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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of protists</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)">Breviatea </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg/220px-Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg/330px-Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg/440px-Mastigamoeba_invertens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Breviata_anathema" class="mw-redirect" title="Breviata anathema">Breviata anathema</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Breviatidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Breviatea</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Cavalier-Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a>, 2004<sup id="cite_ref-CavSmith_et_al_2004_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavSmith_et_al_2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Breviatida</a><br /><small>Cavalier-Smith, 2004<sup id="cite_ref-CavSmith_et_al_2004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavSmith_et_al_2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Breviatidae</a><br /><small>Cavalier-Smith, 2013<sup id="cite_ref-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breviata" title="Breviata">Breviata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenisia (page does not exist)">Lenisia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia (page does not exist)">Pygsuia</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="#Classification">4 species</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Breviatea</b>, commonly known as <b>breviate amoebae</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a group of free-living, <a href="/wiki/Amitochondriate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amitochondriate">amitochondriate</a> <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protists</a> with uncertain phylogenetic position.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are <a href="/wiki/Flagellate" title="Flagellate">biflagellate</a>, and can live in anaerobic (oxygen-free) environments.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_2016_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2013_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Modern_Soil_Biology_3rd_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modern_Soil_Biology_3rd-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are currently placed in the <a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a> clade.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_2021_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They likely do not possess <a href="/wiki/Vinculin_family" title="Vinculin family">vinculin</a> proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_2021_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang_2021-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their metabolism relies on <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentative</a> production of <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a> as an adaptation to their low-oxygen environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_2016_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lineage emerged roughly one billion years ago, at a time when the oxygen content of the Earth's oceans was low, and they thus developed anaerobic lifestyles. Together with <a href="/wiki/Apusomonads" class="mw-redirect" title="Apusomonads">Apusomonads</a>, they are the closest relatives of the <a href="/wiki/Opisthokont" title="Opisthokont">Opisthokonts</a>, a group that includes animals and fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2013_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hydrogenosomes_and_Mitosomes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydrogenosomes_and_Mitosomes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitochondrion-related_organelles">Mitochondrion-related organelles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mitochondrion-related organelles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are organelles that evolved from a degradation of ancestral, fully functional <a href="/wiki/Mitochondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>. Among Breviatea, MROs are present in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia (page does not exist)">Pygsuia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Breviata" title="Breviata">Breviata</a></i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas</a></i>. In the cells of <i>Pygsuia</i>, for which the complete <a href="/wiki/Transcriptome" title="Transcriptome">transcriptome</a> is known, there is a single smooth MRO that lacks a <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_genome" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrial genome">mitochondrial genome</a> and most components of the <a href="/wiki/Electron_transport_chain" title="Electron transport chain">electron transport chain</a>. Of the <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid_cycle" title="Citric acid cycle">citric acid cycle</a> enzymes, which are present in the mitochondria in other organisms, only two are present in <i>Pygsuia</i>: <a href="/wiki/Fumarase" title="Fumarase">fumarase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Succinate_dehydrogenase" title="Succinate dehydrogenase">succinate dehydrogenase</a>. In contrast, <i>Lenisia</i> cells contain multiple MROs with <a href="/wiki/Crista" title="Crista">cristae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydrogenosomes_and_Mitosomes_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydrogenosomes_and_Mitosomes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breviatea is a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Basal_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Basal group">basal</a> <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotes</a>. They are closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Apusomonad" class="mw-redirect" title="Apusomonad">apusomonads</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> supergroup, and together they compose the larger clade <a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a>, which is the sister group to <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2013_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within Breviatea, the four known species are distributed into smaller clades of two species each: one uniting <i><a href="/wiki/Breviata" title="Breviata">Breviata</a></i> with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas</a></i>, and one uniting <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenisia (page does not exist)">Lenisia</a></i> with <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia (page does not exist)">Pygsuia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_2016_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Podiata" title="Podiata">Podiata</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/CRuMs" title="CRuMs">CRuMs</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Breviatea</b>   </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Breviata_anathema" class="mw-redirect" title="Breviata anathema">Breviata anathema</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas_tetraspora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas tetraspora (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas tetraspora</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenisia_limosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenisia limosa (page does not exist)">Lenisia limosa</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia_biforma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia biforma (page does not exist)">Pygsuia biforma</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Apusomonadida">Apusomonadida</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The class Breviatea was created in 2004 by British protozoologist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Thomas Cavalier-Smith</a> to group a problematic taxon previously known as <i>‘Mastigamoeba invertens’</i>. This organism, initially classified in the <a href="/wiki/Archamoebae" title="Archamoebae">Archamoebae</a> within phylum <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a>, appeared to strongly diverge in <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> trees based on <a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA" title="Ribosomal RNA">ribosomal RNA</a> and had a structure very different from other Archamoebae. Because of these results, <i>‘M. invertens’</i> was separated into the order <b>Breviatida</b>, contained in the monotypic class <b>Breviatea</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-CavSmith_et_al_2004_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavSmith_et_al_2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organism was eventually renamed <i><a href="/wiki/Breviata_anathema" class="mw-redirect" title="Breviata anathema">Breviata anathema</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A family-level rank for these amoebae, <b>Breviatidae</b>, was <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)#Taxonomic_descriptions" title="Taxonomy (biology)">formally described</a> by the same author in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are currently four accepted genera, each containing only one species. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breviata" title="Breviata">Breviata</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Walker, Dacks & Embley, 2006</span><sup id="cite_ref-Walker_2006_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker_2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Breviata_anathema" class="mw-redirect" title="Breviata anathema">Breviata anathema</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Walker, Dacks & Embley, 2006</span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenisia (page does not exist)">Lenisia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Hamann et al., 2016</span><sup id="cite_ref-Hamann_2016_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamann_2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenisia_limosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenisia limosa (page does not exist)">Lenisia limosa</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Hamann et al., 2016</span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia (page does not exist)">Pygsuia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Brown et al., 2013</span><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2013_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pygsuia_biforma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pygsuia biforma (page does not exist)">Pygsuia biforma</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Brown et al., 2013</span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Katz et al., 2011</span><sup id="cite_ref-Subulatomonas_tetraspora_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subulatomonas_tetraspora-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subulatomonas_tetraspora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subulatomonas tetraspora (page does not exist)">Subulatomonas tetraspora</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Katz et al., 2011</span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cavalier-Smith_et_al._2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCavalier-Smith2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (May 2013). 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"<i>Subulatomonas tetraspora</i> nov. gen. nov. sp. is a Member of a Previously Unrecognized Major Clade of Eukaryotes". <i>Protist</i>. <b>162</b> (5): 762–773. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.protis.2011.05.002">10.1016/j.protis.2011.05.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21723191">21723191</a>.</cite><span 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<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21446474" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q21446474">Q21446474</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Breviatea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Breviatea">Breviatea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1401294">1401294</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=5246141">5246141</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=582187">582187</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eukaryota" title="Template:Eukaryota"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eukaryota" title="Template talk:Eukaryota"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eukaryota" 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href="/wiki/Template:Mesomycetozoea" title="Template:Mesomycetozoea">Mesomycetozoea</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amorphea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-21px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amoebozoa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discosea" title="Discosea">Discosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubulinea" title="Tubulinea">Tubulinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eumycetozoa" title="Eumycetozoa">Eumycetozoa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variosea" class="mw-redirect" title="Variosea">Variosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archamoebea" class="mw-redirect" title="Archamoebea">Archamoebea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutosea" title="Cutosea">Cutosea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadidae" title="Apusomonadidae">Apusomonadida</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Breviatea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holomycota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristidiscoidea" title="Cristidiscoidea">Rotosphaerida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-32px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tunicaraptor" title="Tunicaraptor">Tunicaraptor</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bicellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicellum">Bicellum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyosporea" title="Ichthyosporea">Ichthyosporea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluriformea" title="Pluriformea">Pluriformea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Filozoa" title="Filozoa">Filozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filasterea" title="Filasterea">Filasterea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellate" title="Choanoflagellate">Choanoflagellata</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-34px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provora" title="Provora">Provora</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centroplasthelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Centroplasthelida">Centroplasthelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptophyte" title="Haptophyte">Haptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">    <a href="/wiki/TSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="TSAR">TSAR</a>    </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telonemia" title="Telonemia">Telonemia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     <a href="/wiki/SAR_supergroup" title="SAR supergroup">SAR</a>     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colponemida" class="mw-redirect" title="Colponemida">Colponemida</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate">Ciliophora</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80); vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrompodellid" title="Chrompodellid">Chrompodellida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellate" title="Dinoflagellate">Dinoflagellata</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkinsozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkinsozoa">Perkinsozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Stramenopiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Stramenopiles">Stramenopiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Platysulcus" title="Platysulcus">Platysulcus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Bigyra" title="Bigyra">Bigyra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicosoecea" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicosoecea">Bicosoecida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placidozoa" title="Placidozoa">Placidozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagenista" title="Sagenista">Sagenista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Gyrista" title="Gyrista">Gyrista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developea" class="mw-redirect" title="Developea">Developea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirsoniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirsoniales">Pirsoniales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphochytriomycetes" title="Hyphochytriomycetes">Hyphochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ochrophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ochrophyta">Ochrophyta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Oomycetes">Oomycetes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinophryida" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinophryida">Actinophryida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     <a href="/wiki/CAM_clade" class="mw-redirect" title="CAM clade">CAM</a>     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Pancryptista" title="Pancryptista">Pancryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microheliella" title="Microheliella">Microheliella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Cryptista" title="Cryptista">Cryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Palpitomonas" title="Palpitomonas">Palpitomonas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptophyta">Cryptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodelphidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodelphidia">Rhodelphidia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viridiplantae(Plants_sensu_lato)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Plant#Alternative_concepts" title="Plant">Plants <i>sensu lato</i></a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prasinodermophyta" title="Prasinodermophyta">Prasinodermophyta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Streptophyta" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorokybus" title="Chlorokybus">Chlorokybus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesostigma" title="Mesostigma">Mesostigma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klebsormidiophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Klebsormidiophyceae">Klebsormidiophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charophyceae" title="Charophyceae">Charophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleochaetophyceae" title="Coleochaetophyceae">Coleochaetophyceae</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyceae</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-23px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavates</a>*</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakobida" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakobida">Jakobida</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsukubamonas" title="Tsukubamonas">Tsukubamonas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discicristata" title="Discicristata">Discicristata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heterolobosea" title="Heterolobosea">Heterolobosea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barthelona" title="Barthelona">Barthelona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaeramoebae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeramoebae (page does not exist)">Anaeramoebae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaeromonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaeromonada">Anaeromonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fornicata">Fornicata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabasalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parabasalia">Parabasalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malawimonada" class="mw-redirect" title="Malawimonada">Malawimonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malawimonadidae" title="Malawimonadidae">Malawimonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imasidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Imasidae">Imasidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><span style="margin:-31px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Acritarch" title="Acritarch">Acritarchs</a></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Grypania" title="Grypania">Grypania</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Gunflint_chert" title="Gunflint chert">Gunflint microbiota</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chitinozoan" title="Chitinozoan">Chitinozoan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteora_sporadica" title="Meteora sporadica">Meteora sporadica</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hemimastigophora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemimastigophora" title="Hemimastigophora">Hemimastigophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spironematellidae" title="Spironematellidae">Spironematellidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramastigidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramastigidae">Paramastigidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancyromonadida" title="Ancyromonadida">Ancyromonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyromonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyromonadidae (page does not exist)">Ancyromonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planomonadidae (page does not exist)">Planomonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CRuMs" title="CRuMs">CRuMs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collodictyonidae" title="Collodictyonidae">Collodictyonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantamonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantamonadida">Mantamonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigifilida" title="Rigifilida">Rigifilida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹traditional <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">kingdoms</a> excluded from <a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">protists</a></li> <li>*<a href="/wiki/Paraphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraphyletic">paraphyletic</a> groups</li> <li><b>bold</b> denotes groups with over 1,000 species</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&oldid=1176571061">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breviatea&oldid=1176571061</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obazoa" 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