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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>College of President and Vice-Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-College_of_President_and_Vice-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Senate (Netherlands)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer_van_die_Stategeneraal" title="Eerste Kamer van die Stategeneraal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eerste Kamer van die Stategeneraal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE_(%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7)" title="مجلس الشيوخ (هولندا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجلس الشيوخ (هولندا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senat_dels_Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Senat dels Països Baixos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Senat dels Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erste_Kammer_der_Generalstaaten" title="Erste Kammer der Generalstaaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erste Kammer der Generalstaaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senado_de_los_Estados_Generales" title="Senado de los Estados Generales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Senado de los Estados Generales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سنای هلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنای هلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Chambre_des_%C3%89tats_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux" title="Première Chambre des États généraux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Première Chambre des États généraux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earste_Keamer_fan_de_Steaten-Generaal" title="Earste Keamer fan de Steaten-Generaal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Earste Keamer fan de Steaten-Generaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_C%C3%A1mara_dos_Estados_Xerais_(Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos)" title="Primeira Cámara dos Estados Xerais (Países Baixos) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Primeira Cámara dos Estados Xerais (Países Baixos)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%83%81%EC%9B%90" title="네덜란드 상원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 상원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierste_Kamer" title="Ierste Kamer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ierste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szen%C3%A1tus_(Hollandia)" title="Szenátus (Hollandia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szenátus (Hollandia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer_der_Staten-Generaal" title="Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80)" title="第一院 (オランダ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一院 (オランダ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerste_Kamer" title="Eerste Kamer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eerste Kamer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primeira_C%C3%A2mara_(Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos)" title="Primeira Câmara (Países Baixos) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Primeira Câmara (Países Baixos)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Сенат Нидерландов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сенат Нидерландов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Senate (Netherlands)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senaatti_(Alankomaat)" title="Senaatti (Alankomaat) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Senaatti (Alankomaat)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalstaternas_f%C3%B6rsta_kammare" title="Generalstaternas första kammare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Generalstaternas första kammare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81)" title="செனட் (நெதர்லாந்து) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செனட் (நெதர்லாந்து)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollanda_Senatosu" title="Hollanda Senatosu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hollanda Senatosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%AAste_Kaemer" title="Eêste Kaemer – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Eêste Kaemer" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2" title="國會一院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國會一院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q59486#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Upper house of the States General</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Senate</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><small><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i></span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/225px-Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/300px-Logo_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="954" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">Upper house</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> <br />since 2 July 2019 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">First Vice President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Mei_Li_Vos" title="Mei Li Vos">Mei Li Vos</a>, <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a> <br />since 4 July 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><span class="nowrap">Second Vice</span> President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Robert Croll, <a href="/wiki/Farmer-Citizen_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer-Citizen Movement">BBB</a> <br />since 4 July 2023 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">75</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg/250px-Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg/375px-Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg/500px-Netherlands_Eerste_Kamer_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Schoof_cabinet" title="Schoof cabinet">Government</a> (30)</b><br /> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#94C11F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a> (16)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0A2CCA; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> (10)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#012758; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">PVV</a> (4)</li></ul> <p><b>Opposition (45)</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DC1F26; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL–PvdA</a> (14)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#007C5E; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">CDA</a> (6)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00AE41; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">D66</a> (5)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F60000; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">SP</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00A7EB; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">CU</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#006B2D; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">PvdD</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#242B57; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> (3)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#841818; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">FvD</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EA5B0B; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">SGP</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#582c83; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt</a> (2)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#92107D; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> (1)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CBBB9F; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">OPNL</a> (1)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect</a> <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2023 Dutch Senate election">30 May 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2027_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2027 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">May 2027</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg/260px-Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg/390px-Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg/520px-Plenaire_zaal_Eerste_Kamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="1179" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Plenary Hall of the Senate, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Binnenhof" title="Binnenhof">Binnenhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> (closed due to ongoing renovations)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg/220px-Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg/330px-Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg/440px-Kazernestraat_2023_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Kazernestraat 52 <br />(temporary)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid #cc0033; border-bottom: 2px solid #cc0033">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/">www<wbr />.eerstekamer<wbr />.nl</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59486#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Senate</b> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈeːrstə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaːmər<span class="wrap"> </span>dɛr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈstaːtə(ŋ)<span class="wrap"> </span>ɣeːnəˈraːl]</a></span>, literally "<b>First Chamber</b> of the States General", or simply <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Eerste Kamer</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈeːrstə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkaːmər]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/Nl-Eerste_Kamer.ogg\/Nl-Eerste_Kamer.