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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God_L"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>God L</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God_L-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Jaguar_Goddess_of_Midwifery_and_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Jaguar_Goddess_of_Midwifery_and_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Jaguar Goddess of Midwifery and War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Jaguar_Goddess_of_Midwifery_and_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Jaguar_Patron_of_the_War_Month_of_Pax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Jaguar_Patron_of_the_War_Month_of_Pax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Jaguar Patron of the War Month of Pax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Jaguar_Patron_of_the_War_Month_of_Pax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Aged_Jaguar_Paddler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Aged_Jaguar_Paddler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The Aged Jaguar Paddler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Aged_Jaguar_Paddler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Jaguar_Twin_Hero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Jaguar_Twin_Hero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The Jaguar Twin Hero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Jaguar_Twin_Hero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jaguar_Protectors_and_Jaguar_Transformers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jaguar_Protectors_and_Jaguar_Transformers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Jaguar Protectors and Jaguar Transformers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jaguar_Protectors_and_Jaguar_Transformers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jaguar_Baby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jaguar_Baby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Jaguar Baby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jaguar_Baby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Maya mythology</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Maya deities"><img alt="Maya deities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG/150px-Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG/225px-Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG/300px-Maize_God_and_Itzamn%C3%A1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="254" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption" style="font-style:italic">Maize god and <a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color: #FFFFF; background: #50C578"> Practices</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting_in_Mesoamerica" title="Bloodletting in Mesoamerica">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_rituals" title="Maya death rituals">Death rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_dedication_rituals" title="Maya dedication rituals">Dedication rituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_pilgrimage" title="Maya pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_priesthood" title="Maya priesthood">Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Sacrifice in Maya culture">Sacrifice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Humans</a>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color: #FFFFF; background: #50C578"> Places</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_cave_sites" title="Maya cave sites">Cave sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleworld" title="Middleworld">Middleworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xibalba" title="Xibalba">Xibalba</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color: #FFFFF; background: #50C578"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings">Deities and beings</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_gods" title="Maya death gods">Death gods</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaguar gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_(Maya_mythology)" title="Mam (Maya mythology)">Mams</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acat_(deity)" title="Acat (deity)">Acat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ah_Peku" title="Ah Peku">Ah Peku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ah-Muzen-Cab" title="Ah-Muzen-Cab">Ah-Muzen-Cab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awilix" title="Awilix">Awilix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacab" title="Bacab">Bacab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaguil" title="Cabaguil">Cabaguil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camazotz" title="Camazotz">Camazotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaac" title="Chaac">Chaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_(deity)" title="Chin (deity)">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cizin" title="Cizin">Cizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirakan-Ixmucane" title="Chirakan-Ixmucane">Chirakan-Ixmucane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ek_Chuaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Ek Chuaj">Ek Chuaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_I" title="Goddess I">Goddess I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Hero_Twins" title="Maya Hero Twins">Hero Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey_gods" title="Howler monkey gods">Howler monkey gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huay_Chivo" title="Huay Chivo">Huay Chivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hun_Hunahpu" title="Hun Hunahpu">Hun Hunahpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huracan" title="Huracan">Huracan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixpiyacoc" title="Ixpiyacoc">Ixpiyacoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtab" title="Ixtab">Ixtab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27awiil" class="mw-redirect" title="K'awiil">K'awiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinich_Ahau" title="Kinich Ahau">Kinich Ahau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukulkan" title="Kukulkan">Kukulkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_maize_god" title="Maya maize god">Maize god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim%C3%B3n" title="Maximón">Maximón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">Moon goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagual" title="Nagual">Nagual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzacol" title="Tzacol">Tzacol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%27uq%27umatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Q'uq'umatz">Q'uq'umatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Serpent" title="Vision Serpent">Vision Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltan" title="Voltan">Voltan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vucub_Caquix" title="Vucub Caquix">Vucub Caquix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayob" title="Wayob">Wayob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbaquiyalo" title="Xbaquiyalo">Xbaquiyalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc" title="Xmucane and Xpiacoc">Xmucane and Xpiacoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xmulzencab" title="Xmulzencab">Xmulzencab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xquic" title="Xquic">Xquic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xtabay" title="Xtabay">Xtabay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yopaat" title="Yopaat">Yopaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yum_Kaax" title="Yum Kaax">Yum Kaax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipacna" title="Zipacna">Zipacna</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color: #FFFFF; background: #50C578"> Texts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Cakchiquels" title="Annals of the Cakchiquels">Annals of the Cakchiquels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Bacabs" title="Ritual of the Bacabs">Ritual of the Bacabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_C%27oyoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Título C'oyoi">Título C'oyoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_de_Totonicap%C3%A1n" title="Título de Totonicapán">Título de Totonicapán</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maya_religion" title="Template:Maya religion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Maya_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Maya religion (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maya_religion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maya religion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya religion</a> knew various <b><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> gods</b>, in addition to jaguar demi-gods, (ancestral) protectors, and transformers. The main jaguar deities are discussed below. Their associated narratives (part of <a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Maya mythology</a>) are still largely to be reconstructed. <a href="/wiki/Lacandon_people" title="Lacandon people">Lacandon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tzotzil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzotzil people">Tzotzil</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_people" title="Tzeltal people">Tzeltal</a> oral tradition are particularly rich in jaguar lore. </p><p>The Maya people saw the jaguar's attributes as a strong and powerful creature, as well as its easily recognizable coat, and incorporated it into their mythology. Many gods were portrayed as jaguars, or at least had characteristics not unlike jaguars, due to their powerful nature.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jaguar_God_of_Terrestrial_Fire_and_War_('Night_Sun')"><span id="The_Jaguar_God_of_Terrestrial_Fire_and_War_.28.27Night_Sun.27.29"></span>The Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire and War ('Night Sun')</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire and War ('Night Sun')"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_(M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12)_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg/220px-Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg/330px-Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg/440px-Urna_funeraria_maya_Kinich_Ahau_%28M._Am%C3%A9rica_Inv.91-11-12%29_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1509" /></a><figcaption>Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire on a burial urn, Late-Classic period</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_God_of_Terrestrial_Fire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire (page does not exist)">Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire</a> is recognizable by a '<a href="/wiki/Cruller" title="Cruller">cruller</a>' around the eyes (making a loop over the nose), jaguar ears, and fangs. He personifies the number seven, which is associated with the day <i>Akʼbʼal</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation"><span title="This word should have a pronunciation transcription or recording.">pronunciation?</span></a></i>]</sup> ('Night'). Usually called 'Jaguar God of the Underworld', he has been assumed to be the 'Night Sun' - the shape supposedly taken by the sun (<a href="/wiki/Kinich_Ahau" title="Kinich Ahau">Kinich Ahau</a>) during his nightly journey through the underworld - by reason of having the large eyes and filed incisors that also occur with the sun deity, and of sometimes evincing a <i>k 'in</i> infix. The deity's hypothetical aspect of a nocturnal sun (that is, a subterranean fire) should perhaps be connected to his proven association with terrestrial fire. He is often represented on incense burners and connected to fire rituals,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while his 'cruller' may represent a cord used in making fire with a stick (Taube). Moreover, vases in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Codical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Codical (page does not exist)">codical</a> style show him, captured, about to be burnt with torches. The nocturnal sun hypothesis is complicated by this very incident, and even more so by the fact that the fiery jaguar deity is identified with a star (or perhaps a constellation or planet).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The god's other sphere of influence is war, witness for example the stereotypical presence of his face on war banner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="God_L">God L</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: God L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg/220px-God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg/330px-God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg/440px-God_L_with_the_Hero_Twins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>On this Maya chocolate-drinking cup known as the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Vase" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Vase">Princeton Vase</a>, <a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a> sits on a throne within a palace</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a> is one of the oldest Mayan deities, and associated with trade, riches, and black sorcery, and belongs to the jaguar deities: he has jaguar ears, a jaguar mantle and lives in a jaguar palace. Some take him to be the main ruler over the Underworld. In that sense, he would have to be considered the true "Jaguar God of the Underworld". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jaguar_Goddess_of_Midwifery_and_War">The Jaguar Goddess of Midwifery and War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Jaguar Goddess of Midwifery and War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aged goddess of midwifery, curing, and war <a href="/wiki/Ix_Chel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ix Chel">Ix Chel</a>, belongs to the jaguar deities. She has jaguar ears and claws and can show the looped cruller element and the large eye of the Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire (Birth Vase), suggesting that she might be a spouse to this deity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jaguar_Patron_of_the_War_Month_of_Pax">The Jaguar Patron of the War Month of Pax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Jaguar Patron of the War Month of Pax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The patron deity of the month of Pax has jaguar paws above his ears, a removed lower jaw, and vomits blood. In 16th-century Yucatán, rituals held in the month of Pax centered on the war leader and the <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">puma</a> deity, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cit_Chac_Coh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cit Chac Coh (page does not exist)">Cit Chac Coh</a>. Personified as a tree, the Pax deity witnesses the shooting of the <a href="/wiki/Principal_Bird_Deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Bird Deity">Principal Bird Deity</a> and equally of a Vulture King by <a href="/wiki/Hun-Ahpu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun-Ahpu">Hun-Ahpu</a>. The tree personification serves as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for uninhabited wooded areas and their menace (Taube). Particularly scenes on pottery show the Pax deity to be intimately associated with war and human sacrifice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Aged_Jaguar_Paddler">The Aged Jaguar Paddler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Aged Jaguar Paddler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaguar_paddler_god,_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg/220px-Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg/330px-Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg/440px-Jaguar_paddler_god%2C_Ixlu_Stela_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1631" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption>Jaguar Paddler God as depicted on Stela 2 from <a href="/wiki/Ixlu" title="Ixlu">Ixlu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of two aged deities associated with the base date of the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a> and steering the canoe with the <a href="/wiki/Tonsured_Maize_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonsured Maize God">Tonsured Maize God</a> has a jaguar headdress and is connected to Night, like the Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire. (The other Paddler God is an aged form of the sun deity apparently connected to Daylight.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Jaguar_Twin_Hero">The Jaguar Twin Hero</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Jaguar Twin Hero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jaguar Twin Hero, companion to Hun-Ahpu (or Hun-Ajaw) and thus corresponding to Xbalanque in the much later Popol Vuh Twin myth, has patches of jaguar skin stuck to his arms and body, in addition to jaguar pimples around his mouth. Fittingly, in the Popol Vuh, Xbalanque is the more violent Twin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jaguar_Protectors_and_Jaguar_Transformers">Jaguar Protectors and Jaguar Transformers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jaguar Protectors and Jaguar Transformers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg/220px-Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg/330px-Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg/440px-Water_Lily_Jaguar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption>Water Lily Jaguar transformer (<a href="/wiki/Wayob" title="Wayob">way</a>) from a plate in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Americas_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the Americas (Madrid)">Museo de América</a>, Madrid</figcaption></figure> <p>Less clearly classifiable as deities are jaguar protectors (perhaps ancestors) and jaguar transformers. The Water Lily Jaguar (so called because of the <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">water lily</a> on its head) is both a giant jaguar protector, looming large above the king (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a> wooden <a href="/wiki/Lintel" title="Lintel">lintel</a> 3, temple I), and a transformer often shown amidst flames. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jaguar_Baby">Jaguar Baby</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Jaguar Baby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A specific and as yet unexplained transformation into a jaguar involves a male child with jaguar ears and a jaguar tail (the so-called Jaguar Baby) shown in a transformational somersault. This Jaguar Baby can assume the features of the Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguars_in_Mesoamerican_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaguars in Mesoamerican culture">Jaguars in Mesoamerican culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezcatlipoca" title="Tezcatlipoca">Tezcatlipoca</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSaunders1994" class="citation journal cs1">Saunders, Nicholas J. (June 1994). "Predators of Culture: Jaguar Symbolism and Mesoamerican Elites". <i>World Archaeology</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 104–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00438243.1994.9980264">10.1080/00438243.1994.9980264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Predators+of+Culture%3A+Jaguar+Symbolism+and+Mesoamerican+Elites&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=104-117&rft.date=1994-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00438243.1994.9980264&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+jaguar+gods" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson" class="citation