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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Instruments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_guitar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_guitar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Classical guitar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_guitar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drums_and_percussion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drums_and_percussion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Drums and percussion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drums_and_percussion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bossa_nova_and_samba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bossa_nova_and_samba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Bossa nova and samba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bossa_nova_and_samba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vocals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes_and_lyrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes_and_lyrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Themes and lyrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes_and_lyrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_bossa_nova_recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_bossa_nova_recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable bossa nova recordings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_bossa_nova_recordings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable bossa nova recordings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_bossa_nova_recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Albums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bossa nova</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7" title="بوسا نوفا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوسا نوفا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosa_nova" title="Bosa nova – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bosa nova" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE" title="বোসা নোভা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোসা নোভা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Боса нова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Боса нова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossanova" title="Bossanova – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bossanova" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_Nova" title="Bossa Nova – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bossa Nova" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossanoova" title="Bossanoova – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bossanoova" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B1" title="Μπόσα νόβα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπόσα νόβα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_Nova" title="Bossa Nova – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bossa Nova" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="بوسا نووا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوسا نووا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%82%AC%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94" title="보사노바 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보사노바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="בוסה נובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוסה נובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90-%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ბოსა-ნოვა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოსა-ნოვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_Nova" title="Bossa Nova – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bossa Nova" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossanova" title="Bossanova – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bossanova" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B5%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1" title="ボサノヴァ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボサノヴァ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossanova" title="Bossanova – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bossanova" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_Nova" title="Bossa Nova – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bossa Nova" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Босанова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Босанова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaaci" title="Qaaci – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qaaci" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%86%DA%A4%D8%A7" title="بۆسا نۆڤا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆسا نۆڤا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Боса нова – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боса нова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2" title="บอสซาโนวา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บอสซาโนวา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Босанова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Босанова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bossa nova" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%BA%E7%93%A6" title="巴萨诺瓦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴萨诺瓦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%BE%E7%93%A6" title="巴薩諾瓦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴薩諾瓦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q486263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bossa nova (disambiguation)">Bossa nova (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bossa" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bossa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bossa (disambiguation)">Bossa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Bossa nova</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia,_1972.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Baden_Powell_no_Teatro_da_Praia%2C_1972.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5583" data-file-height="4163" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Vinicius_de_Moraes" title="Vinicius de Moraes">Vinicius de Moraes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baden_Powell_(guitarist)" title="Baden Powell (guitarist)">Baden Powell</a> at the Teatro da Praia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Music">Classical</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/South_Zone_(Rio_de_Janeiro)" title="South Zone (Rio de Janeiro)">South Zone</a> of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba-jazz" title="Samba-jazz">Samba-jazz</a></li><li>Sambalanço</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bossa nova</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈbɔsɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnɔvɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/af\/Br-BossaNova.ogg\/Br-BossaNova.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Br-BossaNova.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/Br-BossaNova.ogg/Br-BossaNova.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Br-BossaNova.ogg" title="File:Br-BossaNova.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a relaxed style of <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mainly characterized by a calm <a href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopated</a> rhythm with chords and fingerstyle mimicking the beat of a samba groove, as if it was a simplification and stylization on the guitar of the rhythm produced by a <a href="/wiki/Samba_school" title="Samba school">samba school</a> band. Another defining characteristic of the style is the use of unconventional chords in some cases with complex progressions and "ambiguous" harmonies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatliff2019_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERatliff2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common misconception is that these complex chords and harmonies were derived from <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, but samba guitar players have been using similar <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arrangement</a> structures since the early 1920s, indicating a case of parallel evolution of styles rather than a simple transference from jazz to bossa nova.