey" title="Leo Rey">Leo Rey</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Canci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Nueva Canción">Nueva Canción</a> originated in the 1960s and 1970s and spread in popularity until the <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a>, when most musicians were arrested, killed or exiled. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Central_Chile" title="Central Chile">Central Chile</a>, several styles can be found: the <a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a> (the national dance), the <i>Tonada</i>, the <i>Refalosa</i>, the <i>Sajuriana</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Zapateado_(Mexico)" title="Zapateado (Mexico)">Zapateado</a>, the <i>Cuando</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Vals_Peruano_(Waltz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals Peruano (Waltz)">Vals</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Norte_Grande,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte Grande, Chile">Norte Grande</a> region traditional music resembles the music of southern Perú and western Bolivia, and is known as <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a>. This music, which reflects the spirit of the indigenous people of the <a href="/wiki/Altiplano" title="Altiplano">Altiplano</a>, was an inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Archipelago" title="Chiloé Archipelago">Chiloé Archipelago</a> has unique folk-music styles, due to its isolation from the culture centres of Santiago. </p><p>Music from <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Chilean Polynesia</a>, Rapa Nui music, is derived from Polynesian culture rather than colonial society or European influences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costa_Rica">Costa Rica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Costa Rica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">music of Costa Rica</a> is represented by musical expressions as parrandera, the Tambito, waltz, bolero, gang, calypso, chiquichiqui, mento the run and callera. They emerged from the migration processes and historical exchanges between indigenous, European and African. Typical instruments are the quijongo, marimba, ocarinas, low drawer, the Sabak, reed flutes, accordion, mandolin and guitar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg/150px-GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg/225px-GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg/300px-GloriaEstefanGrammyAwards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a> in 1990.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Music of Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cha-cha-cha (music)">Cha-cha-cha (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_Cuban_bands" title="Early Cuban bands">Early Cuban bands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habanera_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Habanera (music)">Habanera (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rumba" title="Rumba">Rumba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira (music)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Son_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Son (music)">Son (music)</a></div> <p>Cuba has produced many musical genres, and a number of musicians in a variety of styles. Blended styles range from the <a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">danzón</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">rumba</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music of Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg/170px-Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg/255px-Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg/340px-Aterciopelados_-_Bumbershoot_2010_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aterciopelados" title="Aterciopelados">Aterciopelados</a> play at Bumbershoot, Seattle Center, Seattle, Washington.</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombian music can be divided into four musical zones: the Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast, the Andean region and Los Llanos. The Atlantic music features rhythms such as the cumbia, porros and mapalé. Music from the Pacific coast such features rhythms such as the <i>currulao</i> —which is tinged with Spanish influence— and the Jota chocoana (along with many more afro-drum predominating music forms)—tinged with African and Aboriginal influence. Colombian Andean has been strongly influenced by Spanish rhythms and instruments, and differs noticeably from the indigenous music of Peru or Bolivia. Typical forms include the <i>bambuco</i>, <i>pasillo guabina</i> and <i>torbellino</i>, played with pianos and string instruments such as the <i>tiple guitarra</i>. The music of Los Llanos, <i>música llanera</i>, is usually accompanied by a harp, a <i>cuatro</i> (a type of four-string guitar) and maracas. It has much in common with the music of the Venezuelan Llanos. </p><p>Apart from these traditional forms, two newer musical styles have conquered large parts of the country: <i>la salsa</i>, which has spread throughout the Pacific coast and the <i>vallenato</i>, which originated in La Guajira and César (on the northern Caribbean coast). The latter is based on European accordion music. <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue music</a> is heard as well. More recently, musical styles such as reggaeton and bachata have also become popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominican_Republic">Dominican Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dominican Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Music of the Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perico_Ripiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Perico Ripiao">Perico Ripiao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata (music)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican rock</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Merengue_t%C3%ADpico" title="Merengue típico">Merengue típico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Orchestra merengue</a> have been popular in the Dominican Republic for many decades, and is widely regarded as the national music. <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a> is more recent arrival, arriving in the first half of the 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking influences from the <i>bolero</i> and derived from the country's rural guitar music. Bachata has evolved and risen in popularity over the last 40 years in the Dominican Republic and other areas (such as <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>) with the help of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Antony_Santos" title="Antony Santos">Antony Santos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Segura" title="Luis Segura">Luis Segura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Vargas_(musician)" title="Luis Vargas (musician)">Luis Vargas</a>, Teodoro Reyes, <a href="/wiki/Yoskar_Sarante" title="Yoskar Sarante">Yoskar Sarante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Bueno" title="Alex Bueno">Alex Bueno</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aventura_(band)" title="Aventura (band)">Aventura</a>. Bachata, merengue and salsa are now equally popular among Spanish-speaking Caribbean people. When the Spanish <i>conquistadors</i> sailed across the Atlantic