web cs1">Patterson, Thomas C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/pre-Columbian-civilizations/The-Maya-calendar-and-writing-system#ref583473">"Pre-Columbian civilizations"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Pre-Columbian+civilizations&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fpre-Columbian-civilizations%2FThe-Maya-calendar-and-writing-system%23ref583473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+jaguar+gods" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellog" class="citation web cs1">Kellog, Ali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9846866">"JAGUAR WORSHIP AT LAMANAIAND TEOTIHUACAN"</a>. <i>Academia</i>. Cotsen Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academia&rft.atitle=JAGUAR+WORSHIP+AT+LAMANAIAND+TEOTIHUACAN&rft.aulast=Kellog&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9846866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaya+jaguar+gods" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stuart 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finamore and Houston 2010: 281</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maya_jaguar_gods&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Finamore, David, and Stephen Houston (eds.), <i>The Fiery Pool</i>. New Haven: Peabody Essex Museum in association with Yale U.P., 2010.</li> <li>Mary Miller and Karl Taube, <i>The Gods of Ancient Mexico and the Maya</i>. Thames and Hudson.</li> <li>David Stuart, 'The Fire Enters His House': Architecture and Ritual in Classic Maya Texts', in Houston, <i>Function and Meaning in Classic Maya Architecture</i> (1998): 373-425.</li> <li>Karl Taube, <i>The Major Gods of Ancient Yucatan</i>. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maya_civilization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maya" title="Template:Maya"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maya" title="Template talk:Maya"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maya"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maya_civilization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">Maya civilization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="History of the Maya civilization"><span style="color:white">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preclassic_Maya" title="Preclassic Maya">Preclassic Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_collapse" title="Classic Maya collapse">Classic Maya collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Spanish conquest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/80px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/120px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png/160px-Codex_Lacambalam_l%C3%A1mina_15.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="2032" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramid complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_graffiti" title="Ancient Maya graffiti">Graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_ceramics" title="Maya ceramics">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_cities" title="Mayan cities">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_cuisine" title="Ancient Maya cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_dance" title="Maya dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maya_civilization" title="Economy of the Maya civilization">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_in_Maya_civilization" title="Trade in Maya civilization">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maritime trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Maya_language" title="Classic Maya language">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayan_languages" title="List of Mayan languages">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayanist" title="Mayanist">Mayanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_numerals" title="Maya numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_sites" title="List of Maya sites">Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_stelae" title="Maya stelae">Stelae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_warfare" title="Maya warfare">Warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_society" title="Maya society"><span style="color:white">Society</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childhood_in_Maya_society" title="Childhood in Maya society">Childhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Maya_society" title="Women in Maya society">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwifery_in_Maya_society" title="Midwifery in Maya society">Midwifery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_priesthood" title="Maya priesthood">Priesthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Sacrifice in Maya culture">Sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture" title="Human sacrifice in Maya culture">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_rituals" title="Maya death rituals">Death rituals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_social_classes" title="Maya social classes">Social classes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_households" title="Maya households">Households</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar"><span style="color:white">Calendar</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajaw" title="Ajaw">Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baktun" title="Baktun">Baktun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCatun" title="Kʼatun">Kʼatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCin" title="Kʼin">Kʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun_(Maya_calendar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun (Maya calendar)">Tun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winal" title="Winal">Winal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Cakchiquels" title="Annals of the Cakchiquels">Annals of the Cakchiquels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chilam_Balam" title="Chilam Balam">Chilam Balam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_codices" title="Maya codices">Codices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Codex" title="Dresden Codex"><i>Dresden</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Codex_of_Mexico" title="Maya Codex of Mexico"><i>Grolier</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Codex_(Maya)" title="Madrid Codex (Maya)"><i>Madrid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Codex" title="Paris Codex"><i>Paris</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Popol_Vuh" title="Popol