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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>music of <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Www.visualpiano.net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Www.visualpiano.net (page does not exist)">www.visualpiano.net</a> encompasses a range of musical styles and genres that draw from various influences including: Indian, Latino-Hispanic, European, African, Chinese, and Amerindian music. Popular Guyanese performers include: <a href="/wiki/Terry_Gajraj" title="Terry Gajraj">Terry Gajraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddy_Grant" title="Eddy Grant">Eddy Grant</a>, Dave Martins & the Tradewinds<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Johnny Braff, Ivor Lynch & Sammy Baksh), <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Cummings" title="Aubrey Cummings">Aubrey Cummings</a>, Collé Kharis and Nicky Porter. Eddie Hooper <sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guyana Music Festival has proven to be influential on the Guyana music scene.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Earliest recorded musical interactions were mainly related to the missionary-driven spread of Christianity in the New World. <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian</a> missionaries used music used hymns to reach the <a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina people</a> in the area of <a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a>. Slaves brought to the region via the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a> contributed African influences from a wide array of different cultures, although music and dance was also utilized to promote fitness in slaves by their sellers. After emancipation, the period in which the British sought to bring indentured labor into the colonies introduced musical traditions of India, as well as Portugal and other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the colonies of <a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> were merged into <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a>, colonial power and upper class culture "exerted substantial influence" over music styles of the time. Military bands for parades and ceremonial purpose reflected British sovereignty. Classical music, religious music, or folk songs of Britain were also popular among the ruling class. In the late19th century, there was "a tendency import artists" as a show of "Victorian culture of respectability".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In marginalized groups, laws were enacted to suppress music, as it was connected to revolts. Nonetheless, music reflecting other cultures flourished within communities such as African-derived music in villages of former slaves and Indian traditions maintained in villages occupied by those under and post-indenture. The British Guiana Militia Band, formed mainly to deal with the unpopularity stemmed from involvement in the Angel Gabriel Riots, served both functions of promoting British Imperialism as well as an apprenticeship program for musicians of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guyanese" title="Portuguese Guyanese">Portuguese Guyanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Guyanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Guyanese people">Afro-Guyanese</a> working class. Other musical events of the working-class included "practices", a paid-entry dance hall. Genres reflected a mix of African, Irish, and Scottish music traditions and instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to the Christian-derived music of the colonial elite, <a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">bhajans</a> were important to Indo-Guyanese music. Tan singing and folk music accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Tassa" title="Tassa">tassa</a> drums followed instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/Harmonium" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonium">harmonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sitar" title="Sitar">sitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">tabla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dholak" title="Dholak">dholak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhantal" title="Dhantal">dhantal</a>. Hindi has given way to English and Caribbean creole languages giving rise to fusion styles such as <a href="/wiki/Chutney_music" title="Chutney music">chutney</a>, which flourished mostly in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> during its early years as Guyanese media outlets greatly restrained Indian culture in the 1970s and 80s. In the 90s, just as calypso was developing into <a href="/wiki/Soca_music" title="Soca music">Soca</a>, chutney also took on more regional influences such as using the <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a> and electronic instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calypso music, common among <a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_people" title="Afro-Caribbean people">Afro-Caribbean</a> communities, has also been an outlet for criticizing the government or addressing other social issues. Guyana has annual calypso competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_education">Music education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Music education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> is home to many unique music traditions, but music has tended to receive little support in schools. Music studies are offered as part of teacher training at <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Potter_College_of_Education" title="Cyril Potter College of Education">Cyril Potter College of Education</a>, and a fledgling National School of Music was opened in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_musicians">Prominent musicians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prominent musicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El Sadiek & De Sugar Cake Girls from Guyana was a unique formation of entertainers, singers, dancers, musicians including the Sugar Cake Girls - Fiona, Sarah and Kamla. The diversity of El Sadiek music repertoire of Filmi, Chutney, Soca, Reggae, Hip Hop, and Soul music. El Sadiek lead keyboard player, Shabana, is the only female Indian keyboard player in Guyana and perhaps the Caribbean. El Sadiek also includes the singer Kerida who Chutney and Filmi beats. Other talented lead singers were Sheik and Dj Poopsie.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guyanese-born musicians who developed their musical careers abroad include <a href="/wiki/Mad_Professor" title="Mad Professor">Mad Professor</a> (Neil Fraser). Fraser created Ariwa Records in 1979 and became a central figure in the UK dub scene as a prolific producer of dub and an originator of the "Lovers Rock" genre in the early 1980s. </p><p>Rapper Central Cee is of British-Guyanese descent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanto" title="Shanto">Shanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Caribbean">Music of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanese music in the United Kingdom">Guyanese music in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Seawall_Bandstand" title="Georgetown Seawall Bandstand">Georgetown Seawall Bandstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Defence_Force_Band_Corps" title="Guyana Defence Force Band Corps">Guyana Defence Force Band Corps</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFguyaneseonline2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">guyaneseonline (2011-10-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513201042/https://guyaneseonline.net/2011/10/11/the-tradewinds-led-by-dave-martins/">"THE TRADEWINDS – led by Dave Martins"</a>. <i>Guyanese Online</i>. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guyanese+Online&rft.atitle=THE+TRADEWINDS+%E2%80%93+led+by+Dave+Martins&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft.au=guyaneseonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguyaneseonline.net%2F2011%2F10%2F11%2Fthe-tradewinds-led-by-dave-martins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCambridge2015" class="citation book cs1">Cambridge, Vibert C. (2015-05-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visualpiano.netid=gRARCgAAQBAJ&q=%22Nicky+Porter%22+guyana&pg=PT305"><i>Musical Life in Guyana: History and Politics of Controlling Creativity</i></a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62674-644-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62674-644-2"><bdi>978-1-62674-644-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musical+Life+in+Guyana%3A+History+and+Politics+of+Controlling+Creativity&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.isbn=978-1-62674-644-2&rft.aulast=Cambridge&rft.aufirst=Vibert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visualpiano.netid%3DgRARCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Nicky%2BPorter%2522%2Bguyana%26pg%3DPT305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kaieteurnewsonline.com/2009/02/26/guyana-music-festival-being-revived/">"Guyana Music Festival being revived"</a>. <i>Kaieteur News</i>. 2009-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaieteur+News&rft.atitle=Guyana+Music+Festival+being+revived&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaieteurnewsonline.com%2F2009%2F02%2F26%2Fguyana-music-festival-being-revived%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaywack1999" class="citation web cs1">Saywack, Rajendra (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saxakali.com/caribbean/Hemchandra1.htm">"From Caroni gyal to Calcutta woman: A history of East Indian chutney music in the Caribbean"</a>. Thomas Hunter College Black & Puerto Rican Studies Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000823032141/http://saxakali.com/caribbean/Hemchandra1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2000-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Caroni+gyal+to+Calcutta+woman%3A+A+history+of+East+Indian+chutney+music+in+the+Caribbean&rft.pub=Thomas+Hunter+College+Black+%26+Puerto+Rican+Studies+Department&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Saywack&rft.aufirst=Rajendra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaxakali.com%2Fcaribbean%2FHemchandra1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2013" class="citation news cs1">Gupta, Girish (2013-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/06/world/americas/in-guyana-feeling-stifled-after-needling-government-in-song.html">"In Guyana, Feeling Stifled After Needling Government in Song (Published 2013)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Guyana%2C+Feeling+Stifled+After+Needling+Government+in+Song+%28Published+2013%29&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Girish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fin-guyana-feeling-stifled-after-needling-government-in-song.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_C._Bates2015" class="citation web cs1">Vincent C. Bates, ed. (August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://act.maydaygroup.org/articles/SagarHebert14_2.pdf">"Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Act.maydaygroup.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1545-4517">1545-4517</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005135254/http://act.maydaygroup.org/articles/SagarHebert14_2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Act.maydaygroup.org&rft.atitle=Action%2C+Criticism+%26+Theory+for+Music+Education&rft.date=2015-08&rft.issn=1545-4517&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fact.maydaygroup.org%2Farticles%2FSagarHebert14_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indocaribbeanworld.com/archives/2005/july_20_05/community.htm">"The Sugar Cake Girls - What sweetness!"</a>. <i>indocaribbeanworld.com</i>. indocaribbeanworld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916045318/http://www.indocaribbeanworld.com/archives/2005/july_20_05/community.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indocaribbeanworld.com&rft.atitle=The+Sugar+Cake+Girls+-+What+sweetness%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indocaribbeanworld.com%2Farchives%2F2005%2Fjuly_20_05%2Fcommunity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2024" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Caleb Azumah (2024-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/central-cee-british-vogue-interview">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"This Is Who I Am": Central Cee Talks Trust, Tracksuits And Why He's Just Trying To Be Himself"</a>. <i>British Vogue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Vogue&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9CThis+Is+Who+I+Am%E2%80%9D%3A+Central+Cee+Talks+Trust%2C+Tracksuits+And+Why+He%E2%80%99s+Just+Trying+To+Be+Himself&rft.date=2024-06-13&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Caleb+Azumah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fcentral-cee-british-vogue-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Guyana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel,_Peter2006" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Peter (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caribbeancurrents00manuel"><i>Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59213-463-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-59213-463-7"><bdi>1-59213-463-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Currents%3A+Caribbean+Music+from+Rumba+to+Reggae&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59213-463-7&rft.au=Manuel%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaribbeancurrents00manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManuel,_Peter2000" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Peter (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eastindianmusici00manu"><i>East Indian Music in the West Indies: Tan-singing, Chutney, and the Making of Indo-Caribbean Culture. Temple University Press, 2000</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-763-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-763-4"><bdi>1-56639-763-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Indian+Music+in+the+West+Indies%3A+Tan-singing%2C+Chutney%2C+and+the+Making+of+Indo-Caribbean+Culture.+Temple+University+Press%2C+2000&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-56639-763-4&rft.au=Manuel%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feastindianmusici00manu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusic+of+Guyana" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li>"The African Folk Music Tradition from Guyana: A Discourse and Performance". Brown Bag Colloquium Series 2003–2004.</li> <li>Seals, Ray. "The Making of Popular Guyanese Music"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bolivia" title="Music of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chile" title="Music of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Ecuador" title="Music of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Paraguay" title="Music of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Peru" title="Music of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Suriname" title="Music of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Uruguay" title="Music of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Venezuela" title="Music of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_French_Guiana" title="Music of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span 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