CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shandong University - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"658a301f-71ed-4859-8107-b165572906c8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shandong_University","wgTitle":"Shandong University","wgCurRevisionId":1256692428,"wgRevisionId":1256692428,"wgArticleId":395980,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from May 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata", "Use mdy dates from December 2023","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles using infobox university","Pages using infobox university with the nickname alias","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Shandong University","Universities and colleges in Jinan","Universities in China with English-medium medical schools","Vice-ministerial universities in China","Universities and colleges in Qingdao","1901 in Jinan"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shandong_University","wgRelevantArticleId":395980,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":36.67361111111111,"lon":117.05388888888889},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q604470","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1621"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1081"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="864"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shandong University - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_University"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_University"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shandong_University rootpage-Shandong_University skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shandong+University" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shandong+University" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shandong+University" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shandong+University" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditional_Learning_in_Shandong_(1733-1901)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_Learning_in_Shandong_(1733-1901)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Traditional Learning in Shandong (1733-1901)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_Learning_in_Shandong_(1733-1901)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th-Century_Precursors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th-Century_Precursors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>19th-Century Precursors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th-Century_Precursors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formal_Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Formal Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qingdao_Era_(1909–36)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qingdao_Era_(1909–36)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Qingdao Era (1909–36)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qingdao_Era_(1909–36)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wartime_(1937-49)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wartime_(1937-49)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Wartime (1937-49)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wartime_(1937-49)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Time_in_PRC_(1949–65)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Time_in_PRC_(1949–65)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Early Time in PRC (1949–65)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Time_in_PRC_(1949–65)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_Revolution_(1966–76)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Revolution_(1966–76)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Cultural Revolution (1966–76)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Revolution_(1966–76)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history_(1980–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history_(1980–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Recent history (1980–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history_(1980–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_and_ranking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_and_ranking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reputation and ranking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_ranking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools_and_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Schools and departments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Campuses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Campuses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Campuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Central Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hongjialou_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hongjialou_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hongjialou Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hongjialou_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baotuquan_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baotuquan_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Baotuquan Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baotuquan_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qianfoshan_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qianfoshan_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Qianfoshan Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qianfoshan_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xinglongshan_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xinglongshan_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Xinglongshan Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xinglongshan_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qilu_Software_College_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qilu_Software_College_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Qilu Software College Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qilu_Software_College_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weihai_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weihai_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Weihai Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weihai_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qingdao_Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qingdao_Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Qingdao Campus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qingdao_Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Cooperation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Cooperation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International Cooperation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Cooperation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_Centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_Centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Research Centers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Research_Centers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Research Centers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Research_Centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_Key_Laboratories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_Key_Laboratories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>State Key Laboratories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_Key_Laboratories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Engineering_Laboratory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Engineering_Laboratory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>National Engineering Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Engineering_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Research_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Research_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>National Research Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Research_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry_of_Education_Key_Laboratories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry_of_Education_Key_Laboratories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Ministry of Education Key Laboratories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry_of_Education_Key_Laboratories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministry_of_Health_Key_Laboratories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministry_of_Health_Key_Laboratories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Ministry of Health Key Laboratories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministry_of_Health_Key_Laboratories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_Research_Base_of_the_Ministry_of_Education_in_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_Research_Base_of_the_Ministry_of_Education_in_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Key Research Base of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_Research_Base_of_the_Ministry_of_Education_in_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Research_Institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Research_Institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>National Research Institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Research_Institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_Centers_of_Shandong_Province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_Centers_of_Shandong_Province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Research Centers of Shandong Province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_Centers_of_Shandong_Province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_hospitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_hospitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>University hospitals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-University_hospitals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle University hospitals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-University_hospitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shandong_University_Qilu_Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shandong_University_Qilu_Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Shandong University Qilu Hospital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shandong_University_Qilu_Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Hospital_of_Shandong_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Hospital_of_Shandong_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Second Hospital of Shandong University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Hospital_of_Shandong_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stomatology_Hospital_of_Shandong_University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stomatology_Hospital_of_Shandong_University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stomatology_Hospital_of_Shandong_University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motto_and_Slogan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motto_and_Slogan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Motto and Slogan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motto_and_Slogan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anthem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anthem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Anthem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anthem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Logo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_university_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_university_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>List of university presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_university_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_alumni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_faculty_and_alumni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable faculty and alumni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_faculty_and_alumni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shandong University</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0antungsk%C3%A1_univerzita" title="Šantungská univerzita – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šantungská univerzita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong-Universit%C3%A4t" title="Shandong-Universität – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shandong-Universität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandongi_%C3%9Clikool" title="Shandongi Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Shandongi Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دانشگاه شاندونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه شاندونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Shandong" title="Université du Shandong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université du Shandong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%91%A5_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99" title="산둥 대학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산둥 대학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Shandong" title="Universitas Shandong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Shandong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_dello_Shandong" title="Università dello Shandong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università dello Shandong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandonguniversiteit" title="Shandonguniversiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shandonguniversiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="山東大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="山東大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandonguniversitetet" title="Shandonguniversitetet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Shandonguniversitetet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="زانکۆی شاندۆنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانکۆی شاندۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shandong University" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Shandong" title="Unibersidad ng Shandong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Shandong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AD_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="شەندوڭ ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شەندوڭ ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="山東大學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="山東大學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="山東大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="山東大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="山东大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="山东大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q604470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Shandong_University" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Shandong_University" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Shandong_University" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&oldid=1256692428" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Shandong_University&id=1256692428&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShandong_University"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShandong_University"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shandong_University&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong_University" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/BDSU" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q604470" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_40_25_N_117_3_14_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°3′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.67361°N 117.05389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.67361; 117.05389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public university in Jinan, Shandong, China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"University of Shandong" redirects here. For other universities in the province of Shandong, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">List of universities and colleges in Shandong</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Shandong University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">山东大学</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdulogo_lettering.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png/150px-Sdulogo_lettering.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png/225px-Sdulogo_lettering.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official Seal of Shandong University</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Shandong Imperial University (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué Táng</span></i>)<br />Shandong Provincial University<br />National Shandong University (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:国">国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:國">國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guólì Shāndōng Dàxué</span></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">学无止境气有浩然<sup id="cite_ref-mottocn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mottocn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Noble in Spirit, Boundless in Knowledge<sup id="cite_ref-mottoen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mottoen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_university" title="National university">National university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1733<span class="noprint">; 291 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1733</span>)</span>. Reformed as university in 1901.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Officer in charge</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Guo Xinli (郭新立)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Li Shucai (李术才)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Vice-president</span></th><td class="infobox-data">韩圣浩, 芦延华, 刘建亚, 吴臻, 易凡</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,600 (in 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,898</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">67,122 (in 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41,565<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,557 (in 2021) <sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">China</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_40_25_N_117_3_14_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°3′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.67361°N 117.05389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.67361; 117.05389</span></span></span></a></span></span> (central campus)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Jinan (6), Weihai (1), Qingdao(1）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:maroon; color:white;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shanda (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndà</span></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdu.edu.cn/">山东大学</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.sdu.edu.cn/">Shandong University</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">山东大学</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">山東大學</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shandong University</b> (<span lang="zh-Hans">山东大学</span>; <b>SDU</b>) is a public university in <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, China. It is affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(China)" title="Ministry of Education (China)">Ministry of Education of China</a>. The university is part of <a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a>, <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>. </p><p>The oldest of Shandong University's precursor institutions, <a href="/wiki/Cheeloo_University" title="Cheeloo University">Cheeloo University</a>, was founded by American and English mission agencies in the late 19th century (as Tengchow College of Liberal Arts in <a href="/wiki/Penglai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai District">Penglai</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tengchow College was the first modern institution of higher learning in China.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University derives its official founding date from the Imperial Shandong University established in Jinan in November 1901 as the second modern national university in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shandong University has eight campuses, all but two of which are located in the provincial capital city of <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>. The newest of these campuses is located to the northeast of the port city of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_Learning_in_Shandong_(1733-1901)"><span id="Traditional_Learning_in_Shandong_.281733-1901.29"></span>Traditional Learning in Shandong (1733-1901)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional Learning in Shandong (1733-1901)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyuanacademy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Luoyuanacademy.jpg/183px-Luoyuanacademy.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Luoyuanacademy.jpg/275px-Luoyuanacademy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Luoyuanacademy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Buildings of the Luoyuan Academy in Jinan</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miao_Quansun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miao_Quansun.jpg/150px-Miao_Quansun.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Miao_Quansun.jpg/225px-Miao_Quansun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Miao_Quansun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>Miao Quansun, a historian, bibliographer, and book collector, taught at the Luoyuan Academy and helped to establish China's first modern libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG/102px-Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="102" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG/153px-Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG/204px-Jinan_Confucian_Temple_2009-09_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="2297" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg/182px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg/273px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg/364px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%BA%9C%E5%AD%B8%E6%96%87%E5%BB%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Confucian_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucian Temple">Confucian Temple</a> of Jinan, which was constructed in <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song Dynasty</a> and used as the site for <a href="/wiki/Imperial_examination" title="Imperial examination">Imperial examination</a>. Jinan has served as the center of culture and politics of Shandong Province for more than seven centuries.</div></div></div></div> <p>The Luoyuan Academy (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:泺">泺</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:源">源</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:书">书</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luoyuán Shūyuàn</span></i>) was established in Jinan in 1733 by an imperial edict from the <a href="/wiki/Yongzheng_Emperor" title="Yongzheng Emperor">Yongzheng Emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luoyuanhudong-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governor of Shandong, Yue Jun (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:岳">岳</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:浚">浚</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:岳">岳</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:濬">濬</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yuè Jùn</span></i>), received 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Tael" title="Tael">taels</a> of silver (approximately 37 kg) to fund the establishment of the academy.<sup id="cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luoyuanhudong-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Luoyuan" (literally "source of the Luo [River]") refers to the original location of the academy near the <a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a>. The academy was dedicated to teaching the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">Chinese classics</a><sup id="cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luoyuanhudong-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the sons of the <a href="/wiki/Gentry_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentry (China)">gentry</a>. Scholars affiliated with the academy include: Bi Yuan (畢沅, 1730–1797), Sang Tiaoyuan (桑调元, 1695–1771), Shen Qiyuan (沈起元, 1685–1763), He Shaoji (何紹基, 1799–1873), Kuang Yuan (匡源, 1815–1881), Wang Zhihan (王之翰, 1821–1850), Liu Yaochun (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刘耀春</span></span>), Zhu Xuedu (朱学笃, 1826–1892), and Miao Quansun (缪荃孙, 1844–1919). In 1881, the American Presbyterian missionaries John Murray (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:莫">莫</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:约">约</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BF%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:翰">翰</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Mò Yuēhàn</span></i>) and Stephen A. Hunter (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:洪">洪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:士">士</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8F%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:提">提</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:反">反</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hóngshì Tífǎn</span></i>) attempted to purchase a property adjacent to the Luoyuan Academy for use as a chapel. This led to a violent reaction when on July 13, 1881, literati from the academy incited an attack on the property.<sup id="cite_ref-usdospapers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usdospapers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident, known as the "Jinan Jiaoan" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:济">济</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:教">教</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A1%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:案">案</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jìnán Jiào'àn</span></i>), had considerable diplomatic repercussions for the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and the United States. The Luoyuan Academy was rebuilt in 1896 to become the largest institution of its kind in Shandong.<sup id="cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-luoyuanhudong-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five years later (in 1901) it was replaced by the newly founded Imperial Shandong College which took over its campus<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (today the site of the Provincial Bureau of Statistics on Spring City Road, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:路">路</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Quán Chéng Lù</span></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th-Century_Precursors">19th-Century Precursors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th-Century Precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CalvinMateer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CalvinMateer.jpg/150px-CalvinMateer.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CalvinMateer.jpg/224px-CalvinMateer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/CalvinMateer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Wilson_Mateer" title="Calvin Wilson Mateer">Calvin W. Mateer</a> established the Tengchow College of Liberal Arts in Dengzhou (<a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg/190px-Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg/285px-Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg/380px-Graduates_of_tengchow_college.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>First graduates of Tengchow College, 1880s</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest precursor institutions that would later be fused into Shandong University were founded by American and English mission agencies: In early January 1864, <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Wilson_Mateer" title="Calvin Wilson Mateer">Calvin W. Mateer</a>, an American Presbyterian missionary, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Julia_Brown_Mateer" title="Julia Brown Mateer">Julia Brown Mateer</a>, arrived in the recently opened <a href="/wiki/Treaty_ports" title="Treaty ports">treaty port</a> of Dengzhou (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">登州</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">Tengchow</span></i>) in the area of the present-day city of <a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai</a> on the north-eastern coast of Shandong Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their journey had begun in New York on July 3, 1863, had taken them around the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> to Shanghai, and had ended with a shipwreck off the coast of Yantai.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the autumn of 1864, the Mateers opened an elementary school for boys (Mengyang Educational Society, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%92%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:蒙">蒙</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:养">养</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Méngyǎng Xuétáng</span></i>) in a <a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a> temple that had been sold to them since there were insufficient funds for its upkeep as a temple.<sup id="cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school's first class consisted of six boarders and two day pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was enlarged to accommodate 30 boarders and divided into primary and high school sections in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high school became known as the Wenhui Guan (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:会">会</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A6%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:馆">馆</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wénhuì Guǎn</span></i>). The Tengchow College of Liberal Arts was formally established in 1882,<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e., at a time when the school had been operated as a primary and high school for 18 years already. By 1889, enrollment in the college had grown to 100 students.<sup id="cite_ref-lutz1971_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The six-year curriculum included algebra, geometry and conic sections, trigonometry and measurement, surveying and navigation, analytical geometry and mathematical physics, calculus, as well as astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-lutz1971_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religion also featured prominently in the curriculum as well as in daily life at Tengchow College.