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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_inhabitants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_inhabitants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Original inhabitants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_inhabitants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Spanish period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dutch_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dutch period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dutch_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Emancipation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emancipation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Emancipation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emancipation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Environmental initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Washington Slagbaai National Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonaire_National_Marine_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonaire_National_Marine_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Bonaire National Marine Park</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonaire_National_Marine_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klein_Bonaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klein_Bonaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Klein Bonaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klein_Bonaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lac_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lac_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Lac Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lac_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pekelmeer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pekelmeer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Pekelmeer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pekelmeer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salt_pans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salt_pans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Salt pans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salt_pans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>Caves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Island_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Island_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Island Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Island_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2010 referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_Institution_and_Prison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_Institution_and_Prison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Judicial Institution and Prison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_Institution_and_Prison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Taxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salt_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salt_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Salt production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salt_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil_storage_and_shipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_storage_and_shipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Oil storage and shipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_storage_and_shipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plantations_and_plantation_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plantations_and_plantation_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Plantations and plantation houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plantations_and_plantation_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_population_centres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_population_centres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Main population centres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_population_centres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_and_newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_and_newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Internet and newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_and_newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bonaire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بونير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بونير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boneyr" title="Boneyr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Boneyr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Банайрэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Банайрэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бонер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бонер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire_(pulo_ug_munisipyo_espesyal)" title="Bonaire (pulo ug munisipyo espesyal) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bonaire (pulo ug munisipyo espesyal)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Μποναίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μποναίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonero" title="Bonero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bonero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بونیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بونیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon%C3%AAre" title="Bonêre – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bonêre" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%84%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%84%AC" title="보네르섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보네르섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5" title="Բոնեյրե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոնեյրե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="बोनेयर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोनेयर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="בונייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בונייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბონეირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბონეირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%80" title="Бонэйр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бонэйр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Boni_A%C3%ABris" title="Insula Boni Aëris – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insula Boni Aëris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boneras" title="Boneras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Boneras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Boneiru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бонер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бонер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="بونير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بونير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="ボネール島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボネール島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonayre" title="Bonayre – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bonayre" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬੋਨੇਅਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਨੇਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بونایر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بونایر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boneiru" title="Boneiru – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Boneiru" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бонайре – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бонайре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бонер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бонер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon%C3%A9re" title="Bonére – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bonére" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பொனெய்ர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொனெய்ர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%82%84%E1%80%B8" title="ပႃႇၼႄး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပႃႇၼႄး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD" title="โบแนเรอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบแนเรอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8E%BE%E1%8E%B5" title="ᏉᎾᎵ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᎾᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бонайре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бонайре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بونایر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بونایر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博奈尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="博奈爾島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="博奈爾島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bonaire" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博奈尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25396#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bonaire&params=12_9_N_68_16_W_type:city_region:NL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°9′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.150°N 68.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.150; -68.267</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch Caribbean island</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Caribbean island. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bonaire (disambiguation)">Bonaire (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Special municipality of the Netherlands in Caribbean Netherlands</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bonaire</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Papiamento-language text"><i lang="pap">Boneiru</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Papiamento_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiamento language">Papiamento</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Special municipality</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bonaire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bonaire"><img alt="Flag of Bonaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/125px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/188px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bonaire" title="Flag of Bonaire">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_wapen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bonaire"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bonaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bonaire_wapen.svg/61px-Bonaire_wapen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="61" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bonaire_wapen.svg/92px-Bonaire_wapen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bonaire_wapen.svg/123px-Bonaire_wapen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="751" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bonaire" title="Coat of arms of Bonaire">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Tera_di_Solo_y_suave_biento" title="Tera di Solo y suave biento">Tera di Solo y suave biento</a>"<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="105" data-mwtitle="Teradisoloisuavebiento.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Teradisoloisuavebiento.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Teradisoloisuavebiento.ogg/Teradisoloisuavebiento.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_in_its_region.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Bonaire (circled in red) in the Caribbean"><img alt="Location of Bonaire (circled in red) in the Caribbean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bonaire_in_its_region.svg/250px-Bonaire_in_its_region.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bonaire_in_its_region.svg/375px-Bonaire_in_its_region.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bonaire_in_its_region.svg/500px-Bonaire_in_its_region.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="197" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Bonaire (circled in red)<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></p></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bonaire&params=12_9_N_68_16_W_type:city_region:NL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°9′N</span> <span class="longitude">68°16′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.150°N 68.267°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.150; -68.267</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Overseas region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated into the Netherlands</th><td class="infobox-data">10 October 2010 (<a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles">dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<br />(and largest city)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (see <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Netherlands" title="Politics of the Netherlands">Politics of the Netherlands</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor" title="Lieutenant governor">Lt. Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Soliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Soliano (page does not exist)">John Soliano</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Rjik_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rjik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">288 km<sup>2</sup> (111 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-OpenData_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenData-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24,090<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">83.6/km<sup>2</sup> (217/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Bonairean</li><li>Dutch</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Papiamentu" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiamentu">Papiamentu</a><sup id="cite_ref-languages_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> • <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4:00">UTC−4:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Standard Time">AST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone numbers in Bonaire">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B599" class="mw-redirect" title="+599">+599-7</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BQ" title="ISO 3166-2:BQ">BQ-BO</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:NL" title="ISO 3166-2:NL">NL-BQ1</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/US_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="US Dollar">US Dollar</a></span> ($) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.nl" title=".nl">.nl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.bq" title=".bq">.bq</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bonaire</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">bon-<span style="font-size:90%">AIR</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[boːˈnɛːr(ə)]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/80\/Nl-Bonaire.ogg\/Nl-Bonaire.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Bonaire.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Nl-Bonaire.ogg/Nl-Bonaire.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Bonaire.ogg" title="File:Nl-Bonaire.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Papiamento_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Papiamento language">Papiamento</a>: <i lang="pap">Boneiru</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pap-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[bʊˈne̝i̯ru]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> island in the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a>, and is a <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">special municipality</a> (officially <a href="/wiki/Public_body_(Netherlands)" title="Public body (Netherlands)">"public body"</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Its capital is the port of <a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a>, on the west (<a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward</a>) coast of the island. <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, Bonaire and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> form the <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC islands</a>, 80 km (50 miles) off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have an arid climate that attracts visitors seeking warm, sunny weather all year round, and they lie outside the <a href="/wiki/Main_Development_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Development Region">Main Development Region</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclones</a>. Bonaire is a popular snorkeling and <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> destination because of its multiple shore diving sites, shipwrecks and easy access to the island's <a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">fringing reefs</a>. </p><p>As of 1 January 2023, the island's population totaled 24,090 permanent residents,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an increase of over 7,500 (or 45.6%) since 2012. The island's total land area is 288 square kilometres (111 sq mi);<sup id="cite_ref-Rjik_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rjik-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is 38.6 kilometres (24.0 mi) long from north to south, and ranges from 5–8 km (3–5 mi) wide from east to west. A short 800 metres (0.50 mi) west of Bonaire across the sea is the uninhabited islet of <a href="/wiki/Klein_Bonaire" title="Klein Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</a> with a total land area of 6 km<sup>2</sup> (2.3 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-:9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klein Bonaire has low-growing vegetation including cactus (<a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamentu</a>: <i>kadushi</i>), with sparse palm trees near the water and is bordered by white sandy beaches and a fringing reef. The reefs, beaches and on-island reserves located on both Bonaire and Klein Bonaire are under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_National_Marine_Park" title="Bonaire National Marine Park">Bonaire National Marine Park</a>, and managed by <a href="/wiki/STINAPA_Bonaire" title="STINAPA Bonaire">STINAPA Bonaire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire was part of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> until <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles">the country's dissolution</a> in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-NoS_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NoS-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the island became a <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">special municipality</a> (officially, a "<a href="/wiki/Public_body_(Netherlands)" title="Public body (Netherlands)">Caribbean public body</a>") within the country of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WOLBES_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOLBES-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of three special municipalities in the Caribbean; the others are <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WOLBES_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOLBES-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 80% of Bonaire's inhabitants are Dutch nationals, and nearly 60% of its residents were born in the former Netherlands Antilles and Aruba.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name 'Bonaire' is thought to be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Caquetio_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Caquetio language">Caquetio</a> word '<i>Bonay</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>, meaning 'low country'. The early Spanish and Dutch modified its spelling to <i>Bojnaj</i> and also <i>Bonaire</i>. French influence, while present at various times, was never strong enough to make the assumption that the name means 'good air'.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to another theory, the name might be derived from the Spanish phrase "buen aire", which does mean 'good air', as the Spanish were the first Europeans to colonise the island.