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Mwesen — Wikipédia

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aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mwesen</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. 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href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Mwesen" title="Pagsasao a Mwesen – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Mwesen" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3331111#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span style="white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:5px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Nuvola_gaim.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nuvola_gaim.svg/35px-Nuvola_gaim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nuvola_gaim.svg/53px-Nuvola_gaim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nuvola_gaim.svg/70px-Nuvola_gaim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/68px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/90px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant une <a href="/wiki/Langue" title="Langue">langue</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment&#160;?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete bd" style="background-color:#FFC0CB;color:black;">Mwesen<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160408458">.mw-parser-output .entete.bd{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><th scope="row">Pays </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanua_Lava" title="Vanua Lava">Vanua Lava</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nombre de locuteurs </th> <td>10 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-locuteurs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locuteurs-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0CB; color:#000000">Classification par famille</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_austron%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues austronésiennes">langues austronésiennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes">langues malayo-polynésiennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes_centrales-orientales" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales">langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales</a> <small>(hypothétique)</small><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> langues malayo-polynésiennes orientales<ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes" title="Langues océaniennes">langues océaniennes</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_centrales_et_orientales" title="Langues océaniennes centrales et orientales">langues océaniennes centrales et orientales</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_du_Sud" title="Langues océaniennes du Sud">langues océaniennes du Sud</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu</a><ul style="margin:0.1em 0;list-style:none;list-style-image:none; line-height:normal;text-align:left"> <li style="position:relative;margin:0.1em 0;margin-left:0.8em;line-height:normal;"><span style="position:absolute;left:-0.8em;color:#AAA">-</span> <b>mwesen</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0CB; color:#000000">Codes de langue</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tiquette_d%27identification_de_langues_IETF" title="Étiquette d&#39;identification de langues IETF">IETF</a> </th> <td><code>msn<sup id="cite_ref-generique_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></code> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span> </th> <td><code>map<sup id="cite_ref-generique_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></code> </td> </tr> <tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span> </th> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=msn">msn</a></code>&#160;<sup id="cite_ref-generique_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-generique-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFC0CB; color:#000000">État de conservation</th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r209916962">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1}</style> <center> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%89tat_de_conservation_d%27une_langue" title="Modèle:État de conservation d&#39;une langue"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Éteinte</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_morte" title="Catégorie:Langue morte"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext">Éteinte</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menacée</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:red"><b>CR</b><span class="tooltiptext">En situation critique</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>SE</b><span class="tooltiptext">Sérieusement en danger</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Langue_en_danger" title="Catégorie:Langue en danger"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext">En danger</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>VU</b><span class="tooltiptext">Vulnérable</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Sûre</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"> Non menacée</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3">Langue <b>en situation critique</b> (<b>CR</b>) au sens de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_des_langues_en_danger_dans_le_monde" title="Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde">Atlas des langues en danger dans le monde</a></i> . </div></center> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="display:none;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFC0CB solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Langue" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>mwesen</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_oc%C3%A9anienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue océanienne">langue océanienne</a> parlée au nord du <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> dans le sud-est de l’île <a href="/wiki/Vanua_Lava" title="Vanua Lava">Vanua Lava</a>, située dans l’archipel des <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Banks" title="Îles Banks">îles Banks</a>. C’est une <a href="/wiki/Langue_en_danger" class="mw-redirect" title="Langue en danger">langue en danger</a>&#160;: elle n’a qu’une dizaine de locuteurs<sup id="cite_ref-locuteurs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locuteurs-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et les jeunes parlent désormais une langue voisine, le <a href="/wiki/Vur%C3%ABs" title="Vurës">vurës</a>. </p><p>Le nom <i>mosina</i> été utilisé pour désigner à la fois le vurës et le mwesen (que certains linguistes considèrent comme un dialecte du vurës)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <i>Mwesen</i> est le nom du village où cette langue est parlée, et <i>Mosina</i> est son nom en <a href="/wiki/Mota_(langue)" title="Mota (langue)">mota</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voyelles">Voyelles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Voyelles" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le mwesen a sept <a href="/wiki/Voyelle" title="Voyelle">voyelles</a> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ant%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle antérieure">Antérieures</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_post%C3%A9rieure" title="Voyelle postérieure">Postérieures</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ferm%C3%A9e" title="Voyelle fermée">Fermées</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/API_i" class="mw-redirect" title="API i"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">i</span></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/API_u" class="mw-redirect" title="API