they brought with them a type of music known as <i>hesparo</i>, which contributed to the development of Dominican music. A romantic style is also popular in the Dominican Republic from vocalists such as Angela Carrasco, Anthony Rios, Maridalia Hernandez and Olga Lara. Reggaeton is currently one the most popular genres coming out of the Dominican Republic at the moment. It has been recently popularized in night clubs with these high beats. This was made by the help of Dominican artist El Alfa. El Alfa has made "dembow" one the most popular types of reggaeton. He has been able to produce highly played songs that are played in multiple countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Music of Ecuador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg/150px-Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg/225px-Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg/300px-Mirella_Cesa_en_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mirella_Cesa" title="Mirella Cesa">Mirella Cesa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional Ecuadorian music can be classified as mestizo, Indian and Afro-Ecuadorian music. Mestizo music evolved from the interrelation between Spanish and Indian music. It has rhythms such as <i>pasacalles</i>, <i>pasillos</i>, <i>albazos</i> and <i>sanjuanitos</i>, and is usually played by stringed instruments. There are also regional variations: coastal styles, such as <i>vals</i> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Vals_Peruano_(Waltz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals Peruano (Waltz)">Vals Peruano (Waltz)</a>) and <i>montubio</i> music (from the coastal hill country). </p><p>Indian music in Ecuador is determined in varying degrees by the influence of <i>quichua</i> culture. Within it are <i>sanjuanitos</i> (different from the <i>mestizo sanjuanito</i>), <i>capishkas</i>, <i>danzantes</i> and <i>yaravis</i>. Non-<i>quichua</i> indigenous music ranges from the <a href="/wiki/Ts%C3%A1chila" title="Tsáchila">Tsáchila</a> music of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> (influenced by the neighboring Afro-marimba) to the Amazonian music of groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Shuar_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuar people">Shuar</a>. </p><p>Black Ecuadorian music can be classified into two main forms. The first type is black music from the coastal Esmeraldas province, and is characterized by the marimba. The second variety is black music from the Chota Valley in the northern Sierra (primarily known as <a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a>), characterized by a more-pronounced mestizo and Indian influence than <i>marimba esmeraldeña</i>. Most of these musical styles are also played by wind ensembles of varying sizes at popular festivals around the country. Like other Latin American countries, Ecuadorian music includes local exponents of international styles: from opera, salsa and rock to cumbia, thrash metal and jazz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Salvador">El Salvador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: El Salvador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">Music of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KarlaCubias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/KarlaCubias.jpg/200px-KarlaCubias.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/KarlaCubias.jpg/300px-KarlaCubias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/KarlaCubias.jpg/400px-KarlaCubias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karla_Cubias" title="Karla Cubias">Karla Cubias</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Salvadoran music may be compared with the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian culture">Colombian</a> style of music known as <i><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a></i>. Popular styles in modern El Salvador (in addition to <i>cumbia</i>) are <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a>. "Political chaos tore the country apart in the early 20th century, and music was often suppressed, especially those with strong native influences. In the 1940s, for example, it was decreed that a dance called "Xuc" was to be the "national dance" which was created and led by Paquito Palaviccini's and his <i>Orquestra Internacional Polio</i>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In recent years reggaeton and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> have gained popularity, led by groups such as <a href="/wiki/Pescozada" title="Pescozada">Pescozada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mecate_(band)" title="Mecate (band)">Mecate</a>. Salvadorian music has a musical style influenced by <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayan</a> music (played on the El Salvador-Guatemala border, in <a href="/wiki/Chalatenango_Department" title="Chalatenango Department">Chalatenango</a>). Another popular style of music not native to El Salvador is known as <a href="/wiki/Punta_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta (music)">Punta</a>, a Belizean, Guatemalan and Honduran style. </p><p>Some of the leading classical composers from El Salvador include <a href="/wiki/Alex_Panam%C3%A1" title="Alex Panamá">Alex Panamá</a>, Carlos Colón-Quintana, and <a href="/wiki/German_C%C3%A1ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="German Cáceres">German Cáceres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guatemala">Guatemala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Guatemala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Music of Guatemala</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Concierto_Ricardo_Arjona_Miami_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Arjona" title="Ricardo Arjona">Ricardo Arjona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guatemala has a very extensive musical history, from Mayan music to modern-day acts such as <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Arjona" title="Ricardo Arjona">Ricardo Arjona</a>. They have a diverse range of music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honduras">Honduras</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Honduras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Music of Honduras</a></div> <p>The music of Honduras varies from <a href="/wiki/Punta" title="Punta">Punta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paranda_(music)" title="Paranda (music)">Paranda</a> (the local genre of the <a href="/wiki/Garifunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Garifunas">Garifunas</a>) to Caribbean music such as <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">merengue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a> (all widely heard, especially in the north). Mexican <a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">ranchera</a> music has a large following in the rural interior of the country. The country's ancient capital of <a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a> is an important center for modern Honduran music, and is home to the College for Fine Arts. T </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mexican_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican music">Mexican music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banda_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda (music)">Banda (music)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huapango" title="Huapango">Huapango</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Son_Jarocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Son Jarocho">Son Jarocho</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Pedro_Infante_in_Venezuela_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Infante" title="Pedro Infante">Pedro Infante</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/250px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/375px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg/500px-Man%C3%A1_-_Rock_in_Rio_Madrid_2012_-_57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A1" title="Maná">Maná</a> in concert in Rock in Rio in Madrid in 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> is perhaps one of the most musically diverse countries in the world. Each of its 31 states, its capital city and each of <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City%27s_boroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City's boroughs">Mexico City's boroughs</a> claim unique styles of music. The most representative genre is <a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">mariachi</a> music or traditional regional music <a href="/wiki/Corridos" class="mw-redirect" title="Corridos">corridos</a>. Although commonly misportrayed as <a href="/wiki/Street_performance" title="Street performance">buskers</a>, mariachis musicians play extremely technical, structured music or blends such as <a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">jarabe</a>. Most mariachi music is sung in verses of prose poetry. <a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a>, Mexico's country music, differs from mariachi in that it is less technical and its lyrics are not sung in prose. Other regional music includes: <i><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">son jarocho</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">son huasteco</a></i>, <i>cumbia sonidera</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican pop</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">rock en español</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_rock_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican rock music">Mexican rock</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Canto_nuevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Canto nuevo">canto nuevo</a></i>. There is also music based on sounds made by dancing (such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Zapateado_(Mexico)" title="Zapateado (Mexico)">zapateada</a></i>). </p><p>Northeastern Mexico is home to another popular style called <i><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">norteña</a></i>, which assimilates Mexican <i>ranchera</i> with <a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Colombian <i>cumbia</i></a> and is typically played with Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Accordions" class="mw-redirect" title="Accordions">accordions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemian</a> <a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">polka</a> influence. One of the most popular music styles in all Mexico are "corridos". This is regional mexican music and recently been popularized by famous artist such as Peso Pluma and Grupo Frontera. These folk tales consist of money and love. Poetry backed up intrumentals of the guitar and trumpet. It has grown to be very popular in the United States. Variations of <i>norteña</i> include <i><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">duranguense</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Banda_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda (music)">tambora sinaloense</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corridos" class="mw-redirect" title="Corridos">corridos</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">nortec</a> (norteño-techno). The eastern part of the country makes heavy use of the <a href="/wiki/Arpa_jarocha" title="Arpa jarocha">harp</a>, typical of the <i>son arocho</i> style. The music in southern Mexico is particularly represented by its use of the <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, which has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Soconusco" title="Soconusco">Soconusco</a> region between Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="270" data-mwtitle="Vals_Chiapa_de_Corzo.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Vals_Chiapa_de_Corzo.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/Vals_Chiapa_de_Corzo.ogg/Vals_Chiapa_de_Corzo.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Vals_Chiapa_de_Corzo.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Vals Chiapa de Corzo performed on a marimba in Chiapas.</figcaption></figure> <p>The north-central states have recently spawned a <a href="/wiki/Tecktonik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tecktonik">Tecktonik</a>-style music, combining <a href="/wiki/Electro_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro music">electro</a> and other dance genres with more traditional music. <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (music)">Salsa (music)</a> has also played an important role in Mexican music shown by <a href="/wiki/Sonora_Santanera" title="Sonora Santanera">Sonora Santanera</a>. Currently, <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> is very popular in modern Mexico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nicaragua"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Music of Nicaragua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palo_de_Mayo" title="Palo de Mayo">Palo de Mayo</a></div> <p>The most popular style of music in <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Palo_de_Mayo" title="Palo de Mayo">palo de Mayo</a></i>, which is both a type of dance music and a festival where the dance (and music) originated. Other popular music includes <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, folklore, <i>son nica</i>, folk music, <i>merengue</i>, <i>bachata</i> and salsa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panama">Panama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Panama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Music of Panama</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg/200px-Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg/300px-Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg/400px-Erika_Ender_pic_by_Raymond_Collazo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2985" data-file-height="4506" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Erika_Ender" title="Erika Ender">Erika Ender</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The music of Panama is the result of the mestizaje, It has occurred during the last five hundred years between the Iberian traditions, especially those of Andalusia, American Indians and those of West Africa. Mestizaje that has been enriched by cultural exchange caused by several waves of migrations originating in Europe, in various parts of the Caribbean (mostly Barbados, Trinidad, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) in Asia and several points in South and North America. These migrations were due to the Spanish colonization of America, which was forced to use the Royal Route of Panama as an inter-oceanic trade route, which included the slave trade (an institution abolished in Panama in 1851); To the traffic, product of the exploitation of the silver mines in the Viceroyalty