<sup id="cite_ref-lutz1971_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The college soon enjoyed a reputation for its high standards of academic excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Parsons_Martin" title="William Alexander Parsons Martin">W.A.P Martin</a> hired young professors of Western learning for the Imperial Capital University (the precursor of present-day Peking University), 12 out of 13 young professors hired were graduates of Tengchow College of Liberal Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1884, shortly after the formal establishment of Tengchow College of Liberal Arts, British Baptists established Tsingchow Boys' Boarding School in <a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a>, also located in northern Shandong, but not directly on the coast. </p><p>In 1902, the American and British missionaries agreed to combine their education ventures in Shandong,<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and established an arts college (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BD%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:潍">潍</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:县">县</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:广">广</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wéixiàn Guǎngwén Xuétáng</span></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>, a theological college (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:青">青</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:州">州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:共">共</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:合">合</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:神">神</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">道</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngzhōu Gònghé Shéndào Xuétáng</span></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a>, and a medical college (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:济">济</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:共">共</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:合">合</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:医">医</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">道</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jìnán Gònghé Yīdào Xuétáng</span></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909, all three colleges were consolidated<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into Shantung Protestant University (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:新">新</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:教">教</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Xīnjiào Dàxué</span></i>) which was later renamed Shantung Christian University (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:基">基</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9D%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:督">督</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:教">教</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Jīdūjiào Dàxué</span></i>). "Cheeloo University", the school's informal name that had been officially approved by the school council in 1915, was derived from <i>"Qilu"</i>, a nickname of Shandong Province coined after the ancient states of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(Shandong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi (Shandong)">Qi</a> (1046 BC–221 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Lu_(state)" title="Lu (state)">Lu</a> (10th century BC–256 BC) that once existed in the area. Jinan was chosen as the new location for the consolidated university.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Winters_Luce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Henry_Winters_Luce.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Luce" title="Henry W. Luce">Henry W. Luce</a> led the fundraising for Cheeloo University in Jinan.</figcaption></figure> <p>A prominent member of Cheeloo University's faculty was <a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Luce" title="Henry W. Luce">Henry Winters Luce</a> (1868–1941), the father of the publisher <a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Luce" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry R. Luce">Henry R. Luce</a> (founder of <i><a href="/wiki/TIME_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME Magazine">TIME</a>,</i> <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)"><i>Fortune</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)"><i>Life</i></a>). Henry W. Luce initially led the fundraising efforts for the new campus in Jinan<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (today the Baotuquan Campus of Shandong University). In this capacity, he raised 300,000 dollars between 1912 and 1915 from donors in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-haas1996_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haas1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings on the new Cheeloo campus were designed by the architectural firm of <a href="/wiki/Dwight_H._Perkins_(architect)" title="Dwight H. Perkins (architect)">Perkins, Fellows, & Hamilton</a> from Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry W. Luce was elected vice-president of Cheeloo University in 1916, but resigned in the following year already, because he felt that he had insufficient support for his vision of a university of major national influence from the then Cheeloo president <a href="/wiki/J._Percy_Bruce" title="J. Percy Bruce">J. Percy Bruce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-haas1996_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haas1996-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheeloo University particularly made its mark in the field of medicine: From 1914 to 1936, the university built and subsequently expanded Cheeloo Hospital as a major facility for medical education in China. Between 1916 and 1923, the former Peking Union Medical College, the Medical Department of Nanking University, the Hankow Medical College, and the North China Union Medical College for Women were all moved to Jinan and merged into the Cheeloo University School of Medicine under Dean and acting university president <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cochran" title="Samuel Cochran">Samuel Cochran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cheeloo University attracted Chinese intellectuals and scholars. The writer <a href="/wiki/Lao_She" title="Lao She">Lao She</a>, author of the novel <i>"<a href="/wiki/Rickshaw_Boy" title="Rickshaw Boy">Rickshaw Boy</a>"</i> and the play <i>"Teahouse"</i>, taught at Cheeloo University (1930–1934) as well as at National Shandong University in Qingdao and other universities between 1934 and 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-rickshawboy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rickshawboy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1937, when the Japanese forces occupied northern China during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, Cheeloo University evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and operated on the campus of West China Union University<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>. In Jinan, the university's hospital remained open with a largely Western staff.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, the Japanese military used the entire campus for housing about 1,200 patients along with 600 officers.<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> (1950–1953), the Chinese government came to regard Christian schools as tools of "<a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a>" and hence embarked on closing them down.<sup id="cite_ref-lutz1971_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cheeloo University was dissolved in 1952. Its Medical School was fused with Shandong Provincial Medical College and the East China Norman Bethune Medical College to form Shandong Medical College (renamed into "Shandong Medical University" in 1985). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_Establishment">Formal Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Formal Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Late_Qing_reforms" title="Late Qing reforms">Late Qing reforms</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/178px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/268px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg/357px-YuanShikaiPresidente1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>As governor of Shandong, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> (shown as <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">Emperor of China</a> in 1916) drafted the charter for Shandong College.</figcaption></figure> <p>The initiative for the founding of Shandong University (as Imperial Shandong University, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué Táng</span></i>) in 1901 as a national, modern university came from <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>, then the governor of Shandong province. Yuan Shikai was the chief military modernizer of the late Qing Dynasty whose control over a powerful army combined with his personal ambition played a key role in the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> as well as its descent into warlordism in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhao1996_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao1996-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg/150px-Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg/226px-Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg/301px-Shandong_university_charter_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>The 1901 provisional charter establishing Shandong university, which was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu Emperor</a> (in red ink)</figcaption></figure> <p>Yuan Shikai had been governor of Shandong Province since December 1899. He had been appointed to this post to quell the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer Uprising">Boxer Uprising</a> in the province and to reassure the foreign diplomats in the country who were looking for quick decisive actions against the boxers.<sup id="cite_ref-Xiang_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xiang-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901, the same year that marked the end of the Boxer Uprising, Yuan sent a draft for the university charter (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:办">办</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:章">章</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:程">程</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:辦">辦</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:章">章</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:程">程</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué Bànxué Zhāngchéng</span></i>) to the <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu Emperor</a> and instructed Li Yukai, the magistrate of Penglai, to start preparations for the university.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The draft of the university charter was approved by the emperor in November 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shortly after the Boxer Uprising had officially ended with the signing of the Boxer Protocol on September 7, 1901. Shandong Imperial University became hence the second modern national university established in the country after Imperial Capital University (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:师">师</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:京">京</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:師">師</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jīngshī Dàxuétáng</span></i>) that had been founded in 1898 and later became <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>. The charter of Shandong Imperial University served as a model for subsequent foundations of imperial university. The original charter document for Shandong University is now kept in the <a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> where it had been taken during the retreat of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watson_M_Hayes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Watson_M_Hayes.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="196" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Watson_McMillan_Hayes" title="Watson McMillan Hayes">Watson M. Hayes</a> was invited to organize Imperial Shandong University and served as its first dean.</figcaption></figure> <p>Governor Yuan Shikai wanted a prominent position for Western learning in the curriculum of the new college.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, he invited the American Presbyterian missionary Dr. <a href="/wiki/Watson_McMillan_Hayes" title="Watson McMillan Hayes">Watson McMillan Hayes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:赫">赫</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:士">士</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hèshì</span></i>, 1857–1944) who was then serving as president of Tengchow College<sup id="cite_ref-lutz1971_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Penglai to help with setting up the new Imperial Shandong University and serve as its president.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of the Presbyterian missionary W. A. P. Martin as inaugural president of the Imperial Capital University three years earlier<sup id="cite_ref-pkunews2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pkunews2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had set a precedent for this arrangement. Hayes arrived in Jinan in July 1901 and started the preparations for the new college.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hayes also published Shandong's first successful daily newspaper and petitioned the Qing court to grant a holiday on Sundays;<sup id="cite_ref-1stuniv_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1stuniv-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, Shandong University was closed on Sundays right from the start.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by the end of the year, Hayes and six Chinese Christian teachers he had brought with him had resigned already<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over disagreements regarding the policy of mandatory <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> worship for students of the imperial university.<sup id="cite_ref-heyden2005_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heyden2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hayes went on to teach the Presbyterian Mission Theological Class in Chefoo (present-day <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>) and continued to work as a missionary and educator in Shandong until his death in a <a href="/wiki/The_Weihsien_Compound" class="mw-redirect" title="The Weihsien Compound">Japanese internment camp</a> in Wei County (present-day Weifang) in 1944. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg/196px-Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg/294px-Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg/392px-Shandong_imperial_university_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Opening ceremony of Shandong Imperial University</figcaption></figure> <p>Imperial Shandong University occupied the premises of the Luoyuan Academy which had been renovated and extended significantly five years earlier. It was opened on November 13, 1901, in a ceremony attended by Governor Yuan Shikai.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 299 student were enrolled in the first term,<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 120 passed the first examination and 100 were finally admitted.<sup id="cite_ref-heeren1940_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first faculty had 50 members that also included teachers from overseas,<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was later increased to 110. The curriculum contained Chinese classics, Chinese history, social sciences, natural sciences, and foreign language<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with more than 20 subjects being taught.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning, the curriculum covered 3 years, but it was later expanded to 4 years.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg/201px-Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg/302px-Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg/402px-Shandongcollegefaculty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>"Western studies" faculty of Imperial Shandong University (presumably W. M. Hayes and the six Chinese Christian teachers he had brought with him)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first president of the new university was <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xuexi" title="Zhou Xuexi">Zhou Xuexi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Former_Presidents_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Former_Presidents-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, Imperial Shandong University moved to new premises in the Ganshi Qiao (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:杆">杆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:石">石</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A1%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:桥">桥</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Gānshí Qiáo</span></i>) area of Jinan<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (located to the south-west of the historical city center) and changed its name to "Shandong Institution of Higher Learning" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:高">高</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:等">等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Gāoděng Xuétáng</span></i>). In 1911, it changed its name once again, this time to the "School of Higher Learning" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:高">高</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:等">等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Gāoděng Xuéxiào</span></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qingdao_Era_(1909–36)"><span id="Qingdao_Era_.281909.E2.80.9336.29"></span>Qingdao Era (1909–36)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Qingdao Era (1909–36)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory" title="Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory">Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Culture_Movement" title="New Culture Movement">New Culture Movement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_shandong_university_qingdao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/National_shandong_university_qingdao.jpg/220px-National_shandong_university_qingdao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/National_shandong_university_qingdao.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption>Gate of National Shandong University in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. The building in the background was originally part of the German Bismarck Barracks.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743,_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg/225px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_134-C1743%2C_Alfred_von_Tirpitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>German <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Admiral von Tirpitz</a> backed a plan that gave the Chinese government a stake in the new university of Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The first modern academic institution in the port city of Qingdao, then part of the German <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou Bay colonial concession</a>, was the German-Chinese "Advanced School of Special Sciences of a Special Type" (<i>"Hochschule für Spezialwissenschaften mit besonderem Charakter"</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:特别">特别</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:高等">高等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E9%97%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:专门">专门</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:学堂">学堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tèbié Gāoděng Zhuānmén Xuétáng</span></i>). It was founded on October 25, 1909,<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 11 years after the German lease on the territory went into effect. In establishing the university, the German authorities took a much more accommodating approach towards the Chinese government than they had taken in the de facto annexation of the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The negotiations over the establishment of the school were led by sinologist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Franke_(sinologist)" title="Otto Franke (sinologist)">Otto Franke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the German governor Oskar von Truppel vigorously objected to Chinese influence over the school,<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franke's collaboration plan received firm backing from <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Tirpitz" title="Alfred von Tirpitz">Admiral von Tirpitz</a> as well as the German envoy in Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university operated under the supervision of the German naval administration, but was recognized and supported financially by the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cumbersome name of the school ("spezial" or "tebie", i.e., "special") was chosen at the insistence of the Chinese government to reflect its special status, below the Imperial College in Beijing but above the other provincial Chinese universities.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local informal name for the university was "Hainan School" in reference to an old name for Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Studies were organized in a "preparatory level" with a six-year (since 1911, five-year) curriculum for students aged 13 to 15 years and an "upper school".<sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subjects covered included German, history, geography, mathematics, natural history, zoology, botany, health, physics, chemistry, drawing, music, sports, as well as Chinese language and sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas engineering and natural sciences were taught in an entirely "Western mode", the Chinese and European approaches were combined in the teaching of the humanities.<sup id="cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious subjects had been excluded from the curriculum at the request of the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of students at the school rose to about 400 in 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the school assembled a German and a Chinese library with about 5000 and 8000 volumes respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> School operations ceased with the beginning of the First World War in 1914<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kim2004_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and never resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gao_Enhong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gao_Enhong.jpg/150px-Gao_Enhong.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gao_Enhong.jpg/225px-Gao_Enhong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Gao_Enhong.jpg/299px-Gao_Enhong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gao_Enhong" title="Gao Enhong">Gao Enhong</a>, first president of the private Qingdao University and governor of the Jiaozhou territory</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg/150px-Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg/224px-Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Zang_Kejia_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Poet <a href="/wiki/Zang_Kejia" title="Zang Kejia">Zang Kejia</a> studied at National Shandong University and later co-edited the "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao".</figcaption></figure> <p>Qingdao reverted from Japanese to Chinese control in 1922 and Qingdao University was founded as a new private university in August 1924; its first president was <a href="/wiki/Gao_Enhong" title="Gao Enhong">Gao Enhong</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the governor of the Jiaozhou territory.<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former German-Chinese university was not mentioned during the opening ceremony and it was decided not to hire foreign teachers for the time being.<sup id="cite_ref-steen2006_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qingdao University was housed in the former Bismarck barracks that had been constructed for the German troops in 1903, i.e., during the time when Qingdao was part of the German concession in Shandong. The curriculum of Qingdao University was mainly focused on engineering and business administration<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a bachelor's degree was to be awarded after four years of study. <a href="/wiki/Luo_Ronghuan" title="Luo Ronghuan">Luo Ronghuan</a>, later a marshal of the People's Liberation Army, was among Qingdao University's students. Qingdao University fell on hard times after the <a href="/wiki/Zhili_clique" title="Zhili clique">Zhili clique</a> of <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">warlords</a> that had ruled Shandong since the takeover from the Japanese unexpectedly lost to its rival <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_clique" title="Fengtian clique">Fengtian clique</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Zhili%E2%80%93Fengtian_War" title="Second Zhili–Fengtian War">Second Zhili–Fengtian War</a> of 1924. Gao Enhong was forced to resign as president of the university and funding dried up.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg/150px-Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg/225px-Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Zhang_Zongchang7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongchang" title="Zhang Zongchang">Zhang Zongchang</a> ordered the fusion of six schools into a provincial Shandong University in Jinan.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Fengtian clique installed the warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongchang" title="Zhang Zongchang">Zhang Zongchang</a> as ruler of Shandong. Zhang, an illiterate former bandit<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had built a reputation mainly for ruthlessness, brutality, and colorful antics,<sup id="cite_ref-basestwlord_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-basestwlord-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordered the fusion of six schools into a provincial Shandong University (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:省">省</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnglì Shāndōng Dàxué</span></i>) in Jinan in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, the Kuomintang Government in Nanjing regained control of northern China and Shandong through the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a>. Soon afterwards, preparations commenced for a National University in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1928, the government ordered the replacement of the provincial Shandong University with a National University in Shandong.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National University of Qingdao was formally established with an opening ceremony on September 21, 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, it was renamed "National Shandong University". Like Qingdao University, Shandong National University was housed in the buildings of the former Bismarck barracks. The university's chancellor, Yang Zhensheng (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:杨">杨</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:振">振</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:声">声</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yáng Zhènshēng</span></i>), followed the model set by <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> in establishing an "inclusive" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:兼">兼</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:容">容</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:并">并</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:包">包</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jiānróng bìngbāo</span></i>), "scientific and democratic" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:科学">科学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:民主">民主</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Kēxué mínzhǔ</span></i>) academic environment.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Shandong National University hired distinguished scientists, scholars and literary figures such as <a href="/wiki/Lao_She" title="Lao She">Lao She</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wen_Yiduo" title="Wen Yiduo">Wen Yiduo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shen_Congwen" title="Shen Congwen">Shen Congwen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liang_Shiqiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Liang Shiqiu">Liang Shiqiu</a>, the nuclear physicist <a href="/wiki/Wang_Ganchang" title="Wang Ganchang">Wang Ganchang</a> (faculty member from 1934 to 1936), and the embryologist <a href="/wiki/Tong_Dizhou" title="Tong Dizhou">Tong Dizhou</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poet <a href="/wiki/Zang_Kejia" title="Zang Kejia">Zang Kejia</a>, who later co-edited the "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:毛主席">毛主席</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E8%AF%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:诗词">诗词</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B2%E8%A7%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:讲解">讲解</a></span>, 1957), was a student of Wen Yiduo from 1930 to 1934 in Qingdao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wartime_(1937-49)"><span id="Wartime_.281937-49.29"></span>Wartime (1937-49)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wartime (1937-49)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg/220px-StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg/330px-StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg/440px-StudentsCheelooUniversity1941.