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Eerste Kamer.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Nl-Eerste_Kamer.ogg/Nl-Eerste_Kamer.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Eerste_Kamer.ogg" title="File:Nl-Eerste Kamer.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; sometimes <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Senaat</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[səˈnaːt]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/Nl-senaat.ogg\/Nl-senaat.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-senaat.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Nl-senaat.ogg/Nl-senaat.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-senaat.ogg" title="File:Nl-senaat.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a>, the legislature of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve <a href="/wiki/States-Provincial" class="mw-redirect" title="States-Provincial">States-Provincial</a> and four <a href="/wiki/Electoral_colleges_for_the_Senate" title="Electoral colleges for the Senate">electoral colleges for the Senate</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> every four years, within three months of the provincial elections. All provinces and colleges have different <a href="/wiki/Weighted_voting" title="Weighted voting">electoral weight</a> depending on their population. </p><p>Members of the Senate tend to be veteran or part-time politicians at the national level, often having other roles. They receive an allowance which is about a quarter of the salary of the members of the lower house. Unlike the politically more significant <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a>, it meets only once a week. </p><p>It has the right to accept or reject legislative proposals but not to amend them or to initiate legislation. Directly after a bill has been passed by the House of Representatives, it is sent to the Senate and is submitted to a parliamentary committee. The committee decides whether the bill can be immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber or if there should first be preparatory study of the bill. If a bill is immediately put on the agenda of the full chamber, it is passed as a formality without a debate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although this body is called the "Senate" in English, this is not a direct translation of its official Dutch name, the "First Chamber of the States General" or, in short, the "First Chamber". Nevertheless, and in contrast to the Second Chamber, the name <i>Senaat</i> is also used often in the media. "Member of the First Chamber" (<i>Eerste Kamerlid</i>), "member of the Senate" (<i>senaatslid</i>) or "senator" (<i>senator</i>) are used, although the first one is the official and most used term. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Binnenhof,_The_Hague_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg/250px-Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg/375px-Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg/500px-Binnenhof%2C_The_Hague_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4886" data-file-height="3257" /></a><figcaption>Exterior of the Senate Building from the <a href="/wiki/Binnenhof" title="Binnenhof">Binnenhof</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg/250px-Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg/375px-Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg/500px-Binnenhof_-_Haag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Exterior of the Senate Building from the <a href="/wiki/Hofvijver" title="Hofvijver">Hofvijver</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first constitution of the modern Netherlands, passed in 1814, re-established a unicameral States General. As it became clear that the former <a href="/wiki/Southern_Netherlands" title="Southern Netherlands">Southern Netherlands</a> would be added to the new <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, a newly instituted constitutional commission was tasked with drafting a new constitution. The southern members of the constitutional commission pressed for a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> system because of the conviction that their nobility should be given a place in the legislature. While the northern members were not enthusiastic about the proposal, they agreed under the condition that nobility would not be a requirement for membership.<sup id="cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweekamerstelsel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new constitution, which came into effect on 24 August 1815, thus provided for a Senate consisting of forty to sixty members appointed by the king for life. The list of the first appointees was published on 16 September 1815 and the newly appointed chamber was first assembled on 21 September 1815 in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> in a joint assembly with the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-huygens_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huygens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its early years, the Senate functioned as a bulwark of the Crown (the king and his ministers). Its members, appointed by the king from among the "most significant of the country", were mostly confidants of the king who were often called upon to veto bills that displeased him. Such bills were usually private members' bills from the House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweekamerstelsel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Senate remained in existence after the independence of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> in 1830, although its membership was halved to no fewer than twenty and no more than thirty members.<sup id="cite_ref-huygens_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huygens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much changed in the political sphere as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Reform_of_1848" title="Constitutional Reform of 1848">Constitutional Reform of 1848</a>, which introduced direct elections for the House of Representatives, which until then had been elected by <a href="/wiki/Provincial_council_(Netherlands)" title="Provincial council (Netherlands)">provincial councils</a>. The constitutional commission, under the chairmanship of <a href="/wiki/Johan_Rudolph_Thorbecke" title="Johan Rudolph Thorbecke">Johan Rudolph Thorbecke</a>, intended for the Senate to be directly elected as well, but the predominantly conservative House of Representatives blocked this, fearing that the two chambers would be too similar. Additionally, senators were expected to judge bills with more independence and distance from daily politics, as a <i>chambre de reflection</i>, which was deemed impossible when they would be forced to campaign for direct election. </p><p>It was therefore decided that the Senate would henceforth be elected by provincial councils. Its 39 seats were distributed among the provinces <a href="/wiki/Degressive_proportionality" title="Degressive proportionality">degressively proportional</a> to population, and a third of its members would be elected for 9-year terms every three years using a majoritarian system.