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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleurodira</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="سلاحف جانبية الرقبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلاحف جانبية الرقبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96" title="Бакашыйныя чарапахі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бакашыйныя чарапахі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96" title="Бакашыйныя чарапахі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бакашыйныя чарапахі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Страничношийни костенурки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Страничношийни костенурки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodirs" title="Pleurodirs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pleurodirs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halswender-Schildkr%C3%B6ten" title="Halswender-Schildkröten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halswender-Schildkröten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کنارگردن‌سانیان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنارگردن‌سانیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleur%C3%B3diros" title="Pleuródiros – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pleuródiros" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A1%EA%B2%BD%EC%95%84%EB%AA%A9" title="곡경아목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="곡경아목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B2%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A6_%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կողքավիզ կրիաներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կողքավիզ կրիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%93%D7%99-%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8" title="צבים מצדדי-צוואר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבים מצדדי-צוואר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გვერდკისერა კუები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვერდკისერა კუები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бүйір мойын тасбақалар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүйір мойын тасбақалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0onakakliai_v%C4%97%C5%BEliai" title="Šonakakliai vėžliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šonakakliai vėžliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%87" title="سلاحف جانبية الرقبه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلاحف جانبية الرقبه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halswenders" title="Halswenders – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halswenders" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E9%A0%B8%E4%BA%9C%E7%9B%AE" title="曲頸亜目 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="曲頸亜目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsvendere" title="Halsvendere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halsvendere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsvendarar" title="Halsvendarar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halsvendarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82wie_bokoszyjne" title="Żółwie bokoszyjne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żółwie bokoszyjne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Бокошейные черепахи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бокошейные черепахи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivutaivuttajat" title="Sivutaivuttajat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sivutaivuttajat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4ndhalssk%C3%B6ldpaddor" title="Vändhalssköldpaddor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vändhalssköldpaddor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B9" title="อันดับย่อยเต่าคองู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับย่อยเต่าคองู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%97_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Бокошиї черепахи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бокошиї черепахи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pleurodira" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B4%E9%A0%B8%E9%BE%9C%E4%BA%9E%E7%9B%AE" title="側頸龜亞目 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="側頸龜亞目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q621851#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pleurodira" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Pleurodira" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Suborder of turtles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Pleurodira<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a> to present, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">163–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:164.83076923077px; width:55.169230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:164.83076923077px; width:55.169230769231px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:165.83076923077px; width:53.169230769231px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg/220px-Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg/330px-Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg/440px-Eastern_long_neck_tortoise_-_chelodina_longicollis03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_long-necked_turtle" title="Eastern long-necked turtle">Eastern long-necked turtle</a><br /><i>Chelodina longicollis</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pleurodira" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pan-Pleurodira</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pleurodira</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Cope</a>, 1865<sup id="cite_ref-cope1865_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cope1865-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-ttwg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ttwg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>Pleuroderes <small>- <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie_Constant_Dum%C3%A9ril" title="André Marie Constant Duméril">Duméril</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Bibron</a> 1834:354</small><sup id="cite_ref-dum&bib1834_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dum&bib1834-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pleurodera <small>- Lichtenstein 1856:2</small><sup id="cite_ref-lich1865_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lich1865-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Pleurodera</i> <small>- Cope 1864:181</small><sup id="cite_ref-cope1864_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cope1864-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pleurodira <small>- Cope 1865:186</small><sup id="cite_ref-cope1865_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cope1865-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Pleurodira</b> are one of the two living <a href="/wiki/Suborder_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborder (biology)">suborders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Testudines" class="mw-redirect" title="Testudines">turtles</a>, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">Cryptodira</a>. The division between these two suborders represents a very deep evolutionary divide between two very different types of turtles. The physical differences between them, although anatomical and largely internal, are nonetheless significant, and the zoogeographic implications of them are substantial. The Pleurodira are known more commonly as the <b>side-necked turtles</b> and the name Pleurodira quite literally translates to side neck, whereas the Cryptodira are known as hidden-necked turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-Prit84_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prit84-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pleurodira turtles are currently restricted to freshwater habitats in the Southern