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Students at Shantung Christian University (Cheeloo University), 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1937, a few months after <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge Incident</a> that had marked the outbreak of a fully-fledged war in July of the same year, National Shandong University was evacuated from Qingdao. The university first moved to <a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui Province</a> and soon afterwards to <a href="/wiki/Wanxian" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanxian">Wanxian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</a> (today <a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanzhou District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Books, equipment, and administrative files were shipped in separate installments and suffered severe loss.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classes resumed in Wanxian in Spring 1938, but were stopped soon after that on orders of the Ministry of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers and students were then transferred to the <a href="/wiki/National_Central_University" title="National Central University">National Central University</a> that had been moved from <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the previous year. The books and equipment of Shandong University were placed into storage in the National Central Library, the National Central University, and the National Central Vocational School.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, in the spring of 1946, the university moved back to Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1945 until May 1949, part of the Shandong University campus in Qingdao served as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/6th_Marine_Division_(United_States)" title="6th Marine Division (United States)">U.S. Sixth Marine Division</a> until it was disbanded on March 31, 1946 and later on for the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Marine_Force" title="Fleet Marine Force">U.S. Fleet Marine Force</a>, Western Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-xbli1998_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbli1998-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, the Su Mingcheng Incident, in which an American seaman had killed a rickshaw puller after an argument, caused protests of the university students.<sup id="cite_ref-xbli1998_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xbli1998-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cxgwei2002_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cxgwei2002-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the surrender of Japanese, in 1944, the Central China Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) decided to establish Huazhong Construction University (华中建设大学) on the basis of the Huazhonga Party School. The school was located in Xinpu, <a href="/wiki/Xuyi_County" title="Xuyi County">Xuyi County</a>, in the border area of <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and Anhui. In August 1945, the school moved to <a href="/wiki/Qingjiang_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingjiang City">Qingjiang City</a>. </p><p>In August 1945, the Shandong Anti-Japanese People's Government of the CCP established Shandong University in <a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a>, the capital of the communist base; to distinguish it from the National Shandong University, it was called <b>Linyi Shandong University</b>. In early 1946, Peng Kang, the president of Huazhong Construction University, led the teachers and students of the university to merge into Linyi Shandong University.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after Japanese withdrew from China, CCP and <a href="/wiki/KMT" class="mw-redirect" title="KMT">KMT</a> fought the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War_(1946-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Civil War (1946-1949)">Chinese Civil War</a>. In the summer of 1948, the East China Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party decided to establish East China University in <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> by combining the former Linyi Shandong University with Huazhong Construction University. After Jinan was taken by the communists, East China University moved to Jinan in November. In the winter of 1950, after KMT and <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> left Qingdao, it was ordered to move to Qingdao, and in 1951 it merged with Shandong University in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Time_in_PRC_(1949–65)"><span id="Early_Time_in_PRC_.281949.E2.80.9365.29"></span>Early Time in PRC (1949–65)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early Time in PRC (1949–65)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1952_reorganization_of_higher_education_in_China" title="1952 reorganization of higher education in China">1952 reorganization of higher education in China</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg/161px-Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg/242px-Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg/322px-Sdupartymeeting1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Communist Party Meeting at Shandong University in 1959, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:225px;max-width:225px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:152px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg/223px-19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg/335px-19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg/446px-19600504-%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B3%89%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%86%9C%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E9%80%81%E5%B1%95%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a> met students in Jinan during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Famine (China)">Great Famine</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1951, East China University (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huádōng Dàxué</span></i>) was merged into Shandong University. In the same year, the university published the <i>"Journal of Shandong University"</i>. Cheeloo University was dissolved in 1952 and its Medical School became part of Shandong Medical College. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a>, Soviet faculty members worked at Shandong University. In October 1958, the university moved back to Jinan from Qingdao. The marine sciences remained in Qingdao, where they later formed Shandong Ocean University.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Jinan, Shandong University first occupied the Hongjialou Campus.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the new Central Campus commenced in 1959, during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a> and in the year of a great <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> flood. Shandong University was added to the list of <a href="/wiki/National_Key_Universities" title="National Key Universities">National Key University</a> on October 10, 1960.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Revolution_(1966–76)"><span id="Cultural_Revolution_.281966.E2.80.9376.29"></span>Cultural Revolution (1966–76)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural Revolution (1966–76)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg/150px-Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg/225px-Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Zhou_Enlai_MeiyuanXincun17_Nanjing_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> intervened to restore Shandong University during the Cultural Revolution.</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting from early June 1966, schools in Jinan were closed down by strikes as teachers were "struggled against" in the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gov1966up_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov1966up-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University was also completely paralyzed by the events.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A complete restructuring was imposed on Shandong's university system: according to a resolution passed by the Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province on July 29, 1970, the liberal arts of Shandong University were moved to Qufu and combined with Qufu Normal College to form a new Shandong University.<sup id="cite_ref-provrec1970_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provrec1970-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biology department was moved to Tai'an and merged into the Shandong Agricultural College.<sup id="cite_ref-provrec1970_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provrec1970-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rest of the sciences was to form the Shandong Science and Technology University.<sup id="cite_ref-provrec1970_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provrec1970-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, the university's admission policy was also changed: in order to open the university to workers and peasants, new students were now nominated "by the masses" and then approved by the political leadership and the university.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1976, a total of 3267 students who were admitted under this scheme graduated after completing a 2- or 3-year curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Premier <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> learned of Shandong University's reorganization in 1973. Although he was already terminally ill with bladder cancer at the time, he intervened and ordered a return to previous structure of the university.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, all organizational changes imposed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutionary_Committee_of_Shandong_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province (page does not exist)">Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province</a> were undone in early 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-provrec1974_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-provrec1974-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history_(1980–present)"><span id="Recent_history_.281980.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Recent history (1980–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recent history (1980–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shandong University Weihai Campus was established in 1984. In 1985, Shandong Medical College was renamed Shandong Medical University. From 1986 to 1996, Shandong University underwent a period of rapid academic expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1997, is contained 14 colleges, 45 schools and offered 56 undergraduate program, 57 master's degree programs as well as 17 doctoral degree programs.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University merged with Shandong Medical University and the Shandong University of Technology in 2000. With Shandong Medical University the former campus of Cheeloo University became part of Shandong University (as the West Campus, renamed Baotuquan Campus in 2009). The campus of Shandong University of Technology became the South Campus of Shandong University (renamed Qianfoshan Campus in 2009). Construction of the Xinglongshan Campus (then under the name "New South Campus"), a large new campus located in a mountain valley to the south of Jinan dedicated to education of first- and second-year undergraduate students, began in 2003.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2019, the university attracted controversy when it was reported that male foreign students were assigned three generally female Chinese "buddies" to help them with life in China. An application form for the study program even mentioned "making foreign friends of the opposite sex". The university subsequently apologized but dismissed reports of male international students being paired with three female domestic students, saying that the language on the application form was "improper expression" due to "insufficient checks". The incident led to complaints about foreign students receiving too many privileges.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Academic institutions in the history of Shandong University </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Establishment </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Established by </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Year established </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Location </th></tr> <tr> <td>Luoyuan Academy (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:泺">泺</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:源">源</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:书">书</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luoyuán Shūyuàn</span></i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qing_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing emperor">Qing Emperor</a></td> <td>1733</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tengchow College of Liberal Arts<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:登">登</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:州">州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:会">会</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A6%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:馆">馆</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dēngzhōu Wénhuì Guǎn</span></i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="American Presbyterians">American Presbyterians</a></td> <td>1882</td> <td>Dengzhou (part of <a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tsingchow Boys' Boarding School<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:廣">廣</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:德">德</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:書">書</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guǎngdé Shūyuàn</span></i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="British in China">British Baptists</a></td> <td>1884</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts College at Weixian<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BD%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:潍">潍</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:县">县</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:广">广</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:文">文</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wéixiàn Guǎngwén Xuétáng</span></i></td> <td>American Presbyterians & British Baptists</td> <td>1902</td> <td>Weixian (i.e., Wei County, today the city of <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theological College at Qingzhou<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:青">青</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:州">州</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:共">共</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:合">合</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:神">神</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">道</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngzhōu Gònghé Shéndào Xuétáng</span></i></td> <td>American Presbyterians & British Baptists</td> <td>1902</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medical College<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:济">济</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:共">共</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:合">合</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:医">医</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">道</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jìnán Gònghé Yīdào Xuétáng</span></i></td> <td>American Presbyterians & British Baptists</td> <td>1902</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Imperial University<br /> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué Táng</span></i>)</td> <td>Qing Emperor</td> <td>1901</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Institution of Higher Learning<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:高">高</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:等">等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Gāoděng Xuétáng</span></i>)</td> <td>Qing Emperor</td> <td>1904</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheeloo_University" title="Cheeloo University">Cheeloo University</a>/Shantung Protestant University (later renamed to Shantung Christian University,<br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:齐">齐</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:鲁">鲁</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qílǔ Dàxué</span></i>)</td> <td>American Presbyterians & British Baptists</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Advanced School of Special Sciences of a Special Type<br /> (Hochschule für Spezialwissenschaften mit besonderem Charakter,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:特">特</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:别">别</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:高">高</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:等">等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:专">专</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%97%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:门">门</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tèbié Gāoděng Zhuānmén Xuétáng</span></i>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> & Qing Dynasty</td> <td>1909</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>School of Higher Learning<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:高">高</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:等">等</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Gāoděng Xuéxiào</span></i>)</td> <td></td> <td>1911</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial Law and Politics College</td> <td></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial Industrial College</td> <td></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial Commercial College</td> <td></td> <td>1914</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial Medical College</td> <td></td> <td>1920</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial College of Mineralogy</td> <td></td> <td>1920</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qingdao University</td> <td>(Private)</td> <td>1924</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong Provincial University<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:省">省</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shěnglì Shāndōng Dàxué</span></i>)</td> <td>Warlord <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongchang" title="Zhang Zongchang">Zhang Zongchang</a></td> <td>1926</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>National Shandong University<br />(<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:国">国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:國">國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:立">立</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guólì Shāndōng Dàxué</span></i>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></td> <td>1932</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>University Property Protection Committee of National Shandong University</td> <td>Republic of China</td> <td>1938</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huazhong Construction University</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td> <td>1944</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Linyi Shandong University</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>National Shandong University</td> <td>Republic of China</td> <td>1946</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>Huadong (East China) University<br />(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Huádōng Dàxué</span></i>)</td> <td></td> <td>1948</td> <td>Weixian (today the city of <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong University</td> <td></td> <td>1951</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qingdao Medical College</td> <td></td> <td>1956</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong College of Oceanography (now Ocean University of China, Qingdao)</td> <td></td> <td>1959</td> <td>Qingdao </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong University<br />(<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:東">東</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué</span></i>) </td> <td></td> <td>1958</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Arts Departments are combined with Qufu Teachers College</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolutionary_Committee_of_Shandong_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province (page does not exist)">Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province</a></td> <td>1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Biology becomes part of Shandong Agricultural College</td> <td>Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province</td> <td>1970</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Science and the Administration built into Shandong University of Science and Technology</td> <td>Revolutionary Committee of Shandong Province</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr> <tr> <td>Shandong University</td> <td><a href="/wiki/P.R._China" class="mw-redirect" title="P.R. China">P.R. China</a></td> <td>1974</td> <td>Jinan </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_and_ranking">Reputation and ranking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reputation and ranking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox infobox-table" style="width:23em"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_China" title="Rankings of universities in China">University rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Chinese_Universities_Ranking" title="Best Chinese Universities Ranking">BCUR</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_BCUR_N_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_BCUR_N-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> Domestic</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/Wu_Shulian_Chinese_university_rankings" title="Wu Shulian Chinese university rankings">Wu Shulian</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_WS_N_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WS_N-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> Domestic</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 14</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/CUAA_Chinese_university_ranking" title="CUAA Chinese university ranking">CUAA</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_CUAA_N_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_CUAA_N-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> Alumni</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 15</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> National<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_QS_N_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_N-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> General</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 16</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_Asian_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="QS Asian University Rankings">QS</a></i> Asia<br /><a href="/wiki/QS_Asian_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="QS Asian University Rankings">(Asia version)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_QS_A_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_A-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> General</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 75</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_ARWU_W_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU_W-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> Research</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> 101–150</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_QS_W_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> General</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> =316</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:145px"><i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_University_Ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking">USNWR</a></i> World<sup id="cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_W_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="width:55px;font-size:smaller;"> General</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="text-align:right;"> =292</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shandong University was one of the <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a> universities in China to appear in the world's top 500 universities in the first global university ranking in 2003, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The joint <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education%E2%80%93QS_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings">THE-QS World University Rankings</a></i> 2005 ranked Shandong University =282nd in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the general university ranking performed by the Chinese University Alumni Association (CUAA), Shandong University ranked number 14 among Top 100 Chinese universities in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-cuaa2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuaa2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reached the 11th highest score in the "teaching" category of this ranking.<sup id="cite_ref-cuaa2010_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cuaa2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University's engineering programs have also been ranked number 15 nationwide by the Research Center of Management and Science in China (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-eval2008_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eval2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the last 10 years, Shandong University has been continuously ranked among the top 10 universities nationwide in terms of the number of publications included in the Science Citation Index.<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research at Shandong University is deemed particular strong in the areas of physics, mathematics, and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Mines_ParisTech_:_Professional_Ranking_World_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities">ranking by Mines ParisTech</a> based on the number of alumni holding CEO position in <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a> companies placed Shandong University first within China. </p><p>The 2023 <a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a> ranked Shandong University at 19th in the world based on their publications for the time period 2018–2021.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, it ranked 75th among the universities around the world by <i><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" title="SCImago Institutions Rankings">SCImago Institutions Rankings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University ranked 34th among the leading universities globally in the <i>Nature Index 2023 Annual Tables</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nature_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Research">Nature Research</a>, that measure the high-quality research published in 82 high-quality science journals.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">Academic Ranking of World Universities</a>, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed the university 101th-150th in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University ranked 191st worldwide and 18th nationwide in the <a href="/wiki/CWUR" class="mw-redirect" title="CWUR">CWUR</a> World University Ranking 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center; float:right; clear:right; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Latest Results of National Discipline Assessment by Ministry of Education of PRC<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Department </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Assessment </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mathematics </td> <td>A+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese Language and Literature </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marxist Theory </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Applied Economics </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Language and Literature </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Control Science and Engineering </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pharmacy </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Business Administration </td> <td>A− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philosophy </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theoretical Economics </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Law </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Political Science </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Archaeology </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese History </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physics </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemistry </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biology </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Statistics </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mechanical Engineering </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Material Science </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electrical Engineering </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Computer Science and Technology </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Civil Engineering </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Environmental Science and Engineering </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Software Engineering </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Basic Medicine </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clinical Medicine </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nursing </td> <td>B+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Information and Communication Engineering </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stomatology </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Health and Preventive Medicine </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Management Science and Engineering </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public Administration </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sociology </td> <td>B− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Journalism and Communication </td> <td>B− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ecology </td> <td>B− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Optical Engineering </td> <td>B− </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electronic Science and Technology </td> <td>B− </td></tr> <tr> <td>World History </td> <td>C+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chemical Engineering and Technology </td> <td>C+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biomedical Engineering </td> <td>C+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mechanics </td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr> <td>Water Conservancy Engineering </td> <td>C </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A controversy occurred in 2019 regarding the assignment of <a href="/wiki/Study_buddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Study buddy">study buddies</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_students" class="mw-redirect" title="International students">international students</a> at Shandong University.