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(area 17), which is faithful to the relevant aspects of the known physiology and anatomy. The centerpiece of this work is an abstract hypercolumn model that is mapped to cat primary visual cortex. This model shows how the recurrent (intracortical) connections can be self-organized and that their presence can explain the emergence of several response properties of the striate cells, such as contrast-invariance of orientation tuning, narrowing of the orientation tuning, response saturation followed by normalization and response facilitation mediated by long-range horizontal connections. The abstract hypercolumn model is in line with other recurrent models by assuming broadly tuned inhibition. It is believed that large basket cells mediate this inhibition. However, the model is unique in that, when mapped to layer 4 it incorporates an additional class of interneurons, which only inhibit excitatory simple cells in their close surroundings. The layout and function of the intracortical connections within a patch of area 17 have been addressed using developmental network models. These models are developed during exposure to visual input using a Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) with an incremental learning rule. The connectivity pattern demonstrated by the correlation-based network model is similar to that of area 17. Excitatory local connections are dense, whereas excitatory long-range horizontal connections are sparse and elongated along the orientation axis. Furthermore, layer 4 excitatory local connections target mainly the iso-orientation domain, whereas the excitatory long-range horizontal connections are equally distributed between all orientation domains. However, both local and long-range horizontal connections of the layer 2/3 connections are biased towards the iso-orientation domains. It is hypothesizes that this patchiness is a consequence of excitatory long-range connections made by the pyramidal cells targeting mainly other pyramidal cells located in distal iso-orientation domains. The dissimilarity between the two layers' layout might indicate functional differences. The function of the intracortical connections has been investigated by studying response facilitation of simulated striate cells. This phenomenon is manifested by improved visibility of a Gabor patch when it is elongated along the orientation axis. This phenomenon is probably due to the elongated shape of the long-range horizontal connections. Response facilitation requires robust communication between striate cells located several millimeters from each other. It is hypothesized that spike and burst synchronization might be responsible for this. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the long-range horizontal connections seems also to help narrowing the orientation tuning of the excitatory cells. The main conclusion to be drawn is that it is possible to explain several response properties of the striate cells by an abstract hypercolumn model, which is faithful to the known anatomy and physiology of the neocortex. When simplicity is combined with biological plausibility the models of hypercolumns can give valuable insight into the structure and function of cortical circuitry.","publication_date":"2003,,","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"72462297"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Layout and function of the intracortical connections within the primary visual cortex","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [6153979]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div 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data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="1388142" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1388142/Quantitative_assessment_of_the_local_and_long_range_horizontal_connections_within_the_striate_cortex">Quantitative assessment of the local and long-range horizontal connections within the striate cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="567058" href="https://mdh.academia.edu/BaranCuruklu">Baran Curuklu</a></div><p 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href="https://www.academia.edu/77038376/Dependence_of_Visual_Cell_Properties_on_Intracortical_Synapses_Among_Hypercolumns_Analysis_by_a_Computer_Model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89942947" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89942947/Model_based_analysis_of_excitatory_lateral_connections_in_the_visual_cortex">Model-based analysis of excitatory lateral connections in the visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="243633007" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Buz%C3%A1sP%C3%A9ter">Péter Buzás</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Model-based analysis of excitatory lateral connections in the visual cortex","attachmentId":93643337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89942947/Model_based_analysis_of_excitatory_lateral_connections_in_the_visual_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89942947/Model_based_analysis_of_excitatory_lateral_connections_in_the_visual_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="2697575" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2697575/Layout_and_Function_of_the_Intracortical_Connections_within_Layer_4_of_Cat_Area">Layout and Function of the Intracortical Connections within Layer 4 of Cat Area</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="567058" href="https://mdh.academia.edu/BaranCuruklu">Baran Curuklu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract A patch of layer 4 of cat area 17 has been modeled. The developmental network model is based on the modular structure of the neocortex. Connections between the orientation minicolumns, building the network model, are developed during exposure to visual input. The network model captures some of the known properties of the layer 4 of cat area 17. Local connections are dense, whereas distal connections are sparse.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Layout and Function of the Intracortical Connections within Layer 4 of Cat Area","attachmentId":30836838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2697575/Layout_and_Function_of_the_Intracortical_Connections_within_Layer_4_of_Cat_Area","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2697575/Layout_and_Function_of_the_Intracortical_Connections_within_Layer_4_of_Cat_Area"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="57678674" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57678674/On_the_development_and_functional_roles_of_the_horizontal_connections_within_the_primary_visual_cortex_V1_">On the development and functional roles of the horizontal connections within the primary visual cortex (V1)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6153979" href="https://mdh.academia.edu/httpswwwesmdhsestaff15Baran___uruklu">Baran Curuklu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A laminar V1 model consisting of layers 4 and 2/3 is presented. The model is in line with the modular structure of the neocortex and addresses development of the horizontal connections within the V1. Later, the functional roles of the horizontal connections are addressed. Layer 4 model exhibits sharp orientation selectivity despite poorly tuned LGN input. Sharp orientation selectivity is achieved through (i) control of the total activity of the modeled hypercolumns by normalization inhibition, and (ii) providing layer 4 units with ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the development and functional roles of the horizontal connections within the primary visual cortex (V1)","attachmentId":72462122,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57678674/On_the_development_and_functional_roles_of_the_horizontal_connections_within_the_primary_visual_cortex_V1_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57678674/On_the_development_and_functional_roles_of_the_horizontal_connections_within_the_primary_visual_cortex_V1_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2697513" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2697513/An_abstract_model_of_a_cortical_hypercolumn">An abstract model of a cortical hypercolumn</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="567058" href="https://mdh.academia.edu/BaranCuruklu">Baran Curuklu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract An abstract model of a cortical hypercolumn is presented. This model could replicate experimental findings relating to the orientation tuning mechanism in the primary visual cortex. Properties of the orientation selective cells in the primary visual cortex, like contrast-invariance and response saturation, were demonstrated in simulations. We hypothesize that broadly tuned inhibition and local excitatory connections are sufficient for achieving this behavior.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An abstract model of a cortical hypercolumn","attachmentId":30689088,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2697513/An_abstract_model_of_a_cortical_hypercolumn","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2697513/An_abstract_model_of_a_cortical_hypercolumn"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="57678666" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57678666/On_the_development_and_functional_roles_of_the_layer_4_horizontal_connections_in_the_primary_visual_cortex">On the development and functional roles of the layer 4 horizontal connections in the primary visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6153979" href="https://mdh.academia.edu/httpswwwesmdhsestaff15Baran___uruklu">Baran Curuklu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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Long Receptive Fields in the Cat Visual Cortex","attachmentId":90905434,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86456236/The_Role_of_Horizontal_Connections_in_Generating_Long_Receptive_Fields_in_the_Cat_Visual_Cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86456236/The_Role_of_Horizontal_Connections_in_Generating_Long_Receptive_Fields_in_the_Cat_Visual_Cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="103085410" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title 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