Hemisphere, largely to Australia, South America, and Africa. Within the Pleurodira, three living families are represented: <a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a>, also known as the Austro-South American side-necked turtles, the <a href="/wiki/Pelomedusidae" title="Pelomedusidae">Pelomedusidae</a>, also known as the African mud terrapins, and the <a href="/wiki/Podocnemididae" title="Podocnemididae">Podocnemididae</a>, also known as the American side-neck river turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-Prit84_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prit84-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they were cosmopolitan clade during the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> and most of the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a>, and even occurred in marine environments around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_description">Definition and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurodira&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelomedusa_subrufa_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Pelomedusa_subrufa_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusa_subrufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelomedusa subrufa">Pelomedusa subrufa</a></i> showing typical pleurodiran neck retraction, under the shell and towards the side.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Pleurodira are identified by the method with which they withdraw their heads into their shells. In these turtles, the neck is bent in the horizontal plane, drawing the head into a space in front of one of the front legs. A larger overhang of the carapace helps to protect the neck, which remains partially exposed after retraction. This differs from the method employed by a <a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">cryptodiran</a>, which tucks its head and neck between its forelegs, within the shell. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turtle_neck_retraction.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Turtle_neck_retraction.svg/220px-Turtle_neck_retraction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Turtle_neck_retraction.svg/330px-Turtle_neck_retraction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Turtle_neck_retraction.svg/440px-Turtle_neck_retraction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Differences in neck retraction between cryptodirans and pleurodirans.</figcaption></figure> <p>The different methods of bending the neck require completely different anatomies of the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical</a> <a href="/wiki/Vertebrae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae">vertebrae</a>. All extant turtles studied so far have eight vertebrae in the neck.<sup id="cite_ref-Romer56_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romer56-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Pleurodira, these vertebrae are narrow in cross-section and spool-shaped with biconvex centra on one or more of the cervicals.<sup id="cite_ref-Romer56_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romer56-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These centra act as a double joint, allowing a large degree of sideways movement and providing a means of folding the neck onto itself in the lateral plane. Conversely, in the Cryptodira, the neck bones are wide and flat. The biconvex centra in some of the cryptodiran cervicals allow the neck to fold onto itself in the vertical plane.<sup id="cite_ref-Romer56_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romer56-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pleurodirans also differ from cryptodirans in the emarginations of their skulls. Skull emargination provides room and anchorage for the jaw muscles. The connection points and the position of the emarginations relate to different bones of the skull. </p><p>Another difference is in the arrangement of the bones of the shell and the scutes overlaying them. Pleurodiran turtles have 13 scutes on the plastron of the shell, whereas cryptodiran turtles have only 12. The extra scute is called the intergular and is at the front of the plastron between the <a href="/wiki/Gular_scute" class="mw-redirect" title="Gular scute">gular scutes</a>. Pelomedusid turtles also possess <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoplastron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoplastron (page does not exist)">mesoplastra</a>, further differentiating this group. </p><p>The jaw closure mechanism has articulation on trochlear surfaces of the pterygoid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suction_feeding">Suction feeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurodira&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Suction feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the three extant families in this suborder is the family <a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a>, which have a specially adapted strategy for catching prey. While the majority of the family Chelidae are omnivores, 17 species are carnivorous:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Chelus_fimbriatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelus fimbriatus">Chelus fimbriatus</a></i> and species of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelodina</a></i> genus.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This special strategy is referred to as a gape-suck mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turtle first opens its mouth little by little. Then, when the turtle is within striking range of the prey, it will open its mouth completely, sucking in water at such a rate that the current into its mouth is too strong for prey to escape and it engulfs the prey within 0.004 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strategy also circumvents issues to quick capture of underwater prey, such as resistance to rapid movement in water, pressure waves due to a rapid strike, and rapid water intake when feeding.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurodira&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Ferreria, et al. 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panpleurodira" class="mw-redirect" title="Panpleurodira">Panpleurodira</a></b> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Dortokidae" title="Dortokidae">Dortokidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>-<a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a>)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Platychelyidae" title="Platychelyidae">Platychelyidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Late_Jurassic" title="Late Jurassic">Late Jurassic</a>-<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>)</li> <li><b>Pleurodira</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a> (20 genera)</li> <li>Pan-Pelomedusoides <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Araripemydidae" title="Araripemydidae">Araripemydidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>)</li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Euraxemydidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euraxemydidae (page does not exist)">Euraxemydidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusoides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelomedusoides">Pelomedusoides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusidae" title="Pelomedusidae">Pelomedusidae</a> (2 genera)</li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francemys (page does not exist)">Francemys</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Sahonachelyidae" title="Sahonachelyidae">Sahonachelyidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a>)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Bothremydidae" title="Bothremydidae">Bothremydidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a>-<a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocnemidoidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Podocnemidoidae">Podocnemidoidae</a> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Peiropemydidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Peiropemydidae">Peiropemydidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocnemididae" title="Podocnemididae">Podocnemididae</a> (3 extant, many extinct genera)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleurodira&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cope1865-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cope1865_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cope1865_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCope1865" class="citation journal cs1">Cope, E. D. (1865). "Third Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". <i>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia</i>. <b>17</b> (4): 185–198. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4624040">4624040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Academy+of+Natural+Sciences+of+Philadelphia&rft.atitle=Third+Contribution+to+the+Herpetology+of+Tropical+America&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=185-198&rft.date=1865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4624040%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=E.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APleurodira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ttwg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ttwg_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_DijkIversonShafferBour2012" class="citation book cs1">Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Bour, Roger; Rhodin, Anders (2012). "Turtles of the World, 2012 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status". <i>Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3854%2Fcrm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012">10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0965354097" title="Special:BookSources/978-0965354097"><bdi>978-0965354097</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turtles+of+the+World%2C+2012+Update%3A+Annotated+Checklist+of+Taxonomy%2C+Synonymy%2C+Distribution%2C+and+Conservation+Status&rft.btitle=Conservation+Biology+of+Freshwater+Turtles+and+Tortoises&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3854%2Fcrm.5.000.checklist.v5.2012&rft.isbn=978-0965354097&rft.aulast=Van+Dijk&rft.aufirst=Peter+Paul&rft.au=Iverson%2C+John&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+H.+Bradley&rft.au=Bour%2C+Roger&rft.au=Rhodin%2C+Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APleurodira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dum&bib1834-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dum&bib1834_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumérilBairdBibronDuméril1834" class="citation book cs1">Duméril, C.; Baird, Spencer Fullerton; Bibron, Gabriel; Duméril, Auguste Henri André (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100088"><i>Erpétologie générale, ou, Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles / Par A.M.C. Duméril et par G. Bibron</i></a>. Paris: , Roret, 1834-54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.45973">10.5962/bhl.title.45973</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/06014283">06014283</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5718160">5718160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erp%C3%A9tologie+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C+ou%2C+Histoire+naturelle+compl%C3%A8te+des+reptiles+%2F+Par+A.M.C.+Dum%C3%A9ril+et+par+G.+Bibron&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%2C+Roret%2C+1834-54&rft.date=1834&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5718160&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F06014283&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.45973&rft.aulast=Dum%C3%A9ril&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Baird%2C+Spencer+Fullerton&rft.au=Bibron%2C+Gabriel&rft.au=Dum%C3%A9ril%2C+Auguste+Henri+Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F100088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APleurodira" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001501045">At</a> <a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lich1865-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lich1865_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichtenstein1856" class="citation book cs1">Lichtenstein, Heinrich (1856). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nomenclatorrepti00lich"><i>Nomenclator reptilium et amphibiorum musei zoologici Berolinensis: Namenverzeichnis der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Koeniglichen Universität zu Berlin aufgestellten Arten von Reptilien und Amphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.45245">10.5962/bhl.title.45245</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/249533370">249533370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclator+reptilium+et+amphibiorum+musei+zoologici+Berolinensis%3A+Namenverzeichnis+der+in+der+zoologischen+Sammlung+der+Koeniglichen+Universit%C3%A4t+zu+Berlin+aufgestellten+Arten+von+Reptilien+und+Amphibien+nach+ihren+Ordnungen%2C+Familien+und+Gattungen&rft.date=1856&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F249533370&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.45245&rft.aulast=Lichtenstein&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnomenclatorrepti00lich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APleurodira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cope1864-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cope1864_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope1864" class="citation journal cs1">Cope, E. 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href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5882704">5882704</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29657780">29657780</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+Open+Science&rft.atitle=Phylogeny%2C+biogeography+and+diversification+patterns+of+side-necked+turtles+%28Testudines%3A+Pleurodira%29&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=171773&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5882704%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29657780&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsos.171773&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018RSOS....571773F&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+S.&rft.au=Bronzati%2C+Mario&rft.au=Langer%2C+Max+C.&rft.au=Sterli%2C+Juliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5882704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APleurodira" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Superfamily" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Testudines_families" title="List of Testudines families">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><div id="Genus"><b><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">Cryptodira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">Chelonioidea</a><br />(Sea turtles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cheloniidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Allopleuron" title="Allopleuron">Allopleuron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Caretta</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Carolinochelys" title="Carolinochelys">Carolinochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">Chelonia</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Eochelone" title="Eochelone">Eochelone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Eretmochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Gigantatypus" title="Gigantatypus">Gigantatypus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Glarichelys" title="Glarichelys">Glarichelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Itilochelys" title="Itilochelys">Itilochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ridley_sea_turtle" title="Ridley