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg/220px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg/330px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg/440px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4005" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Historical building on the Baotuquan Campus</figcaption></figure> <p>At the top level, Shandong University is governed by a president (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xiàozhǎng</span></i>) and a cabinet of vice presidents (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%89%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:副">副</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Fù Xiàozhǎng</span></i>), each with a specific portfolio of responsibilities (e.g., research, international exchange). Central administrative departments (e.g., for finance, human resources, research, or international affairs) are led by a director (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:处">处</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chùzhǎng</span></i>). Below the central administration, the university is organized by subject area into 31 <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)" title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a> that are referred to as "Schools" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xuéyuàn</span></i>) as well as a graduate school. Each school is headed by a dean (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:长">长</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yuànzhǎng</span></i>) and may be divided further into departments headed by a chairperson. Academic programs are offered in 11 main disciplines: <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, economics, law, literature, history, natural sciences, engineering, management, medicine, education, and <a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">military science</a>. There are 104 undergraduate degree programs, 209 master's degree programs, and 127 <a href="/wiki/Doctoral_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctoral degree">doctoral degree</a> programs. In addition, there are seven professional master's degree programs in law, business management, engineering, clinical medicine, public health, dentistry, and public administration. </p><p>The student population is around 57,500 full-time students, of which 14,500 are postgraduate students, and over 1,000 are foreign students (data from 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-vigor_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major research efforts at Shandong University are organized in 34 national, provincial, and ministerial key academic disciplines, two national key research labs, 21 provincial and ministerial key research labs, a national engineering and technology promotion center, 10 provincial technology research centers, three national basic scientific research and personnel development bases; three social science key research bases approved by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Education</a>; and three national fundamental science personnel development bases. Among its faculty are 23 members (including adjuncts) of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a>. Three general hospitals, including Qilu Hospital, and 12 teaching hospitals are affiliated with the university. The <a href="/wiki/University_library" class="mw-redirect" title="University library">university library</a> houses a collection of over 3,550,000 items. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_and_departments">Schools and departments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Schools and departments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/220px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/330px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/440px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Central campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg/220px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg/330px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg/440px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>Autumn colors on the Baotuquan Campus</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>School of Business Administration</li> <li>School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</li> <li>School of Civil Engineering</li> <li>School of Computer Science and Technology</li> <li>School of Control Science and Engineering</li> <li>School of Dentistry</li> <li>School of Economics</li> <li>School of Electrical Engineering</li> <li>School of Energy and Power Engineering</li> <li>School of Environmental Science and Engineering</li> <li>School of Fine Arts</li> <li>School of Foreign Languages and Literature</li> <li>School of History and Culture</li> <li>School of Information Science and Engineering</li> <li>School of International Education</li> <li>School of Journalism</li> <li>School of Law</li> <li>School of Life Science</li> <li>School of Literature and Journalism</li> <li>School of Macroelectronics</li> <li>School of Marxist Theory Education</li> <li>School of Materials Science and Engineering</li> <li>School of Mathematics and System Sciences</li> <li>School of Mechanical Engineering</li> <li>School of Medicine</li> <li>School of Nursing</li> <li>School of Pharmacy</li> <li>School of Philosophy and Social Development</li> <li>School of Physical Education</li> <li>School of Physics</li> <li>School of Political Science and Public Administration</li> <li>School of Public Health</li> <li>Taishan College (honor school)</li> <li>Nishan College (honor school)</li> <li>General Study Program</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campuses">Campuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Campuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shandong University has a total of seven campuses. All but two of them are located in <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> Province. Together they cover an area of 3.8 km<sup>2</sup>. There are two campuses outside Jinan, one is located in Qingdao, and another is in Weihai. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin-left:1em;"> <caption>Current campuses of Shandong University </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Current name </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Old name </th> <th style="background:#880000;color:white;">Address and location </th></tr> <tr> <td>Central Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中">中</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:心">心</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngxīn Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>East New Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:新">新</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dōng Xīn Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_40_25_N_117_3_14_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°3′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.67361°N 117.05389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.67361; 117.05389</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hongjialou Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:洪">洪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:家">家</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:楼">楼</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hóngjiālóu Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>East Old Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%80%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:老">老</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Dōng Lǎo Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>5 Hongjialou, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_41_9_N_117_3_41_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°41′9″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°3′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.68583°N 117.06139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.68583; 117.06139</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baotuquan Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:趵">趵</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:突">突</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bàotūquán Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>West Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:西">西</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xī Xiàoqū</span></i>), formerly the campus of Cheeloo University </td> <td>44 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_39_11_N_117_0_43_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°39′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°0′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.65306°N 117.01194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.65306; 117.01194</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qianfoshan Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:千">千</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:佛">佛</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qiānfóshān Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>South Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nán Xiàoqū</span></i>), formerly the campus of the Shandong University of Technology </td> <td>17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_39_5_N_117_1_20_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°39′5″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°1′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.65139°N 117.02222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.65139; 117.02222</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Xinglongshan Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:兴">兴</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:隆">隆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīnglóngshān Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td>New South Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:新">新</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Nán Xīn Qū</span></i>) </td> <td>2550 Erhuan Donglu, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_35_55_N_117_2_38_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°35′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°2′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.59861°N 117.04389°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.59861; 117.04389</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ruanjianyuan Campus ((<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:软">软</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:件">件</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:园">园</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Ruǎnjiànyuán Xiàoqū)</span></i>) </td> <td>Qilu Software College Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:齐">齐</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:鲁">鲁</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:软">软</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:件">件</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qǐlǔ Ruǎnjiàn Xuéyuàn</span></i>) </td> <td>Shunhua Road, Jinan, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=36_40_0_N_117_7_57_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′0″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°7′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.66667°N 117.13250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.66667; 117.13250</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weihai Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:威">威</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:海">海</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wēihǎi Xiàoqū</span></i>) </td> <td> </td> <td>180 Wenhua Xilu, Weihai, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shandong_University&params=37_31_49_N_122_3_19_E_region:CN_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°31′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°3′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.53028°N 122.05528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.53028; 122.05528</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Qingdao Campus (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:青">青</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B2%9B" class="extiw" title="wikt:岛">岛</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:校">校</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:区">区</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngdǎo Xiàoqū</span></i>, satellite campus, first phase inaugurated September 2016, under construction) </td> <td> </td> <td>Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Campus">Central Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Central Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/220px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/330px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/440px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhixin_Building" title="Zhixin Building">Integrated Research Building</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:知">知</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:新">新</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:楼">楼</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhīxīn Lóu</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'know what is new building'), completed in 2010, seen from the southeast in March 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>Construction of the Central Campus commenced in 1959, about a year after the university had moved back from Qingdao to Jinan<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during a time that coincided with the Great Leap Forward, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>, as well as a devastating flood of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> (in July 1959). The Central Campus houses the central administration (in the Mingde Building, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:明">明</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:德">德</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:楼">楼</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Míngdé Lóu</span></i>), the main university library, a large dining hall, as well as student dormitories. The central campus is home to the schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Economics, History and Culture, Marxism–Leninism, Life Sciences, Mathematics and System Science, Literature and Journalism and Communication, as well as Information Science and Engineering. One of Shandong University's hotels (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:术">术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:交">交</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:流">流</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:中心">中心</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Dàxué Xuéshù Jiāoliú Zhōngxīn</span></i>, or for short: "Xueren Dasha", <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:人">人</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:厦">厦</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xuérén Dàshà</span></i>) is also located on the central campus. The roads within the Central Campus are named after concepts from Confucianism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hongjialou_Campus">Hongjialou Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hongjialou Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg/220px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg/330px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg/440px-%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%AA%E6%A8%93%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_(Jinan)" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral (Jinan)">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> on Hongjialou Square that borders immediately on the Hongjialou Campus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Hongjialou Campus derives its name from the Hongjialou Square and is located immediately to the north and east of the Square and the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_(Jinan)" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral (Jinan)">Sacred Heart Cathedral</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA" class="extiw" title="wikt:洪">洪</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:家">家</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:楼">楼</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:耶">耶</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A8%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:稣">稣</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:圣">圣</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BF%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:心">心</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:主">主</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:教">教</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:座">座</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:堂">堂</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hóngjiālóu Yēsū Shèngxīn Zhǔjiào Zuòtáng</span></i>). The first construction on the campus dates back to 1936 when it was used for the Jinan Yifan Girls' Middle School (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%87%BF" class="extiw" title="wikt:懿">懿</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:范">范</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:女">女</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:子">子</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中">中</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Yìfàn Nǚzǐ Zhōngxué</span></i>) that was operated by Franciscan sisters (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:艾">艾</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:修">修</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:女">女</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">ài xiū nǚ</span></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Jinan" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jinan">Archdiocese of Jinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sdinfobase_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdinfobase-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, the Yifan Girls' Middle School was combined with Liming Middle School (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:黎">黎</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:明">明</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中">中</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Límíng Zhōngxué</span></i>) and its former campus became part of the Shandong Agricultural Institute that used it until 1958, when the Institute moved to <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>. In October 1958, the Hongjialou Campus became Shandong University's first Campus after the university moved back to Jinan from Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-sduhist_7-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hongjialou Campus houses the Schools of Law, Foreign Languages and Literature as well as Fine Arts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baotuquan_Campus">Baotuquan Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Baotuquan Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cheeloo_University" title="Cheeloo University">Cheeloo University</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg/200px-Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg/300px-Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg/400px-Professorsopeningofalumnigatecheeloouniversity1924.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The newly-completed Alumni Gate in 1924 with graduates from Cheeloo University</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg/200px-Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg/300px-Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg/400px-Cheeloo_alumni_gate_jinan_2009_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Alumni Gate, which is now in Baotuquan Campus, in 2005</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Baotuquan Campus is the former campus of <a href="/wiki/Cheeloo_University" title="Cheeloo University">Cheeloo University</a> and was established in 1909. The design for the campus was made by <a href="/wiki/Dwight_H._Perkins_(architect)" title="Dwight H. Perkins (architect)">Perkins</a>, Fellows and Hamilton, an architectural firm from Chicago renowned for its school buildings in the "<a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a>" style. The American architects attempted to include Chinese architectural features into the design of the buildings on the new Cheeloo University campus in Jinan. They did, however, mistakenly assume that the roof shape was the only distinguishing feature of Chinese architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-cody1996_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cody1996-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the buildings feature Chinese-style roofs on buildings that lack the matching support elements such as wooden <a href="/wiki/Dougong" title="Dougong">Dougong</a> brackets that characterize Chinese architecture. Historical buildings on the Baotuquan Campus include the Bergen Science Hall (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:柏">柏</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:尔">尔</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:根">根</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:楼">楼</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bǎi'ěrgēn Lóu</span></i>, formerly for Chemistry and Biology), the Mateer Science Hall (formerly for Physics and Physiology), the McCormick Hall, and the Alumni Gate (the former main entrance, construction completed on June 17, 1924). Baotuquan Campus houses the schools of public health, nursing, dentistry, pharmacy, and medicine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qianfoshan_Campus">Qianfoshan Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Qianfoshan Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG/220px-Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG/330px-Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG/440px-Qianfoshan_Campus_of_Shandong_University_2010-03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Main building on the Qianfoshan Campus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Qianfoshan Campus was established in 1949 and served as the campus of Shandong University of Technology. It became a part of Shandong University when Shandong University of Technology was merged into Shandong University in July 2000. The campus has a total area of about 420,000 square meters and remains exclusively dedicated to engineering.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is home to the schools of Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, Control Science and Engineering, Energy and Power Engineering, Physical Education, as well as Civil Engineering. The roads on the Qianfoshan Campus are named after famous engineers and inventors from China as well as abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xinglongshan_Campus">Xinglongshan Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Xinglongshan Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg/220px-Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg/330px-Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg/440px-Sdu_xinglongshan_campus_2005_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Xinglongshan Campus in 2005</figcaption></figure> <p>The Xinglongshan Campus is the newest campus of Shandong University and also its largest campus in Jinan with an area of about 769,000 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-newsouthcampusoverview_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsouthcampusoverview-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the campus started in March 2003 and its first facilities were ready for use in August 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-sduvisitconstr_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduvisitconstr-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campus is used to house first- and second-year students of nine different departments. The Xinglongshan Campus also houses a Student Associations Activity Center with a total floor space of about 2000 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-sdualumnnews_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdualumnnews-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qilu_Software_College_Campus">Qilu Software College Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Qilu Software College Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%9B%AD%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Qilu Software College Campus in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The Qilu Software College Campus is home to the School of Computer Science and Technology as well as to the university's Software College.<sup id="cite_ref-swcollege_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swcollege-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Campus construction started in July 2001 and the campus now has a total area of about 267,000 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-swcollege_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swcollege-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 3,000 students live on the Qilu Software College Campus. The campus is located next to a cluster of commercial software ventures, such as the China International ICT Innovation Cluster (CIIIC) and shares educational resources with these businesses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weihai_Campus">Weihai Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Weihai Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg/220px-Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg/330px-Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg/440px-Sdu_weihei_campus_yang_yunlei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Shandong University Weihai Campus</figcaption></figure> <p>Shandong University Weihai Campus was established in 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-sduweihai_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduweihai-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its campus covers a total area of about 1 million square meters,<sup id="cite_ref-sduweihai_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduweihai-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the largest campus of Shandong University. Shandong University Weihai Campus is organized in 13 departments that include the College of Korean Studies, the Business School, the Law School, the School of Journalism and Communication, the Art Institute, the College of Ocean Science, the School of Information Engineering, the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Space Science and Physics, the Mathematics and Statistics Institute, the School of International Education, and the College of Vocational and Technical Training.<sup id="cite_ref-sduweihai_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduweihai-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the west of the Weihai campus lies the Shandong University Academic Center, a beach-front hotel and conference center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qingdao_Campus">Qingdao Campus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Qingdao Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg/220px-K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg/330px-K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg/440px-K1building_sw_2017_01_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>K1 Building on the Qingdao Campus in January 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>Construction of the Qingdao Campus started in March 2011 and the first development phase was inaugurated in September 2016. The campus is located north of Xingshi Zhuang Village (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:星">星</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:石">石</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:庄">庄</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:村">村</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Xīngshízhuāng Cūn</span></i>) in Aoshanwei Town (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B3%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:鳌">鳌</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:卫">卫</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%95%87" class="extiw" title="wikt:镇">镇</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Áoshānwèi Zhèn</span></i>) that is part of <a href="/wiki/Jimo,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo, Shandong">Jimo City</a> and located to the northeast of Qingdao. The campus site is immediately adjacent to the seashore of Aoshan Bay and the coastal highway (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BB%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:滨">滨</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:海">海</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:道">道</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Bīnhǎi dàdào</span></i>). The total planning area covers about two million square meters, 43 percent of which are included in the first construction phase. When completed, the Qingdao Campus will have a capacity of 30,000 students; recruitment of the first class of 5,000 freshman students is planned for the fall of 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shenzhendaily2010-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction cost is estimated at 800 million Chinese Yuan (about 124 million US Dollars). The architecture of the new campus is intended to blend Chinese and western elements. Many buildings will incorporate the red roofs and other building style elements of the German colonial architecture in Qingdao. The master plan for the campus was developed by Perkins Eastman (New York). One of the founders of Perkins Eastman, <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Perkins_(architect)" title="Bradford Perkins (architect)">Bradford Perkins</a> is the grandson of Dwight H. Perkins, whose firm (Perkins, Fellows, & Hamilton) designed the Cheeloo University campus in Jinan. The campus will be dedicated to advanced science and engineering research, with a special emphasis on interfacing with high-tech industry and international academic collaboration. It is part of a plan to give Shandong University a presence that is distributed throughout the province<sup id="cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shenzhendaily2010-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a manner that is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California system</a>, but retains a greater level of central control.