of Peru during centuries XVI and XVII; To the legendary riches of the Fair of Portobelo, between centuries XVII and XVIII; To the construction of the Transísmico Railroad, begun in 1850, and the Interoceanic Canal, initiated by France in 1879, concluded by the United States in 1914 and expanded by Panama from 2007. </p><p>With this rich cultural heritage, Panama has contributed significantly to the development of Cumbia, Decima, Panamanian saloma, Pasillo, Panamanian bunde, bullerengue, <a href="/wiki/Punto_music" title="Punto music">Punto Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamborito" title="Tamborito">Tamborito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mejoranera" title="Mejoranera">Mejorana</a>, Panamanian Murga, Tamborera (Examples: Guarare and Tambor de la Alegria), bolero, jazz, Salsa, reggae and calypso, through composers like Nicolas Aceves Núñez (hall, cumbia, tamborito, Pasillo), Luis Russell (jazz), Ricardo Fábrega (bolero and Tamborera), José Luis Rodríguez Vélez (cumbia and bolero), Arturo "Chino" Hassan (bolero), Nando Boom (reggae), Lord Cobra (calypso), Rubén Blades (salsa), Danilo Pérez (jazz), Vicente Gómez Gudiño (Pasillo), César Alcedo, among many others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paraguay">Paraguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Paraguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Music of Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania (music)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Danza_Paraguaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Danza Paraguaya">Danza Paraguaya</a></div> <p>Paraguayan music depends largely upon two instruments: the guitar and the harp, which were brought by the conquistadors and found their own voices in the country. Polka Paraguaya, which adopted its name from the European dance, is the most popular type of music and has different versions (including the <i>galopa</i>, the <i>krye’ÿ</i> and the <i>canción Paraguaya</i>, or "Paraguayan song"). The first two are faster and more upbeat than a standard polka; the third is a bit slower and slightly melancholy. Other popular styles include the <i>purahéi jahe’o</i> and the <i>compuesto</i> (which tell sad, epic or love stories). The polka is usually based on poetic lyrics, but there are some emblematic pieces of Paraguayan music (such as <i>"Pájaro Campana"</i>, or "Songbird", by Félix Pérez Cardozo). </p><p>Guarania is the second-best-known Paraguayan musical style, and was created by musician José Asunción Flores in 1925. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Music of Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Música criolla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andean music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="159" data-mwtitle="Waylarsh_Wanka_-_sembranza_huanca.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Waylarsh_Wanka_-_sembranza_huanca.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Waylarsh_Wanka_-_sembranza_huanca.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Waylarsh_Wanka_-_sembranza_huanca.ogg/Waylarsh_Wanka_-_sembranza_huanca.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption> Example of a Huayno from the Huanca of the Junin Region of central Peru.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peruvian</a> music is made up of indigenous, Spanish and West African influences. Coastal <a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Peruvian">Afro-Peruvian</a> music is characterized by the use of the <i><a href="/wiki/Caj%C3%B3n" title="Cajón">cajón peruano</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> music varies according to region and ethnicity. The best-known <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindian</a> style is the <i><a href="/wiki/Huayno" title="Huayno">huayno</a></i> (also popular in <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>), played on instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Charango" title="Charango">charango</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>. Mestizo music is varied and includes popular <i>valses</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">marinera</a></i> from the northern coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Puerto Rico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Music of Puerto Rico</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ricky_Martin_cropped1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Martin in 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ricky_Martin_cropped1.jpg/180px-Ricky_Martin_cropped1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Ricky_Martin_cropped1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ricky_Martin" title="Ricky Martin">Ricky Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The history of music on the island of Puerto Rico begins with its original inhabitants, the Taínos. The Taíno Indians have influenced the Puerto Rican culture greatly, leaving behind important contributions such as their musical instruments, language, food, plant medicine and art. The heart of much Puerto Rican music is the idea of improvisation in both the music and the lyrics. A performance takes on an added dimension when the audience can anticipate the response of one performer to a difficult passage of music or clever lyrics created by another. When two singers, either both men or a man and a woman, engage in vocal competition in música jíbara this is a special type of seis called a <i>controversia</i>. Of all <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>'s musical exports, the best-known is <a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">reggaeton</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">plena</a></i> have long been popular, while reggaetón is a relatively recent invention. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_(1975).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg/220px-Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg/330px-Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg/440px-Rita_Moreno_in_The_Ritz_%281975%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1295" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_(film)" title="The Ritz (film)">The Ritz</a></i> in 1975</figcaption></figure> <p>It is a form of urban contemporary music, often combining other Latin musical styles, Caribbean and West Indies music, (such as reggae, <i>soca</i>, Spanish reggae, salsa, merengue and <i><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">bachata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dukeupress.edu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dukeupress.edu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It originates from Panamanian Spanish reggae and Jamaican dancehall, however received its rise to popularity through Puerto Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>Tropikeo</i> is the fusion of R&B, Rap, Hip Hop, Funk and Techno Music within a Tropical musical frame of salsa, in which the conga drums and/or timbales drums are the main source of rhythm of the tune, in conjunction with a heavy salsa "montuno" of the piano. The lyrics of the song can be rapped or sung, or used combining both styles, as well as danced in both styles. <i>Aguinaldo</i> from Puerto Rico is similar to Christmas carols, except that they are usually sung in a parranda, which is rather like a lively parade that moves from house to house