sea turtle">Lepidochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Mexichelys" title="Mexichelys">Mexichelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Miocaretta" title="Miocaretta">Miocaretta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flatback_sea_turtle" title="Flatback sea turtle">Natator</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Pacifichelys" title="Pacifichelys">Pacifichelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Syllomus" title="Syllomus">Syllomus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Tasbacka" title="Tasbacka">Tasbacka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Dermochelyidae" title="Dermochelyidae">Dermochelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Arabemys" title="Arabemys">Arabemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Corsochelys" title="Corsochelys">Corsochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Cosmochelys" title="Cosmochelys">Cosmochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">Dermochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Eosphargis" title="Eosphargis">Eosphargis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Mesodermochelys" title="Mesodermochelys">Mesodermochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Psephophorus" title="Psephophorus">Psephophorus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Euclastes" title="Euclastes">Euclastes</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Peritresius" title="Peritresius">Peritresius</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Procolpochelys" title="Procolpochelys">Procolpochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Protosphargis" title="Protosphargis">Protosphargis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Puppigerus" title="Puppigerus">Puppigerus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Kinosternoidea" title="Kinosternoidea">Kinosternoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dermatemydidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Dermatemydidae" title="Dermatemydidae">Dermatemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hickatee" title="Hickatee">Dermatemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Kinosternidae" title="Kinosternidae">Kinosternidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Narrow-bridged_musk_turtle" title="Narrow-bridged musk turtle">Claudius</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Hoplochelys" title="Hoplochelys">Hoplochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kinosternon" title="Kinosternon">Kinosternon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Staurotypus" title="Staurotypus">Staurotypus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sternotherus" title="Sternotherus">Sternotherus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Testudinoidea" title="Testudinoidea">Testudinoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Emydidae" title="Emydidae">Emydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Acherontemys" title="Acherontemys">Acherontemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysemys" title="Chrysemys">Chrysemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clemmys" title="Clemmys">Clemmys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deirochelys" title="Deirochelys">Deirochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emys" title="Emys">Emys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Actinemys" title="Actinemys">Actinemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Emydoidea">Emydoidea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyptemys" title="Glyptemys">Glyptemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Graptemys" title="Graptemys">Graptemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_terrapin" title="Diamondback terrapin">Malaclemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudemys" title="Pseudemys">Pseudemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Box_turtle" title="Box turtle">Terrapene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachemys" title="Trachemys">Trachemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilburemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilburemys (page does not exist)">Wilburemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Geoemydidae" title="Geoemydidae">Geoemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Batagur" title="Batagur">Batagur</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Banhxeochelys" title="Banhxeochelys">Banhxeochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asian_box_turtle" title="Asian box turtle">Cuora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclemys" title="Cyclemys">Cyclemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_pond_turtle" title="Black pond turtle">Geoclemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoemyda" title="Geoemyda">Geoemyda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahminy_river_turtle" title="Brahminy river turtle">Hardella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heosemys" title="Heosemys">Heosemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_forest_turtle" title="Sulawesi forest turtle">Leucocephalon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malayemys" title="Malayemys">Malayemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mauremys" title="Mauremys">Mauremys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanochelys" title="Melanochelys">Melanochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morenia" title="Morenia">Morenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malayan_flat-shelled_turtle" title="Malayan flat-shelled turtle">Notochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_giant_turtle" title="Malaysian giant turtle">Orlitia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pangshura" title="Pangshura">Pangshura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoclemmys" title="Rhinoclemmys">Rhinoclemmys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacalia" title="Sacalia">Sacalia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siebenrockiella" title="Siebenrockiella">Siebenrockiella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cane_turtle" title="Cane turtle">Vijayachelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> <a href="/wiki/Big-headed_turtle" title="Big-headed turtle">Platysternidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_turtle" title="Big-headed turtle">Platysternon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">Testudinidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aldabrachelys" title="Aldabrachelys">Aldabrachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astrochelys" title="Astrochelys">Astrochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centrochelys" title="Centrochelys">Centrochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelonoidis" title="Chelonoidis">Chelonoidis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angulate_tortoise" title="Angulate tortoise">Chersina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cylindraspis" title="Cylindraspis">Cylindraspis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymatholcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymatholcus (page does not exist)">Cymatholcus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floridemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floridemys (page does not exist)">Floridemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geochelone" title="Geochelone">Geochelone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gopherus" title="Gopherus">Gopherus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_(turtle)" title="Hadrianus (turtle)">Hadrianus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Hesperotestudo" title="Hesperotestudo">Hesperotestudo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homopus" title="Homopus">Homopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indotestudo" title="Indotestudo">Indotestudo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kinixys" title="Kinixys">Kinixys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pancake_tortoise" title="Pancake