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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>XIIª Squadriglia Squadriglia MAS</b> (<i><b>M</b>ezzi d'<b>As</b>salto</i>) (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> for "12th Assault Vessel <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">Squadron</a>") was a formation of the Italian Royal Navy (<i><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a></i>) which served on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a> as part of the Axis <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">siege of Leningrad</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">XII Squadriglia MAS</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MAS_528.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MAS_528.gif/220px-MAS_528.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MAS_528.gif/330px-MAS_528.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MAS_528.gif/440px-MAS_528.gif 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="415"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Italian torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a> <i>528</i> on Lake Ladoga in the Summer 1942, during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1942–October 1942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/46px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Regia_Marina" title="Regia Marina">Regia Marina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a> flotilla</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-submarine warfare</a><br><a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a><br><a href="/wiki/Direct_fire" title="Direct fire">Direct fire</a><br><a href="/wiki/Fire_support" title="Fire support">Fire support</a><br><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol" title="Maritime patrol">Maritime patrol</a><br><a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raiding</a><br><a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">Squadron</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">Sortanlahti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS boats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br>commanders</th><td class="infobox-data">Giuseppe Bianchini</td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Formation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Formation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Operational_history"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Operational history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>On 22 June 1941 the Axis, led by Nazi Germany, launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the invasion of the Soviet Union. During the summer of 1941 the Germans advanced into the USSR on three broad fronts, towards <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in the centre, and <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> in the south. </p><p>By August 1941 the German <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North" title="Army Group North">Army Group North</a> was on the outskirts of Leningrad, having occupied the Baltic states and northwest Russia, while the Finns had advanced south into the <a href="/wiki/Viipuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Viipuri">Viipuri</a> peninsula, leaving the city surrounded and cut off from all communication by land. The city's only communication route was by water, over Lake Ladoga. To service and preserve this route, the Soviets collected a fleet of over 50 merchant vessels, protected by more than 40 escort vessels, with which they ran supply convoys to the city. Against this, the Axis had little response; their only offensive force was a single Finnish ship, the <a href="/wiki/Sisu-class_motor_torpedo_boat" title="Sisu-class motor torpedo boat">torpedo boat <i>Sisu</i></a>, which was unable to interrupt the Soviet supply route. </p><p>In order to act against this supply route, the Axis determined to build up a naval presence on the lake, and, recognizing the <i>Regia Marina's</i> expertise in small boat operations, requested the dispatch of a force of <a href="/wiki/MAS_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAS (boat)">MAS boats</a> to the lake. In response the RM formed the XII MAS in April 1942. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Following the request to the RM for assistance in the lake operations the RM formed the XII MAS as a section of the <a href="/wiki/Decima_MAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Decima MAS">Decima MAS</a>. This took place in April 1942 at <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia" title="La Spezia">La Spezia</a>, on the Tyrrhenian Sea. XII MAS comprised four MAS boats and their crews and support staff, a total of 99 men, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Corvette_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvette Captain"><i>Capitano di Corvetta</i></a> Giuseppe Bianchini. </p><p>In May 1942 the force began the journey to the lake, loading the boats onto transports for the journey overland via the <a href="/wiki/Brenner_Pass" title="Brenner Pass">Brenner Pass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stettin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stettin">Stettin</a>, and by ship to <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. The final leg was by road to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sortanlahti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sortanlahti (page does not exist)">Sortanlahti</a> on Lake Ladoga, which served as the XII MAS's base of operations. The squadron arrived on 22 June 1942, 12 months to the day after the opening of Barbarossa. Already on the lake was the Finnish torpedo boat <i>Sisu</i>, and a German force, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Detachment_K" title="Naval Detachment K">Naval Detachment K</a>, composed of a number of minesweepers (KM) and armed barges (<a href="/wiki/Siebel_ferry" title="Siebel ferry">Siebel ferries</a>). The whole force was under the overall command of Colonel E I Järvinen, of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finnish Army</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operational history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SA-kuva_93156.