in a neighborhood, looking for holiday food and drink. The melodies were subsequently used for the improvisational décima and seis. There are aguinaldos that are usually sung in churches or religious services, while there are aguinaldos that are more popular and are sung in the parrandas. <a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a> is a very sophisticated form of music that can be extremely varied in its expression; they can be either romantic or festive. Romantic danzas have four sections, beginning with an eight measure paseo followed by three themes of sixteen measures each. The third theme typically includes a solo by the <a href="/wiki/Bombardino" title="Bombardino">bombardino</a> and, often, a return to the first theme or a coda at the end. Festive danzas are free-form, with the only rules being an introduction and a swift rhythm. <a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a> is a narrative song from the coastal regions of Puerto Rico, especially around <a href="/wiki/Ponce,_Puerto_Rico" title="Ponce, Puerto Rico">Ponce, Puerto Rico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its origins have been various claimed as far back as 1875 and as late as 1920. As rural farmers moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a> and other cities, they brought plena with them and eventually added horns and improvised call and response vocals. Lyrics generally deal with stories or current events, though some are light-hearted or humorous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natyoreirocom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Natyoreirocom.jpg/170px-Natyoreirocom.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Natyoreirocom.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Oreiro" title="Natalia Oreiro">Natalia Oreiro</a> in 2005</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Music of Uruguay</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguayan</a> music has similar roots to that of Argentina. <a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">milonga</a></i> are both popular styles, and folk music from along the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Río de la Plata">River Plate</a> is indistinguishable from its Argentine counterpart. Uruguay rock and <i>cancion popular</i> (Uruguayan versions of rock and pop music) are popular local forms. <i><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></i>, a style of drumming descended from African slaves in the area, is quintessentially Uruguayan (although it is played to a lesser extent in Argentina).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most popular in <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, but may also be heard in a number of other cities. 21st. Century Uruguayan music is also heard internationally as part of the language of Uruguayan composers such as three-time <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy</a> nominated <a href="/wiki/Miguel_del_%C3%81guila" title="Miguel del Águila">Miguel del Aguila</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Music of Venezuela</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soledad_bravo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Soledad_bravo.jpg/200px-Soledad_bravo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Soledad_bravo.jpg/300px-Soledad_bravo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Soledad_bravo.jpg/400px-Soledad_bravo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Bravo" title="Soledad Bravo">Soledad Bravo</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Joropo</i> is Venezuelan popular music originating in the <i>llanos</i> plains, although a more upbeat and festive <i><a href="/wiki/Gaita_Zuliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaita Zuliana">gaita</a></i> version is heard western Venezuela (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Zulia_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulia State">Zulia State</a>). There are also African-influenced styles which emphasize drumming including multiple rhythms, such as sangueo, fulia, parranda, tamborera and calypso from the Guayana region (influenced by neighboring English-speaking countries). The Aguinaldo, conforms the national representation of the Venezuelan Christmas. In the east, the malagueña, punto and galerón accompanies the velorios de cruz de mayo, (religious tradition, that is celebrated on 3 May in honor to the Christian cross). In the Venezuelan Andes, the Venezuelan bambuco is a local variation of the bambuco. Other forms include the polo and the Venezuelan waltz. El merengue venezolano es una música bailable del siglo XX de Venezuela, con un característico ritmo atractivo. Es un género completamente diferente del merengue de la República Dominicana en cuanto a su ritmo, instrumentos, cultura e historia. </p><p>Venezuelan Merengue is also known by two other names: merengue caraqueño, relating its origin to the capital Caracas, and merengue rucaneao, in which reference to Rúcano, a mixture for a popular jelly dessert, is used as a simile for the sensual pelvic movements of its dance. Merengue came into vogue in Venezuela during the period from the 1920s to the 1940s. At first, merengue music was associated with the mabiles, popular drinking and dancing spots in Caracas, and with the capital's carnival celebrations in street parades and plazas. Later in the 1940s, it was absorbed into the dance halls of the upper classes, and also formed part of the repertoire of smaller groups such as the Cantores del Trópico, led by guitarist Antonio Lauro (who composed 'Merengue para guitarra') and composers such as Eduardo Serrano. The hybrid traditional ensembles of then and now that dedicate their program to folkloric program to arrangements of Venezuelan folk music - ensembles such as estudiantinas, Venezuelan Merengue. Nowadays it is always discussed whether merengue is written in 2/4, 6/8 or 5/8. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_styles">Popular styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Popular styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg/200px-ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg/300px-ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg/400px-ChileanPanpipes-cutout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zampo%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Zampoña">Zampoña</a>, a type of <a href="/wiki/Siku_(instrument)" title="Siku (instrument)">Siku</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nueva_canción"><span id="Nueva_canci.C3.B3n"></span>Nueva canción</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Nueva canción"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salsa">Salsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Salsa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa music</a></div> <p>Based on Cuban music in rhythm, tempo, bass line, riffs and instrumentation, Salsa represents an amalgamation of musical styles including rock, jazz, and other Latin American musical traditions. Modern salsa (as it became known worldwide) was forged in the pan-Latin <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> of New York City in the late 1960s and early 1970s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_trap">Latin trap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Latin trap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Latin trap</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Latin