tortoise">Malacochersus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manouria" title="Manouria">Manouria</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Megalochelys" title="Megalochelys">Megalochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligopherus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligopherus (page does not exist)">Oligopherus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammobates" title="Psammobates">Psammobates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyxis_(turtle)" title="Pyxis (turtle)">Pyxis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Solitudo" title="Solitudo">Solitudo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leopard_tortoise" title="Leopard tortoise">Stigmochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Stylemys" title="Stylemys">Stylemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Testudo_(genus)" title="Testudo (genus)">Testudo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Trionychia" title="Trionychia">Trionychia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pig-nosed_turtle" title="Pig-nosed turtle">Carettochelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Allaeochelys" title="Allaeochelys">Allaeochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Anosteira" title="Anosteira">Anosteira</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pig-nosed_turtle" title="Pig-nosed turtle">Carettochelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Trionychidae" title="Trionychidae">Trionychidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amyda" title="Amyda">Amyda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apalone" title="Apalone">Apalone</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Axestemys" title="Axestemys">Axestemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chitra_(turtle)" title="Chitra (turtle)">Chitra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyclanorbis" title="Cyclanorbis">Cyclanorbis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cycloderma" title="Cycloderma">Cycloderma</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Drazinderetes" title="Drazinderetes">Drazinderetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malayan_softshell_turtle" title="Malayan softshell turtle">Dogania</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Gilmoremys" title="Gilmoremys">Gilmoremys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Hutchemys" title="Hutchemys">Hutchemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Khunnuchelys" title="Khunnuchelys">Khunnuchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lissemys" title="Lissemys">Lissemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nilssonia_(turtle)" title="Nilssonia (turtle)">Nilssonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wattle-necked_softshell_turtle" title="Wattle-necked softshell turtle">Palea</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Palaeoamyda" title="Palaeoamyda">Palaeoamyda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelochelys" title="Pelochelys">Pelochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelodiscus" title="Pelodiscus">Pelodiscus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rafetus" title="Rafetus">Rafetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trionyx" title="Trionyx">Trionyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Basilochelys" title="Basilochelys">Basilochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Sinaspideretes" title="Sinaspideretes">Sinaspideretes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chelydridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chelydridae" title="Chelydridae">Chelydridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelydra" title="Chelydra">Chelydra</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chelydrops" title="Chelydrops">Chelydrops</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chelydropsis" title="Chelydropsis">Chelydropsis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Emarginachelys" title="Emarginachelys">Emarginachelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Macrocephalochelys" title="Macrocephalochelys">Macrocephalochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrochelys" title="Macrochelys">Macrochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Planiplastron" title="Planiplastron">Planiplastron</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Protochelydra" title="Protochelydra">Protochelydra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Nanhsiungchelyidae" title="Nanhsiungchelyidae">Nanhsiungchelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Anomalochelys" title="Anomalochelys">Anomalochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Basilemys" title="Basilemys">Basilemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Jiangxichelys" title="Jiangxichelys">Jiangxichelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Protostegidae" title="Protostegidae">Protostegidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Alienochelys" title="Alienochelys">Alienochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Archelon" title="Archelon">Archelon</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Atlantochelys" title="Atlantochelys">Atlantochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bouliachelys" title="Bouliachelys">Bouliachelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Calcarichelys" title="Calcarichelys">Calcarichelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Cratochelone" title="Cratochelone">Cratochelone</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Desmatochelys" title="Desmatochelys">Desmatochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Iserosaurus" title="Iserosaurus">Iserosaurus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Notochelone" title="Notochelone">Notochelone</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ocepechelon" title="Ocepechelon">Ocepechelon</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Pneumatoarthrus" title="Pneumatoarthrus">Pneumatoarthrus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Protostega" title="Protostega">Protostega</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Rhinochelys" title="Rhinochelys">Rhinochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Santanachelys" title="Santanachelys">Santanachelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Terlinguachelys" title="Terlinguachelys">Terlinguachelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Adocus" title="Adocus">Adocus</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Argillochelys" title="Argillochelys">Argillochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bashuchelys" title="Bashuchelys">Bashuchelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ctenochelys" title="Ctenochelys">Ctenochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Prionochelys" title="Prionochelys">Prionochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Toxochelys" title="Toxochelys">Toxochelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pleurodira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Araripemydidae" title="Araripemydidae">Araripemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Araripemys" title="Araripemys">Araripemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Bothremydidae" title="Bothremydidae">Bothremydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Araiochelys" title="Araiochelys">Araiochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Arenila" title="Arenila">Arenila</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Azabbaremys" title="Azabbaremys">Azabbaremys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bothremys" title="Bothremys">Bothremys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Cearachelys" title="Cearachelys">Cearachelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chedighaii" title="Chedighaii">Chedighaii</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chupacabrachelys" title="Chupacabrachelys">Chupacabrachelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Eotaphrosphys" title="Eotaphrosphys">Eotaphrosphys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Foxemys" title="Foxemys">Foxemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Galianemys" title="Galianemys">Galianemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ilatardia" title="Ilatardia">Ilatardia</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Inaechelys" title="Inaechelys">Inaechelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Itapecuruemys" title="Itapecuruemys">Itapecuruemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Jainemys" title="Jainemys">Jainemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Kinkonychelys" title="Kinkonychelys">Kinkonychelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Kurmademys" title="Kurmademys">Kurmademys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Labrostochelys" title="Labrostochelys">Labrostochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Nigeremys" title="Nigeremys">Nigeremys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Phosphatochelys" title="Phosphatochelys">Phosphatochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Polysternon" title="Polysternon">Polysternon</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Puentemys" title="Puentemys">Puentemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Rosasia" title="Rosasia">Rosasia</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Rhothonemys" title="Rhothonemys">Rhothonemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Sankuchemys" title="Sankuchemys">Sankuchemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Taphrosphys" title="Taphrosphys">Taphrosphys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ummulisani" title="Ummulisani">Ummulisani</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Zolhafah" title="Zolhafah">Zolhafah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthochelys" title="Acanthochelys">Acanthochelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelodina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mata_mata" title="Mata mata">Chelus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Elseya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_River_turtle" title="Mary River turtle">Elusor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura" title="Emydura">Emydura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydromedusa" title="Hydromedusa">Hydromedusa</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Lomalatachelys" title="Lomalatachelys">Lomalatachelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys" title="Mesoclemmys">Mesoclemmys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myuchelys" title="Myuchelys">Myuchelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops" title="Phrynops">Phrynops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twist-necked_turtle" title="Twist-necked turtle">Platemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Prochelidella" title="Prochelidella">Prochelidella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_swamp_turtle" title="Western swamp turtle">Pseudemydura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheodytes" title="Rheodytes">Rheodytes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_side-necked_turtle" title="Red side-necked turtle">Rhinemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Yaminuechelys" title="Yaminuechelys">Yaminuechelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusidae" title="Pelomedusidae">Pelomedusidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_helmeted_turtle" title="African helmeted turtle">Pelomedusa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelusios" title="Pelusios">Pelusios</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Podocnemididae" title="Podocnemididae">Podocnemididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Albertwoodemys" title="Albertwoodemys">Albertwoodemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bauruemys" title="Bauruemys">Bauruemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Brontochelys" title="Brontochelys">Brontochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Caninemys" title="Caninemys">Caninemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Carbonemys" title="Carbonemys">Carbonemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Cerrejonemys" title="Cerrejonemys">Cerrejonemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Cordichelys" title="Cordichelys">Cordichelys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madagascan_big-headed_turtle" title="Madagascan big-headed turtle">Erymnochelys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Lapparentemys" title="Lapparentemys">Lapparentemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Latentemys" title="Latentemys">Latentemys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Big-headed Amazon River turtle">Peltocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Podocnemis" title="Podocnemis">Podocnemis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Stupendemys" title="Stupendemys">Stupendemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Sahonachelyidae" title="Sahonachelyidae">Sahonachelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Sahonachelys" title="Sahonachelys">Sahonachelys </a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Sokatra" title="Sokatra">Sokatra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Caribemys" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribemys">Caribemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Caririemys" title="Caririemys">Caririemys</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Tacuarembemys" title="Tacuarembemys">Tacuarembemys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.turtleconservancy.org/documents/2017/crm-7-checklist-atlas-v8-2017.pdf"><i>Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status</i></a>. † = extinct.</li></ul> <ul><li>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Testudines_families" title="List of Testudines families">List of Testudines families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Side-necked_turtle_species" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pleurodira" title="Template:Pleurodira"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pleurodira" title="Template talk:Pleurodira"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pleurodira" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pleurodira"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Side-necked_turtle_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Side-necked <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">turtle</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a></li> <li>Subclass: <a href="/wiki/Anapsid" title="Anapsid">Anapsida</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pleurodira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Subfamily" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">Subfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Genus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Subgenus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">Subgenus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:bold;"><div id="Species"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthochelys" title="Acanthochelys">Acanthochelys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_pantanal_swamp_turtle" title="Big-headed pantanal swamp turtle">Acanthochelys macrocephala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaco_side-necked_turtle" title="Chaco side-necked turtle">Acanthochelys pallidipectoris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_radiolated_swamp_turtle" title="Brazilian radiolated swamp turtle">Acanthochelys radiolata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_spine-neck_swamp_turtle" title="Black