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM,_BONAIRE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/220px-RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/330px-RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/440px-RINCON_OPEN_AIR_MUSEUM%2C_BONAIRE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Traditional old houses with <a href="/wiki/Cactus_fence" title="Cactus fence">cactus fences</a>, preserved in the outdoor museum of <a href="/wiki/Rincon,_Bonaire" title="Rincon, Bonaire">Rincon, Bonaire</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_inhabitants">Original inhabitants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Original inhabitants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most accurate human remains on the islands, dating from 4500 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a> (2550 BC), were found in Curaçao. On different islands the most accurate are 4000 BP (2050 BC) in Aruba and 3300 BP (1350 BC) in Bonaire. These individuals are currently called by the term Archaic Indians. The Caquetío (Arawak) Indians, a clan of the Arawak language family, arrived at the islands from South America around 500 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archeological remains of the Caquetio culture have been found at certain sites northeast of Kralendijk and near <a href="/wiki/Lac_Bay" title="Lac Bay">Lac Bay</a>. Caquetio rock paintings and <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a> have been preserved in caves at Spelonk, Onima, Ceru Pungi and Ceru Crita-Cabai.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="primary or secondary source needed (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Caquetios were apparently a very tall people, for the Spanish name for the <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC islands</a> was '<i>las Islas de los Gigantes</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> or 'the islands of the giants'.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_period">Spanish period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spanish period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a></div> <p>In 1499, <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and a neighbouring island that was almost certainly Bonaire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ojeda was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> De La Cosa's <a href="/wiki/Mappa_Mundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappa Mundi">Mappa Mundi</a> of 1500 shows Bonaire and calls it <i>Isla do Palo Brasil</i> or "Island of <a href="/wiki/Brazilwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilwood">Brazilwood</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Spanish decided that the three <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC Islands</a> were useless because they did not have known metal deposits, and in 1515 the Caquetío were enslaved to work in the copper mines of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>; the total number may have been between 500 and 2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Lopez_1996_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lopez_1996-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Helm_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spain colonized Bonaire since 1499 for a period of approximately one century. Likewise, one of the oldest references to the name of the island is found in the archive of the Main Public Registry of the city of Caracas (Venezuela). A document dated December 9, 1595, specifies that Don Francisco Montesinos, Curate and Vicar of "las Yslas de Curasao, Aruba y Bonaire" conferred a power of attorney to Pedro Gutiérrez de Lugo, resident in Caracas, to collect from the Royal Treasury of His Catholic Majesty Don Felipe II, the salary that corresponded to him for his office as priest and vicar of the islands. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OLD_FORT_ORANJE,_KRALENDIJK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg/170px-OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg/255px-OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg/340px-OLD_FORT_ORANJE%2C_KRALENDIJK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Fort Oranje in Kralendijk, built in 1639</figcaption></figure> <p>Remnants of Bonaire's indigenous population can be seen in some of the island's current inhabitants. In fact, the majority of the population is of mixed black and white descent, with minorities of Europeans (descendants of the Dutch) and Africans (descendants of slaves) </p><p>In 1526, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Ampi%C3%A9s" title="Juan Martínez de Ampiés">Juan Martínez de Ampiés</a> was appointed Spanish commander of the <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC Islands</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He brought back some of the original Caquetio Indian inhabitants to Bonaire and Curaçao. Ampies also imported domesticated animals from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, including cows, donkeys, goats, horses, pigs and sheep. The Spaniards thought that Bonaire could be used as a cattle plantation worked by natives. The cattle were raised for hides rather than meat. The Spanish inhabitants lived mostly in the inland town of <a href="/wiki/Rincon,_Bonaire" title="Rincon, Bonaire">Rincon</a> which was safe from pirate attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_period">Dutch period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dutch period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> was founded in 1602. Starting in 1623, ships of the West India Company called at Bonaire to obtain meat, water and wood. The Dutch also abandoned some Spanish and Portuguese prisoners there, and these people founded the town of <a href="/wiki/Antriol" title="Antriol">Antriol</a>, which is a contraction of Spanish <i>al interior</i> (English: <i>inside</i>). The Dutch and the Spanish fought from 1568 to 1648 in what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighty Years War">Eighty Years War</a>. In 1633, the Dutch –  having lost the island of <a href="/wiki/St._Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Maarten">St. Maarten</a> to the Spanish –  retaliated by attacking Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba. Bonaire was conquered in March 1636. The Dutch built Fort Oranje in 1639.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Curaçao emerged as a centre of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a>, Bonaire became a plantation of the Dutch West India Company. <a href="/wiki/Edible_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Edible salt">Salt</a> became a major export product of the island; a small number of African slaves were put to work alongside Indians and convicts, cultivating dyewood and maize and harvesting solar salt around Blue Pan.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slave quarters, built entirely of stone and too short for a man to stand upright in, still stand in the area around Rincon and along the salt pans. The slave population grew in the 1710s when a famine and social unrest on Curaçao caused the Dutch to relocate a large number of slaves to Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-van_Welie_2008_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Welie_2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, Dutch was not widely spoken on the island outside of colonial administration; its use increased in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students on Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire were taught predominantly in Spanish until the late 18th century when the British took Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire; the teaching of Spanish was restored when Dutch rule resumed in 1815. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the Netherlands lost control of Bonaire twice, once from 1800 to 1803, and again from 1807 to 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-van_Welie_2008_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Welie_2008-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During these intervals, the British had control of the neighbouring island of <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> and of Bonaire. The <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC islands</a> were returned to the Netherlands under the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a>. During the period of British rule, a large number of white traders settled on Bonaire, and built the settlement of Playa (<a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a>) in 1810. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emancipation">Emancipation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Emancipation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1816 until 1868, Bonaire remained a government plantation. In 1825, there were about 300 government-owned slaves on the island. Gradually many of the slaves were freed and became freemen with an obligation to render some services to the government. The remaining slaves were freed on 30 September 1862 under the Emancipation Regulation. A total of 607 government slaves and 151 private slaves were freed at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg/220px-Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg/330px-Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg/440px-Bonaire_Red_Slave_Huts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Slave huts</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of the Netherlands">German occupation of the Netherlands</a> during World War II, Bonaire was a protectorate of Britain and the United States. The American army built the <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_International_Airport" title="Flamingo International Airport">Flamingo Airport</a> as an air force base. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, authorities declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, and many German and Austrian citizens, as well as Dutch thought to be German sympathizers, were interned in a camp on Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these remained in this camp for the war's duration, and others were transferred to new camps built on the mainland in the first year of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Juliana of the Netherlands">Princess Juliana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> visited the troops on Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-Helm_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonairean sailors made an above-average contribution during World War II. German U-boats tried to eliminate shipping around the Aruba and Curaçao refineries and thus eliminate the island's considerable fuel production for the Allies. Bonairean-crewed ships also took part in these battles. Among the many missing after the war, were the 34 Bonaireans who died on these ships (more than on the other islands of the then Dutch West Indies). During hostilities, the site where the Divi Flamingo Beach Resort & Casino now stands served as an internment camp for Germans and Austrians living in the Antilles, mainly because they were distrusted. There were fears they could have sabotaged the giant oil refineries on Aruba and Curaçao that were supplying paraffin to the Allied air fleet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The camp was in operation from 1940 to 1947. In total, 461 people were interned during this period without trial, most of them completely innocent. Among them were Medardo de Marchena and also the photographer Fred Fischer, then still an Austrian citizen. Many German internees had just fled Nazi violence. But there were also German prisoners of war, some of whom remained after the war. In September 1943, the father of <a href="/wiki/George_Maduro" title="George Maduro">George Maduro</a>, after whom Madurodam is named, asked Queen Wilhelmina to exchange his son for the German internees on Bonaire. The government did not grant the request. After the war, the empty barracks became Bonaire's first hotel: Zeebad. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire,_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg/220px-Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg/330px-Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg/440px-Aankomst_van_het_koninklijk_paar_op_het_vliegveld_van_Bonaire%2C_Bestanddeelnr_252-3827.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="2566" /></a><figcaption>Royal visit of Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard in 1955</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-war">Post-war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, the economy of Bonaire continued to develop. The airport was converted to civilian use and the former internment camp was converted to become the first hotel on Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutchman <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schunck" title="Pierre Schunck">Pierre Schunck</a> started a clothing factory known as <a href="/wiki/Schunck%27s_Kledingindustrie_Bonaire" title="Schunck's Kledingindustrie Bonaire">Schunck's Kledingindustrie Bonaire</a>, a partial solution for the large female surplus on the island. In 1964, <a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Radio" title="Trans World Radio">Trans World Radio</a> began broadcasting from Bonaire. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Netherlands_Worldwide" title="Radio Netherlands Worldwide">Radio Netherlands Worldwide</a> built two shortwave transmitters on Bonaire in 1969. The second major hotel (Bonaire Beach Hotel)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was completed in 1962. Salt production resumed in 1966 when the salt pans were expanded and modernized by the Antilles International Salt Company, a subsidiary of the International Salt Company. Part of the facilities extend into the Caribbean Sea and form the popular dive site known as Salt Pier.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bonaire Petroleum Corporation (BOPEC) oil terminal was opened in 1975 for trans-shipping oil.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Politically Bonaire formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> from 1954 to 2010; it is now a special municipality within the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-WOLBES_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOLBES-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 the island officially adopted the US dollar as its currency.