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, bossa nova was influenced by jazz, both in the harmonies used and also by the instrumentation of songs, and today many bossa nova songs are considered <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">jazz standards</a>. The popularity of bossa nova has helped to renew samba and contributed to the modernization of <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazilian music</a> in general. </p><p>One of the major innovations of bossa nova was the way to synthesize the rhythm of samba on the <a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">classical guitar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to musicologist <a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Mendes" title="Gilberto Mendes">Gilberto Mendes</a>, the bossa nova was one of the "three rhythmic phases of samba", in which the "bossa beat" had been extracted by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a> from the traditional samba.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The synthesis performed by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">Gilberto</a>'s guitar was a reduction of the "<a href="/wiki/Batucada" title="Batucada">batucada</a>" of samba, a stylization produced from one of the percussion instruments: the thumb stylized a <a href="/wiki/Surdo" title="Surdo">surdo</a>; the index, middle and ring fingers phrased like a tamborim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In line with this thesis, musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Baden_Powell_(guitarist)" title="Baden Powell (guitarist)">Baden Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Menescal" title="Roberto Menescal">Roberto Menescal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_B%C3%B4scoli" title="Ronaldo Bôscoli">Ronaldo Bôscoli</a> also understand the bossa nova beat as being extracted from the <a href="/wiki/Tamborim" title="Tamborim">tamborim</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/Bateria" title="Bateria">bateria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia199921_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia199921-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png/390px-Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png/585px-Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png/780px-Bossa_nova_dance_pattern.png 2x" data-file-width="1697" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Bossa nova <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In Brazil, the word <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa</i></span> is old-fashioned slang for something done with particular charm, natural flair or innate ability. As early as 1932, <a href="/wiki/Noel_Rosa" title="Noel Rosa">Noel Rosa</a> used the word in a samba: </p> <dl><dd><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">"O samba, a prontidão e outras bossas são nossas coisas, são coisas nossas."</i></span></dd> <dd>("Samba, readiness and other <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossas</i></span> are our things, are things from us.")</dd></dl> <p>The phrase <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa nova</i></span>, translated literally, means "new trend" or "new wave" in Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact origin of the term <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa nova</i></span> remained unclear for many decades, according to some authors. Within the artistic beach culture of the late 1950s in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, the term <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa</i></span> was used to refer to any new "trend" or "fashionable wave". In his book <i>Bossa Nova</i>, Brazilian author <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Castro" title="Ruy Castro">Ruy Castro</a> asserts that <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa</i></span> was already in use in the 1950s by musicians as a word to characterize someone's knack for playing or singing idiosyncratically.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Castro claims that the term <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa nova</i></span> might have first been used in public for a concert given in 1957 by the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;">Grupo Universitário Hebraico do Brasil</span></span> ('Hebrew University Group of Brazil'). The authorship of the term <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">bossa nova</i></span> is attributed to the then-young journalist Moyses Fuks, who was promoting the event.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That group consisted of <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Telles" title="Sylvia Telles">Sylvia Telles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Lyra" title="Carlos Lyra">Carlos Lyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nara_Le%C3%A3o" title="Nara Leão">Nara Leão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luiz_E%C3%A7a" title="Luiz Eça">Luiz Eça</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Menescal" title="Roberto Menescal">Roberto Menescal</a>, and others. Mr Fuks's description, fully supported by most of the bossa nova members, simply read <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">"HOJE. SYLVIA TELLES E UM GRUPO BOSSA NOVA"</i></span> ("Today. Sylvia Telles and a 'Bossa Nova' group"), since Sylvia Telles was the most famous musician in the group at that time. </p><p>In 1959, Nara Leão also participated in more than one embryonic display of bossa nova. These include the 1st Festival de Samba Session, conducted by the student union of <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pontif%C3%ADcia_Universidade_Cat%C3%B3lica" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontifícia Universidade Católica">Pontifícia Universidade Católica</a></span></span>. This session was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Diegues" title="Carlos Diegues">Carlos Diegues</a> (later a prominent <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a>), a law student whom Leão ultimately married.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959, the soundtrack to the film <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Orpheus" title="Black Orpheus">Black Orpheus</a></i> (Orfeu Negro) was released, which included the future <a href="/wiki/Manh%C3%A3_de_Carnaval" title="Manhã de Carnaval">Manhã de Carnaval</a>, "The Morning of the Carnival". The style emerged at the time when <a href="/wiki/Samba-can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Samba-canção">samba-canção</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the dominant rhythm in the Brazilian music scene.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeveriano2009273_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeveriano2009273-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatos2015130_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatos2015130-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first appearance was on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Amor_Demais" title="Canção do Amor Demais">Canção do Amor Demais</a></i>, in which the singer <a href="/wiki/Elizeth_Cardoso" title="Elizeth Cardoso">Elizeth Cardoso</a> recorded two compositions by the duo <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinicius_de_Moraes" title="Vinicius de Moraes">Vinicius de Moraes</a>, "Outra Vez" and "<a href="/wiki/Chega_de_Saudade" title="Chega de Saudade">Chega de Saudade</a>", which were accompanied by João Gilberto's guitar. It was the first time that the Bahian musician presented the beat of his guitar that would become characteristic of the style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By accompanying Cardoso's voice, Gilberto innovated in the way of pacing the rhythm, accentuating the weak times, to carry out a synthesis of the beat of samba to guitar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, João Gilberto's bossa album was released, containing the tracks "Chega de Saudade" and "Bim Bom".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considered the landmark of the birth of bossa nova,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it also featured Gilberto's innovative way of singing samba, which was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Dorival_Caymmi" title="Dorival Caymmi">Dorival Caymmi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachado201136_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachado201136-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaymmi2001377_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaymmi2001377-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the LP <i><a href="/wiki/Chega_de_Saudade_(album)" title="Chega de Saudade (album)">Chega de Saudade</a></i>, released in 1959, Gilberto consolidated the bossa nova as a new style of playing samba.