spine-neck swamp turtle">Acanthochelys spixii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelus" title="Chelus">Chelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mata_mata" title="Mata mata">Chelus fimbriata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelus_orinocensis" title="Chelus orinocensis">Chelus orinocensis</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelus_colombiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelus colombiana (page does not exist)">Chelus colombiana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys" title="Mesoclemmys">Mesoclemmys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dahl%27s_toad-headed_turtle" title="Dahl's toad-headed turtle">Mesoclemmys dahli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys_gibba" title="Mesoclemmys gibba">Mesoclemmys gibba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoclemmys_jurutiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoclemmys jurutiensis (page does not exist)">Mesoclemmys jurutiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys_nasuta" title="Mesoclemmys nasuta">Mesoclemmys nasuta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys_perplexa" title="Mesoclemmys perplexa">Mesoclemmys perplexa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys_raniceps" title="Mesoclemmys raniceps">Mesoclemmys raniceps</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoclemmys_sabiniparaensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis (page does not exist)">Mesoclemmys sabiniparaensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys_tuberculata" title="Mesoclemmys tuberculata">Mesoclemmys tuberculata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanderhaege%27s_toad-headed_turtle" title="Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle">Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesoclemmys_vanegasorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesoclemmys vanegasorum (page does not exist)">Mesoclemmys vanegasorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zulia_toad-headed_sideneck" title="Zulia toad-headed sideneck">Mesoclemmys zuliae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops" title="Phrynops">Phrynops</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops_geoffroanus" title="Phrynops geoffroanus">Phrynops geoffroanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops_hilarii" title="Phrynops hilarii">Phrynops hilarii</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops_paranaensis" title="Phrynops paranaensis">Phrynops paranaensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops_tuberosus" title="Phrynops tuberosus">Phrynops tuberosus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phrynops_williamsi" title="Phrynops williamsi">Phrynops williamsi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Twist-necked_turtle" title="Twist-necked turtle">Platemys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Twist-necked_turtle" title="Twist-necked turtle">Platemys platycephala</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hoge%27s_side-necked_turtle" title="Hoge's side-necked turtle">Ranacephala</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoge%27s_side-necked_turtle" title="Hoge's side-necked turtle">Ranacephala hogei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Red_side-necked_turtle" title="Red side-necked turtle">Rhinemys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_side-necked_turtle" title="Red side-necked turtle">Rhinemys rufipes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae#Classification" title="Chelidae">Chelodininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelodina</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelodina</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_canni" title="Chelodina canni">Chelodina canni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_gunaleni" title="Chelodina gunaleni">Chelodina gunaleni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_long-necked_turtle" title="Eastern long-necked turtle">Chelodina longicollis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roti_Island_snake-necked_turtle" title="Roti Island snake-necked turtle">Chelodina mccordi</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_murrayi" title="Chelodina murrayi">Chelodina murrayi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_snake-necked_turtle" title="New Guinea snake-necked turtle">Chelodina novaeguineae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pritchard%27s_snake-necked_turtle" title="Pritchard's snake-necked turtle">Chelodina pritchardi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reimann%27s_snake-necked_turtle" title="Reimann's snake-necked turtle">Chelodina reimanni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_steindachneri" title="Chelodina steindachneri">Chelodina steindachneri</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelydera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_alanrixi" title="Chelodina alanrixi">Chelodina alanrixi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_burrungandjii" title="Chelodina burrungandjii">Chelodina burrungandjii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_expansa" title="Chelodina expansa">Chelodina expansa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_insculpta" title="Chelodina insculpta">Chelodina insculpta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_kuchlingi" title="Chelodina kuchlingi">Chelodina kuchlingi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_kurrichalpongo" title="Chelodina kurrichalpongo">Chelodina kurrichalpongo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker%27s_snake-necked_turtle" title="Parker's snake-necked turtle">Chelodina parkeri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_snake-necked_turtle" title="Northern snake-necked turtle">Chelodina rugosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina_walloyarrina" title="Chelodina walloyarrina">Chelodina walloyarrina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Macrochelodina</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_snake-necked_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern snake-necked turtle">Chelodina oblonga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Elseya</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Elseya</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_dentata" title="Elseya dentata">Elseya dentata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_branderhorsti" title="Elseya branderhorsti">Elseya branderhorsti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_flaviventralis" title="Elseya flaviventralis">Elseya flaviventralis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Pelocomastes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_albagula" title="Elseya albagula">Elseya albagula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irwin%27s_turtle" title="Irwin's turtle">Elseya irwini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gulf_snapping_turtle" title="Gulf snapping turtle">Elseya lavarackorum</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_nadibajagu" title="Elseya nadibajagu">Elseya nadibajagu</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_uberrima" title="Elseya uberrima">Elseya uberrima</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Hanwarachelys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_caelatus" title="Elseya caelatus">Elseya caelatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_snapping_turtle" title="New Guinea snapping turtle">Elseya novaeguineae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_orestiad" class="mw-redirect" title="Elseya orestiad">Elseya orestiad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_rhodini" title="Elseya rhodini">Elseya rhodini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elseya_schultzei" title="Elseya schultzei">Elseya schultzei</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_River_turtle" title="Mary