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id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Murkowski</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فرانک مرکاوسکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانک مرکاوسکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فرانک مرکاوسکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک مرکاوسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EB%A8%B8%EC%B9%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="프랭크 머카우스키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랭크 머카우스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="פרנק מרקאוסקי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנק מרקאוסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="فرانك موركوسكى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك موركوسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="フランク・マーカウスキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク・マーカウスキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Меркауски, Фрэнк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Меркауски, Фрэнк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Hughes_Murkowski" title="Francis Hughes Murkowski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francis Hughes Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frank Murkowski" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Френк Меркавскі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френк Меркавскі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1933)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Frank Murkowski</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Murkowski_(R-AK)_(tight_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/220px-Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/330px-Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg/440px-Frank_Murkowski_%28R-AK%29_%28tight_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1510" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Murkowski in 2002</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">8th <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 2, 2002 – December 4, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Loren_Leman" title="Loren Leman">Loren Leman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Tony Knowles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1981 – December 2, 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Commerce,_Community_and_Economic_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development">Alaska Commissioner of Economic Development</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 5, 1966 – December 7, 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Wally Hickel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Keith Miller</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">William Dickson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Everett Buness</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Frank Hughes Murkowski</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1933-03-28</span>) </span>March 28, 1933<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 91)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Nancy Gore</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">6, including <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="803" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1955–1957</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sen._Frank_Murkowski_Speaks_on_S.506,_the_Mining_Law_Reform_Act_of_1995.ogg" title="File:Sen. Frank Murkowski Speaks on S.506, the Mining Law Reform Act of 1995.ogg">Frank Murkowski's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="221" data-mwtitle="Sen._Frank_Murkowski_Speaks_on_S.506,_the_Mining_Law_Reform_Act_of_1995.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Sen._Frank_Murkowski_Speaks_on_S.506%2C_the_Mining_Law_Reform_Act_of_1995.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/Sen._Frank_Murkowski_Speaks_on_S.506%2C_the_Mining_Law_Reform_Act_of_1995.ogg/Sen._Frank_Murkowski_Speaks_on_S.506%2C_the_Mining_Law_Reform_Act_of_1995.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Murkowski, as a U.S. senator, speaks on legislation to reform mining laws<br />Recorded March 8, 1995</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frank Hughes Murkowski</b> (born March 28, 1933) is an American politician. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>, he served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> representing <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> from 1981 to 2002 and as the eighth <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alaska">governor of Alaska</a> from 2002 to 2006. </p><p>Murkowski was the Republican nominee for Alaska's sole <a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alaska's at-large congressional district">congressional district</a> in <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska" title="1970 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska">1970</a>, but lost to his Democratic opponent <a href="/wiki/Nick_Begich_Sr." title="Nick Begich Sr.">Nick Begich</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1980 United States Senate election in Alaska">1980</a>, he was elected to the United States Senate, and was reelected in <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1986 United States Senate election in Alaska">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">1992</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1998 United States Senate election in Alaska">1998</a>. </p><p>Murkowski ran for governor of Alaska in <a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002</a> to replace Democratic incumbent <a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Tony Knowles</a>. He defeated Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Fran_Ulmer" title="Fran Ulmer">Fran Ulmer</a> in the general election and took office on December 2, 2002. Murkowski resigned his U.S. Senate seat before taking office and appointed his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>, to replace him. In his <a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">2006</a> re-election bid, he finished in third place in the Republican primary behind <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Binkley" title="John Binkley">John Binkley</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Murkowski was born in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, the son of Helen (née Hughes) and Frank M. Murkowski.<sup id="cite_ref-TPG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His paternal grandfather was of Polish descent.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murkowski attended <a href="/wiki/Ketchikan_High_School" title="Ketchikan High School">Ketchikan High School</a> in Alaska, graduating in 1951. He studied at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_University" title="Santa Clara University">Santa Clara University</a> from 1951 to 1953, and earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in economics from <a href="/wiki/Seattle_University" title="Seattle University">Seattle University</a> in 1955. He joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> in the summer of 1955 and served until 1957 – the year his daughter <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa</a> was born. He was stationed in Sitka and Ketchikan, Alaska, and aboard the cutters <i>Sorrel</i> and <i>Thistle</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a stint at Pacific National Bank and further study at Pacific Coast Banking School, Murkowski became Alaska's youngest commissioner at the time when he was appointed Commissioner of Economic Development, aged 33, and was elevated to the presidency of the Alaska National Bank of the North in 1971. He has also headed the Alaska Bankers Association and – in 1977 -<sup id="cite_ref-USC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Alaska State Chamber of Commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He ran for <a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alaska's at-large congressional district">Alaska's sole U.S. House seat</a> in <a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska" title="1970 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska">1970</a>, but was defeated in a landslide by Democratic <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">state Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Nick_Begich_Sr." title="Nick Begich Sr.">Nick Begich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._Senate">U.S. Senate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: U.S. Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan,_in_the_Oval_Office,_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan%2C_in_the_Oval_Office%2C_shaking_hands_with_Republican_senator_Frank_Murkowski_of_Alaska_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2555" data-file-height="2584" /></a><figcaption>Murkowski with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1986</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg/220px-Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg/330px-Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg/440px-Vice_President_J._Danforth_Quayle_and_Marilyn_Quayle_wave_to_the_crowd_upon_their_arrival_on_base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2780" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Murkowski and his wife stand behind <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Quayle" title="Marilyn Quayle">Marilyn Quayle</a> as they express their appreciation to airmen who served in the Persian Gulf area during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a> on May 18, 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg/220px-Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg/330px-Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg/440px-Republican_Senators_urge_Tom_Daschle_to_set_a_date_for_debate_to_establish_a_comprehensive_energy_plan_for_American_families.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Murkowski with <a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig" title="Larry Craig">Larry Craig</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a> in 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>He was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1980, defeating Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gruening" title="Clark Gruening">Clark Gruening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reagan%27s_coattails" title="Reagan's coattails">with the help of Ronald Reagan's popularity</a>. He won with 54% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected in 1986, 1992, and 1998. During his time in the Senate, he was most notable as Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Energy and Natural Resources Committee</a> from 1995 to 2001. As chair, he argued and attempted unsuccessfully to open the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a> to oil drilling. </p><p>Murkowski had an <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a> record in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-murky_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murky-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also opposed <a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun control in the United States">gun control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-murky_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murky-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a floor statement in the Senate, regarding the ban of homosexuals serving in the military, Murkowski stated that homosexuals have a right to choose their lifestyle, but there exists no right to serve. In his opposition to lifting the ban, his speech focused on the cost effect on the Veterans Administration in treating service members infected with HIV.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter and successor in the Senate, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>, voted to repeal the ban on homosexuals in the armed services, and later became the third Republican Senator to endorse the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">legalization of same-sex marriage</a> while in office.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governor">Governor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_060827-F-0193C-031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Murkowski, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Defense Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov" title="Sergei Ivanov">Sergei Ivanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">State Senator</a> Gary Wilken, and former State Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Binkley" title="John Binkley">John Binkley</a> cut the ribbon dedicating a memorial to the Alaska-Siberia Lend Lease program in Fairbanks, Alaska on August 26, 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski,_at_Interior_headquarters,_Washington,_D.C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/220px-Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/330px-Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg/440px-Secretary_Ken_Salazar_with_former_Alaska_Governor_Frank_Murkowski%2C_at_Interior_headquarters%2C_Washington%2C_D.C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1848" /></a><figcaption>Murkowski with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Interior Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Ken Salazar</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Murkowski was <a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">elected governor</a> on November 5, 2002, receiving nearly 56% of the vote, the highest percentage for any Republican gubernatorial nominee in Alaska history up until that point.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He succeeded Democrat <a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Tony Knowles</a> and took office on December 2, 2002. </p><p>Upon his inauguration, he resigned his Senate seat and appointed his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>, the Majority Leader-designate of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a>, in his place. The appointment was widely criticized as an act of <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>. </p><p>Toward the end of his administration he brokered a deal for a gas pipeline that was never considered, in final form, by the legislature. Murkowski threatened to sign the deal without legislative approval, but the legislature successfully brought a lawsuit to enjoin him from doing so. </p><p>Governor Murkowski ran for re-election in 2006, but came in third behind former <a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> and businessman <a href="/wiki/John_Binkley" title="John Binkley">John Binkley</a> in the Republican primary election on August 22, 2006 (Palin winning with 51% and Binkley taking second with 30% to Murkowski's 19%). Murkowski's margin of defeat was the largest in any Republican primary by an incumbent governor in United States history.