<sup id="cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shenzhendaily2010-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:602px"><div style="position:relative;width:600px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shandong University is located in Shandong"><img alt="Shandong University is located in Shandong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg/600px-China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg/900px-China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg/1200px-China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.023%;left:28.049%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jinan Campus: Central Hongjialou Baotuquan Qianfoshan Xinglongshan Software College"><img alt="Jinan Campus: Central Hongjialou Baotuquan Qianfoshan Xinglongshan Software College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><b>Jinan Campus</b>:<small><br />Central<br />Hongjialou<br />Baotuquan<br />Qianfoshan<br />Xinglongshan<br />Software College</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.767%;left:72.927%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qingdao Campus"><img alt="Qingdao Campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b>Qingdao Campus</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.558%;left:89.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Weihai Campus"><img alt="Weihai Campus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b>Weihai Campus</b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.505%;left:34.037%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zhangqiu Campus under construction"><img alt="Zhangqiu Campus under construction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b>Zhangqiu Campus</b> <small>under construction</small></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.672%;left:68.701%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Old Qingdao Campus in the early 20th century"><img alt="Old Qingdao Campus in the early 20th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><b>Old Qingdao Campus</b> <br /><small>in the early 20th century</small></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Shandong_rel_location_map.svg" title="File:China Shandong rel location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Major Campuses of Shandong University</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Cooperation">International Cooperation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International Cooperation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg/220px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg/330px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg/440px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2436" data-file-height="2811" /></a><figcaption>Building on the Baotuquan Campus in winter.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shandong University has established an international network for educational cooperation and has signed exchange agreements with over 70 universities from over 50 countries. Shandong also is associated in a sister school for American Middle Schools and Junior Highs, including Scofield Magnet Middle School. Among its faculty are international researchers and scholars, who either visit for a short term (less than 1 month, 160 visitors in 2009), a medium term (less than half a year, 70 visitors in 2009), or for the long term (more than half a year, 80 visitors in 2009). Of the 80 long-term international faculty members, 30 language scholars teach languages such as <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, German, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. The others are active in disciplines such as <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Politics" class="mw-redirect" title="International Politics">international politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_classics" title="Chinese classics">Chinese classics</a> and traditional philosophy. </p><p>About 1500 international students from about 40 countries come to study at Shandong University each year. An international student population numbering more than 1000 can be found on campus at any given time during the semester. Most of these international students come from Asian and African countries, but there are also students from Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. Since 1980, Shandong University has received more than 10,000 students from over 60 countries. Popular study subjects are Chinese language and culture, but also economics and medicine. Furthermore, Shandong University participates in international short term exchange programs and receives approximately 2500 international student visitors for such programs per year. </p><p>In 2006, Shandong University created a joint urban research center with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a> in the United States, and a presence on each other's campus.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An International Laboratory operated in the a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech" title="Virginia Tech">Virginia Tech</a> was inaugurated in the Integrated Research Building on the Central Campus in August 2010. The laboratory focuses on a biophysics and engineering analysis of biological model systems drawn from China's biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-sdumedia2010_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdumedia2010-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University is a partner university of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Study_China_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Study China Programme (page does not exist)">Study China Programme</a>, which is coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a> and funded by the UK <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skills" title="Department for Business, Innovation and Skills">Department for Business, Innovation and Skills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_Centers">Research Centers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Research Centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_Key_Laboratories">State Key Laboratories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: State Key Laboratories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystalcenter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crystalcenter.jpg/220px-Crystalcenter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crystalcenter.jpg/330px-Crystalcenter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crystalcenter.jpg/440px-Crystalcenter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Building of the State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_physics_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sdu_physics_2006.jpg/220px-Sdu_physics_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sdu_physics_2006.jpg/330px-Sdu_physics_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sdu_physics_2006.jpg/440px-Sdu_physics_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Old building of the School of Physics on the Hongjialou Campus in 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg/220px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg/330px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg/440px-Sdu_baotuquan_campus_yang_yunlei_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Lawn and trees on the central quadrangle of the Baotuquan Campus</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Key_Laboratories" title="State Key Laboratories">State Key Laboratory</a> for Crystal Materials</li> <li>State Laboratory for Microbial Technology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Engineering_Laboratory">National Engineering Laboratory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: National Engineering Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>National Engineering Laboratory for the Reduction of Coal-fired Pollutants Emission</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Research_Center">National Research Center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: National Research Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>National Glycoengineering Research Center</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministry_of_Education_Key_Laboratories">Ministry of Education Key Laboratories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Ministry of Education Key Laboratories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry</li> <li>Key Laboratory for Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials</li> <li>Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology</li> <li>Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research</li> <li>Key Laboratory for Cryptologic Technology and Information Security</li> <li>Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ministry_of_Health_Key_Laboratories">Ministry of Health Key Laboratories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ministry of Health Key Laboratories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Key Laboratory for Otolaryngology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_Research_Base_of_the_Ministry_of_Education_in_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences">Key Research Base of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Key Research Base of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Center for <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">Zhouyi</a> and Ancient Chinese Philosophy</li> <li>Center for <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaic</a> and Inter-Religious Studies</li> <li>Institute for Literary Theory and Aesthetics</li> <li>Institute for Contemporary Socialism</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Research_Institutes">National Research Institutes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: National Research Institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Institute for Crystal Materials</li> <li>Institute for Microbiology</li> <li>Institute for Infrared and Remote Sensing Technology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_Centers_of_Shandong_Province">Research Centers of Shandong Province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Research Centers of Shandong Province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Research Center</li> <li>Laboratory for Risk Analysis and <a href="/wiki/Stochastic_calculus" title="Stochastic calculus">Random Calculus</a></li> <li>Institute for Religion, Science, and Social Studies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">Number Theory</a> at Shandong University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">High Energy Physics</a> Group</li> <li>Oriental Archaeology Research Center</li> <li>Center for Economic Research</li> <li>Center for Health Management & Policy</li> <li>Center for European Studies</li> <li>Center for Space Thermal Science</li> <li>Center for Japanese Studies</li> <li>Key Laboratory for <a href="/wiki/Otolaryngology" class="mw-redirect" title="Otolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a></li> <li>Modern <a href="/wiki/Logistics" title="Logistics">Logistics</a> Research Center</li> <li>Institute of ECIWO Biology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="University_hospitals">University hospitals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: University hospitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shandong_University_Qilu_Hospital">Shandong University Qilu Hospital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shandong University Qilu Hospital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg/220px-Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg/330px-Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg/440px-Cheeloo_Hospital_2009_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Republican_Building_(Jinan)" title="Republican Building (Jinan)">"Republican Building"</a> of Qilu Hospital was built in 1914 and inaugurated by military governor <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yunpeng" title="Jin Yunpeng">Jin Yunpeng</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/220px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/330px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg/440px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Present day Qilu Hospital inside the Baotuquan Campus</figcaption></figure> <p>Qilu Hospital was established as the hospital of Cheeloo University. Construction started in 1914 and was supervised by Harold Balme<sup id="cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1878–1953), a British physician from <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_Hospital" title="King's College Hospital">King's College Hospital</a> in London,<sup id="cite_ref-bmj1953_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj1953-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who would later serve as the third president of Cheeloo University (from 1921 until 1927).<sup id="cite_ref-bmj1953_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bmj1953-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first building of the new hospital (today known as the "<a href="/wiki/Republican_Building_(Jinan)" title="Republican Building (Jinan)">Republican Building</a>") was inaugurated on September 27, 1915, by the military governor of Shandong, <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yunpeng" title="Jin Yunpeng">Jin Yunpeng</a>. About 20 years later, the hospital moved to a new building (completed in 1936) and the old building was used by Cheeloo University's School of Medicine. Today, the Shandong University Qilu Hospital as a total capacity of 1,800 beds<sup id="cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qiluhosp-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and treats more than 1.9 million outpatient treatments per year.<sup id="cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qiluhosp-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has departments include cardiology, internal medicine, hematology, gynecology and obstetrics, otolaryngology, general surgery, neurosurgery, and pediatrics.<sup id="cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qiluhosp-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital is located at Wenhua West Road 107 in Jinan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Hospital_of_Shandong_University">Second Hospital of Shandong University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Second Hospital of Shandong University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Second Hospital of Shandong University has a capacity of about 2431 beds and has departments for neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and internal medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-2ndhosp_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ndhosp-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital is managed by the National Medical Department and affiliated with Shandong University,<sup id="cite_ref-2ndhosp_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ndhosp-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is located at Beiyuan Street 247 in Jinan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stomatology_Hospital_of_Shandong_University">Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University was founded in 1977. It has 105 employees and is organized into four research centers and two laboratories.<sup id="cite_ref-stomhosp_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stomhosp-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located at Wenhua West Road 44 in Jinan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity">Identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motto_and_Slogan">Motto and Slogan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Motto and Slogan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">The Origin of Letterings of Shandong University</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gao_heng_scholar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gao_heng_scholar.jpg/114px-Gao_heng_scholar.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gao_heng_scholar.jpg/171px-Gao_heng_scholar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gao_heng_scholar.jpg/228px-Gao_heng_scholar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Professor <a href="/wiki/Gao_Heng_(philologist)" title="Gao Heng (philologist)">Gao Heng</a>, a philologist and palaeographer from Shandong University</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_train_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mao_train_1961.jpg/170px-Mao_train_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mao_train_1961.jpg/255px-Mao_train_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mao_train_1961.jpg/340px-Mao_train_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mao Zedong corresponded with Shandong University Professor Gao Heng in the time period preceding the Cultural Revolution</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg/220px-Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg/330px-Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg/440px-Mao_to_gaoheng_letter_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>The official lettering of Shandong University has been taken from the handwritten address of this letter from Mao Zedong to <a href="/wiki/Gao_Heng_(philologist)" title="Gao Heng (philologist)">Gao Heng</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The official university motto is "Noble in Spirit, Boundless in Knowledge"<sup id="cite_ref-mottoen_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mottoen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:无">无</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:止">止</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A2%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:境">境</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:气"> 气</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:有">有</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:浩">浩</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%84%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:然">然</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:學">學</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:無">無</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:止">止</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A2%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:境">境</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:氣"> 氣</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:有">有</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:浩">浩</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%84%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:然">然</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">xué wú zhǐ jìng, qì yǒu hào rán</span></i>);<sup id="cite_ref-mottocn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mottocn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was adopted in <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">May 2002.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The university also uses the branding slogan "Soul of the mountains, spirit of the sea" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:之">之</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AD%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:魂">魂</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:海">海</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:之">之</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B5" class="extiw" title="wikt:韵">韵</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shān zhī hún, hǎi zhī yùn</span></i>) in reference to Shandong's geographical nature as a mountainous peninsula.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At the main entrance gate (south gate) to the university's Central Campus, an inscription defines the mission of the university as "Preparing talents for the world; Striving for the prosperity and strength of the country"<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:为">为</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:天">天</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:下">下</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%82%A8" class="extiw" title="wikt:储">储</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:人">人</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%89%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:才">才</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:为">为</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:国">国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:家">家</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%82%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:育">育</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%BE" class="extiw" title="wikt:精">精</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:英">英</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Wèi tiān xià chǔ rén cái wèi guó jiā yù jīng yīng</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official lettering is a reproduction of calligraphy written by <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>. In March 1964, during the period between the <a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a> and the Cultural Revolution, Mao wrote the characters in the address of a thank-you note to <a href="/wiki/Gao_Heng_(Scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gao Heng (Scholar)">Gao Heng</a>, a professor at Shandong University who had sent him literature.<sup id="cite_ref-gaomao_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaomao-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anthem">Anthem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Anthem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official anthem of Shandong University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山东大学校歌</span></span>) was written by lyricist Cheng Fangwu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">成仿吾</span></span>), modified by a group of people, and composer Zheng Lvcheng (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">郑律成</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-sduanthem_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sduanthem-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lyrics of the official anthem are: </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">东临黄海，南望泰山，这里是我们追求真理的乐园。天行健，君子以自强不息；薪火传，学子要与前贤比肩。为天下储人才，放眼五洲；为国家图富强，求索万年。志向远大，气养浩然；脚踏实地，不畏登攀。奋斗啊，奋斗啊，为了中华民族崛起；奋斗啊，奋斗啊，为了人类美好明天。我们是崇实与求新的朝气勃发的青年！</div></blockquote> <p>The song of Shandong University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山东大学之歌</span></span>) was written by lyricist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qiao_Yu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qiao Yu (page does not exist)">Qiao Yu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">乔羽</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-sdusong_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdusong-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who also wrote the lyrics for <a href="/wiki/My_Motherland" title="My Motherland">My Motherland</a>, and composer <a href="/wiki/Gu_Jianfen" title="Gu Jianfen">Gu Jianfen</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">谷建芬</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-sdusong_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdusong-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both natives of Shandong Province. The lyrics of the anthem are:<sup id="cite_ref-sdusong_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdusong-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;"> <p>我们向往大海, Wǒmen xiàngwǎng dà hǎi, </p><p>只有大海能纳百川。 Zhǐyǒu dà hǎi néng nà bǎi chuān. </p><p>我们敬仰高山, Wǒmen jìngyǎng gāo shān </p><p>登高望远才知地阔天宽。 Dēnggāo wàng yuǎn cái zhī dì kuò tiān kuān. </p><p>勇于探索，不畏登攀。 Yǒngyú tànsuǒ, bù wèi dēngpān. </p><p>淡泊的襟怀，炽热的情感， Dànbó de jīnhuái, chìrè de qínggǎn, </p><p>让文明之花嫣红开遍。 Ràng wénmíng zhī huā yānhóng kāi biàn. </p><p>同学少年，青春结伴。 Tóngxué shàonián, qīngchūn jiébàn. </p><p>知识无涯，生命无限！ Zhīshì wú yá, shēngmìng wúxiàn! </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo">Logo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Logo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdulogo_lettering.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png/181px-Sdulogo_lettering.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7a/Sdulogo_lettering.png 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption>The logo of SDU</figcaption></figure> <p>The core of the pattern is based on the Chinese characters "山" (meaning Mountain, and also the abbreviation of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>) and "大" (meaning University) as the basic design elements, and is transformed using modern deformation techniques, making it easy to identify. The logo is simple and bright, easy to produce and disseminate. The school emblem combines straight and curved lines, and is both rigid and flexible, stable and dynamic. It is upward-developing, full of vitality and vigor, full of modernity and rhythm, and has a strong visual impact and rich imagination. </p><p>The entire pattern is symmetrical, stable, and balanced, full of the style of a great university and a famous school. The "山" character at the top of the pattern is a deformation of the Chinese pictographic character "山", which is full of Chinese cultural characteristics. The deformation of the "山" character has an upward trend, implying that Shandong University is constantly developing and striving to create a world-class university. The bottom is a deformation of the "大" character, which looks like a vast ocean, implying that the sea of knowledge is endless. The integration of "山" and "海" easily reminds people of "there is a path to the mountain of books, and diligence is the path; there is no end to the sea of knowledge, and hard work is the boat" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">书山有路勤为径, 学海无涯苦作舟</span>), which shows the spirit of Shandong University teachers and students who are diligent in seeking knowledge and bravely climbing the peak of science. At the same time, it emphasizes the university culture of "soul of the mountains, spirit of the sea" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">山之魂, 海之韵</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_university_presidents">List of university presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: List of university presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tang_Shaoyi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tang_Shaoyi.jpg/150px-Tang_Shaoyi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tang_Shaoyi.jpg/225px-Tang_Shaoyi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Tang_Shaoyi.jpg/300px-Tang_Shaoyi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a>, a graduate from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, was the first president of Shandong University (then Shandong College). He was a key figure in <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">overthrowing the Qing Dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">establishing democracy in China</a>, and later served as the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of China">Prime Minister of the Republic of China</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a>, 1901</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xuexi" title="Zhou Xuexi">Zhou Xuexi</a>, 1901, later became 2-term Finance Minister of the Republic of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shoupeng" title="Wang Shoupeng">Wang Shoupeng</a>, president of Provincial Shandong University in Jinan, 1926–1927</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Zhensheng" title="Yang Zhensheng">Yang Zhensheng</a>, president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1930–1932</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Taimou" title="Zhao Taimou">Zhao Taimou</a>, president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1932–1936 and 1946–1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Jiqing" title="Lin Jiqing">Lin Jiqing</a>, (acting) president of National Shandong University in Qingdao, 1936–1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Gang" title="Hua Gang">Hua Gang</a>, president of Shandong University (Qingdao), 1951–1955</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao_Zhefu" title="Chao Zhefu">Chao Zhefu</a>, president of Shandong University (Qingdao), 1956–1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Fangwu" title="Cheng Fangwu">Cheng Fangwu</a>, president of Shandong University (Jinan), 1958–1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Fuheng" title="Wu Fuheng">Wu Fuheng</a>, 1979–1984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Conghao" title="Deng Conghao">Deng Conghao</a>, 1984–1986</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Chengdong" title="Pan Chengdong">Pan Chengdong</a>, 1986–1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Fanren" title="Zeng Fanren">Zeng Fanren</a>, 1998–2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Tao" title="Zhan Tao">Zhan Tao</a>, 2000–2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Xianming" title="Xu Xianming">Xu Xianming</a>, 2008–2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Rong_(physicist)" title="Zhang Rong (physicist)">Zhang Rong</a>, 2013–2017</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fan_Liming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fan Liming (page does not exist)">Fan Liming</a>, 2017–2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shucai" title="Li Shucai">Li Shucai</a>, 2022-present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_faculty_and_alumni">Notable faculty and alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notable faculty and alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_She" title="Lao She">Lao She</a> (1899–1966), writer, author of the novel "Rickshaw Boy" and the play "Teahouse"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Yuanjun" title="Feng Yuanjun">Feng Yuanjun</a> (1900–1974), writer and scholar of Chinese classical literature and literary history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Heng_(Scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gao Heng (Scholar)">Gao Heng</a> (1900–1986), pioneer in the modern interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a>, corresponded with <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Xianlin" title="Ji Xianlin">Ji Xianlin</a> (1911–2009), linguist, paleographer, historian, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_Jin" title="Ha Jin">Jīn Xuěfēi</a> (1956-, pen name Ha Jin), writer, publishes in English, winner of the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">American