<sup id="cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiessystemen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of the Senate and the criteria governing eligibility to stand for election were also among the changes. Monitoring the quality of legislation gradually came to be the main function of the Senate after 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence and functioning of the Senate have been criticised throughout history, manifested in reports of state commissions, government proposals and private member's bills calling for reform or abolition of the Senate. Abolition of the Senate was attempted by social democrats and progressive liberals in 1903, and again after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, but these proposals could not count on sufficient support.<sup id="cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tweekamerstelsel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, reform came in 1922, five years after a constitutional amendment that introduced universal male suffrage and proportional representation to the House of Representatives. The constitutional amendment of 1922 brought proportional representation to the Senate as well. Rather than the seats being distributed among the provinces, the provinces were now organised into four groups of roughly equal population, each electing twelve or thirteen senators under party-list proportional representation. The term of senators was decreased to six years, with two of the four groups electing their senators every three years. The number of senators was increased from 50 to 75 in 1956, and the distribution of seats among groups of provinces was adapted to account for changes in population distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiessystemen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Senate was subjected to another reform in 1983. The term of senators was further reduced to four years, equal to that of Representatives. The system of groups of provinces and staggered elections was abolished in favour of quadrennial elections for the entire Senate in one nationwide constituency. The state commission which had paved the way for the constitutional reform had also recommended direct elections for the Senate, but the House of Representatives adopted a motion rejecting this proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several minor changes have since been adopted. In 2010, the possibility for party lists to enter into an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_alliance" title="Electoral alliance">electoral alliance</a> was abolished, and the number of preference votes needed for a candidate to be elected was increased from 50% to 100% of the quota.<sup id="cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiessystemen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the three electoral colleges for the Caribbean Netherlands was made possible by the constitutional amendment of 2017. The members of the Caribbean <a href="/wiki/Electoral_colleges_for_the_Senate" title="Electoral colleges for the Senate">electoral colleges</a> were elected for the first time on 20 March 2019. Citizens of <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> with Dutch nationality are entitled to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-RCN3119_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCN3119-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of a non-resident electoral college was made possible by the 2022 constitutional amendment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_and_composition">Elections and composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elections and composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eligibility">Eligibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Eligibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Any Dutch citizen aged 18 years or older who is qualified to vote can stand for election in either house of the States General. However, no one can simultaneously sit as a member in both houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Eerste_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eerste-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics">Politics series</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-top:1px #fafafa solid; border-bottom:1px #fafafa solid; background:#efefef; background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); padding:0.2em;"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/150px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/225px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/300px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Netherlands" title="Constitution of the Netherlands">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Charter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wet_Algemene_Bepalingen" title="Wet Algemene Bepalingen">Wet Algemene Bepalingen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" title="Human rights in the Netherlands">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">King</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands">Council of Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_(Netherlands)" title="Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)">Ministers Plenipotentiary</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Aruba" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Aruba">Aruba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_Plenipotentiary_of_Sint_Maarten" title="Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten">St. Maarten</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cabinet of the Netherlands">Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Netherlands">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Dick Schoof</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Deputy Prime Ministers</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Agema" title="Fleur Agema">Fleur Agema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Hermans" title="Sophie Hermans">Sophie Hermans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eddy_van_Hijum" title="Eddy van Hijum">Eddy van Hijum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mona_Keijzer" title="Mona Keijzer">Mona Keijzer</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_the_Netherlands" title="Ministries of the Netherlands">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bosma" title="Martin Bosma">Martin Bosma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="List of members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">Current membership</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands">Historic composition</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_committee_of_the_Dutch_parliament" title="Parliamentary committee of the Dutch parliament">Parliamentary committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_the_Netherlands" title="Judiciary of the Netherlands">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Netherlands" title="Supreme Court of the Netherlands">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Council_of_State_(Netherlands)" title="High Council of State (Netherlands)">High Councils of State</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Council of State">Council of State</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Court_of_Audit" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands Court of Audit">Court of Audit</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/National_Ombudsman" title="National Ombudsman">National Ombudsman</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2017_Dutch_general_election" title="2017 Dutch general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_general_election" title="2021 Dutch general election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_general_election" title="2023 Dutch general election">2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Dutch_general_election" title="Next Dutch general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Provincial: <a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2011 Dutch provincial elections">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2015 Dutch provincial elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2019 Dutch provincial elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_provincial_elections" title="2023 Dutch provincial elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Municipal: <a href="/wiki/2010_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2010 Dutch municipal elections">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2014 Dutch municipal elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2018 Dutch municipal elections">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Dutch_municipal_elections" title="2022 Dutch municipal elections">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>European: <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2009 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2014 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2019 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_the_Netherlands" title="2024 