trap</a> has become famous around 2015. It has influences of American trap and reggaeton music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reggaetón"><span id="Reggaet.C3.B3n"></span>Reggaetón</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reggaetón"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reggaet%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Reggaetón">Reggaetón</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> (also known as reggaetón and reguetón[1]) is a musical genre which originated in Puerto Rico during the late 1990s. It is influenced by hip hop and Latin American and Caribbean music. Vocals include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_ballad">Latin ballad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Latin ballad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Latin ballad</a></div> <p>The Latin (or romantic) ballad is a Latin musical genre which originated in the 1960s. This ballad is very popular in Hispanic America and Spain, and is characterized by a sensitive rhythm. A descendant of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">bolero</a></i>, it has several variants (such as <a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">salsa</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">cumbia</a></i>). Since the mid-20th century a number of artists have popularized the genre, such as <a href="/wiki/Julio_Iglesias" title="Julio Iglesias">Julio Iglesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Miguel" title="Luis Miguel">Luis Miguel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Iglesias" title="Enrique Iglesias">Enrique Iglesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alejandra_%C3%81valos" title="Alejandra Ávalos">Alejandra Ávalos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Castro" title="Cristian Castro">Cristian Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_de_Vita" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco de Vita">Franco de Vita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jos%C3%A9" title="José José">José José</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/22px-Conga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/32px-Conga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Conga.svg/43px-Conga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_music" title="Portal:Latin music">Latin music portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people#Criollo_culture" title="Criollo people">Music and society in the Spanish Colonial Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_in_Latin_America" title="Opera in Latin America">Opera in Latin America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Torres-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Torres_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Torres_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTorres2013" class="citation book cs1">Torres, George (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MX5BXxjwV9cC&pg=PR17"><i>Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313087943" title="Special:BookSources/9780313087943"><bdi>9780313087943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Latin+American+Popular+Music&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780313087943&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMX5BXxjwV9cC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsenSheehy2007" class="citation book cs1">Olsen, Dale; Sheehy, Daniel (December 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RK6TAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4"><i>Handbook of Latin American Music, Second Edition</i></a>. Routledge. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135900083" title="Special:BookSources/9781135900083"><bdi>9781135900083</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Latin+American+Music%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007-12-17&rft.isbn=9781135900083&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.au=Sheehy%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRK6TAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendersonStacey2014" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Lol; Stacey, Lee (Jan 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m8W2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA358"><i>Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century</i></a>. Routledge. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135929466" title="Special:BookSources/9781135929466"><bdi>9781135929466</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Music+in+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-01-27&rft.isbn=9781135929466&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Lol&rft.au=Stacey%2C+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm8W2AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales2003" class="citation book cs1">Morales, Ed (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/latinbeatrhythms00mora_0"><i>The Latin Beat: The Rhythms And Roots Of Latin Music From Bossa Nova To Salsa And Beyond</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. p. xiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786730209" title="Special:BookSources/9780786730209"><bdi>9780786730209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Latin+Beat%3A+The+Rhythms+And+Roots+Of+Latin+Music+From+Bossa+Nova+To+Salsa+And+Beyond&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780786730209&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flatinbeatrhythms00mora_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2013" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Jacqueline (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ&q=latin%20music%20spanish%20portuguese&pg=PA639"><i>Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories That Shaped Our Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 639. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313393488" title="Special:BookSources/9780313393488"><bdi>9780313393488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+American+Life%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Songs%2C+Styles%2C+Stars%2C+and+Stories+That+Shaped+Our+Culture&rft.pages=639&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780313393488&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTQPXAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlatin%2520music%2520spanish%2520portuguese%26pg%3DPA639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000304–305_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000">Ellingham, Duane & McConnachine 2000</a>, pp. 304–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaomi2018" class="citation web cs1">Naomi (2018-05-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsroom.spotify.com/2018-05-30/straight-out-of-the-favela-brazilian-funk/">"Straight Out of the Favela: Brazilian Funk"</a>. <i>Spotify</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spotify&rft.atitle=Straight+Out+of+the+Favela%3A+Brazilian+Funk&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft.au=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsroom.spotify.com%2F2018-05-30%2Fstraight-out-of-the-favela-brazilian-funk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.incognitodance.com/what-is-bachata-2/">"What is Bachata? | Incognito Dance"</a>. <i>www.incognitodance.com</i>. 