National Book Award</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Veneris" title="James Veneris">James Veneris</a> (1922-2004), American soldier in the Korean War who defected, English professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congjun" title="Li Congjun">Li Congjun</a> (1949– ), president of <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> (since 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Shiqiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Liang Shiqiu">Liang Shiqiu</a> (1903–1987), writer and translator, translated the complete works of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Animal_Farm" title="Animal Farm">Animal Farm</a> into Chinese</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_H._Liu" title="Lydia H. Liu">Lydia H. Liu</a>, comparative literature scholar, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, 1997 <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Fellowship" title="Guggenheim Fellowship">Guggenheim Fellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Kanru" title="Lu Kanru">Lu Kanru</a> (1903–1978), scholar of classical Chinese literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ronghuan" title="Luo Ronghuan">Luo Ronghuan</a> (1902–1963), Marshall of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>, served as security chief during the <a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Ruifang" title="Ma Ruifang">Ma Ruifang</a> (1949– ), author and scholar, studied works of <a href="/wiki/Pu_Songling" title="Pu Songling">Pu Songling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a> (1955– ), novelist and author of short stories, winner of <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peng_Shige" title="Peng Shige">Peng Shige</a> (1947– ), <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> contributed to <a href="/wiki/Stochastic_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Stochastic analysis">stochastic analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_finance" title="Mathematical finance">mathematical finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Congwen" title="Shen Congwen">Shen Congwen</a> (1902–1988), writer combining vernacular and classical Chinese writing techniques</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_Dizhou" title="Tong Dizhou">Tong Dizhou</a> (1902–1979), <a href="/wiki/Embryologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryologist">embryologist</a> and vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Academy of Science">Chinese Academy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ganchang" title="Wang Ganchang">Wang Ganchang</a> (1907–1998), nuclear physicist (student of <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a>) and one of the principal contributors to the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction">Chinese nuclear deterrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Pu_(physicist)" title="Wang Pu (physicist)">Wang Pu</a> (1902–1969), nuclear physicist (also a student of Lise Meitner) and founder of Shandong University's School of Physics</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Tongzhao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Tongzhao (page does not exist)">Wang Tongzhao</a> (王统照, 1897–1957), novelist and poet, author of the novel "Mountain Rain" and head of Shandong University's Chinese Department<sup id="cite_ref-McDougall1999_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDougall1999-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaoyun" title="Wang Xiaoyun">Wang Xiaoyun</a> (1966– ), mathematician, demonstrated collision attacks against commonly used <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hash functions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Yiduo" title="Wen Yiduo">Wen Yiduo</a> (1899–1946), poet and scholar, author of poetry influenced by Western models, wrote poetry collections Hongzhu (紅燭, "Red Candle") and Sishui (死水, "Dead Water")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Aiying" title="Wu Aiying">Wu Aiying</a> (1951– ), <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China">Minister of Justice of China</a> (since 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Huaicheng" title="Xiang Huaicheng">Xiang Huaicheng</a> (1939– ), economist and former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China">Minister of Finance of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_Kejia" title="Zang Kejia">Zang Kejia</a> (1905–2004), poet, chief editor of Poetry magazine, co-edited the "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dongju" title="Zhang Dongju">Zhang Dongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Xiao" title="Zhao Xiao">Zhao Xiao</a> (1967– ), economist, argued that China's economy would benefit from the spread of Christianity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Ming-Zhen" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Ming-Zhen">Zhou Ming-Zhen</a> (1918–1996), paleontologist, worked on early tertiary mammals</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wang Ganchang was a PhD student of Lise Meitner (co-discoverer of nuclear fission) at the Humboldt University of Berlin and became one of the fathers of China's atomic bomb"><img alt="Wang Ganchang was a PhD student of Lise Meitner (co-discoverer of nuclear fission) at the Humboldt University of Berlin and became one of the fathers of China's atomic bomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg/81px-Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg/121px-Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg/162px-Wang_Ganchang_early_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="445" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ganchang" title="Wang Ganchang">Wang Ganchang</a> was a PhD student of <a href="/wiki/Lise_Meitner" title="Lise Meitner">Lise Meitner</a> (co-discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission" title="Nuclear fission">nuclear fission</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University_of_Berlin" title="Humboldt University of Berlin">Humboldt University of Berlin</a> and became one of the fathers of China's atomic bomb</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wen_Yiduo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wen Yiduo, studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, became a poet, and was assassinated by Kuomintang agents"><img alt="Wen Yiduo, studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, became a poet, and was assassinated by Kuomintang agents" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wen_Yiduo.jpg/90px-Wen_Yiduo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wen_Yiduo.jpg/135px-Wen_Yiduo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Wen_Yiduo.jpg/180px-Wen_Yiduo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wen_Yiduo" title="Wen Yiduo">Wen Yiduo</a>, studied at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, became a poet, and was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> agents</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ji Xianlin, a famous Chinese Indologist, linguist, paleographer, historian and writer who has been honored by the governments of both India and China"><img alt="Ji Xianlin, a famous Chinese Indologist, linguist, paleographer, historian and writer who has been honored by the governments of both India and China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg/91px-Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg/137px-Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg/183px-Ji_Xianlin_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="524" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ji_Xianlin" title="Ji Xianlin">Ji Xianlin</a>, a famous Chinese <a href="/wiki/Indologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Indologist">Indologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">paleographer</a>, historian and writer who has been honored by the governments of both India and China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luo_Ronghuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luo Ronghuan, who served as a Vice Chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress"><img alt="Luo Ronghuan, who served as a Vice Chair of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luo_Ronghuan.jpg/95px-Luo_Ronghuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luo_Ronghuan.jpg/143px-Luo_Ronghuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Luo_Ronghuan.jpg/190px-Luo_Ronghuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Luo_Ronghuan" title="Luo Ronghuan">Luo Ronghuan</a>, who served as a <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairperson_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress">Vice Chair</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mo Yan, who became the first Chinese laureate of Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012"><img alt="Mo Yan, who became the first Chinese laureate of Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg/97px-MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg/146px-MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg/194px-MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="2244" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a>, who became the first Chinese laureate of <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ma Jiantang, who studied economics in Shandong University as an undergraduate, now is the party branch secretary of Development Research Center of the State Council"><img alt="Ma Jiantang, who studied economics in Shandong University as an undergraduate, now is the party branch secretary of Development Research Center of the State Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg/120px-Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg/180px-Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg/240px-Ma_Jiantang_-_Annual_Meeting_of_the_New_Champions_Tianjin_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jiantang" title="Ma Jiantang">Ma Jiantang</a>, who studied economics in Shandong University as an undergraduate, now is the party branch secretary of <a href="/wiki/Development_Research_Center_of_the_State_Council" title="Development Research Center of the State Council">Development Research Center of the State Council</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other academic institutions in Jinan (not part of Shandong University): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jinan" title="University of Jinan">University of Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:济">济</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jǐnán Dàxué</span></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%88" class="extiw" title="wikt:师">师</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:范">范</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Shīfàn Dàxué</span></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Jianzhu_University" title="Shandong Jianzhu University">Shandong Jianzhu University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:建">建</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AD%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:筑">筑</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Jiànzhù Dàxué</span></i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdjtu.edu.cn">Shandong Jiaotong University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329211149/http://www.sdjtu.edu.cn/">Archived</a> 2014-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4" class="extiw" title="wikt:交">交</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:通">通</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Jiāotōng Xuéyuàn</span></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shandong University of Finance and Economics">Shandong University of Finance and Economics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B4%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:财">财</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:经">经</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Cáijīng Dàxué</span></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中">中</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:医">医</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8D%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:药">药</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:大">大</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Zhōngyīyào Dàxué</span></i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205005055/http://www.sdca.edu.cn/new/xxgkenglish.htm">Shandong University of Arts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:山">山</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:东">东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%89%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:艺">艺</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:术">术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:学">学</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:院">院</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shāndōng Yìshù Xuéyuàn</span></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mottocn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mottocn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mottocn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114848/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/xx.html">"Motto of Shandong University (山东大学校训)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/xx.html">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motto+of+Shandong+University+%28%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E8%AE%AD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Fxx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mottoen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mottoen_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mottoen_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122223435/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/bzxt.html">"SDU Holds Launching Ceremony of 2013 Overseas Study Programs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/bzxt.html">the original</a> on November 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDU+Holds+Launching+Ceremony+of+2013+Overseas+Study+Programs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Fbzxt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vigor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vigor_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bkzs.sdu.edu.cn/website/getNewsDetail.do?newsId=199">"A Century-Old University Overflowing with Vigor"</a> (in Chinese). Shandong University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Century-Old+University+Overflowing+with+Vigor&rft.pub=Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bkzs.sdu.edu.cn%2Fwebsite%2FgetNewsDetail.do%3FnewsId%3D199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hallowedhalls1998-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hallowedhalls1998_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.yale.edu/div/colleges/descriptions.htm#shantung">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Shantung Christian University" - from: "Hallowed halls: Protestant colleges in old China" by Tess Johnston, Deke Erh, Martha Smalley, and Tung-Chung Yee, Old China Hand Press, Hong Kong, 1998"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Shantung+Christian+University%22+-+from%3A+%22Hallowed+halls%3A+Protestant+colleges+in+old+China%22+by+Tess+Johnston%2C+Deke+Erh%2C+Martha+Smalley%2C+and+Tung-Chung+Yee%2C+Old+China+Hand+Press%2C+Hong+Kong%2C+1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.yale.edu%2Fdiv%2Fcolleges%2Fdescriptions.htm%23shantung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sdu.edu.cn/sdgk/lsyg.htm#:~:text=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%98%AF%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B7%E6%9C%89,%E5%A4%9A%E6%89%80%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1%E3%80%82">"山东大学历史沿革"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2Fsdgk%2Flsyg.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3D%25E5%25B1%25B1%25E4%25B8%259C%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%25AD%25A6%25E6%2598%25AF%25E6%2588%2591%25E5%259B%25BD%25E5%2585%25B7%25E6%259C%2589%2C%25E5%25A4%259A%25E6%2589%2580%25E9%25AB%2598%25E7%25AD%2589%25E9%2599%25A2%25E6%25A0%25A1%25E3%2580%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The first one is <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> in the capital city <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sduhist-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduhist_7-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090413101215/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2005/second/xxgk01.html">"History"</a> (in Chinese). Shandong University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2005/second/xxgk01.html">the original</a> on April 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2005%2Fsecond%2Fxxgk01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbell2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-campbell2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/editorial.php?issue=020">"Duncan Campbell (guest editor): The Heritage of Books, Collecting and Libraries, China Heritage Quarterly, No. 20, December 2009"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Duncan+Campbell+%28guest+editor%29%3A+The+Heritage+of+Books%2C+Collecting+and+Libraries%2C+China+Heritage+Quarterly%2C+No.+20%2C+December+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaheritagequarterly.org%2Feditorial.php%3Fissue%3D020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-luoyuanhudong-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-luoyuanhudong_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E6%B3%BA%E6%BA%90%E4%B9%A6%E9%99%A2">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Luoyuan Academy" - Online Article at Hudong.com (in Chinese)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Luoyuan+Academy%22+-+Online+Article+at+Hudong.com+%28in+Chinese%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hudong.com%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B3%25BA%25E6%25BA%2590%25E4%25B9%25A6%25E9%2599%25A2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usdospapers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usdospapers_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LI0LAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA286"><i>United States. Dept. of State (1881): "Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States"</i></a>. 1882.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States.+Dept.+of+State+%281881%29%3A+%22Papers+relating+to+the+foreign+relations+of+the+United+States%22&rft.date=1882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLI0LAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rmmateer1912-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rmmateer1912_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924023221355">Robert McCheyne Mateer: Character-building in China: the life-story of Julia Brown Mateer, Fleming H. Revell Company, 1912</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fisher1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fisher1911_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel W. Fisher: Calvin Wilson Mateer, Forty-Five Years a Missionary in Shantung, China, A Biography, The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1911</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lutz1971-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lutz1971_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lutz1971_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lutz1971_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lutz1971_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lutz1971_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutz1971" class="citation book cs1">Lutz, Jessie Gregory (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinachristianco00lutz"><i>China and the Christian Colleges 1850-1950</i></a></span>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801406263" title="Special:BookSources/9780801406263"><bdi>9780801406263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+the+Christian+Colleges+1850-1950&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press%2C+Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780801406263&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Jessie+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinachristianco00lutz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hu2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hu2009_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danian Hu: China and Albert Einstein: The Reception of the Physicist and His Theory in China, 1917–1979, Harvard University Press, June 30, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haas1996-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haas1996_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-haas1996_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G35H9rBkb5sC&pg=PA227">William Joseph Haas (1996): "China voyager: Gist Gee's life in Science", M.E. Sharpe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett1955" class="citation book cs1">Corbett, Charles Hodge (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001453296"><i>Shantung Christian University (Cheeloo)</i></a>. New York: United Board for Christian Colleges in China.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shantung+Christian+University+%28Cheeloo%29.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=United+Board+for+Christian+Colleges+in+China&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Corbett&rft.aufirst=Charles+Hodge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001453296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rickshawboy-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rickshawboy_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShe1983" class="citation book cs1">She, Lao (February 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j6A0Y-wiNv8C&pg=PR7"><i>Lao She, "Rickshaw: The Novel Lo-t'o Hsiang Tzu", University of Hawaii Press, 1979, Translator's Introduction</i></a>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824806552" title="Special:BookSources/9780824806552"><bdi>9780824806552</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lao+She%2C+%22Rickshaw%3A+The+Novel+Lo-t%27o+Hsiang+Tzu%22%2C+University+of+Hawaii+Press%2C+1979%2C+Translator%27s+Introduction&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1983-02&rft.isbn=9780824806552&rft.aulast=She&rft.aufirst=Lao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj6A0Y-wiNv8C%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhao1996-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhao1996_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao1996" class="citation book cs1">Zhao, Suisheng (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IC2Ap3tneVoC&pg=PA22"><i>Power by design: constitution-making in Nationalist China</i></a>. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824817213" title="Special:BookSources/9780824817213"><bdi>9780824817213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Power+by+design%3A+constitution-making+in+Nationalist+China&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press%2C+Honolulu&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780824817213&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Suisheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIC2Ap3tneVoC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xiang-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Xiang_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiang2002" class="citation book cs1">Xiang, Lanxin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAxresT12ogC&pg=117"><i>The origins of the Boxer War: a multinational study</i></a>. Routledge, London. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700715633" title="Special:BookSources/9780700715633"><bdi>9780700715633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+the+Boxer+War%3A+a+multinational+study&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+London&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780700715633&rft.aulast=Xiang&rft.aufirst=Lanxin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlAxresT12ogC%26pg%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heeren1940-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heeren1940_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeeren1940" class="citation book cs1">Heeren, John J. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3zYsAAAAIAAJ"><i>On the Shantung Front, The board of foreign Mission of the presbyterian church in the United States of America</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Shantung+Front%2C+The+board+of+foreign+Mission+of+the+presbyterian+church+in+the+United+States+of+America&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Heeren&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3zYsAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pkunews2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pkunews2008_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCao2008" class="citation web cs1">Cao, Yixing (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006182009/http://english.pku.edu.cn/News_Events/News/Campus/8177.htm">"W. A. P. Martin: Inaugural president of the Imperial University of Peking"</a>. PKU News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pku.edu.cn/News_Events/News/Campus/8177.htm">the original</a> on October 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W.+A.+P.+Martin%3A+Inaugural+president+of+the+Imperial+University+of+Peking&rft.pub=PKU+News&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Yixing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pku.edu.cn%2FNews_Events%2FNews%2FCampus%2F8177.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1stuniv-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1stuniv_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weihsien-paintings.org/Mprevite/EbaoMonthly/CalvinMateer.htm">Qu Zheng-Min, "China's first university"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heyden2005-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-heyden2005_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N7JfoaVbMGgC&pg=PA315">Ulrich van der Heyden (Editor), Holger Stoecker (Editor) 2005: "Mission und Macht im Wandel politischer Orientierungen", Franz Steiner Verlag</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1907" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Arthur Judson (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3HSBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA340"><i>New forces in old China: an inevitable awakening</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Missionary_Movement" title="Young People's Missionary Movement">Young People's Missionary Movement</a>, New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+forces+in+old+China%3A+an+inevitable+awakening&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Young+People%27s+Missionary+Movement%2C+New+York&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Judson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3HSBAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editorial Committee (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Shandong-University-Century-BEN-BIAN/dp/7560723438/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1441814358&sr=1-3-fkmr0&keywords=100+years+of+shandong+university"><i>Shandong University: A Century: 1901-2001</i></a> (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">山东大学百年史</span>). Shandong University Press, Jinan, p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7560723438" title="Special:BookSources/7560723438">7560723438</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Former_Presidents-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Former_Presidents_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140211212851/http://www.en.sdu.edu.cn/list/aboutsdu/formerpresidents/">"Former Presidents"</a>. Shandong University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.sdu.edu.cn/list/aboutsdu/formerpresidents/">the original</a> on February 11, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Presidents&rft.pub=Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.sdu.edu.cn%2Flist%2Faboutsdu%2Fformerpresidents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steinmetz2007-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steinmetz2007_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinmetz2007" class="citation book cs1">Steinmetz, George (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=61EzhdwccWkC&pg=PA485"><i>The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa (Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning)</i></a>. University Of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226772448" title="Special:BookSources/9780226772448"><bdi>9780226772448</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Devil%27s+Handwriting%3A+Precoloniality+and+the+German+Colonial+State+in+Qingdao%2C+Samoa%2C+and+Southwest+Africa+%28Chicago+Studies+in+Practices+of+Meaning%29&rft.pub=University+Of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780226772448&rft.aulast=Steinmetz&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D61EzhdwccWkC%26pg%3DPA485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steen2006-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-steen2006_28-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteen2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Steen, Andreas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4U2p6WECJiUC"><i>Deutsch-chinesische Beziehungen 1911-1927</i></a> (in German). Akademie Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515085700" title="Special:BookSources/9783515085700"><bdi>9783515085700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsch-chinesische+Beziehungen+1911-1927&rft.pub=Akademie+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9783515085700&rft.aulast=Steen&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4U2p6WECJiUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kim2004-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kim2004_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Chun-Shik (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4U2p6WECJiUC"><i>Deutscher Kulturimperialismus in China: Deutsches Kolonialschulwesen in Kiautschou (China) 1898-1914</i></a> (in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783515085700" title="Special:BookSources/9783515085700"><bdi>9783515085700</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutscher+Kulturimperialismus+in+China%3A+Deutsches+Kolonialschulwesen+in+Kiautschou+%28China%29+1898-1914&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9783515085700&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Chun-Shik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4U2p6WECJiUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner2009" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Harold Miles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VIWC9wCX2c8C&pg=PA430"><i>China: A History</i></a>. Hackett Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0872209152" title="Special:BookSources/978-0872209152"><bdi>978-0872209152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Hackett+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0872209152&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Harold+Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIWC9wCX2c8C%26pg%3DPA430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-basestwlord-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-basestwlord_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125032834/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,722931,00.html">"CHINA: Basest War Lord"</a>. <i>Time Magazine</i>. March 7, 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,722931,00.html">the original</a> on November 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=CHINA%3A+Basest+War+Lord&rft.date=1927-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C722931%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xbli1998-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xbli1998_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xbli1998_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiLi1998" class="citation book cs1">Li, Xiaobing; Li, Hongshan (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Re8pJnCXvWoC"><i>China and the United States: A New Cold War History</i></a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761809784" title="Special:BookSources/9780761809784"><bdi>9780761809784</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+the+United+States%3A+A+New+Cold+War+History&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780761809784&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaobing&rft.au=Li%2C+Hongshan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRe8pJnCXvWoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cxgwei2002-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cxgwei2002_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiLiu2002" class="citation book cs1">Wei, C. X. George; Liu, Xiaoyuan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qz3vdkxBt4AC"><i>Exploring Nationalisms of China: Themes and Conflicts</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313315121" title="Special:BookSources/9780313315121"><bdi>9780313315121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+Nationalisms+of+China%3A+Themes+and+Conflicts&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780313315121&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=C.