u"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">u</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_pr%C3%A9-ferm%C3%A9e" title="Voyelle pré-fermée">Pré-fermées</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɪ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɪ</span></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/API_%CA%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʊ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ʊ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_mi-ouverte" title="Voyelle mi-ouverte">Mi-ouvertes</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɛ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɛ</span></a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/API_%C9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɔ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">ɔ</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Voyelle_ouverte" title="Voyelle ouverte">Ouvertes</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/API_a" class="mw-redirect" title="API a"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:&#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;,&#39;Doulos SIL&#39;,&#39;Lucida Grande&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,&#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;,&#39;Adobe Pi Std&#39;,&#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;,&#39;Chrysanthi Unicode&#39;,Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,&#39;TITUS Cyberbit Basic&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Vera Sans&#39;,&#39;Bitstream Cyberbit&#39;,&#39;Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro&#39;,&#39;Matrix Unicode&#39;,sans-serif;">a</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-locuteurs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-locuteurs_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-locuteurs_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> <span class="ouvrage" id="François"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_François">Alexandre François, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AF-terrain.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Langues des îles Banks et Torres</cite></a>&#160;» <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-11-07" data-sort-value="2011-11-07">7 novembre 2011</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-generique-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-generique_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-generique_2-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-generique_2-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Code générique</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">A. François, <i><a href="#voyelles">Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages</a></i>, p. 446.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">A. François, <i>Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages</i>, p. 445.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="voyelles"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Alexandre François">Alexandre <span class="nom_auteur">François</span></a>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Oceanic Linguistics</span></i>, University of Hawaiʻi Press, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;44, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-12" data-sort-value="2005-12">décembre 2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">443–504</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0029-8115">0029-8115</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1527-9421">1527-9421</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_VowelsNorthernVanuatu_OL44-2.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+history+of+the+vowels+of+seventeen+northern+Vanuatu+languages&amp;rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandre&amp;rft.date=2005-12&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft.pages=443%E2%80%93504&amp;rft.issn=0029-8115&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMwesen"></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sorosoro.org/le-mwesen">Le mwesen</a> sur le site du projet <a href="/wiki/Sorosoro" title="Sorosoro">Sorosoro</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pangloss.cnrs.fr/corpus/Mwesen">Enregistrements audio en langue mwesen</a> <small>(par <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Alexandre François">A.&#160;François</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Collection_Pangloss" title="Collection Pangloss">Collection Pangloss</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a>)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alex.francois.online.fr/AFtxt_msn-kpwet_fr.htm">Un conte en mwesen</a> avec enregistrement et traduction.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mwesen&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_langues" title="Liste de langues">liste de langues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_famille" title="Langues par famille">langues par famille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_austron%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues austronésiennes">langues austronésiennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes">langues malayo-polynésiennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_malayo-polyn%C3%A9siennes_centrales-orientales" title="Langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales">langues malayo-polynésiennes centrales-orientales</a> <ul><li>langues malayo-polynésiennes orientales <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes" title="Langues océaniennes">langues océaniennes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_centrales_et_orientales" title="Langues océaniennes centrales et orientales">langues océaniennes centrales et orientales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_oc%C3%A9aniennes_du_Sud" title="Langues océaniennes du Sud">langues océaniennes du Sud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langues_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique" title="Langues par zone géographique">langues par zone géographique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langues_au_Vanuatu" title="Langues au Vanuatu">langues au Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_du_Vanuatu" title="Modèle:Palette Langues du Vanuatu"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Langues_du_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Langues du Vanuatu</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Langues officielles</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichelamar" title="Bichelamar">Bichelamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais">Anglais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français">Français</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Langues indigènes</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_Centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du Centre du Vanuatu">Centre du Vanuatu</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89fat%C3%A9_du_Sud" title="Éfaté du Sud">Éfaté du Sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_(langue_oc%C3%A9anienne)" title="Eton (langue océanienne)">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelepa_(langue)" title="Lelepa (langue)">Lelepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakanamanga" title="Nakanamanga">Nakanamanga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namakir_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Namakir (langue) (page inexistante)">Namakir</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namakir_language" class="extiw" title="en:Namakir language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Namakir