2012-09-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.incognitodance.com&rft.atitle=What+is+Bachata%3F+%7C+Incognito+Dance&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.incognitodance.com%2Fwhat-is-bachata-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dukeupress.edu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dukeupress.edu_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.dukeupress.edu/Reggaeton/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509042418/http://www.dukeupress.edu/Reggaeton">Archived</a> 2014-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Raquel Z. Rivera. 2009. <i>Reggaeton</i>. "Part I. Mapping Reggaeton". From Música Negra to Reggaeton Latino: Wayne Marshall. "Part II. The Panamanian Connection". Placing Panama in the Reggaeton Narrative: Editor's Notes / Wayne Marshall. Duke University Press, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4383-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4383-7">978-0-8223-4383-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franco, Edgardo A. "Muévelo (move it!): from Panama to New York and back again, the story of El General". Interview by Christoph Twickel. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. 99–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buckley "Bush", Francisco. La música salsa en Panamá. Panama: EUPAN, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aulder, Leonardo Renato. "The Panamanian Origins of Reggae en Español: Seeing History through 'los ojos café' of Renato". Interview by Ifeoma C. K. Nwankwo. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. 89–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews, George Reid. Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travelandsports.com/cp733.htm"><i>Semana de la Danza.</i> Travel & Sports: Puerto Rico.</a> Retrieved May 7, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In a Nutshell: Candombe, R. Slater <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soundsandcolours.com/articles/uruguay/in-a-nutshell-candombe-101/">Sounds and Colours</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brill, Mark. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2nd Edition, 2018. Taylor & Francis <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1138053562" title="Special:BookSources/1138053562">1138053562</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres,_George2013" class="citation book cs1">Torres, George (2013). <i>Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08794-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08794-3"><bdi>978-0-313-08794-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Latin+American+Popular+Music&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-08794-3&rft.au=Torres%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNettl,_Bruno1965" class="citation book cs1">Nettl, Bruno (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/folktraditionalm00nett"><i>Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents</i></a></span>. Prentice-Hall, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-323247-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-323247-6"><bdi>0-13-323247-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+and+Traditional+Music+of+the+Western+Continents&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall%2C+Inc&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-13-323247-6&rft.au=Nettl%2C+Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffolktraditionalm00nett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sévigny, Jean-Pierre. <i>Sierra Norteña: the Influence of Latin Music on the French-Canadian Popular Song and Dance Scene, Especially as Reflected in the Career of Alys Robi and the Pedagogy of Maurice Lacasse-Morenoff</i>. Montréal: Productions Juke-Box, 1994. 13 p. <i>N.B</i>. Published text of a paper prepared for, and presented on, on 12 March 1994, the conference, <i>Popular Music Music & Identity</i> (Montréal, Qué., 12–13 March 1994), under the auspices of the Canadian Branch of the International Association for the Study of Popular Music.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson,_Robert1952" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Robert (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/musicinmexicoahi007091mbp"><i>Music in Mexico</i></a>. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-199-75738-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-199-75738-1"><bdi>1-199-75738-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+Mexico&rft.pub=Thomas+Y.+Crowell+Company&rft.date=1952&rft.isbn=1-199-75738-1&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmusicinmexicoahi007091mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span>, cited in Nettl, p. 163.</li> <li>Boieras, Gabriel.; Cattani, Luciana. Maravilhas do Brasil: festas populares. Escrituras Editora, 2006. pp. 108. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8575312367" title="Special:BookSources/8575312367">8575312367</a></li> <li>Mularski, Jedrek. <i>Music, Politics, and Nationalism in Latin America: Chile During the Cold War Era</i>. Cambria Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604978889" title="Special:BookSources/9781604978889">9781604978889</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllinghamDuaneMcConnachine2000" class="citation book cs1">Ellingham, Mark; Duane, Orla; McConnachine, James (2000). <i>World Music: The Rough Guide</i> (2nd ed.). Rough Guides. p. 675. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858286360" title="Special:BookSources/1858286360"><bdi>1858286360</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Music%3A+The+Rough+Guide&rft.pages=675&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1858286360&rft.aulast=Ellingham&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Duane%2C+Orla&rft.au=McConnachine%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Latin+America" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Latin_America&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=Latin+American+music">Latin American Music</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> on the Open Directory Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundsandcolours.com/">Latin American Music and Culture Magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latinpop.fiu.edu/">Diaz-Ayala Cuban and Latin American Music Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072554/http://latinpop.fiu.edu/">Archived</a> 2014-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frontera.library.ucla.edu/">The Strachwitz Frontera Collection of Mexican and Mexican American Recordings</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_music_in_the_United_States" title="Latin American music in the United States">United States</a>: <small><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_music" title="Andean music">Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American music">Central America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_America_topics" title="Template:Latin America topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_America_topics" title="Template talk:Latin America topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_America_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin America topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_America_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_America" title="History of Latin America">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Latin_America" title="Great