+X.+George&rft.au=Liu%2C+Xiaoyuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqz3vdkxBt4AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010190939/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/lsyg.html">"山大历史沿革"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/lsyg.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Flsyg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010190939/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/lsyg.html">"山大历史沿革"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/lsyg.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Flsyg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov1966up-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gov1966up_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109171700/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8758.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1966 (1st half)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8758.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1966+%281st+half%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8758.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-provrec1970-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-provrec1970_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-provrec1970_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-provrec1970_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109183817/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8764.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1970"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8764.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8764.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-provrec1974-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-provrec1974_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214125120/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8768.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1974"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8768.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8768.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120071431/https://shanghai.ist/2019/07/15/shandong-university-apologizes-for-pairing-male-foreigners-with-multiple-female-chinese-buddies/">"Shandong University apologizes for pairing male foreigners with multiple female Chinese "buddies"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Shanghaiist</i>. July 15, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shanghai.ist/2019/07/15/shandong-university-apologizes-for-pairing-male-foreigners-with-multiple-female-chinese-buddies/">the original</a> on January 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shanghaiist&rft.atitle=Shandong+University+apologizes+for+pairing+male+foreigners+with+multiple+female+Chinese+%22buddies%22&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshanghai.ist%2F2019%2F07%2F15%2Fshandong-university-apologizes-for-pairing-male-foreigners-with-multiple-female-chinese-buddies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/12/WS5d28484ca3105895c2e7d2f4.html">"Shandong University 'buddy' policy clarified"</a>. <i>www.chinadaily.com.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522223624/https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/12/WS5d28484ca3105895c2e7d2f4.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinadaily.com.cn&rft.atitle=Shandong+University+%27buddy%27+policy+clarified&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F201907%2F12%2FWS5d28484ca3105895c2e7d2f4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_BCUR_N-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_BCUR_N_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2024">"2024 Best Chinese Universities Ranking"</a>. Shanghai Ranking. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024+Best+Chinese+Universities+Ranking&rft.pub=Shanghai+Ranking&rft.date=2024&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Fbcur%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_WS_N-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_WS_N_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wurank.net/ChineseRankingList.html?table=chineseunidata">"Wu Shulian University Ranking"</a>. Chinese Academy of Management Science. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wu+Shulian+University+Ranking&rft.pub=Chinese+Academy+of+Management+Science&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wurank.net%2FChineseRankingList.html%3Ftable%3Dchineseunidata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_CUAA_N-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_CUAA_N_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChinese_Universities_Alumni_Association2024" class="citation web cs1">Chinese Universities Alumni Association (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaxy.com/2022index/news/news.jsp?information_id=10920">"Alumni Association (22nd Edition): Chinese University Rankings 2024"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alumni+Association+%2822nd+Edition%29%3A+Chinese+University+Rankings+2024&rft.date=2024&rft.au=Chinese+Universities+Alumni+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaxy.com%2F2022index%2Fnews%2Fnews.jsp%3Finformation_id%3D10920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cuaa.net">Alternative URL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_QS_N-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_QS_N_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings?countries=cn">"QS University Rankings 2025 - China (Mainland)"</a>. Top Universities. 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+University+Rankings+2025+-+China+%28Mainland%29&rft.pub=Top+Universities&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%3Fcountries%3Dcn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_QS_A-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_QS_A_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/asia-university-rankings">"QS World University Rankings: Asia 2025"</a>. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings%3A+Asia+2025&rft.pub=QS+Quacquarelli+Symonds+Limited&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fasia-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_ARWU_W-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_ARWU_W_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024">"Academic Ranking of World Universities"</a>. Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities&rft.pub=Institute+of+Higher+Education%2C+Shanghai+Jiao+Tong+University&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_QS_W_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings">"QS World University Rankings"</a>. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QS+World+University+Rankings&rft.pub=QS+Quacquarelli+Symonds+Limited&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworld-university-rankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_USNWR_W_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._News_&_World_Report2024" class="citation web cs1">U.S. News & World Report (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings">"2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2024-2025+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2024&rft.au=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_THE_N-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_THE_N_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/CHN/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats">"THE University Rankings 2025 - China"</a>. Times Higher Education (THE). 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+University+Rankings+2025+-+China&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2025%2Fworld-ranking%23%21%2Flength%2F25%2Flocations%2FCHN%2Fsort_by%2Frank%2Fsort_order%2Fasc%2Fcols%2Fstats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_THE_A-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_THE_A_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/regional-ranking#!/length/25/locations/CHN/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats">"Asia University Rankings 2024"</a>. Times Higher Education. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia+University+Rankings+2024&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2024%2Fregional-ranking%23%21%2Flength%2F25%2Flocations%2FCHN%2Fsort_by%2Frank%2Fsort_order%2Fasc%2Fcols%2Fstats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankings_THE_W-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rankings_THE_W_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/world-ranking">"THE World University Rankings"</a>. Times Higher Education. 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+World+University+Rankings&rft.pub=Times+Higher+Education&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2025%2Fworld-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2003">"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities 2003"</a>. <i>shanghairanking.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shanghairanking.com&rft.atitle=ShanghaiRanking%27s+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304205040/http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2005/rankings_201_500/">"THES - QS World University Rankings 2005"</a>. <i>topuniversities.com</i>. October 28, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuniversities.com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2005/rankings_201_500/">the original</a> on March 4, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=topuniversities.com&rft.atitle=THES+-+QS+World+University+Rankings+2005&rft.date=2005-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Fworlduniversityrankings%2Fresults%2F2005%2Frankings_201_500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cuaa2010-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cuaa2010_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuaa2010_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718040117/http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2010/">"Chinese Alumni Network Top 100 Chinese University Ranking 2010 - CUAA website (in Chinese)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2010/">the original</a> on July 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Alumni+Network+Top+100+Chinese+University+Ranking+2010+-+CUAA+website+%28in+Chinese%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuaa.net%2Fcur%2F2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eval2008-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eval2008_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wu Shu Lian, "2008 Chinese University Evaluation Report" (in Chinese)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStudies_(CWTS)" class="citation web cs1">Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2023/list">"CWTS Leiden Ranking"</a>. <i>CWTS Leiden Ranking</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CWTS+Leiden+Ranking&rft.atitle=CWTS+Leiden+Ranking&rft.aulast=Studies+%28CWTS%29&rft.aufirst=Centre+for+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leidenranking.com%2Franking%2F2023%2Flist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=Higher+educ.&year=2015">"University Rankings 2021"</a>. <i>scimagoir.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scimagoir.com&rft.atitle=University+Rankings+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagoir.com%2Frankings.php%3Fsector%3DHigher%2Beduc.%26year%3D2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/nature-index/annual-tables/2023/institution/academic/all/global">"2023 tables: Institutions - academic | Annual tables | Nature Index"</a>. <i>nature.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nature.com&rft.atitle=2023+tables%3A+Institutions+-+academic+%7C+Annual+tables+%7C+Nature+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature-index%2Fannual-tables%2F2023%2Finstitution%2Facademic%2Fall%2Fglobal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2023">"ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities 2023"</a>. <i>shanghairanking.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shanghairanking.com&rft.atitle=ShanghaiRanking%27s+Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2Frankings%2Farwu%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cwur.org/2023.php">"World University Rankings 2023 | Global 2000 List"</a>. CWUR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+University+Rankings+2023+%7C+Global+2000+List&rft.pub=CWUR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcwur.org%2F2023.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF大学生必备网2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">大学生必备网 (June 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dxsbb.com/news/73026.html"><bdi lang="zh">山东大学学科评估结果排名</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft.date=2022-06-06&rft.au=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E5%BF%85%E5%A4%87%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dxsbb.com%2Fnews%2F73026.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This assessment is ranked by percentile at which the college stands nationwide: top 2% as A+, 2–5% as A, 10–20% as B+, 20–30% as B, 30–40% as B−, 40–50% as C, 50–60% as C, 60–70% as C−</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thepienews.com/news/shandong-university-buddy-system/">"Chinese uni criticised for buddy system"</a>. July 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+uni+criticised+for+buddy+system&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthepienews.com%2Fnews%2Fshandong-university-buddy-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inkstonenews.com/society/shandong-university-vows-revamp-program-expat-students-after-racist-online-comments/article/3018797">"Exchange program at Chinese university draws racist comments"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exchange+program+at+Chinese+university+draws+racist+comments&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inkstonenews.com%2Fsociety%2Fshandong-university-vows-revamp-program-expat-students-after-racist-online-comments%2Farticle%2F3018797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/12/WS5d28484ca3105895c2e7d2f4.html">"Shandong University 'buddy' policy clarified"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+University+%27buddy%27+policy+clarified&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F201907%2F12%2FWS5d28484ca3105895c2e7d2f4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdinfobase-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sdinfobase_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707034831/http://sd.infobase.gov.cn/bin/mse.exe?seachword=&K=b1&A=20&rec=23&run=13">"Information Base of the Shandong Government"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sd.infobase.gov.cn/bin/mse.exe?seachword=&K=b1&A=20&rec=23&run=13">the original</a> on July 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+Base+of+the+Shandong+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsd.infobase.gov.cn%2Fbin%2Fmse.exe%3Fseachword%3D%26K%3Db1%26A%3D20%26rec%3D23%26run%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cody1996-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cody1996_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCody1996" class="citation journal cs1">Cody, Jeffrey W. (1996). "Striking a harmonious chord: Foreign Missionaries and Chinese-style Buildings, 1911-1949". <i>Architronic</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 1–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architronic&rft.atitle=Striking+a+harmonious+chord%3A+Foreign+Missionaries+and+Chinese-style+Buildings%2C+1911-1949&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1-30&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Cody&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newsouthcampusoverview-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newsouthcampusoverview_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707025034/http://www.nwhxq.sdu.edu.cn/article.php?r_id=41">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Overview of Shandong University's New South Campus"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Chinese). Shandong University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwhxq.sdu.edu.cn/article.php?r_id=41">the original</a> on July 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Overview+of+Shandong+University%27s+New+South+Campus%22&rft.pub=Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwhxq.sdu.edu.cn%2Farticle.php%3Fr_id%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sduvisitconstr-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sduvisitconstr_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080203064604/http://www.online.sdu.edu.cn/article/0.php?pid=40230">"A Visit to the New District Construction Management Office"</a> (in Chinese). Shandong University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online.sdu.edu.cn/article/0.php?pid=40230">the original</a> on February 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Visit+to+the+New+District+Construction+Management+Office&rft.pub=Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.online.sdu.edu.cn%2Farticle%2F0.php%3Fpid%3D40230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdualumnnews-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sdualumnnews_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707051855/http://www.sdu.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1100">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Shandong University Xinglongshan Campus Student Activity Center officially opened" Shandong University Alumni Network"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.org.cn/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1100">the original</a> on July 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Shandong+University+Xinglongshan+Campus+Student+Activity+Center+officially+opened%22+Shandong+University+Alumni+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.org.cn%2FArticle%2FShowArticle.asp%3FArticleID%3D1100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swcollege-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swcollege_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swcollege_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://202.194.15.247/schome/gaikuang.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"College Profile" - website of the Shandong University Software College"</a> (in Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22College+Profile%22+-+website+of+the+Shandong+University+Software+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F202.194.15.247%2Fschome%2Fgaikuang.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sduweihai-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sduweihai_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduweihai_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sduweihai_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510070332/http://www.wh.sdu.edu.cn/gaikuang/jianjie.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Shandong University Weihai Campus - School Profile", official website of Shandong University Campus"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wh.sdu.edu.cn/gaikuang/jianjie.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Shandong+University+Weihai+Campus+-+School+Profile%22%2C+official+website+of+Shandong+University+Campus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wh.sdu.edu.cn%2Fgaikuang%2Fjianjie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shenzhendaily2010-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shenzhendaily2010_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005190915/http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2010-10/26/content_1281848.htm">"Shandong University to build Qingdao campus, Shenzhen Daily, October 26, 2010"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2010-10/26/content_1281848.htm">the original</a> on October 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+University+to+build+Qingdao+campus%2C+Shenzhen+Daily%2C+October+26%2C+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fszdaily.sznews.com%2Fhtml%2F2010-10%2F26%2Fcontent_1281848.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uc.edu/news/NR.asp?id=4007">Trip to Promote UC's China Strategy Pays Off in First Comprehensive Agreement With Chinese University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdumedia2010-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sdumedia2010_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318040416/http://www.media.sdu.edu.cn/e/action/ShowInfo.php?classid=19&id=1940">"Liu Qi: Sino-US Cooperation in the Establishment of University Laboratory on Biomimetic Physics, SDU Media Site, published 2010-08-15"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media.sdu.edu.cn/e/action/ShowInfo.php?classid=19&id=1940">the original</a> on March 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liu+Qi%3A+Sino-US+Cooperation+in+the+Establishment+of+University+Laboratory+on+Biomimetic+Physics%2C+SDU+Media+Site%2C+published+2010-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.media.sdu.edu.cn%2Fe%2Faction%2FShowInfo.php%3Fclassid%3D19%26id%3D1940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701041722/http://www.studychina.org.uk/pages.php?id=27">"Partnership Universities and locations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studychina.org.uk/pages.php?id=27">the original</a> on July 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partnership+Universities+and+locations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studychina.org.uk%2Fpages.php%3Fid%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819234945/http://www.studychina.org.uk/pages.php?id=1">"Study China"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studychina.org.uk/pages.php?id=1">the original</a> on August 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studychina.org.uk%2Fpages.php%3Fid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmj1953-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bmj1953_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bmj1953_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Obituary - Harold Balme, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S.". <i>British Medical Journal</i>: 511–512. February 28, 1953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Obituary+-+Harold+Balme%2C+O.B.E.%2C+M.D.%2C+F.R.C.S.&rft.pages=511-512&rft.date=1953-02-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qiluhosp-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qiluhosp_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qiluhospital.com/About.asp">"About Qilu Hospital" - official website of Qilu Hospital (in Chinese)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612190857/http://www.qiluhospital.com/about.asp">Archived</a> 2009-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2ndhosp-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2ndhosp_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2ndhosp_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100110131845/http://www.sdey.net/html/yyjj.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Second Hospital of Shandong University" - official website"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdey.net/html/yyjj.html">the original</a> on January 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Second+Hospital+of+Shandong+University%22+-+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdey.net%2Fhtml%2Fyyjj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stomhosp-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stomhosp_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdkq.sdu.edu.cn/dcms/html/yiyuangaikuang/index.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University" - official website"</a> (in Chinese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Stomatology+Hospital+of+Shandong+University%22+-+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdkq.sdu.edu.cn%2Fdcms%2Fhtml%2Fyiyuangaikuang%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181510/http://en.sdu.edu.cn/article.php?classid=10">"Introduction to Shandong University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.sdu.edu.cn/article.php?classid=10">the original</a> on 14 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Shandong+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.sdu.edu.cn%2Farticle.php%3Fclassid%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114840/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/bxzz.html">"山东大学办学宗旨 (Chinese)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/bxzz.html">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%8A%9E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%97%A8+%28Chinese%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Fbxzz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaomao-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gaomao_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914043425/http://www.view.sdu.edu.cn/news/news/hsjy/2011-05-31/1306805835.html">"Professor Gao Heng and Chairman Mao"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.view.sdu.edu.cn/news/news/hsjy/2011-05-31/1306805835.html">the original</a> on September 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Gao+Heng+and+Chairman+Mao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.view.sdu.edu.cn%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fhsjy%2F2011-05-31%2F1306805835.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sduanthem-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sduanthem_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114846/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/sdxg.html">"Shandong University Anthem (山东大学校歌)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/sdxg.html">the original</a> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+University+Anthem+%28%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Fsdxg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sdusong-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sdusong_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sdusong_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sdusong_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120602112410/http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/sdzg.html">"Song of Shandong University (山东大学之歌)"</a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/2010/sdzg.html">the original</a> on June 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Song+of+Shandong+University+%28%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdu.edu.cn%2F2010%2Fsdzg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDougall1999-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDougall1999_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDougallLouie1999" class="citation book cs1">McDougall, Bonnie S.; Louie, Kam (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ve3w6_yr5b0C&pg=PA114"><i>The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231110855" title="Special:BookSources/0231110855"><bdi>0231110855</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+China+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0231110855&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+S.