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles">Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 October 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> was <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles">dissolved</a>. As a result, the government of the Netherlands assumed the task of public administration of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> or BES Islands comprising Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba. The three islands acquired new status as "special municipalities" (<i>bijzondere gemeenten</i>), making them part of the Netherlands itself, a form of "public body" (<i>openbaar lichaam</i>) as outlined in article 134 of the Dutch Constitution. Special municipalities do not constitute part of a province. </p><p>As a special municipality, Bonaire is very much like ordinary Dutch municipalities in that it has a mayor, <a href="/wiki/Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldermen">aldermen</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal council</a>, and is governed according to most Dutch laws. Antillean legislation remained in force after 10 October 2010, with the exception of those cases where Antillean law was replaced by Bonaire's municipal law. It was believed best for the island to not introduce the entire body of Dutch legislation at one time as it would cause confusion. Therefore, Dutch legislation is being introduced in stages. Bonaire retained its own unique culture while residents enjoy the same rights as Dutch citizens, including the right to vote in Dutch parliamentary elections in the Netherlands. Residents also have access to new or improved facilities and government benefits including, but not limited to, <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>; improved health care facilities; better educational facilities with additional training for teachers, new teaching methods and new school buildings; social housing for low-income individuals and families; a centrally dispatched single police force, fire department and ambulance service.<sup id="cite_ref-GovernmentNL_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovernmentNL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the three islands are considered to be land of the Netherlands, they are not a part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, therefore not subject to European Union Law. They are considered to be an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Countries_and_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Countries and Territories">overseas country and territory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire's non-governmental organization, <i>Nos Ke Boneiru Bèk</i> ("We Want Bonaire Back"), is against the current constitutional relationship with the Netherlands. With reference to Bonaire's 2004 referendum, the organization is of the opinion that such an arrangement was never the choice of the people. The Dutch Minister of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Plasterk" title="Ronald Plasterk">Ronald Plasterk</a>, replied to the organization confirming that only the "Island Councils in the Caribbean Netherlands have the authority to decide on holding a constitutional referendum, not the Dutch government." In response, the organization gathered more than 3,500 signatures in 2013 favouring a new referendum. In a letter to minister Plasterk, James Finies, chairman of Nos Ke Boneiru Bèk, requested a "new referendum under the right of self-determination". Plasterk responded by advising Finies that preparations for the evaluation of the public entity structure had begun for 2015, but a "possible change of the constitutional relations is not part of that evaluation".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_status_referendum,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonaire status referendum, 2015">new referendum</a> took place on 18 December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 65% of the turnout voted that they were not happy with the current relationship between Bonaire and the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire2021OSM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bonaire2021OSM.png/220px-Bonaire2021OSM.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bonaire2021OSM.png/330px-Bonaire2021OSM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Bonaire2021OSM.png/440px-Bonaire2021OSM.png 2x" data-file-width="3127" data-file-height="3831" /></a><figcaption>Enlargeable, detailed map of Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_highres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bonaire_highres.jpg/220px-Bonaire_highres.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bonaire_highres.jpg/330px-Bonaire_highres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bonaire_highres.jpg/440px-Bonaire_highres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Bonaire and the small island of <a href="/wiki/Klein_Bonaire" title="Klein Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1,_left.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif/220px-Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif/330px-Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif/440px-Bonaire_-_Encyclopaedie_van_Nederlandsch_West-Indi%C3%AB-Antilles_part_1%2C_left.gif 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="2419" /></a><figcaption>Map of Bonaire, 1914–1917</figcaption></figure><p>Bonaire lies about 80 kilometres (50 mi) off the coast of Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island has a land area of 288 km<sup>2</sup> (111 sq mi), with an additional 6 km<sup>2</sup> (2.3 sq mi) added by <a href="/wiki/Klein_Bonaire" title="Klein Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</a>, a small uninhabited island off its west coast.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northern end of Bonaire is relatively mountainous, although its highest peak, <a href="/wiki/Brandaris,_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandaris, Bonaire">Mount Brandaris</a>, is only 240 metres (790 feet).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern part of the island is nearly flat and barely rises above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant portion of this southern region is covered with sea water in process of evaporation for salt production.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area also contains <a href="/wiki/Lac_Bay" title="Lac Bay">Lac Bay</a> with its large mangrove forest. The shoreline of Bonaire is dotted with <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlets</a>, the largest of which is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goto_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goto Lake (page does not exist)">Goto Lake</a> in the north. These lagoons and <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> provide an excellent habitat for a wide variety of shorebirds.<sup id="cite_ref-infobonaire.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobonaire.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Bonaire has some hills and variations in altitude, Klein Bonaire's surface is quite level and just about two meters above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because Klein Bonaire is as yet undeveloped, the <a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">fringing reef system</a> surrounding Klein Bonaire is pristine.