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/SA-kuva_93156.jpg/220px-SA-kuva_93156.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4865" data-file-height="3544"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/SA-kuva_93156.jpg/220px-SA-kuva_93156.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/SA-kuva_93156.jpg/330px-SA-kuva_93156.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/SA-kuva_93156.jpg/440px-SA-kuva_93156.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>MAS 528 loaded on a train for railway transport to Lake Ladoga.</figcaption></figure> <p>The XII MAS commenced operations on 25 June 1942, making reconnaissance sweeps across the lake, landing observers behind Soviet lines, and searching for submarines. On 25 July MAS 526 was damaged in an accident, and was temporarily put out of action. </p><p>On 14 August MAS 527 and 528 intercepted a force of three Soviet gunboats; after an exchange of fire the MAS closed in and launched torpedoes, sinking one of the gunboats. </p><p>On 27 August MAS 527 encountered a Soviet convoy consisting of two tugs pulling a train of barges, escorted by a third tug. MAS 527 shadowed this group and summoned help, and with the arrival of MAS 528 attacked with torpedoes, causing the barge train to blow up. </p><p>On 1 September MAS 529 met two Soviet gunboats while on patrol off <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkosaari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkosaari (page does not exist)">Verkkosaari</a> island; she engaged them by gunfire, before retiring unharmed. On 29 September MAS 528 and 529, commanded by Bianchini, encountered a Soviet convoy of a tug and barge train, escorted by a gunboat. They were able to manoeuvre into position to make a torpedo attack, but scored no hits. </p><p>During October the force was involved in providing support to the land forces, as winter approached, and on 30 October the lake became too frozen for operations to continue. The XII MAS was evacuated from the base at Sortanlahti, withdrawing to winter quarters in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>. </p><p>The spring of 1943 saw a change in the war situation; the Regia Marina decided to transfer the XII MAS to the Mediterranean, though the four MAS boats were handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Navy" title="Finnish Navy">Finnish navy</a> rather than being transported back to Italy. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SA-kuva_114392.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-kuva_114392.jpg/220px-SA-kuva_114392.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4888" data-file-height="3397"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-kuva_114392.jpg/220px-SA-kuva_114392.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-kuva_114392.jpg/330px-SA-kuva_114392.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/SA-kuva_114392.jpg/440px-SA-kuva_114392.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The MAS leaves Lake Ladoga, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>Following its 1000-mile journey to its area of operations, XII MAS served on Lake Ladoga for a 90-day period, making 59 sorties, and engaging in 17 actions, during which they sank Soviet barges, a gunboat (Bira class) and a merchant ship of 1300 tons. Despite the skill and enthusiasm which the MAS brought to this corner of the Eastern Front, the combined operation was unable to stop Soviet efforts to maintain supply route to Leningrad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuge197826_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuge197826-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the winter of 1942/43 saw the <a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_Offensive_(1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyavino Offensive (1942)">Sinyavino offensive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra">Operation Iskra</a>, which led to an easing of the Soviet supply dilemma, though the siege was not completely lifted until January 1944. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuge197826-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuge197826_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuge1978">Ruge 1978</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRuge1978" class="citation book cs1">Ruge, F. (1978). <i>The Soviets As Naval Opponents 1941-1945</i>. Patrick Stephens. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-390-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-390-5"><bdi>0-85059-390-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soviets+As+Naval+Opponents+1941-1945&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85059-390-5&rft.aulast=Ruge&rft.aufirst=F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXII+Squadriglia+MAS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701141301/http://digilander.libero.it/avantisavoiait/MAS%20sul%20Lago%20Ladoga.htm">"MAS operations on Lake Ladoga"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digilander.libero.it/avantisavoiait/MAS%20sul%20Lago%20Ladoga.htm">the original</a> on 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MAS+operations+on+Lake+Ladoga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilander.libero.it%2Favantisavoiait%2FMAS%2520sul%2520Lago%2520Ladoga.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXII+Squadriglia+MAS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&oldid=1217983423">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&oldid=1217983423</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=XII_Squadriglia_MAS&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Srnec" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1712628125"> <span>Last edited on 9 April 2024, at 02:02</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%C2%AA_Squadriglia_MAS" title="12ª Squadriglia MAS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="12ª Squadriglia MAS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1" title="12-я эскадра МАС – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="12-я эскадра МАС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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