European Parliament election in the Netherlands">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_Netherlands" title="Referendums in the Netherlands">Referendums</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/2005_Dutch_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Dutch European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dutch_Ukraine%E2%80%93European_Union_Association_Agreement_referendum" title="2016 Dutch Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement referendum">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dutch_Intelligence_and_Security_Services_Act_referendum" title="2018 Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act referendum">2018</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of political parties in the Netherlands">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dutch_politicians" title="Category:Dutch politicians">Politicians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Local government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Provincial politics in the Netherlands">Provincial politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_board_(Netherlands)" title="Water board (Netherlands)">Water boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_politics_in_the_Netherlands" title="Municipal politics in the Netherlands">Municipal politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BES_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="BES islands">BES islands</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Netherlands)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Veldkamp" title="Caspar Veldkamp">Caspar Veldkamp</a><hr /></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Netherlands">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands">in the Netherlands</a><hr /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_passport" title="Dutch passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Dutch_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Dutch citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Schengen_Area" title="Visa policy of the Schengen Area">Visa policy of the Schengen Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_in_the_Caribbean" title="Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean">Visa policy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000); text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Netherlands" title="Corruption in the Netherlands">Corruption in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Nederlandsche_Bank" title="De Nederlandsche Bank">De Nederlandsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" title="Law of the Netherlands">Law of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Republicanism in the Netherlands">Republicanism in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_and_Economic_Council" title="Social and Economic Council">Social and Economic Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;background: var(--background-color-interactive, #efefef); color: var(--color-base, #000);"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 75 senators are elected every four years by the members of the <a href="/wiki/States-Provincial" class="mw-redirect" title="States-Provincial">States-Provincial</a> of the country's twelve provinces and (since 2019) by <a href="/wiki/Electoral_colleges_for_the_Senate" title="Electoral colleges for the Senate">electoral colleges</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> and Dutch expatriates. The seats are distributed in one nationwide constituency using <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a>. Remainder seats are distributed using the <a href="/wiki/Highest_averages_method" title="Highest averages method">highest averages method</a>. The weight of a member's vote is determined by the population of the province in which the voter is a member of the States-Provincial, at a ratio of approximately 1 vote per 100 residents. The table below shows the weight of members' votes per province as of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2019 Dutch Senate election">2019 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Province/Special municipality </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Members </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Population<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Votes </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Value per member </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Holland" title="South Holland">South Holland</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>3,674,146 </td> <td>36,740 </td> <td>668 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Holland" title="North Holland">North Holland</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>2,853,488 </td> <td>29,095 </td> <td>519 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Brabant" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>2,544,995 </td> <td>25,465 </td> <td>463 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>2,071,913 </td> <td>20,735 </td> <td>377 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_(province)" title="Utrecht (province)">Utrecht</a> </td> <td>49 </td> <td>1,342,194 </td> <td>13,426 </td> <td>274 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a> </td> <td>47 </td> <td>1,156,373 </td> <td>11,562 </td> <td>246 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> </td> <td>47 </td> <td>1,116,127 </td> <td>11,139 </td> <td>237 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Friesland" title="Friesland">Friesland</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>647,740 </td> <td>6,493 </td> <td>151 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Groningen_(province)" title="Groningen (province)">Groningen</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>584,094 </td> <td>5,848 </td> <td>136 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drenthe" title="Drenthe">Drenthe</a> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>492,179 </td> <td>4,920 </td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flevoland" title="Flevoland">Flevoland</a> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>416,431 </td> <td>4,182 </td> <td>102 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zeeland" title="Zeeland">Zeeland</a> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>383,073 </td> <td>3,822 </td> <td>98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>20,104 </td> <td>198 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3,138 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1,915 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parliamentary_groups">Parliamentary groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parliamentary groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Group </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #94C11F;" data-sort-value="Farmer–Citizen Movement"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilona_Lagas" title="Ilona Lagas">Ilona Lagas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#94C11F; width: 21.333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">16 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DC1F26;" data-sort-value="GroenLinks–PvdA"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GroenLinks–PvdA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rosenm%C3%B6ller" title="Paul Rosenmöller">Paul Rosenmöller</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#DC1F26; width: 18.666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">14 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#0A2CCA;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Edith Schippers</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#0A2CCA; width: 13.333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">10 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#2CC84D;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bovens" title="Theo Bovens">Theo Bovens</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#2CC84D; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">6 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00AE41;" data-sort-value="Democrats 66"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Paul van Meenen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00AE41; width: 6.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">5 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #012758;" data-sort-value="Party for Freedom"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_van_Hattem" title="Alexander van Hattem">Alexander van Hattem</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#012758; width: 5.