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatliff2019_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERatliff2019-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His innovative way of playing and singing samba, combined with the harmonies of Antônio Carlos Jobim and the lyrics of Vinicius de Moraes, found immediate resonance among musicians who were looking for new approaches to samba in Rio de Janeiro,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of them were influenced by American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva2017133-137_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2017133-137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964 João Gilberto and Stan Getz released the <i><a href="/wiki/Getz/Gilberto" title="Getz/Gilberto">Getz/Gilberto</a></i> album. Then, it emerged an artistic movement around Gilberto and other professional artists such as Jobim, Moraes and <a href="/wiki/Baden_Powell_(guitarist)" title="Baden Powell (guitarist)">Baden Powell</a>, among others, which attracted young amateur musicians from the <a href="/wiki/South_Zone_(Rio_de_Janeiro)" title="South Zone (Rio de Janeiro)">South Zone of Rio</a> – such as <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Lyra" title="Carlos Lyra">Carlos Lyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Menescal" title="Roberto Menescal">Roberto Menescal</a>, Ronaldo Bôscoli and <a href="/wiki/Nara_Le%C3%A3o" title="Nara Leão">Nara Leão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546–47_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546–47-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jorge Ben wrote "<a href="/wiki/Mas_que_Nada" title="Mas que Nada">Mas que Nada</a>" in 1963, and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Mendes" title="Sérgio Mendes">Sérgio Mendes</a> & Brazil 66 gained a bossa rock hit "Mas que Nada" in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was inducted to the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Grammy_Hall_of_Fame" title="Latin Grammy Hall of Fame">Latin Grammy Hall of Fame</a>. In the 1960s, US jazz artists such as Stan Getz, Hank Mobley, Dave Brubeck, Zoot Sims, Paul Winter and Quincy Jones recorded bossa jazz albums. </p><p>Bossa nova continues to influence popular music around the world, from the 1960s to today. An example is the song "<a href="/wiki/Break_On_Through_(To_the_Other_Side)" title="Break On Through (To the Other Side)">Break on Through (To the Other Side)</a>" by American rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a>, especially the drum beat. Drummer <a href="/wiki/John_Densmore" title="John Densmore">John Densmore</a> has stated that he was very influenced by the sounds of Brazil when coming up with the drum part for the song.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent reference is the Icelandic jazz pop singer <a href="/wiki/Laufey_(singer)" title="Laufey (singer)">Laufey</a> and her hit song "<a href="/wiki/From_the_Start" title="From the Start">From The Start</a>", with its bossa nova infused rhythm.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_guitar">Classical guitar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classical guitar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg/200px-Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg/300px-Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg/400px-Jarkko_Toivonen_Jumo_Jazz_Club_1993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Jarkko Toivonen performing in 1993.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bossa nova is most commonly performed on the nylon-string <a href="/wiki/Classical_guitar" title="Classical guitar">classical guitar</a>, played with the fingers rather than with a <a href="/wiki/Guitar_pick" title="Guitar pick">pick</a>. Its purest form could be considered unaccompanied guitar with vocals, as created, pioneered, and exemplified by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a>. Even in larger, jazz-like arrangements for groups, there is almost always a guitar that plays the underlying rhythm. Gilberto basically took one of the several rhythmic layers from a <a href="/wiki/Samba_ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba ensemble">samba ensemble</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Tamborim" title="Tamborim">tamborim</a>, and applied it to the picking hand. According to Brazilian musician Paulo Bittencourt, João Gilberto, known for his eccentricity and obsessed by the idea of finding a new way of playing the guitar, sometimes locked himself in the bathroom, where he played one and the same chord for many hours in a row.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG/200px-Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG/300px-Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Basic_bossa_nova_guitar_rhythm.PNG 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption>A basic bossa nova guitar rhythm for a C major chord. Note the syncopation in the chord's rhythm and the sixth and ninth added to the C major for a richer sound.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drums_and_percussion">Drums and percussion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Drums and percussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in samba, the <a href="/wiki/Surdo" title="Surdo">surdo</a> plays an ostinato figure on the downbeat of beat one, the "ah" of beat one, the downbeat of beat two and the "ah" of beat two. The <a href="/wiki/Clave_(rhythm)" title="Clave (rhythm)">clave</a> pattern sounds very similar to the two-three or three-two son clave of Cuban styles such as <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">mambo</a> but is dissimilar in that the "two" side of the clave is pushed by an eighth note. Also important in the percussion section for bossa nova is the <a href="/wiki/Cabasa" title="Cabasa">cabasa</a>, which plays a steady sixteenth-note pattern. These parts are easily adaptable to the drum set, which makes bossa nova a rather popular Brazilian style for drummers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain other instrumentations and vocals are also part of the structure of bossa nova. These include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bossa_nova_and_samba">Bossa nova and samba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bossa nova and samba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg/390px-Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg/585px-Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg/780px-Bossa-nova-rhythm1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="52" /></a><figcaption>Basic bossa nova accompaniment pattern <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c5\/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid\/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid/Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid" title="File:Bossa-nova-rhythm1.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Bossa nova has at its core a <a href="/wiki/Rhythm" title="Rhythm">rhythm</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">samba</a>. Samba combines the rhythmic patterns and feel originating in afro-Brazilian slave communities. Samba's emphasis on the second <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)" title="Beat (music)">beat</a> carries through to bossa nova (to the degree that it is often notated in 2/4 time). However, unlike samba, bossa nova has no dance steps to accompany it.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When played on the guitar, in a simple one-bar pattern, the thumb plays the bass notes on 1 and 2, while the fingers pluck the chords in unison on the two eighth notes of beat one, followed by the second sixteenth note of beat two. Two-measure patterns usually contain a <a href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopation</a> into the second measure. Syncopation is a common feature of bossa nova, giving it its distinct "swaying" motion. While jazz music, which is typically swung, also contains syncopation, bossa nova is typically played without swing, contrasting with jazz. As bossa nova composer <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Lyra" title="Carlos Lyra">Carlos Lyra</a> describes it in his song "Influência do Jazz", the samba rhythm moves "side to side" while jazz moves "front to back". There's also some evidence indicating a musical influence of blues in bossa nova, even thought this effect is not immediately recognized in the genre structure.