language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_de_l%27Est_du_Vanuatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues de l&#39;Est du Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Est du Vanuatu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Vanuatu_languages" class="extiw" title="en:East Vanuatu languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;East Vanuatu languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Torres-Banks</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alo-Teqel_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alo-Teqel (langue) (page inexistante)">Alo-Teqel</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alo-Teqel_language" class="extiw" title="en:Alo-Teqel language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Alo-Teqel language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorig" title="Dorig">Dorig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiw_(langue)" title="Hiw (langue)">Hiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koro_(langue_du_Vanuatu)" title="Koro (langue du Vanuatu)">Koro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakon" title="Lakon">Lakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehali" title="Lehali">Lehali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemerig" title="Lemerig">Lemerig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-toga" title="Lo-toga">Lo-Toga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6y%C3%B6p" title="Löyöp">Löyöp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mota_(langue)" title="Mota (langue)">Mota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwerlap" title="Mwerlap">Mwerlap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mwesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwotlap" title="Mwotlap">Mwotlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nume" title="Nume">Nume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olrat" title="Olrat">Olrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera%27a" title="Vera&#39;a">Vera'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volow" title="Volow">Volow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vur%C3%ABs" title="Vurës">Vurës</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Penama</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apma" title="Apma">Apma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetora" title="Baetora">Baetora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maewo_central" title="Maewo central">Maewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambae_de_l%27Est" title="Ambae de l&#39;Est">Ambae de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrym_du_Nord" title="Ambrym du Nord">Ambrym du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hano" title="Hano">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_(langue)" title="Sa (langue)">Sa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ske_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ske (langue) (page inexistante)">Ske</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ske_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ske language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Ske language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sowa_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sowa (langue) (page inexistante)">Sowa</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sowa language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sowa language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungwadia" title="Sungwadia">Sungwadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambae_de_l%27Ouest" title="Ambae de l&#39;Ouest">Ambae de l'Ouest</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Paama–Ambrym</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakaka" title="Dakaka">Dakaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonwolwol" title="Lonwolwol">Lonwolwol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orkon_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orkon (langue) (page inexistante)">Orkon</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkon_language" class="extiw" title="en:Orkon language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Orkon language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paama_(langue)" title="Paama (langue)">Paama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-vato" title="Port-vato">Port-vato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrym_du_Sud-Est" title="Ambrym du Sud-Est">Ambrym du Sud-Est</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_Epi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues Epi (page inexistante)">Epi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epi_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Epi languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Epi languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baki_(langue)" title="Baki (langue)">Baki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierebo" title="Bierebo">Bierebo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bieria_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bieria (langue) (page inexistante)">Bieria</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieria_language" class="extiw" title="en:Bieria language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Bieria language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamenu" title="Lamenu">Lamenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewo" title="Lewo">Lewo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maii_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maii (langue) (page inexistante)">Maii</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maii_language" class="extiw" title="en:Maii language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Maii language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Malekula</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langue_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re_Malekula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langue côtière Malekula (page inexistante)">Côtière</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malekula_Coastal_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Malekula Coastal languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malekula Coastal languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atchin_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Atchin (langue) (page inexistante)">Atchin</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atchin_language" class="extiw" title="en:Atchin language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Atchin language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulua" title="Aulua">Aulua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axamb" title="Axamb">Axamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmbar" title="Burmbar">Burmbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_(langue)" title="Mae (langue)">Mae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malfaxal_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malfaxal (langue) (page inexistante)">Malfaxal</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malfaxal_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malfaxal language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malfaxal language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malua_Bay_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malua Bay (langue) (page inexistante)">Malua Bay</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malua_Bay_language" class="extiw" title="en:Malua Bay language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malua Bay language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskelynes" title="Maskelynes">Maskelynes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mpotovoro_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mpotovoro (langue) (page inexistante)">Mpotovoro</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpotovoro_language" class="extiw" title="en:Mpotovoro language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Mpotovoro language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahavaq" title="Nahavaq">Nahavaq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A4ti_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Näti (langue) (page inexistante)">Näti</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4ti_language" class="extiw" title="en:Näti language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Näti language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nese_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nese (langue) (page inexistante)">Nese</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nese_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nese language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nese language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unua" title="Unua">Unua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rerep" title="Rerep">Rerep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-sandwich" title="Port-sandwich">Port Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uripiv-wala-rano-atchin" title="Uripiv-wala-rano-atchin">Uripiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vao_(langue)" title="Vao (langue)">Vao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wala-Rano_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wala-Rano (langue) (page inexistante)">Wala-Rano</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wala-Rano_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wala-Rano language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wala-Rano language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_nord_et_du_centre_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du nord et du centre du Vanuatu">Nord et Centre</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labo_(langue)" title="Labo (langue)">Labo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letemboi" title="Letemboi">Letemboi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repanbitip_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Repanbitip (langue) (page inexistante)">Repanbitip</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repanbitip_language" class="extiw" title="en:Repanbitip language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Repanbitip language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dixon_Reef_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dixon Reef (langue) (page inexistante)">Dixon Reef</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixon_Reef_language" class="extiw" title="en:Dixon Reef language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Dixon Reef language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasarian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasarian (langue) (page inexistante)">Nasarian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasarian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nasarian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nasarian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katbol" title="Katbol">Katbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingarak" title="Lingarak">Lingarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinmavis" title="Vinmavis">Vinmavis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litzlitz_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Litzlitz (langue) (page inexistante)">Litzlitz</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litzlitz_language" class="extiw" title="en:Litzlitz language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Litzlitz language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larevat" title="Larevat">Larevat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maragus_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maragus (langue) (page inexistante)">Maragus</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maragus_language" class="extiw" title="en:Maragus language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Maragus language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_nambas" title="Big nambas">Big nambas</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_de_l%27int%C3%A9rieur_du_Malekula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues de l&#39;intérieur du Malekula (page inexistante)">Non classifiées</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malekula_Interior_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Malekula Interior languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Malekula Interior languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aveteian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aveteian (langue) (page inexistante)">Aveteian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aveteian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aveteian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Aveteian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navwien_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Navwien (langue) (page inexistante)">Navwien</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navwien_language" class="extiw" title="en:Navwien language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Navwien language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B6rs%C3%B6rian_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sörsörian (langue) (page inexistante)">Sörsörian</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6rs%C3%B6rian_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sörsörian language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sörsörian language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisvai" title="Nisvai">Nisvai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasvang_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasvang (langue) (page inexistante)">Nasvang</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasvang_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nasvang language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nasvang language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Navwien_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Navwien (langue) (page inexistante)">Navwien</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navwien_language" class="extiw" title="en:Navwien language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Navwien language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_polyn%C3%A9siennes" title="Langues polynésiennes">Polynésien</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emae_(langue)" title="Emae (langue)">Emae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna-aniwa" title="Futuna-aniwa">Futuna-Aniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele-fila" title="Mele-fila">Mele-Fila</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langues_West_Santo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Langues West Santo (page inexistante)">West Santo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Santo_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Santo languages"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;West Santo languages&#160;»">(en)</span></a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Nord ouest</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nokuku_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nokuku (langue) (page inexistante)">Nokuku</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokuku_language" class="extiw" title="en:Nokuku language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Nokuku