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">4 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #006B2D;" data-sort-value="Party for the Animals"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niko_Koffeman" title="Niko Koffeman">Niko Koffeman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#006B2D; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #242B57;" data-sort-value="JA21"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Annabel_Nanninga" title="Annabel Nanninga">Annabel Nanninga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#242B57; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #F60000;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Netherlands)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Kox" title="Tiny Kox">Tiny Kox</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#F60000; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00A7EB;" data-sort-value="Christian Union (Netherlands)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tineke_Huizinga" title="Tineke Huizinga">Tineke Huizinga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#00A7EB; width: 4%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">3 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #841818;" data-sort-value="Forum for Democracy"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johan_Dessing" title="Johan Dessing">Johan Dessing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#841818; width: 2.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #582c83;" data-sort-value="Volt Netherlands"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaby_Perin-Gopie" title="Gaby Perin-Gopie">Gaby Perin-Gopie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#582c83; width: 2.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #EA5B0B;" data-sort-value="Reformed Political Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schalk" title="Peter Schalk">Peter Schalk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#EA5B0B; width: 2.6666666666667%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">2 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #92107D;" data-sort-value="50PLUS"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Rooijen" title="Martin van Rooijen">Martin van Rooijen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#92107D; width: 1.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">1 / 75</span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CBBB9F;" data-sort-value="Independent Politics Netherlands"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Auke_van_der_Goot" title="Auke van der Goot">Auke van der Goot</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"><div role="img" class="nowrap" style="display: inline-block; position: relative; vertical-align: top; width: 100px; text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;"><div style="position: absolute; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-color: #f0f0f0;"><div style="background-color:#CBBB9F; width: 1.3333333333333%; height: 100%;"></div></div><span style="position: relative; margin: 0 0.3em;">1 / 75</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="College_of_President_and_Vice-Presidents">College of President and Vice-Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: College of President and Vice-Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The College of President and Vice-Presidents is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Senate. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">president of the Senate</a> and two vice-presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th colspan="2">Group </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">since 2 July 2019</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_(2021)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn"><img alt="Jan Anthonie Bruijn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn_%282021%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Jan Anthonie Bruijn</a> <br /> <small>(born 1958)</small> </td> <td style="background:#0A2CCA;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">VVD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Vice-President <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">since 4 July 2023</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mei_Li_Vos_2022_(52159856693)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mei Li Vos"><img alt="Mei Li Vos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Mei_Li_Vos_2022_%2852159856693%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2259" data-file-height="3013" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mei_Li_Vos" title="Mei Li Vos">Mei Li Vos</a> <br /> <small>(born 1970)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DC1F26;" data-sort-value="GroenLinks–PvdA"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93PvdA" title="GroenLinks–PvdA">GL/PvdA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Vice-President <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">since 4 July 2023</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blanco_portrait.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Croll"><img alt="Robert Croll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Blanco_portrait.svg/120px-Blanco_portrait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Blanco_portrait.svg/180px-Blanco_portrait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Blanco_portrait.svg/240px-Blanco_portrait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Croll_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Croll (politician) (page does not exist)">Robert Croll</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Croll" class="extiw" title="nl:Robert Croll">nl</a>]</span> <br /> <small>(born 1954)</small> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #94C11F;" data-sort-value="Farmer–Citizen Movement"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">BBB</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_composition">Historic composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Historic composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;font-size:95%"> <caption>Party breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a> after the 2023 indirect elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parties </th> <th>Seats 2023 </th> <th>Seats 2019 </th> <th>Seats 2015 </th> <th>Seats 2011 </th> <th>Seats 2007 </th> <th>Seats 2003 </th> <th>Seats 1999 </th> <th>Seats 1995 </th> <th>Seats 1991 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> (BBB) </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Democracy</a> (VVD) </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/GreenLeft" class="mw-redirect" title="GreenLeft">GreenLeft</a> (GL) </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">Labour Party</a> (PvdA) </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> (CDA) </td> <td>6 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> (D66) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> (PVV) </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> (PvdD) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> (SP) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> (CU) </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2* </td> <td>2* </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy_(Netherlands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum for Democracy (Netherlands)">Forum for Democracy</a> (FVD) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>12 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> (Volt) </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Political_Reformed_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Reformed Party">Political Reformed Party</a> (SGP) </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> (50+) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a> (OPNL) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn_List" title="Pim Fortuyn List">Pim Fortuyn List</a> (LPF) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/General_Elderly_Alliance" title="General Elderly Alliance">General Elderly Alliance</a> (AOV) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th> <th width="30" style="text-align:right">75 </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>* <a href="/wiki/Reformatory_Political_Federation" title="Reformatory Political Federation">Reformatory Political Federation</a> (RPF) and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_League" title="Reformed Political League">Reformed Political League</a> (GPV)</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="List of presidents of the Senate (Netherlands)">List of presidents of the Senate (Netherlands)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three for the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> and one for Dutch expatriates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population