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocals">Vocals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vocals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from the guitar style, João Gilberto's other innovation was the projection of the singing voice. Prior to bossa nova, Brazilian singers employed brassy, almost operatic styles. Now, the characteristic nasal vocal production of bossa nova is a peculiar trait of the <a href="/wiki/Caboclo" title="Caboclo">caboclo</a> folk tradition of northeastern Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes_and_lyrics">Themes and lyrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Themes and lyrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lyrical themes found in bossa nova include women, love, longing, homesickness, nature. Bossa Nova was often apolitical. The musical lyrics of the late 1950s depicted the easy life of the middle to upper-class Brazilians, though the majority of the population was in the working class. In conjunction with political developments of the early 1960s (especially the 1964 military <a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">coup d'état</a>), the popularity of bossa nova was eclipsed by <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a></span></span>, a musical genre that appeared around the mid-1960s, featuring lyrics that were more politically charged and focused on the working class struggle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dance">Dance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Bossa nova</b> was also a <a href="/wiki/Fad_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fad dance">fad dance</a> that corresponded to the music. It was introduced in the late 1950s and faded out in the mid-sixties.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (May 2022)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Bossa nova music, with its soft, sophisticated vocal rhythms and improvisations, is well suited for listening but failed to become dance music despite heavy promotion in the 1960s. The style of basic dance steps suited the music well. It was danced on "soft" knees that allowed for sideways sways with hip motions and it could be danced both solo and in pairs. About ten various simple step patterns were published. </p><p>A variant of basic 8-beat pattern was: "step forward, tap, step back, step together, repeat from the opposite foot". A variation of this pattern was a kind of slow <a href="/wiki/Samba_(Brazilian_dance)" title="Samba (Brazilian dance)">samba</a> walk, with "step together" above replaced by "replace". <a href="/wiki/Box_step" title="Box step">Box steps</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhumba" title="Rhumba">rhumba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whisk_(ballroom_dance)" title="Whisk (ballroom dance)">whisk</a> steps of <a href="/wiki/Nightclub_two_step" title="Nightclub two step">nightclub two step</a> could be fitted with bossa-nova styling. Embellishments included placing one arm onto one's own belly and waving another arm at waist level in the direction of the sway, possibly with a finger click.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_bossa_nova_recordings">Notable bossa nova recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable bossa nova recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albums">Albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Albums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Gilberto" title="João Gilberto">João Gilberto</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chega_de_Saudade_(album)" title="Chega de Saudade (album)">Chega de Saudade</a></i> (recorded 1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Amor,_o_Sorriso_e_a_Flor" title="O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor">O Amor, o Sorriso e a Flor</a></i> (recorded 1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Getz/Gilberto" title="Getz/Gilberto">Getz/Gilberto</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a> (recorded 18 & 19 March 1963, released 1964)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_Bonf%C3%A1" title="Luiz Bonfá">Luiz Bonfá</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luiz_Bonf%C3%A1_Plays_and_Sings_Bossa_Nova" title="Luiz Bonfá Plays and Sings Bossa Nova">Luiz Bonfá Plays and Sings Bossa Nova</a></i> (recorded December, 1962)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="Antônio Carlos Jobim">Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Composer_of_Desafinado_Plays" title="The Composer of Desafinado Plays">The Composer of Desafinado Plays</a></i> (recorded 9 & 10 May 1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_World_of_Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim" title="The Wonderful World of Antônio Carlos Jobim">The Wonderful World of Antônio Carlos Jobim</a></i> (recorded 1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wave_(Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Jobim_album)" title="Wave (Antônio Carlos Jobim album)">Wave</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i>Tide</i> (1970)</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Songs">Songs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Manh%C3%A3_de_Carnaval" title="Manhã de Carnaval">Manhã de Carnaval</a>," The morning of the carnival–Luiz Bonfa (1959), From Film "Black Orpheus" (Orpheu Negro)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Girl_From_Ipanema" class="mw-redirect" title="The Girl From Ipanema">The Girl From Ipanema</a>"—<a href="/wiki/Astrud_Gilberto" title="Astrud Gilberto">Astrud Gilberto</a> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Bossa" title="Blue Bossa">Blue Bossa</a>"—<a href="/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a> (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/From_the_Start" title="From the Start">From the Start</a>" —<a href="/wiki/Laufey_(singer)" title="Laufey (singer)">Laufey</a> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/32px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/48px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/64px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Brazil portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/27px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/40px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/53px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Blame_It_on_the_Bossa_Nova" title="Blame It on the Bossa Nova">Blame It on the Bossa Nova</a>" – Eydie Gorme, 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-chá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba" title="Rumba">Rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango music</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The center of bossa nova remains, as for samba and subgenre of jazz, the song. Its intuition is lyrical and, even in the most sophisticated products, demands that one believes in a kind of spontaneity. Jazz, whose fundamental intuition is of a technical nature, privileges the chord".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMammi199263–64_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMammi199263–64-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A slower tempo samba featured by a dominance of the melodic line over the main rhythmic<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETatit199623_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETatit199623-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMammi199263–64-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMammi199263–64_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMammi1992">Mammi 1992</a>, pp. 63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEBC2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEBC2018_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEBC2018">EBC 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERatliff2019-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatliff2019_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERatliff2019_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRatliff2019">Ratliff 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopesSimas2015">Lopes & Simas 2015</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201548_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopesSimas2015">Lopes & Simas 2015</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia2019_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarcia2019">Garcia 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarcia199921-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarcia199921_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarcia1999">Garcia 1999</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blatter, Alfred (2007). <i>Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice</i>, p.28. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-97440-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-97440-2">0-415-97440-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bossa%20nova">"Definition of Bossa Nova"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>. <q>Origin and Etymology: Portuguese, literally, 'new trend'. First Known Use: 1962</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Bossa+Nova&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fbossa%2520nova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castro, Ruy (transl. by Lysa Salsbury). <i>Bossa Nova: The Story of the Brazilian Music That Seduced the World</i>. 2000. 1st English language edition. A Capella Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55652-409-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55652-409-9">1-55652-409-9</a> First published in Brasil by Companhia das Letras (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfonso2010" class="citation web cs1">Afonso, Carlos Alberto (20 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogdatocadovinicius.blogspot.com/2010/02/0025-moyses-fuks-na-calcada.html">"BLOG DA TOCA: 000026 - MOYSÉS FUKS na CALÇADA da FAMA de IPANEMA"</a>. <i>BLOG DA TOCA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BLOG+DA+TOCA&rft.atitle=BLOG+DA+TOCA%3A+000026+-+MOYS%C3%89S+FUKS+na+CAL%C3%87ADA+da+FAMA+de+IPANEMA&rft.date=2010-02-20&rft.aulast=Afonso&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogdatocadovinicius.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F02%2F0025-moyses-fuks-na-calcada.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bossanova.folha.com.br/autores-6-carreira.html">"Nara Leão"</a>. <i>bossanova.folha.com.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bossanova.folha.com.br&rft.atitle=Nara+Le%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbossanova.folha.com.br%2Fautores-6-carreira.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETatit199623-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETatit199623_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTatit1996">Tatit 1996</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeveriano2009273-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeveriano2009273_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeveriano2009">Severiano 2009</a>, p. 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatos2015130-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatos2015130_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatos2015">Matos 2015</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro2018-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro2018_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastro2018">Castro 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachado201136-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachado201136_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMachado2011">Machado 2011</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaymmi2001377-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaymmi2001377_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaymmi2001">Caymmi 2001</a>, p. 377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarcondes1977106–107_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarcondes1977">Marcondes 1977</a>, pp. 106–107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilva2017133-137-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilva2017133-137_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilva2017">Silva 2017</a>, p. 133-137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546–47-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopesSimas201546–47_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopesSimas2015">Lopes & Simas 2015</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzevedo" class="citation magazine cs1">Azevedo, Zeca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rollingstone.uol.com.br/listas/100-maiores-musicas-brasileiras/mas-que-nada/">"As 100 Maiores Músicas Brasileiras – "Mas que Nada"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> Brasil</i>. Spring<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone+Brasil&rft.atitle=As+100+Maiores+M%C3%BAsicas+Brasileiras+%E2%80%93+%22Mas+que+Nada%22&rft.aulast=Azevedo&rft.aufirst=Zeca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frollingstone.uol.com.br%2Flistas%2F100-maiores-musicas-brasileiras%2Fmas-que-nada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfQAaK1pFM4"><i>The Story of "Break on Through" by The Doors</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+%22Break+on+Through%22+by+The+Doors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DyfQAaK1pFM4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onestowatch.com/en/blog/laufey-love-from-the-start">"Laufey Crafts a Bossa Nova-Infused Love Triangle in "From The Start"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>, <i>onestowatch.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=onestowatch.com&rft.atitle=Laufey+Crafts+a+Bossa+Nova-Infused+Love+Triangle+in+%22From+The+Start%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonestowatch.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Flaufey-love-from-the-start&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBittencourt" class="citation web cs1">Bittencourt, Paulo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@free.thinker/the-history-of-bossa-nova-5b003a0c6429">"What is bossa nova? Musician Paulo Bittencourt tells the story"</a>. <i>medium.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medium.com&rft.atitle=What+is+bossa+nova%3F+Musician+Paulo+Bittencourt+tells+the+story&rft.aulast=Bittencourt&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40free.thinker%2Fthe-history-of-bossa-nova-5b003a0c6429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollin2008" class="citation news cs1">Collin, Mark (26 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/jun/27/filmandmusic1.filmandmusic2">"Step one, pour yourself a drink ..."</a> <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Step+one%2C+pour+yourself+a+drink+...&rft.date=2008-06-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Collin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fculture%2F2008%2Fjun%2F27%2Ffilmandmusic1.filmandmusic2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann2007" class="citation journal cs1">McCann, Bryan (2007). "Blues and Samba: Another Side of Bossa Nova History". <i>Luso-Brazilian Review</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 21–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Flbr.2008.0005">10.1353/lbr.2008.0005</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145569698">145569698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Luso-Brazilian+Review&rft.atitle=Blues+and+Samba%3A+Another+Side+of+Bossa+Nova+History&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21-49&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Flbr.2008.0005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145569698%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Caboclos</i> refers to the mixed-race population (Indians or Africans 'imported' to the region during the slave era, and Europeans) who generally live along the Amazon's riverbanks." From "Two Cases on Participatory Municipal Planning on natural-resource management in the Brazilian Amazon", by GRET – Groupe de Recherche et d'Échanges Technologiques, France (in English)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000003663">"Bossa nova"</a>. <i>Grove Music Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Bossa+nova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000003663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritageinstitute.com/danceinfo/descriptions/bossa_nova.htm">"Introduction to Bossa Nova Dancing"</a>. <i>www.heritageinstitute.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.heritageinstitute.com&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Bossa+Nova+Dancing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritageinstitute.com%2Fdanceinfo%2Fdescriptions%2Fbossa_nova.