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murkowski left office with one of the nation's worst approval ratings of 19%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 4, 2008, Murkowski's former chief-of-staff, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clark_(Alaska_official)" title="Jim Clark (Alaska official)">Jim Clark</a> admitted that he was aware that Veco Corp had paid $10,000 for a political poll to gauge the popularity of then-incumbent Governor Murkowski. Clark was charged with "<a href="/wiki/Honest_services_fraud" title="Honest services fraud">honest services fraud</a>". Before he was sentenced, the US Supreme Court ruled that the statute was drafted with unconstitutional vagueness and henceforth will only cover "fraudulent schemes to deprive another of honest services through bribes or kickbacks supplied by a third party who ha[s] not been deceived." Since Clark was guilty of neither bribes nor kickbacks, all charges were voided. </p><p>In all 27 years of public service, Murkowski spent two years in the armed services, 21 years as Alaska's junior senator in D.C. and four years as governor. </p><p>Murkowski considered attempting a return to the governorship in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Alaska gubernatorial election">2018 election</a>, but ultimately decided against it.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jet_plane_scandal">Jet plane scandal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jet plane scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, despite opposition from the Alaska Legislature, Murkowski purchased a <a href="/wiki/IAI_Westwind" title="IAI Westwind">Westwind</a> II jet with state money for $2.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This purchase became the symbol of his unpopular legacy in state politics, so much so that his successor, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, promised to sell the jet once she became governor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_election_in_Alaska,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1970">United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, 1970</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Begich_Sr." title="Nick Begich Sr.">Nick Begich</a> (D), 55%</li> <li>Frank Murkowski (R), 45%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1980">United States Senate election in Alaska, 1980</a></b> <ul><li>Frank Murkowski (R), 54%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Gruening" title="Clark Gruening">Clark Gruening</a> (D), 46%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1986">United States Senate election in Alaska, 1986</a></b> <ul><li>Frank Murkowski (R) (inc.), 54%</li> <li>Glenn Olds (D), 44%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1992">United States Senate election in Alaska, 1992</a></b> <ul><li>Frank Murkowski (R) (inc.), 53%</li> <li>Tony Smith (D), 38%</li> <li>Mary Jordan (Grn.), 8%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1998">United States Senate election in Alaska, 1998</a></b> <ul><li>Frank Murkowski (R) (inc.), 75%</li> <li>Joe Sonneman (D), 20%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002 Alaska gubernatorial election</a></b> <ul><li>Frank Murkowski (R), 56%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran_Ulmer" title="Fran Ulmer">Fran Ulmer</a> (D), 41%</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">2006 Alaska gubernatorial election</a> (Republican primary)</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> (R), 51%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Binkley" title="John Binkley">John Binkley</a> (R), 30%</li> <li>Frank Murkowski (R) (incumbent), 19%</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TPG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TPG_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKestenbaum" class="citation web cs1">Kestenbaum, Lawrence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/murfee-murphree.html#MURKOWSKI">"TPG: Murkowski"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Political_Graveyard" title="The Political Graveyard">The Political Graveyard</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TPG%3A+Murkowski&rft.pub=The+Political+Graveyard&rft.aulast=Kestenbaum&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalgraveyard.com%2Fbio%2Fmurfee-murphree.html%23MURKOWSKI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orbikfamily.com/murkowski/Frank-Murkowski.htm">"Frank Murkowski"</a>. <i>www.orbikfamily.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.orbikfamily.com&rft.atitle=Frank+Murkowski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orbikfamily.com%2Fmurkowski%2FFrank-Murkowski.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001085">"Murkowski, Frank Hughes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Murkowski%2C+Frank+Hughes&rft.btitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DM001085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sen-frank-murkowski/">"Sen. Frank Murkowski"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>. September 8, 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sen.+Frank+Murkowski&rft.pub=CBS&rft.date=1998-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsen-frank-murkowski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/news/sen-frank-murkowski/">"Sen. Frank Murkowski"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. September 8, 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Sen.+Frank+Murkowski&rft.date=1998-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsen-frank-murkowski%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-murky-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-murky_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-murky_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2002" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine (December 21, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/21/us/new-alaska-governor-gives-daughter-his-seat-in-senate.html">"New Alaska Governor Gives Daughter His Seat in Senate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Alaska+Governor+Gives+Daughter+His+Seat+in+Senate&rft.date=2002-12-21&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F12%2F21%2Fus%2Fnew-alaska-governor-gives-daughter-his-seat-in-senate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/F?r103:12:./temp/~r103xpXFd0:e67713:">"Congressional Record 103rd Congress (1993-1994) FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 (Senate – February 4, 1993)"</a>. <i>THOMAS</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=THOMAS&rft.atitle=Congressional+Record+103rd+Congress+%281993-1994%29+FAMILY+AND+MEDICAL+LEAVE+ACT+OF+1993+%28Senate+%E2%80%93+February+4%2C+1993%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2FF%3Fr103%3A12%3A.%2Ftemp%2F~r103xpXFd0%3Ae67713%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027055830/http://politics.nytimes.com/congress/votes/111/senate/2/281?ref=politics">"Senate Vote 281 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 18, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.nytimes.com/congress/votes/111/senate/2/281?ref=politics">the original</a> on October 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+Vote+281+%E2%80%93+Repeals+%27Don%27t+Ask%2C+Don%27t+Tell%27&rft.date=2010-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.nytimes.com%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F111%2Fsenate%2F2%2F281%3Fref%3Dpolitics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fellow Republican <a href="/wiki/Sean_Parnell" title="Sean Parnell">Sean Parnell</a> won around 59% in <a href="/wiki/2010_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Alaska gubernatorial election">2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">State of Alaska Division of Elections: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.state.ak.us/06prim/data/results.htm">"2006 Primary Election Results."