Vuh">Popol Vuh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabinal_Ach%C3%AD" title="Rabinal Achí">Rabinal Achí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Bacabs" title="Ritual of the Bacabs">Ritual of the Bacabs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Dzitbalch%C3%A9" title="Songs of Dzitbalché">Songs of Dzitbalché</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_C%CA%BCoyoi" title="Título Cʼoyoi">Título Cʼoyoi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADtulo_de_Totonicap%C3%A1n" title="Título de Totonicapán">Título de Totonicapán</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings"><span style="color:white">Deities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bacab" title="Bacab">Bacab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chaac" title="Chaac">Chaac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_death_gods" title="Maya death gods">Death gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/God_L" title="God L">God L</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Goddess_I" title="Goddess I">Goddess I</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_Hero_Twins" title="Maya Hero Twins">Hero Twins</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey_gods" title="Howler monkey gods">Howler monkey gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixchel" title="Ixchel">Ixchel</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaguar gods</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCawiil" title="Kʼawiil">Kʼawiil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kinich_Ahau" title="Kinich Ahau">Kinich Ahau</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_maize_god" title="Maya maize god">Maize god</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mam_(Maya_mythology)" title="Mam (Maya mythology)">Mam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maya_moon_goddess" title="Maya moon goddess">Moon goddess</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yopaat" title="Yopaat">Yopaat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Post-Classic</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acat_(deity)" title="Acat (deity)">Acat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ah-Muzen-Cab" title="Ah-Muzen-Cab">Ah-Muzen-Cab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Akna_(Maya_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akna (Maya mythology)">Akna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chin_(deity)" title="Chin (deity)">Chin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ixtab" title="Ixtab">Ixtab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kukulkan" title="Kukulkan">Kukulkan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yum_Kaax" title="Yum Kaax">Yum Kaax</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><i>Popol Vuh</i></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Awilix" title="Awilix">Awilix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Camazotz" title="Camazotz">Camazotz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hun_Hunahpu" title="Hun Hunahpu">Hun Hunahpu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huracan" title="Huracan">Huracan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jacawitz" title="Jacawitz">Jacawitz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCuq%CA%BCumatz" title="Qʼuqʼumatz">Qʼuqʼumatz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tohil" title="Tohil">Tohil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vucub_Caquix" title="Vucub Caquix">Vucub Caquix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xmucane_and_Xpiacoc" title="Xmucane and Xpiacoc">Xmucane and Xpiacoc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Xquic" title="Xquic">Xquic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zipacna" title="Zipacna">Zipacna</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Kings_and_Queens" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya Kings and Queens"><span style="color:white">Kings</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCalaj_Chan_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil">Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%CA%BC_K%CA%BCin_Xook" title="Haʼ Kʼin Xook">Haʼ Kʼin Xook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzam_K%CA%BCan_Ahk_II" title="Itzam Kʼan Ahk II">Itzam Kʼan Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCak%CA%BC_Tiliw_Chan_Yopaat" title="Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat">Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Janaab%CA%BC_Pakal" title="Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal">Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yat_Ahk_II" title="Kʼinich Yat Ahk II">Kʼinich Yat Ahk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yax_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC_Mo%CA%BC" title="Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ">Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCinich_Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_I" title="Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I">Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaxaclajuun_Ub%CA%BCaah_K%CA%BCawiil" title="Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil">Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo%CA%BCnal_Ahk_III" title="Yoʼnal Ahk III">Yoʼnal Ahk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Ch%CA%BCeen_II" title="Yuknoom Chʼeen II">Yuknoom Chʼeen II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuknoom_Yich%CA%BCaak_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC" title="Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ">Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #50C878; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_rulers_in_Maya_society" title="Women rulers in Maya society"><span style="color:white">Queens</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Eveningstar" title="Lady Eveningstar">Lady Eveningstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Itzan" title="Lady of Itzan">Lady of Itzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_Tikal" title="Lady of Tikal">Lady of Tikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Xoc" title="Lady Xoc">Lady Xoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC" title="Sak Kʼukʼ">Sak Kʼukʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wak_Chanil_Ajaw" title="Wak Chanil Ajaw">Wak Chanil Ajaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yohl_Ik%CA%BCnal" title="Yohl Ikʼnal">Yohl Ikʼnal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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