figures: 1 January 2019</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tweekamerstelsel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tweekamerstelsel_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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(in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlement+%26+Politiek&rft.atitle=Tweekamerstelsel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrpmxvt%2Ftweekamerstelsel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/begrip/geschiedenis_eerste_kamer">"Geschiedenis Eerste Kamer"</a>. <i>Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eerste+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal&rft.atitle=Geschiedenis+Eerste+Kamer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fbegrip%2Fgeschiedenis_eerste_kamer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huygens-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-huygens_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-huygens_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/repertoriumambtsdragersambtenaren1428-1861/app/instellingen/4/">"Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal (1815-1861)"</a>. <i>Huygens Instituut</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huygens+Instituut&rft.atitle=Eerste+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal+%281815-1861%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.huygens.knaw.nl%2Frepertoriumambtsdragersambtenaren1428-1861%2Fapp%2Finstellingen%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiessystemen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiessystemen_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vhnnmt7mlkw5/geschiedenis_kiesstelsel_eerste_kamer">"Geschiedenis kiesstelsel Eerste Kamer"</a>. <i>Parlement & Politiek</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlement+%26+Politiek&rft.atitle=Geschiedenis+kiesstelsel+Eerste+Kamer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvhnnmt7mlkw5%2Fgeschiedenis_kiesstelsel_eerste_kamer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eerstekamer.nl/begrip/english_2">"English"</a>. <i>Eerste Kamer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eerste+Kamer&rft.atitle=English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fbegrip%2Fenglish_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrqlywz/staatscommissie_cals_donner">"Staatscommissie-Cals/Donner"</a>. <i>Parlement.com</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parlement.com&rft.atitle=Staatscommissie-Cals%2FDonner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvh8lnhrqlywz%2Fstaatscommissie_cals_donner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCN3119-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RCN3119_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/over-de-rijksdienst-caribisch-nederland/documenten/brochures/rcn/qas-kiescollege/2019/qas-kiescollege-2019">Q&A's kiescollege 2019</a>, Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland 3 januari 2019, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/wetsvoorstel/36071_wet_kiescollege_niet">"Wet kiescollege niet-ingezetenen (36.071)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wet+kiescollege+niet-ingezetenen+%2836.071%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fwetsvoorstel%2F36071_wet_kiescollege_niet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eerste-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eerste_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/begrip/het_lidmaatschap_van_de_eerste">"Het lidmaatschap van de Eerste Kamer -"</a>. <i>Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eerste+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal&rft.atitle=Het+lidmaatschap+van+de+Eerste+Kamer+-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fbegrip%2Fhet_lidmaatschap_van_de_eerste&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kiesraad.nl/verkiezingen/eerste-kamer">"Eerste Kamer"</a>. <i>Kiesraad.nl</i> (in Dutch). 20 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kiesraad.nl&rft.atitle=Eerste+Kamer&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiesraad.nl%2Fverkiezingen%2Feerste-kamer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/commissies/cvo">"College van Voorzitter en Ondervoorzitters"</a>. <i>Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eerste+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal&rft.atitle=College+van+Voorzitter+en+Ondervoorzitters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fcommissies%2Fcvo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eerstekamer.nl/nieuws/20230704/vos_en_croll_gekozen_tot">"Vos en Croll gekozen tot Ondervoorzitters"</a>. <i>Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal</i> (in Dutch). 4 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eerste+Kamer+der+Staten-Generaal&rft.atitle=Vos+en+Croll+gekozen+tot+Ondervoorzitters&rft.date=2023-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eerstekamer.nl%2Fnieuws%2F20230704%2Fvos_en_croll_gekozen_tot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Netherlands%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Netherlands)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_(2023–2027)2174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Template talk:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands_(2023–2027)2174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%932027" title="List of members of the Senate of the Netherlands, 2023–2027">Members of the Senate of the Netherlands (2023–2027)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a></b> <br /> 13 June 2023 – present</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Citizen_Movement" title="Farmer–Citizen Movement">Farmer–Citizen Movement</a> <br /> (BBB – 16)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ilona_Lagas" title="Ilona Lagas">Lagas</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Croll_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Croll (politician) (page does not exist)">Croll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_van_Gasteren" title="Robert van Gasteren">Van Gasteren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Math_Goossen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Math Goossen (page does not exist)">Goossen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arie_Griffioen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arie Griffioen (page does not exist)">Griffioen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_Heijnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène Heijnen (page does not exist)">Heijnen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wim_Jaspers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wim Jaspers (page does not exist)">Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Kemperman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Kemperman (page does not exist)">Kemperman</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Klopman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Klopman (page does not exist)">Klopman</a>›</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frans_van_Knapen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frans van Knapen (page does not exist)">Van Knapen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bart_Kroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bart Kroon (page does not exist)">Kroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_van_Langen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea van Langen (page does not exist)">Van Langen-Visbeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbert_Lievense" title="Robbert Lievense">Lievense</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henk_Marquart_Scholtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henk Marquart Scholtz (page does not exist)">Marquart Scholtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert-Jan_Oplaat" title="Gert-Jan Oplaat">Oplaat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekke_Panman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekke Panman (page does not exist)">Panman</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Pim_Walenkamp" title="Pim Walenkamp">Walenkamp</a>›</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elly_van_Wijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elly van Wijk (page does not exist)">Van Wijk</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Eerste_Kamer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks%E2%80%93Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="GroenLinks–Labour Party">GroenLinks–Labour Party</a> <br /> (GL–PvdA – 14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rosenm%C3%B6ller" title="Paul