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924231034/http://www.elections.state.ak.us/06prim/data/results.htm">Archived</a> September 24, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved March 16, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollTrack.aspx?g=d8fa8def-c3b2-4649-81c5-01da9c1cd73e">"AK Gov"</a>. SurveyUSA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AK+Gov&rft.pub=SurveyUSA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surveyusa.com%2Fclient%2FPollTrack.aspx%3Fg%3Dd8fa8def-c3b2-4649-81c5-01da9c1cd73e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkelley2018" class="citation web cs1">Skelley, Geoffrey (August 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/a-failure-to-launch-kansas-republican-gubernatorial-contest-and-the-history-of-incumbent-governor-primary-performance/">"A Failure to Launch? Kansas' Republican Gubernatorial Contest and the History of Incumbent Governor Primary Performance – Sabato's Crystal Ball"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Failure+to+Launch%3F+Kansas%27+Republican+Gubernatorial+Contest+and+the+History+of+Incumbent+Governor+Primary+Performance+%E2%80%93+Sabato%27s+Crystal+Ball&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.aulast=Skelley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenterforpolitics.org%2Fcrystalball%2Farticles%2Fa-failure-to-launch-kansas-republican-gubernatorial-contest-and-the-history-of-incumbent-governor-primary-performance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerz,_Nathaniel2018" class="citation web cs1">Herz, Nathaniel (June 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ktoo.org/2018/06/12/frank-murkowski-seriously-considered-running-for-alaska-governor-again/">"Frank Murkowski seriously considered running for Alaska governor again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTOO_(FM)" title="KTOO (FM)">KTOO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frank+Murkowski+seriously+considered+running+for+Alaska+governor+again&rft.pub=KTOO&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.au=Herz%2C+Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktoo.org%2F2018%2F06%2F12%2Ffrank-murkowski-seriously-considered-running-for-alaska-governor-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2007" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, William (August 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/25/us/25jet.html">"Jet That Helped Defeat an Alaska Governor Is Sold"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jet+That+Helped+Defeat+an+Alaska+Governor+Is+Sold&rft.date=2007-08-25&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F25%2Fus%2F25jet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100208011640/http://juneauempire.com/stories/040808/sta_267202920.shtml">"Governor travel shot up with Murkowski's jet, plummets with Palin"</a>. Juneau Empire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juneauempire.com/stories/040808/sta_267202920.shtml">the original</a> on February 8, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+travel+shot+up+with+Murkowski%27s+jet%2C+plummets+with+Palin&rft.pub=Juneau+Empire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juneauempire.com%2Fstories%2F040808%2Fsta_267202920.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Murkowski" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Murkowski&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M001085">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaskareport.com/wn10118a.htm">Governor Murkowski rated the most unpopular governor in the entire U.S.</a>, via alaskareport.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1523">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._R._Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. R. Lewis (page does not exist)">C. R. Lewis</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Alaska">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1980 United States Senate election in Alaska">1980</a>, <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1986 United States Senate election in Alaska">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1992 United States Senate election in Alaska">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1998 United States Senate election in Alaska">1998</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Lisa Murkowski</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Lindauer" title="John Howard Lindauer">John Lindauer</a> (disavowed)<br /><a href="/wiki/Robin_L._Taylor" title="Robin L. Taylor">Robin L. Taylor</a> (endorsed)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sarah Palin</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Alaska">U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Alaska</a> </b><br />1981–2002 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Ted Stevens</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_K._Simpson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan K. Simpson">Alan Simpson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee</a> </b><br />1985–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Alan Cranston</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">Bennett Johnston</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Senate Energy Committee</a> </b><br />1995–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bingaman" title="Jeff Bingaman">Jeff Bingaman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Tony Knowles</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a> </b><br />2002–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Sarah Palin</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></div><i><b>as Former US Senator </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Senator </span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a></div><i><b>as Former US Senator </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Party_nominees_for_United_States_Senate_from_Alaska" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Alaska Senatorial nominees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party_nominees_for_United_States_Senate_from_Alaska" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> nominees for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._E._Robertson" title="R. E. Robertson">Robertson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Alaska" title="1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_McKinley" title="Lee McKinley">McKinley</a> (<a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1960 United States Senate election in Alaska">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1966_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1966 United States Senate election in Alaska">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (<a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Alaska" title="1970 United States Senate special election in Alaska">1970</a>, <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1972 United States Senate election in Alaska">1972</a>, <a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1978 United States Senate election in Alaska">1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1984">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1990">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1996">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2002">2002</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Sullivan</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2014">2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="2020 United States Senate election in Alaska">2020</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/90px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/135px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/180px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Stepovich" title="Mike Stepovich">Stepovich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1958_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Alaska" title="1958 United States Senate elections in Alaska">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (<a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1962 United States Senate election in Alaska">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_E._Rasmuson" title="Elmer E. Rasmuson">Rasmuson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1968 United States Senate election in Alaska">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._R._Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. R. Lewis (page does not exist)">Lewis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska" title="1974 United States Senate election in Alaska">1974</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1980">1980</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1986">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1992">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">L. Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Miller_(Alaska_politician)" title="Joe Miller (Alaska politician)">Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2010">2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">L. Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Alaska, 2016">2016</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Alaska" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="Template:United States senators from Alaska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="Template talk:United States senators from Alaska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Alaska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Alaska" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">United States senators from Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bartlett" title="Bob Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Begich" title="Mark Begich">Begich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Sullivan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gruening" title="Ernest Gruening">Gruening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Gravel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">L. Murkowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans&#039;_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_VA_chairs" title="Template:US Senate VA chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_VA_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate VA chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_VA_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate VA chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans&#039;_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Hartke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Simpson (U.S. politician)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cranston" title="Alan Cranston">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(American_politician)" title="Alan Simpson (American politician)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Rockefeller" title="Jay Rockefeller">Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Craig" title="Larry Craig">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Isakson" title="Johnny Isakson">Isakson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Moran" title="Jerry Moran">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Energy_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Energy chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Energy_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Energy chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Energy_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Energy chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Lands<br />(1816–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hill_Williams" title="Thomas Hill Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_B._Thomas" title="Jesse B. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barton_(politician)" title="David Barton (politician)">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Kane" title="Elias Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Walker" title="Robert J. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_H._Smith" title="Oliver H. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Woodbridge" title="William Woodbridge">Woodbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Breese" title="Sidney Breese">Breese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_Felch" title="Alpheus Felch">Felch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solon_Borland" title="Solon Borland">Borland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._Dodge" title="Augustus C. Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ward_Johnson" title="Robert Ward Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Pomeroy" title="Samuel C. Pomeroy">Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sprague_IV" title="William Sprague IV">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._McDonald" title="Joseph E. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_B._Plumb" title="Preston B. Plumb">Plumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_N._Dolph" title="Joseph N. Dolph">Dolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Berry" title="James H. Berry">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dubois" title="Fred Dubois">Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Hansbrough" title="Henry C. Hansbrough">Hansbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knute_Nelson" title="Knute Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Chamberlain" title="George E. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Myers" title="Henry L. Myers">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Lands and Surveys<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Lenroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_F._Ladd" title="Edwin F. Ladd">Ladd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Nye" title="Gerald Nye">Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Kendrick" title="John B. Kendrick">Kendrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_B._Adams" title="Alva B. Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hatch" title="Carl Hatch">Hatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior and Insular Affairs<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Butler" title="Hugh A. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._O%27Mahoney" title="Joseph C. O'Mahoney">O'Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Butler" title="Hugh A. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Cordon" title="Guy Cordon">Cordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Murray" title="James E. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Anderson" title="Clinton Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy and Natural Resources<br />(1977–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._McClure" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bennett_Johnston" title="J. Bennett Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bingaman" title="Jeff Bingaman">Bingaman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bingaman" title="Jeff Bingaman">Bingaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Domenici" title="Pete Domenici">Domenici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bingaman" title="Jeff Bingaman">Bingaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Wyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Landrieu" title="Mary Landrieu">Landrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">L. Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Manchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Republican_Party_nominees_for_Governor_of_Alaska" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Template:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Template talk:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AK_Republican_gubernatorial_nominees" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AK Republican gubernatorial nominees"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party_nominees_for_Governor_of_Alaska" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> nominees for <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governor of Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Butrovich" title="John Butrovich">Butrovich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1958_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Alaska gubernatorial election">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Stepovich" title="Mike Stepovich">Stepovich</a> (<a href="/wiki/1962_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Alaska gubernatorial election">1962</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a> (<a href="/wiki/1966_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alaska gubernatorial election">1966</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/1970_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alaska gubernatorial election">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond">Hammond</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Alaska gubernatorial election">1974</a>, <a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">1978</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fink" title="Tom Fink">Fink</a> (<a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arliss_Sturgulewski" title="Arliss Sturgulewski">Sturgulewski</a> (<a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Campbell_(Alaska_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Campbell (Alaska politician) (page does not exist)">Campbell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">1994</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Lindauer" title="John Howard Lindauer">Lindauer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">1998</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a> (<a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parnell" title="Sean Parnell">Parnell</a> (<a href="/wiki/2010_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Alaska gubernatorial election">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Dunleavy</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Alaska gubernatorial election">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">2022</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/90px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/135px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/180px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Alaska" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Template:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Template talk:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Alaska" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Alaska"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Alaska" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">Governors of Alaska</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_the_District_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">District <span class="nobold">(1884–1912)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Kinkead" title="John Henry Kinkead">Kinkead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Swineford" title="Alfred P. Swineford">Swineford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Enos_Knapp" title="Lyman Enos Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sheakley" title="James Sheakley">Sheakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Green_Brady" title="John Green Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Bacon_Hoggatt" title="Wilford Bacon Hoggatt">Hoggatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eli_Clark" title="Walter Eli Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_Alaska_Territory" title="List of governors of Alaska">Territorial <span class="nobold">(1912–1959)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eli_Clark" title="Walter Eli Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Alexander_Strong" title="John Franklin Alexander Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Riggs_Jr." title="Thomas Riggs Jr.">Riggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Cordelle_Bone" title="Scott Cordelle Bone">Bone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Alexander_Parks" title="George Alexander Parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Weir_Troy" title="John Weir Troy">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gruening" title="Ernest Gruening">Gruening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Frank_Heintzleman" title="B. Frank Heintzleman">Heintzleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waino_Hendrickson" title="Waino Hendrickson">Hendrickson</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Stepovich" title="Mike Stepovich">Stepovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waino_Hendrickson" title="Waino Hendrickson">Hendrickson</a> (acting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Alaska#Governors_of_Alaska" title="List of governors of Alaska">State <span class="nobold">(since 1959)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Egan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Egan" title="William A. Egan">Egan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheffield" title="Bill Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cowper" title="Steve Cowper">Cowper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Hickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Knowles_(politician)" title="Tony Knowles (politician)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parnell" title="Sean Parnell">Parnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(American_politician)" title="Bill Walker (American politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Dunleavy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alaska&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_97th–107th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alaska&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_97th–107th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>'s delegation(s) to the 97th–107th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">97th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/98th_United_States_Congress" title="98th United States Congress">98th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/99th_United_States_Congress" title="99th United States Congress">99th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/100th_United_States_Congress" title="100th United States Congress">100th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">F. Murkowski</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">T. Stevens</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>F. Murkowski</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski"><i>L. Murkowski</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">D. Young</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448813#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448813#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448813#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000026101804">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8796379">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/140536/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwC9tR8pXBmWFjt8Rh73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/170096092">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84184296">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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