River turtle">Elusor</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_River_turtle" title="Mary River turtle">Elusor macrurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura" title="Emydura">Emydura</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura_australis" title="Emydura australis">Emydura australis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura_gunaleni" title="Emydura gunaleni">Emydura gunaleni</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura_macquarii" title="Emydura macquarii">Emydura macquarii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red-bellied_short-necked_turtle" title="Red-bellied short-necked turtle">Emydura subglobosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura_tanybaraga" class="mw-redirect" title="Emydura tanybaraga">Emydura tanybaraga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydura_victoriae" title="Emydura victoriae">Emydura victoriae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Myuchelys" title="Myuchelys">Myuchelys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Namoi_River_snapping_turtle" title="Namoi River snapping turtle">Myuchelys belli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellinger_River_snapping_turtle" title="Bellinger River snapping turtle">Myuchelys georgesi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saw-shelled_turtle" title="Saw-shelled turtle">Myuchelys latisternum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manning_River_snapping_turtle" title="Manning River snapping turtle">Myuchelys purvisi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rheodytes" title="Rheodytes">Rheodytes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheodytes" title="Rheodytes">Rheodytes leukops</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Rheodytes_devisi" title="Rheodytes devisi">Rheodytes devisi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Hydromedusinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hydromedusa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hydromedusa" title="Hydromedusa">Hydromedusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_snake-necked_turtle" title="Brazilian snake-necked turtle">Hydromedusa maximiliani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argentine_snake-necked_turtle" title="Argentine snake-necked turtle">Hydromedusa tectifera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Western_swamp_turtle" title="Western swamp turtle">Pseudemydurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pseudemydura" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Western_swamp_turtle" title="Western swamp turtle">Pseudemydura</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_swamp_turtle" title="Western swamp turtle">Pseudemydura umbrina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusidae" title="Pelomedusidae">Pelomedusidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/African_helmeted_turtle" title="African helmeted turtle">Pelomedusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/African_helmeted_turtle" title="African helmeted turtle">Pelomedusa subrufa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pelusios" title="Pelusios">Pelusios</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adanson%27s_mud_turtle" title="Adanson's mud turtle">Pelusios adansonii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Okavango_mud_turtle" title="Okavango mud turtle">Pelusios bechuanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turkana_mud_turtle" title="Turkana mud turtle">Pelusios broadleyi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/African_keeled_mud_turtle" title="African keeled mud turtle">Pelusios carinatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_African_mud_turtle" title="West African mud turtle">Pelusios castaneus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_mud_turtle" title="Yellow-bellied mud turtle">Pelusios castanoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_African_mud_turtle" title="Central African mud turtle">Pelusios chapini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast_mud_turtle" title="Ivory Coast mud turtle">Pelusios cupulatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/African_forest_turtle" title="African forest turtle">Pelusios gabonensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelusios_marani" title="Pelusios marani">Pelusios marani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/African_dwarf_mud_turtle" title="African dwarf mud turtle">Pelusios nanus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_African_black_turtle" title="West African black turtle">Pelusios niger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Variable_mud_turtle" title="Variable mud turtle">Pelusios rhodesianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serrated_hinged_terrapin" title="Serrated hinged terrapin">Pelusios sinuatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_African_black_mud_turtle" title="East African black mud turtle">Pelusios subniger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upemba_mud_turtle" title="Upemba mud turtle">Pelusios upembae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams%27_mud_turtle" title="Williams' mud turtle">Pelusios williamsi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Podocnemididae" title="Podocnemididae">Podocnemididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Madagascan_big-headed_turtle" title="Madagascan big-headed turtle">Erymnochelys</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Madagascan_big-headed_turtle" title="Madagascan big-headed turtle">Erymnochelys madagascariensis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Big-headed Amazon River turtle">Peltocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Big-headed Amazon River turtle">Peltocephalus dumerilianus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><i><a href="/wiki/Podocnemis" title="Podocnemis">Podocnemis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Red-headed_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Red-headed Amazon River turtle">Podocnemis erythrocephala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrau_turtle" title="Arrau turtle">Podocnemis expansa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_River_turtle" title="Magdalena River turtle">Podocnemis lewyana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six-tubercled_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Six-tubercled Amazon River turtle">Podocnemis sextuberculata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow-spotted_river_turtle" title="Yellow-spotted river turtle">Podocnemis unifilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savanna_side-necked_turtle" title="Savanna side-necked turtle">Podocnemis vogli</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/crm.8.checklist.atlas_.v9.2021.e3.pdf"><i>Turtles of the World 2021 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status</i></a>. Key: †=extinct.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Pleurodira</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621851" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q621851">Q621851</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pleurodira" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pleurodira">Pleurodira</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id16327">16327</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/87BW9">87BW9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4522821">4522821</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=948945">948945</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=8460">8460</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=66459">66459</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37589">37589</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1339072">1339072</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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