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldielyrics.com/lyrics/stan_getz/the_girl_from_ipanema.html">"The Girl From Ipanema"</a>. OldieLyrics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Girl+From+Ipanema&rft.pub=OldieLyrics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oldielyrics.com%2Flyrics%2Fstan_getz%2Fthe_girl_from_ipanema.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalia2024" class="citation news cs1">Kalia, Ammar (3 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/mar/03/laufey-jonsdottir-iceland-bewitched-tour-grammys-interview">"TikTok jazz sensation Laufey: 'It's no longer about genre, it's about feeling and mood'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0029-7712">0029-7712</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=TikTok+jazz+sensation+Laufey%3A+%E2%80%98It%E2%80%99s+no+longer+about+genre%2C+it%E2%80%99s+about+feeling+and+mood%E2%80%99&rft.date=2024-03-03&rft.issn=0029-7712&rft.aulast=Kalia&rft.aufirst=Ammar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2024%2Fmar%2F03%2Flaufey-jonsdottir-iceland-bewitched-tour-grammys-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarvalho1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carvalho, Hermínio Bello de (1986). <i>Mudando de Conversa</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1ª ed.). São Paulo: Martins Fontes.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mudando+de+Conversa&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.edition=1%C2%AA&rft.pub=Martins+Fontes&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Carvalho&rft.aufirst=Herm%C3%ADnio+Bello+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaymmi2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caymmi, Stella (2001). <i>Dorival Caymmi: o mar e o tempo</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1ª ed.). São Paulo: Editora 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dorival+Caymmi%3A+o+mar+e+o+tempo&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.edition=1%C2%AA&rft.pub=Editora+34&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Caymmi&rft.aufirst=Stella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopesSimas2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lopes, Nei; Simas, Luiz Antonio (2015). <i>Dicionário da História Social do Samba</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (2ª ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+da+Hist%C3%B3ria+Social+do+Samba&rft.place=Rio+de+Janeiro&rft.edition=2%C2%AA&rft.pub=Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Brasileira&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lopes&rft.aufirst=Nei&rft.au=Simas%2C+Luiz+Antonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachado2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Machado, Regina Stela Barcelos (2011). <i>A voz na canção popular brasileira: um estudo sobre a Vanguarda Paulista</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1ª ed.). São Paulo: Atelie Editorial.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+voz+na+can%C3%A7%C3%A3o+popular+brasileira%3A+um+estudo+sobre+a+Vanguarda+Paulista&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.edition=1%C2%AA&rft.pub=Atelie+Editorial&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.aufirst=Regina+Stela+Barcelos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcondes1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcondes, Marcos Antônio, ed. (1977). <i>Enciclopédia da música brasileira - erudita, folclórica e popular</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1ª ed.). São Paulo: Art Ed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enciclop%C3%A9dia+da+m%C3%BAsica+brasileira+-+erudita%2C+folcl%C3%B3rica+e+popular&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.edition=1%C2%AA&rft.pub=Art+Ed&rft.date=1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeveriano2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Severiano, Jairo (2009). <i>Uma história da música popular brasileira: das origens à modernidade</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uma+hist%C3%B3ria+da+m%C3%BAsica+popular+brasileira%3A+das+origens+%C3%A0+modernidade&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.pub=Editora+34&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Severiano&rft.aufirst=Jairo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTatit1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tatit, Luiz (1996). <i>O cancionista: composição de canções no Brasil</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Edusp.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+cancionista%3A+composi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+can%C3%A7%C3%B5es+no+Brasil&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.pub=Edusp&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Tatit&rft.aufirst=Luiz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMammi1992" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mammi, Lorenzo (November 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pesquisahistoricaurca.files.wordpress.com/2013/12/joao_gilberto-e-o-projeto-da-bossa-nova.pdf">"João Gilberto e a Utopia Social da Bossa Nova"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Novos Estudos Cebrap</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese) (34). São Paulo: 63–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novos+Estudos+Cebrap&rft.atitle=Jo%C3%A3o+Gilberto+e+a+Utopia+Social+da+Bossa+Nova&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=63-70&rft.date=1992-11&rft.aulast=Mammi&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpesquisahistoricaurca.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F12%2Fjoao_gilberto-e-o-projeto-da-bossa-nova.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatos2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Matos, Cláudia Neiva de (2015) [2013]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seer.ufu.br/index.php/artcultura/article/view/29339">"Gêneros na canção popular: os casos do samba e do samba-canção"</a>. <i>Artcultura</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). <b>15</b> (27). Uberlândia: Federal University of Uberlândia: 121–132.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artcultura&rft.atitle=G%C3%AAneros+na+can%C3%A7%C3%A3o+popular%3A+os+casos+do+samba+e+do+samba-can%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=27&rft.pages=121-132&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Matos&rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A1udia+Neiva+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seer.ufu.br%2Findex.php%2Fartcultura%2Farticle%2Fview%2F29339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva2017" class="citation thesis cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Silva, Rafael Mariano Camilo da (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufu.br/bitstream/123456789/24302/1/DesafinadoDisson%C3%A2nciasDiscursos"><i>Desafinado: dissonâncias nos discursos acerca da influência do Jazz na Bossa Nova</i></a> (Master) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Uberlândia: Federal University of Uberlândia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Desafinado%3A+disson%C3%A2ncias+nos+discursos+acerca+da+influ%C3%AAncia+do+Jazz+na+Bossa+Nova&rft.inst=Federal+University+of+Uberl%C3%A2ndia&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Rafael+Mariano+Camilo+da&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.ufu.br%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F24302%2F1%2FDesafinadoDisson%25C3%25A2nciasDiscursos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastro2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Castro, Ruy (9 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2018/07/gravacao-de-chega-de-saudade-foi-um-parto-mas-elevou-a-eternidade-som-sem-nome.shtml">"Gravação de 'Chega de Saudade' foi um parto, mas elevou à eternidade som sem nome"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grava%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+%27Chega+de+Saudade%27+foi+um+parto%2C+mas+elevou+%C3%A0+eternidade+som+sem+nome&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Ruy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Filustrada%2F2018%2F07%2Fgravacao-de-chega-de-saudade-foi-um-parto-mas-elevou-a-eternidade-som-sem-nome.