&rft.au=Louie%2C+Kam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVe3w6_yr5b0C%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShandong+University" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong_University" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong University">Shandong University</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdu.edu.cn/">Shandong University website <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531201653/http://en.sdu.edu.cn/">Shandong University website <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;background:#880000;color:white;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Shandong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in Shandong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in Shandong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Universities and colleges</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="National Universities">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum_(Huadong)" class="mw-redirect" title="China University of Petroleum (Huadong)">China University of Petroleum (Huadong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural University at Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Provincial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jinan" title="University of Jinan">University of Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shandong University of Finance and Economics">Shandong University of Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Jianzhu_University" title="Shandong Jianzhu University">Shandong Jianzhu University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilu_University_of_Technology" title="Qilu University of Technology">Qilu University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Women%27s_University" title="Shandong Women's University">Shandong Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilu_Normal_University" title="Qilu Normal University">Qilu Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University" title="Qingdao University">Qingdao University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong University of Science and Technology">Shandong University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Qingdao University of Science and Technology">Qingdao University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Technological_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Technological University">Qingdao Technological University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Agricultural_University" title="Qingdao Agricultural University">Qingdao Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yantai_University" title="Yantai University">Yantai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludong_University" title="Ludong University">Ludong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Institute_of_Business_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Institute of Business and Technology">Shandong Institute of Business and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong#11" title="Shandong">Other cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Agricultural_University" title="Shandong Agricultural University">Shandong Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu_Normal_University" title="Qufu Normal University">Qufu Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Technology" title="Shandong University of Technology">Shandong University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng_University" title="Liaocheng University">Liaocheng University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_University" title="Linyi University">Linyi University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou_Medical_University" title="Binzhou Medical University">Binzhou Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining_Medical_University" title="Jining Medical University">Jining Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Second_Medical_University" title="Shandong Second Medical University">Shandong Second Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang_University" title="Weifang University">Weifang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Harbin University of Science and Technology">Harbin University of Science and Technology at Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou_University" title="Dezhou University">Dezhou University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Binhai_University" title="Qingdao Binhai University">Qingdao Binhai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Foreign_Languages_Vocational_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Foreign Languages Vocational College">Shandong Foreign Languages Vocational College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao_Polytechnic" title="Rizhao Polytechnic">Rizhao Polytechnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Technical_College" title="Qingdao Technical College">Qingdao Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Vocational_College_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong Vocational College of Science and Technology">Shandong Vocational College of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo_Vocational_Institute" title="Zibo Vocational Institute">Zibo Vocational Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>See also</b>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">List of universities in China</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Project_985" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Project_985" title="Template:Project 985"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Project_985" title="Template talk:Project 985"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Project_985" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Project 985"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Project_985" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher education</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">universities in China</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing (8)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">China Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_University_of_China" title="Minzu University of China">China Minzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University" title="Beijing Normal University">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology" title="Beijing Institute of Technology">Beijing Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_University" title="Nankai University">Nankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_University" title="Tianjin University">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_University" title="Jilin University">Jilin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Technology" title="Dalian University of Technology">Dalian Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northeastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai (4)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Normal_University" title="East China Normal University">East China Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">China Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">China Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi (3)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_A%26F_University" title="Northwest A&F University">Northwest A&F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Huazhong University of Science and Technology">Huazhong Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan (3)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_University" title="Central South University">Central South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology" title="National University of Defense Technology">National Defense Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University" title="Hunan University">Hunan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_University" title="Chongqing University">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan (2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_University" title="Sichuan University">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electronic_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Electronic Science and Technology of China">Electronic Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu (1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_University" title="Lanzhou University">Lanzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Project_211" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Project_211" title="Template:Project 211"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Project_211" title="Template talk:Project 211"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Project_211" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Project 211"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Project_211" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Project_211" title="Project 211">Project 211</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">Higher education</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">universities in China</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University" title="China Agricultural University">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Jiaotong_University" title="Beijing Jiaotong University">Beijing Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Central Conservatory of Music">Central Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Central University of Finance and Economics">Central Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_University_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Beijing University of Chemical Technology">Chemical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_University_of_China" title="Communication University of China">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Geosciences_(Beijing)" title="China University of Geosciences (Beijing)">Geosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_University_of_Chinese_Medicine" title="Beijing University of Chinese Medicine">Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_International_Business_and_Economics" title="University of International Business and Economics">International Business and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minzu_University_of_China" title="Minzu University of China">Minzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University" title="Beijing Normal University">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_Union_Medical_College" title="Peking Union Medical College">Union Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum_(Beijing)" class="mw-redirect" title="China University of Petroleum (Beijing)">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Mining_and_Technology" title="China University of Mining and Technology">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Political_Science_and_Law" title="China University of Political Science and Law">Political Science and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_University_of_Posts_and_Telecommunications" title="Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications">Posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_Beijing" title="University of Science and Technology Beijing">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology" title="Beijing Institute of Technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Foreign_Studies_University" title="Beijing Foreign Studies University">Foreign Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Forestry_University" title="Beijing Forestry University">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_University_of_Technology" title="Beijing University of Technology">University of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_Medical_University" title="Tianjin Medical University">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_University" title="Nankai University">Nankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_University" title="Tianjin University">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_University_of_Technology" title="Hebei University of Technology">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan_University_of_Technology" title="Taiyuan University of Technology">Taiyuan Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia_University" title="Inner Mongolia University">Inner Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Maritime_University" title="Dalian Maritime University">Dalian Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Technology" title="Dalian University of Technology">Dalian Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(China)" title="Northeastern University (China)">Northeastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_University" title="Jilin University">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Normal_University" title="Northeast Normal University">Northeast Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_University" title="Yanbian University">Yanbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Engineering_University" title="Harbin Engineering University">Harbin Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Agricultural_University" title="Northeast Agricultural University">Northeast Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Forestry_University" title="Northeast Forestry University">Northeast Forestry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghua_University" title="Donghua University">Donghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Normal_University" title="East China Normal University">East China Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="East China University of Science and Technology">East China Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Medical_University" title="Naval Medical University">Naval Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Studies_University" title="Shanghai International Studies University">International Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University" title="Shanghai University">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shanghai University of Finance and Economics">Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohai_University" title="Hohai University">Hohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan_University" title="Jiangnan University">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Pharmaceutical_University" title="China Pharmaceutical University">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soochow_University_(Suzhou)" title="Soochow University (Suzhou)">Soochow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Mining_and_Technology" title="China University of Mining and Technology">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Agricultural_University" title="Nanjing Agricultural University">Nanjing Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Aeronautics_and_Astronautics_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University">Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Normal_University" title="Nanjing Normal University">Nanjing Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nanjing University of Science and Technology">Nanjing Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_University" title="Anhui University">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei_University_of_Technology" title="Hefei University of Technology">Hefei Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_University" title="Fuzhou University">Fuzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_University" title="Nanchang University">Nanchang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum_(Huadong)" class="mw-redirect" title="China University of Petroleum (Huadong)">Petroleum Huadong</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_University" title="Zhengzhou University">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Geosciences_(Wuhan)" title="China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)">Geosciences Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Huazhong University of Science and Technology">Huazhong Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_Agricultural_University" title="Huazhong Agricultural University">Huazhong Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_Normal_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Huazhong Normal University">Huazhong Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University_of_Technology" title="Wuhan University of Technology">Wuhan Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongnan_University_of_Economics_and_Law" title="Zhongnan University of Economics and Law">Zhongnan Economics and Law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_South_University" title="Central South University">Central South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_Normal_University" title="Hunan Normal University">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University" title="Hunan University">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Defense_Technology" title="National University of Defense Technology">Defense Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_University" title="Jinan University">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Normal_University" title="South China Normal University">South China Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi_University" title="Guangxi University">Guangxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_University" title="Hainan University">Hainan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_University" title="Chongqing University">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_University" title="Southwest University">Southwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Agricultural_University" title="Sichuan Agricultural University">Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_University" title="Sichuan University">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Jiaotong_University" title="Southwest Jiaotong University">Southwest Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Southwestern University of Finance and Economics">Southwestern Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Electronic_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Electronic Science and Technology of China">Electronic Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_University" title="Guizhou University">Guizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan_University" title="Yunnan University">Yunnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_University" title="Tibet University">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Medical_University" title="Air Force Medical University">Air Force Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an_University" title="Chang'an University">Chang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_A%26F_University" title="Northwest A&F University">Northwest A&F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_University_(China)" title="Northwest University (China)">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Normal_University" title="Shaanxi Normal University">Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xidian_University" title="Xidian University">Xidian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_University" title="Lanzhou University">Lanzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai_University" title="Qinghai University">Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia_University" title="Ningxia University">Ningxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shihezi_University" title="Shihezi University">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_University" title="Xinjiang University">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shandong_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong_topics" title="Template talk:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shandong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#History" title="Shandong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Economy" title="Shandong">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shandong" title="Category:Geography of Shandong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Culture" title="Shandong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_opera" title="Lü opera">Lü opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braised_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised Chicken">Braised Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_flakes" title="Haw flakes">Haw flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moo_shu_pork" title="Moo shu pork">Moo shu pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha tang">Sha tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao beach resort city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple and Cemetery of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">Shou Qiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Associations_of_Independent_College_Admissions_of_Chinese_Universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Associations_of_independent_college_admissions_of_Chinese_universities" title="Template:Associations of independent college admissions of Chinese universities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Associations_of_independent_college_admissions_of_Chinese_universities" title="Template talk:Associations of independent college admissions of Chinese universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Associations_of_independent_college_admissions_of_Chinese_universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Associations of independent college admissions of Chinese universities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Associations_of_Independent_College_Admissions_of_Chinese_Universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associations of Independent College Admissions of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">Chinese Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Peking Union"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beihang_University" title="Beihang University">Beihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Normal_University" title="Beijing Normal University">Beijing Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Huazhong University of Science and Technology">Huazhong Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou_University" title="Lanzhou University">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_University" title="Sichuan University">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen_University" title="Sun Yat-sen University">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_University" title="Wuhan University">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fudan_University" title="Fudan University">Fudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankai_University" title="Nankai University">Nankai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"Tsinghua Union"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_University" title="Nanjing University">Nanjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">Shanghai Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Jiaotong_University" title="Xi'an Jiaotong University">Xi'an Jiaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang_University" title="Zhejiang University">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Excellence_League" title="Excellence League">Excellence</a> Union"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_University" title="Tongji University">Tongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin_University" title="Tianjin University">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Institute_of_Technology" title="Beijing Institute of Technology">Beijing Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Technology" title="Dalian University of Technology">Dalian Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_University" title="Southeast University">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Institute_of_Technology" title="Harbin Institute of Technology">Harbin Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_University_of_Technology" title="South China University of Technology">South China Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnical_University" title="Northwestern Polytechnical University">Northwestern Poly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_University" title="Chongqing University">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan_University" title="Hunan University">Hunan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E6%8B%9B%E7%94%9F#高校结盟" class="extiw" title="zh:自主招生">高校联考自主招生联盟</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Port-City_University_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Port-City_University_League" title="Template:Port-City University League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Port-City_University_League" title="Template talk:Port-City University League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Port-City_University_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Port-City University League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Port-City_University_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Port-City_University_League" title="Port-City University League">Port-City University League</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Brazil">Brazil</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">USP</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Canada" title="List of universities in Canada">Canada</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">UBC</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">China</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Technology" title="Dalian University of Technology">DUT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Jiao_Tong_University" title="Shanghai Jiao Tong University">SJTU</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SDU</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Egypt" title="List of universities in Egypt">Egypt</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_University" title="Alexandria University">Alexandria</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">India</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Madras">IIT Madras</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Third-level_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#List_of_higher_education_establishments" title="Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Japan" title="List of universities in Japan">Japan</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_City_University" title="Yokohama City University">YCU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_National_University" title="Yokohama National University">YNU</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Portugal">Portugal</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lisbon" title="University of Lisbon">ULisboa</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_University" title="King Abdulaziz University">KAU</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in South Korea">South Korea</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Incheon_National_University" title="Incheon National University">INU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pukyong_National_University" title="Pukyong National University">PKNU</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Songdo_International_Business_District#Projects" class="mw-redirect" title="Songdo International Business District">UGent Global</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Turkey</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Technical_University" title="Istanbul Technical University">ITU</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Vietnam" title="List of universities in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_University_of_Technology" title="Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology">HCMUT</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604470#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604470#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604470#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000417611174">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155948005">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Shandong-Daxue (Jinan)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129660-7">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81054085">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36604869">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Shandong da xue"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2011624642&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007365608205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&oldid=1256692428">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&oldid=1256692428</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong_University" title="Category:Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Jinan" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Jinan">Universities and colleges in Jinan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_China_with_English-medium_medical_schools" title="Category:Universities in China with English-medium medical schools">Universities in China with English-medium medical schools</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vice-ministerial_universities_in_China" title="Category:Vice-ministerial universities in China">Vice-ministerial universities in China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Qingdao" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Qingdao">Universities and colleges in Qingdao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1901_in_Jinan" title="Category:1901 in Jinan">1901 in Jinan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2018">Articles with dead external links from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_December_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from December 2023">Use mdy dates from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_university" title="Category:Articles using infobox university">Articles using infobox university</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_university_with_the_nickname_alias" title="Category:Pages using infobox university with the nickname alias">Pages using infobox university with the nickname alias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 03:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shandong_University&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-kvrvd","wgBackendResponseTime":217,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.963","walltime":"2.349","ppvisitednodes":{"value":20377,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":497454,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":92371,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":375805,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1856.726 1 -total"," 28.16% 522.943 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.69% 365.621 1 Template:Infobox_university"," 18.91% 351.117 1 Template:Infobox"," 16.15% 299.864 56 Template:Cite_web"," 11.06% 205.414 90 Template:Zh"," 8.40% 155.986 1 Template:Navboxes"," 7.37% 136.908 10 Template:Navbox"," 7.15% 132.814 1 Template:Native_name"," 6.36% 118.013 12 Template:If_empty"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.987","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18264341,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74d78f4769-8kj2l","timestamp":"20241127201742","ttl":272551,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shandong University","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shandong_University","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q604470","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q604470","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-10T12:20:31Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T03:46:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/7a\/Sdulogo_lettering.png","headline":"university in China"}</script> </body> </html>