Rosenmöller">Rosenmöller</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferd_Crone" title="Ferd Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Fiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Fiers (page does not exist)">Fiers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roel_van_Gurp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roel van Gurp (page does not exist)">Van Gurp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hetty_Janssen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hetty Janssen (page does not exist)">Janssen-van Helvoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah_Karimi" title="Farah Karimi">Karimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskia_Kluit" title="Saskia Kluit">Kluit-Sledsens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Randy_Martens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randy Martens (page does not exist)">Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artie_Ramsodit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artie Ramsodit (page does not exist)">Ramsodit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroen_Recourt" title="Jeroen Recourt">Recourt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daan_Roovers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daan Roovers (page does not exist)">Roovers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noortje_Thijssen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noortje Thijssen (page does not exist)">Thijssen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gala_Veldhoen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gala Veldhoen (page does not exist)">Veldhoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mei_Li_Vos" title="Mei Li Vos">Vos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Freedom and Democracy">People's Party for Freedom and Dem.</a> <br /> (VVD – 10)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanja_Klip-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanja Klip-Martin (page does not exist)">Klip-Martin</a></b></li> <li>‹<b><a href="/wiki/Edith_Schippers" title="Edith Schippers">Schippers</a></b>›</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pim_van_Ballekom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pim van Ballekom (page does not exist)">Van Ballekom</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Caspar_van_den_Berg" title="Caspar van den Berg">Van den Berg</a>›</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jan_Anthonie_Bruijn" title="Jan Anthonie Bruijn">Bruijn</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulien_Geerdink" title="Paulien Geerdink">Geerdink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Kaljouw" title="Marian Kaljouw">Kaljouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjolein_van_der_Linden" title="Marjolein van der Linden">Van der Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henk_Jan_Meijer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henk Jan Meijer (page does not exist)">Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koen_Petersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koen Petersen (page does not exist)">Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cees_van_de_Sanden" title="Cees van de Sanden">Van de Sanden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rian_Vogels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rian Vogels (page does not exist)">Vogels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Appeal" title="Christian Democratic Appeal">Christian Democratic Appeal</a> <br /> (CDA – 6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Theo_Bovens" title="Theo Bovens">Bovens</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janny_Bakker-Klein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janny Bakker-Klein (page does not exist)">Bakker-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Doornhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Doornhof (page does not exist)">Doornhof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greet_Prins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greet Prins (page does not exist)">Prins-Modderaar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theo_Rietkerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theo Rietkerk (page does not exist)">Rietkerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_van_Toorenburg" title="Madeleine van Toorenburg">Van Toorenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democrats_66" title="Democrats 66">Democrats 66</a> <br /> (D66 – 5)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Paul_van_Meenen" title="Paul van Meenen">Van Meenen</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willemijn_Aerdts" title="Willemijn Aerdts">Aerdts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fatimazhra_Belhirch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fatimazhra Belhirch (page does not exist)">Belhirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Dittrich" title="Boris Dittrich">Dittrich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carla_Moonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carla Moonen (page does not exist)">Moonen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> <br /> (PVV – 4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Alexander_van_Hattem" title="Alexander van Hattem">Van Hattem</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilse_Bezaan" title="Ilse Bezaan">Bezaan</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Marjolein_Faber" title="Marjolein Faber">Faber-van de Klashorst</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton_van_Kesteren" title="Ton van Kesteren">Van Kesteren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gom_van_Strien" title="Gom van Strien">Van Strien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_the_Animals" title="Party for the Animals">Party for the Animals</a> <br /> (PvdD – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Niko_Koffeman" title="Niko Koffeman">Koffeman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicola%C3%AF" title="Peter Nicolaï">Nicolaï</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_Visseren-Hamakers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers (page does not exist)">Visseren-Hamakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JA21" title="JA21">JA21</a> <br /> (JA21 – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Annabel_Nanninga" title="Annabel Nanninga">Nanninga</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Baumgarten" title="Ruben Baumgarten">Baumgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karin_van_Bijsterveld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karin van Bijsterveld (page does not exist)">Van Bijsterveld</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Socialist Party (Netherlands)">Socialist Party</a> <br /> (SP – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rik_Janssen" title="Rik Janssen">Janssen</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lies_van_Aelst" title="Lies van Aelst">Van Aelst-den Uijl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bastiaan_van_Apeldoorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bastiaan van Apeldoorn (page does not exist)">Van Apeldoorn</a></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Tiny_Kox" title="Tiny Kox">Kox</a>›</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Netherlands)" title="Christian Union (Netherlands)">Christian Union</a> <br /> (SP – 3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tineke_Huizinga" title="Tineke Huizinga">Huizinga-Heringa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Holterhues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Holterhues (page does not exist)">Holterhues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik-Jan_Talsma" title="Hendrik-Jan Talsma">Talsma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a> <br /> (FvD – 2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Johan_Dessing" title="Johan Dessing">Dessing</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joris_van_den_Oetelaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joris van den Oetelaar (page does not exist)">Van den Oetelaar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Netherlands" title="Volt Netherlands">Volt Netherlands</a> <br /> (Volt – 2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gaby_Perin-Gopie" title="Gaby Perin-Gopie">Perin-Gopie</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Hartog" title="Eddy Hartog">Hartog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Political_Party" title="Reformed Political Party">Reformed Political Party</a> <br /> (SGP – 2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schalk" title="Peter Schalk">Schalk</a></b></li> <li>‹<a href="/wiki/Diederik_van_Dijk" title="Diederik van