language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piamatsina_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Piamatsina (langue) (page inexistante)">Piamatsina</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piamatsina_language" class="extiw" title="en:Piamatsina language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Piamatsina language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasmate_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasmate (langue) (page inexistante)">Tasmate</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmate_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tasmate language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tasmate language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolomako" title="Tolomako">Tolomako</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valpei_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Valpei (langue) (page inexistante)">Valpei</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valpei_language" class="extiw" title="en:Valpei language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Valpei language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vunapu_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vunapu (langue) (page inexistante)">Vunapu</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunapu_language" class="extiw" title="en:Vunapu language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Vunapu language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Nord est</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akei" title="Akei">Akei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblong" title="Amblong">Amblong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aore_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aore (langue) (page inexistante)">Aore</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aore_language" class="extiw" title="en:Aore language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Aore language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araki_(langue)" title="Araki (langue)">Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortsenal" title="Fortsenal">Fortsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavea_(langue)" title="Mavea (langue)">Mavea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merei_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Merei (langue) (page inexistante)">Merei</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merei_language" class="extiw" title="en:Merei language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Merei language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morouas_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morouas (langue) (page inexistante)">Morouas</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morouas_language" class="extiw" title="en:Morouas language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Morouas language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narango_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Narango (langue) (page inexistante)">Narango</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narango_language" class="extiw" title="en:Narango language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Narango language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navut" title="Navut">Navut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roria_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roria (langue) (page inexistante)">Roria</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roria_language" class="extiw" title="en:Roria language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Roria language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamambo" title="Tamambo">Tamambo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambotalo_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambotalo (langue) (page inexistante)">Tambotalo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambotalo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tambotalo language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tambotalo language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangoa_(langue)" title="Tangoa (langue)">Tangoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiale_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiale (langue) (page inexistante)">Tiale</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiale_language" class="extiw" title="en:Tiale language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Tiale language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutuba_(langue)" title="Tutuba (langue)">Tutuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wailapa_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wailapa (langue) (page inexistante)">Wailapa</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wailapa_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wailapa language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wailapa language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wusi_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wusi (langue) (page inexistante)">Wusi</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wusi_language" class="extiw" title="en:Wusi language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Wusi language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Langues_du_Sud_du_Vanuatu" title="Langues du Sud du Vanuatu">Langues du Sud du Vanuatu</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anejom" title="Anejom">Anejom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ifo_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ifo (langue) (page inexistante)">Ifo</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifo_language" class="extiw" title="en:Ifo language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Ifo language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwamera" title="Kwamera">Kwamera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenakel_(langue)" title="Lenakel (langue)">Lenakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_du_Nord" title="Tanna du Nord">Tanna du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sie" title="Sie">Sie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorung_(langue)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorung (langue) (page inexistante)">Sorung</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorung_language" class="extiw" title="en:Sorung language"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Sorung language&#160;»">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanna_du_Sud-Ouest" title="Tanna du Sud-Ouest">Tanna du Sud-Ouest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_(langue_du_Vanuatu)" title="Ura (langue du Vanuatu)">Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitesands" title="Whitesands">Whitesands</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Vanuatu" title="Portail du Vanuatu"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/37px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/55px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/74px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Vanuatu" title="Portail:Vanuatu">Portail du Vanuatu</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6fdd9f9b88‐xx7bd Cached time: 20241130090321 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.318 seconds Real time usage: 0.435 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3474/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 271393/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 118713/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 22/100 Expensive parser function count: 45/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5725/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.116/10.000 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