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Garcia, Walter (1999). <i>Bim Bom: a contradição sem conflitos de João Gilberto</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo: Paz e Terra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bim+Bom%3A+a+contradi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+sem+conflitos+de+Jo%C3%A3o+Gilberto&rft.place=S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.pub=Paz+e+Terra&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Garcia, Walter (22 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/2019/07/a-bossa-nova-e-solista-e-dificulta-manifestacoes-coletivas-como-no-samba.shtml">"Batucada do samba cabia na mão de João Gilberto"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Batucada+do+samba+cabia+na+m%C3%A3o+de+Jo%C3%A3o+Gilberto&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Filustrada%2F2019%2F07%2Fa-bossa-nova-e-solista-e-dificulta-manifestacoes-coletivas-como-no-samba.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff2019" class="citation news cs1">Ratliff, Ben (6 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/06/arts/music/joao-gilberto-dead-bossa-nova.html">"João Gilberto, an Architect of Bossa Nova, Is Dead at 88"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (published 6 July 2019)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jo%C3%A3o+Gilberto%2C+an+Architect+of+Bossa+Nova%2C+Is+Dead+at+88&rft.date=2019-07-06&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F07%2F06%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjoao-gilberto-dead-bossa-nova.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEBC2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conteudo.ebc.com.br/portal/projetos/2018/bossa-nova">"60 anos de Bossa Nova"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese). EBC. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=60+anos+de+Bossa+Nova&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconteudo.ebc.com.br%2Fportal%2Fprojetos%2F2018%2Fbossa-nova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABossa+nova" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Castro, Ruy (transl. by Lysa Salsbury). <i>Bossa Nova: The Story of the Brazilian Music That Seduced the World.</i> 2000. 1st English language edition. A Capella Books, an imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55652-409-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55652-409-9">1-55652-409-9</a> First published in Brasil by Companhia das Letras. 1990.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildo_De_Stefano" title="Gildo De Stefano">De Stefano, Gildo</a>, <i>Il popolo del samba, La vicenda e i protagonisti della storia della musica popolare brasiliana</i>, Preface by Chico Buarque de Hollanda, Introduction by Gianni Minà, RAI-ERI, Rome 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8839713484" title="Special:BookSources/8839713484">8839713484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildo_De_Stefano" title="Gildo De Stefano">De Stefano, Gildo</a>, <i>Saudade <a href="/wiki/Bossa_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Bossa Nova">Bossa Nova</a>: musiche, contaminazioni e ritmi del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brasile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brasile (page does not exist)">Brasile</a></i>, Preface by <a href="/wiki/Chico_Buarque" title="Chico Buarque">Chico Buarque</a>, Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Min%C3%A0" title="Gianni Minà">Gianni Minà</a>, Logisma Editore, <a href="/wiki/Firenze" class="mw-redirect" title="Firenze">Firenze</a> 2017, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-97530-88-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-97530-88-6">978-88-97530-88-6</a></li> <li>McGowan, Chris and Pessanha, Ricardo. <i>The Brazilian Sound: Samba, Bossa Nova and the Popular Music of Brazil.</i> 1998. 2nd edition. Temple University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56639-545-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56639-545-3">1-56639-545-3</a></li> <li>Perrone, Charles A. <i>Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Song: MPB 1965–1985</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.</li> <li>Mei, Giancarlo. <i>Canto Latino: Origine, Evoluzione e Protagonisti della Musica Popolare del Brasile.</i> 2004. Stampa Alternativa-Nuovi Equilibri. Preface by Sergio Bardotti; afterword by Milton Nascimento. (in Italian)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bossa_nova&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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bossa nova was released to the world at Carnegie Hall in New York"</a> by Rénato Sergio, <i>Manchete</i> magazine, 1982 (in Portuguese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batucada" title="Batucada">Batucada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bossa nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">Pagode</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_rom%C3%A2ntico" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode romântico">Pagode romântico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_alto" title="Partido alto">Samba de partido-alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Samba-canção">Samba-canção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_breque" title="Samba de breque">Samba de breque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-enredo" title="Samba-enredo">Samba de enredo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba-choro" title="Samba-choro">Samba-choro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-funk" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-funk">Samba-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-jazz" title="Samba-jazz">Samba-jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: Samba (Brazilian dance); text-decoration: inherit;">Ballroom dance</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_Gafieira" title="Samba de Gafieira">Samba de Gafieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahian samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-batido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-batido">Samba-batido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-chulado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-chulado">Samba-chulado</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-corrido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-corrido">Samba-corrido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_duro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba duro">Samba duro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_junino" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba junino">Samba junino</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-raiado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-raiado">Samba-raiado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_afro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba afro">Samba afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Brazilian Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Samba_Carnaval" title="Helsinki Samba Carnaval">Helsinki Samba Carnaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_school" title="Samba school">Samba school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="mw-redirect" title="Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Music_from_Lusophone_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Template:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Template talk:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lusophone_countries_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lusophone countries music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Music_from_Lusophone_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music from <a href="/wiki/Geographical_distribution_of_Portuguese_speakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical distribution of Portuguese speakers">Lusophone countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Angola" title="Music of Angola">Angola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batid%C3%A3o_rom%C3%A2ntico" class="extiw" title="pt:Batidão romântico">Batidão romântico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semba" title="Semba">Semba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarraxinha" title="Tarraxinha">Tarraxinha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Brazil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ax%C3%A9" title="Axé">Axé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai%C3%A3o_(music)" title="Baião (music)">Baião</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_hip_hop" title="Brazilian hip hop">Brazilian hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia_hip_hop" title="Brasília