Dijk">Van Dijk</a>›</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_de_Vries" title="Marc de Vries">De Vries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/50PLUS" title="50PLUS">50PLUS</a> <br /> (50+ – 1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Rooijen" title="Martin van Rooijen">Van Rooijen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Politics_Netherlands" title="Independent Politics Netherlands">Independent Politics Netherlands</a> <br /> (OPNL – 1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Auke_van_der_Goot" title="Auke van der Goot">Van der Goot</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> <b>Bold</b> </span> indicates the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_leader" title="Parliamentary leader">parliamentary leader</a> (first mentioned) and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Netherlands)" title="President of the Senate (Netherlands)">President</a>; <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> (Brackets) </span> indicate a temporarily absent member; <br /> <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> <i>Italics</i> </span> indicate a temporary member; <span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid #A2A9B1;"> ‹Guillemets› </span> indicate a member who has left the Senate <br /> <b>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2017%E2%80%932021" title="Template:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2017–2021">Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2021–2023</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands,_2023%E2%80%93present" title="Template:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2023–present">2023–present</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_Senate_elections80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_Senate_elections" title="Template:Dutch Senate elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_Senate_elections" title="Template talk:Dutch Senate elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_Senate_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch Senate elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_Senate_elections80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historic_composition_of_the_Senate_of_the_Netherlands" title="Historic composition of the Senate of the Netherlands">Dutch Senate elections</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1983_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1983 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1987_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1987 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_Dutch_Senate_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 Dutch Senate election (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2003 Dutch Senate election">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2007 Dutch Senate election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2011 Dutch Senate election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2015 Dutch Senate election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2019 Dutch Senate election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dutch_Senate_election" title="2023 Dutch Senate election">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_upper_houses" title="Template talk:National upper houses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper houses</a> of national <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Senate" title="Argentine Senate">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Austria)" title="Federal Council (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(South_Sudan)" title="Council of States (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Sudan)" title="Council of States (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nation" title="Council of the Nation">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#Senate" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Council_(Bahrain)" title="Consultative Council (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Barbados" title="Senate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(Belarus)" title="Council of the Republic (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Senators_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)" title="Senate (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Chad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Chad)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Senate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Senate (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Grenada)" title="Senate (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Ivory_Coast)" title="Senate (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica#Senate" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">Japan (post-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Jordan)" title="Senate (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kenya" title="Senate of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Lesotho" title="Senate of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Liberia" title="Senate of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Madagascar)" title="Senate (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Morocco)" title="House of Councillors (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyotha_Hluttaw" title="Amyotha Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Oman)" title="Council of State (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Palau" title="Senate of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Paraguay" title="Senate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Rwanda)" title="Senate (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Senate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovenia)" title="National Council (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tajikistan" title="National Assembly of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Regions_and_Districts" title="National Council of Regions and Districts">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay" title="Senate of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Senate of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)" title="Shura Council (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Zimbabwe" title="Senate of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bermuda" title="Senate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Afghanistan)" title="House of Elders (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Austria)" title="House of Lords (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(British_Guiana)" title="Senate (British Guiana)">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Nationalities" title="Chamber of Nationalities">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Ceylon" title="Senate of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Costa_Rican_legislature#Senate_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Costa Rican legislature">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament#Chamber_of_Counties" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Cuba" title="Congress of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstinget">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Council" title="Conservative Council">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_States" title="Chamber of States">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Parliament_of_Ethiopia" title="Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Senate" title="Greek Senate">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Magnates" title="House of Magnates">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iran" title="Senate of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iraq" title="Senate of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Japan (pre-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya#Senate" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Maldives" title="Senate of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malta" title="Senate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mauritania" title="Senate of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#Senate" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Portugal)" title="Senate (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> 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href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Venezuela" title="Senate of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Weimar Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">List of abolished upper houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" 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