Depression in Latin America">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_during_World_War_II" title="Latin America during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_debt_crisis" title="Latin American debt crisis">Debt crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Latin_America" title="Catholic Church in Latin America">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_history_of_Latin_America" title="Environmental history of Latin America">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_libraries_in_Latin_America" title="History of libraries in Latin America">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latin_American_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Latin American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Latin_America" title="Military history of Latin America">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America" title="Slavery in Latin America">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em; font-weight:normal;">Foreign relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Australia–Latin America relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Canada–Latin America relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China–Latin America relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="India–Latin America relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Ireland–Latin America relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Latin_America_Conference" title="Italy–Latin America Conference">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="Japan–Latin America relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_League_of_Nations" title="Latin America and the League of Nations">League of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Latin_America_relations" title="South Korea–Latin America relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Latin America–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Latin America–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Latin_America" title="List of regions of Latin America">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_drug_legalization" title="Latin American drug legalization">Drug legalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falangism_in_Latin_America" title="Falangism in Latin America">Falangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_involvement_in_international_peacekeeping" title="Latin American involvement in international peacekeeping">International peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Liberalism and conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_economy" title="Latin American economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Latin America">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agroecology_in_Latin_America" title="Agroecology in Latin America">Agroecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Central banks and currencies of the Americas">Central banks and currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Latin America">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Latin_America" title="Water supply and sanitation in Latin America">Water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_Latin_America" title="Wealth inequality in Latin America">Wealth inequality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_and_violence_in_Latin_America" title="Crime and violence in Latin America">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Latin_America" title="Illegal drug trade in Latin America">Illegal drug trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Latin_America" title="Education in Latin America">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_studies" title="Latin American studies">Latin American studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Latin_America" title="Etiquette in Latin America">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America" title="HIV/AIDS in Latin America">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Latin_America" title="Race and ethnicity in Latin America">Race and ethnicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latin_America" title="Culture of Latin America">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_films" title="List of Latin American films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_dance" title="Latin dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Latin America">Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latin_America" title="Religion in Latin America">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Latin_America" title="Television in Latin America">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_broadcasting_companies_in_Latin_America" title="List of broadcasting companies in Latin America">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">Telenovela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Latin_America" title="Video games in Latin America">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Latin America">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_countries_by_population" title="List of Latin American countries by population">Countries by population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_American_cities_by_population" title="List of Latin American cities by population">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Latin_America" title="Ethnic groups in Latin America">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish language in the Americas">Spanish language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_Americans" title="List of Latin Americans">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latin_America" title="Category:Latin America">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Music of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Bahamas" title="Music of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Barbados" title="Music of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cuba" title="Music of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Dominica" title="Music of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Music of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Grenada" title="Music of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guyana" title="Music of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Jamaica" title="Music of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mexico" title="Music of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Music of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Music of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Music of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Anguilla" title="Music of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Aruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Music of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Music of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_French_Guiana" title="Music of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greenland" title="Music of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guadeloupe" title="Music of Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Martinique" title="Music of Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Montserrat" title="Music of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Music of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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