hip hop">Brasília hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronda" title="Stronda">Stronda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_rap" title="Vigilante rap">Vigilante rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forrocore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forrocore (page does not exist)">Forrocore</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrocore" class="extiw" title="pt:Forrocore">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega_(music)" title="Brega (music)">Brega</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brega_funk" class="extiw" title="pt:Brega funk">Brega funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrobrega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrobrega (page does not exist)">Electrobrega</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrobrega" class="extiw" title="pt:Electrobrega">pt</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_brega" title="Tecno brega">Tecno brega</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choro" title="Choro">Choro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chula_(Rio_Grande_do_Sul)" class="extiw" title="pt:Chula (Rio Grande do Sul)">Chula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%B3" title="Forró">Forró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frevo" title="Frevo">Frevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_melody" title="Funk melody">Funk melody</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_carioca#Funknejo" class="extiw" title="pt:Funk carioca">Funknejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ostenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Funk ostentação">Funk ostentação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_ousadia" title="Funk ousadia">Funk ousadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proibid%C3%A3o" title="Proibidão">Proibidão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasteirinha" title="Rasteirinha">Rasteirinha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guitarrada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guitarrada (page does not exist)">Guitarrada</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitarrada" class="extiw" title="pt:Guitarrada">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_popular_brasileira" title="Música popular brasileira">Música popular brasileira</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brega_pop" title="Brega pop">Brega pop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisadinha" title="Pisadinha">Pisadinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seresta_(music)" title="Seresta (music)">Seresta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertanejo_music" title="Sertanejo music">Sertanejo music</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funk_carioca#Funknejo" class="extiw" title="pt:Funk carioca">Funknejo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja#Primeira_era_-_Música_Caipira_ou_Música_Sertaneja_Raiz" class="extiw" title="pt:Música sertaneja">Música Caipira</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_sertaneja#Primeira_era_-_Música_Caipira_ou_Música_Sertaneja_Raiz" class="extiw" title="pt:Música sertaneja">Música Sertaneja Raiz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaner%C3%A3o" class="extiw" title="pt:Vanerão">Vanerão</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Samba" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Samba" title="Samba">Samba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rio_urban_samba" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Rio urban samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Main subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batucada" title="Batucada">Batucada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bossa nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagode" title="Pagode">Pagode</a> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_rom%C3%A2ntico" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode romântico">Pagode romântico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partido_alto" title="Partido alto">Partido alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Samba-canção">Samba-canção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_breque" title="Samba de breque">Samba de breque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-enredo" title="Samba-enredo">Samba-enredo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Fusion genres of Samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba-choro" title="Samba-choro">Samba-choro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-funk" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-funk">Samba-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba-jazz" title="Samba-jazz">Samba-jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Ballroom dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samba_de_Gafieira" title="Samba de Gafieira">Samba de Gafieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Bahian samba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Rural sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-batido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-batido">Samba-batido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-chulado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-chulado">Samba-chulado</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-corrido" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-corrido">Samba-corrido</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_de_roda" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba de roda">Samba de roda</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_duro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba duro">Samba duro</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_junino" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba junino">Samba junino</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba-raiado" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba-raiado">Samba-raiado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Urban sambo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagode_baiano" class="extiw" title="pt:Pagode baiano">Bahian pagode</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_afro" class="extiw" title="pt:Samba afro">Samba afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_reggae" title="Samba reggae">Samba reggae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1" title="Colá">Colá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná">Funaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanka" title="Tabanka">Tabanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mozambique" title="Music of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marrabenta" title="Marrabenta">Marrabenta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Portugal" title="Music of Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cante_Alentejano" title="Cante Alentejano">Cante Alentejano</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chula_(Portugal)" class="extiw" title="pt:Chula (Portugal)">Chula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desgarrada" title="Desgarrada">Desgarrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_tuga" title="Hip hop tuga">Hip hop tuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimba" title="Pimba">Pimba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese rock">Portuguese rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_East_Timor" title="Music of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Goa" title="Music of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Music of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Macau" title="Music of Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Music of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baila_music" title="Baila music">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486263#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4271893-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh92006456">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bossas-novas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13329618d">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bossas-novas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13329618d">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00999827">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bossa nova"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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