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Bonaire" title="Geology of Bonaire">Geology of Bonaire</a></div> <p>Geologists believe that Bonaire and the other ABC islands were formed about 90 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean plate</a> collided with the <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate</a>, it forced a large mass of rock to the ocean surface and created the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leeward_Antilles_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leeward Antilles Ridge (page does not exist)">Leeward Antilles Ridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands of Bonaire, Aruba, and Curaçao were formed along this ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, Bonaire lies within the Caribbean–South America <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate boundary zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some geologists place Bonaire's location on the South American <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others place the island's location on or above the Caribbean plate.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is essentially coral that has been geologically pushed up and out of the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the seabed rose upwards a vast <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> grew on what is now dry land.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These corals were eventually exposed to air and perished, becoming surface <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone deposits</a> over the millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, reef limestone covers a large part of the Bonarie today,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the natural <a href="/wiki/Fringing_reef" title="Fringing reef">fringing reef</a> system, in which the coral formations start at the shoreline. Tidal variations are only about 55–60 centimetres (1.8–2.0 ft),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> so the corals start at the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_range" title="Tidal range">low tide line</a> and continue on, following the underwater <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> of the island's base. Bonaire's <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a> are more affected by a combination of wind and low/high-<a href="/wiki/Pressure_system" title="Pressure system">pressure systems</a> than by the moon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to its history, the geology of Bonaire is dominated by gently dipping <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rocks</a> ranging in age from <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> (≈90-100 million years ago (Ma)) to <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> (≈5 Ma), which lie unconformably on a <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">pre-Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous_basement_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous basement Rock">igneous basement</a>. Where the unconformity corresponds with <a href="/wiki/Erosion_and_tectonics" title="Erosion and tectonics">sea-level erosion</a>, caves are common.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonaire has a warm, dry (though humid) and windy climate. The average temperature is 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) with a 1.4 °C (2.5 °F) seasonal variation and 5.6 °C (10 °F) daily variation. The highest recorded temperature is 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) and the lowest, 19.8 °C (67.6 °F). The ocean temperature around the island fluctuates between 26 and 30 °C (78 and 86 °F). Nearly constant winds blow from the east with an average speed of 22 km/h (14 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The humidity is very constant, averaging 76% and fluctuating between 85% and 66% on a daily basis. This semi-arid climate is conducive to a variety of cacti and other desert plants. </p><p>Average annual rainfall is 520 mm (20.5 in), most of which occurs in October through January.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonaire lies outside the <a href="/wiki/Main_Development_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Development Region">Main Development Region</a> for Atlantic <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> activity, though the island is occasionally affected by hurricanes and tropical storms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_Hind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Rock_Hind.jpg/220px-Rock_Hind.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Rock_Hind.jpg/330px-Rock_Hind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Rock_Hind.jpg/440px-Rock_Hind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1705" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>Rock hind in Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <p>Bonaire is fringed by a <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> which is accessible to divers from the shore along the <a href="/wiki/Lee_side" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee side">lee side</a> of the island (facing west-southwest). The entire coastline of the island was designated a <a href="/wiki/Marine_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine sanctuary">marine sanctuary</a> in 1979, an effort to preserve and protect the delicate coral reef and the marine life that depends on it. There are more than 350 species of fish<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sixty species of coral living in Bonaire's reef.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulder Star Coral (<i><a href="/wiki/Montastraea_annularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Montastraea annularis">Montastraea annularis</a></i>) is the most common coral, according to a 2011 survey.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, biologists discovered a new species of jellyfish in Bonaire, the highly venomous <a href="/wiki/Tamoya_ohboya" title="Tamoya ohboya">Bonaire banded box jellyfish</a> (<i>Tamoya ohboya</i>). </p><p>Bonaire is also famed for its <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingo</a> populations and its <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a> sanctuary. Flamingos are drawn to the brackish water of the island's lagoons, which harbor the shrimp upon which they feed. Bonaire is home to one of only four nesting grounds for the Caribbean flamingo. Located in the Pekelmeer in the southern part of the island, no human entry is permitted in this sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century, Europeans introduced <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, pigs, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> and donkeys on Bonaire, and the descendants of the donkeys, goats, and pigs roam the island today. </p><p>Bonaire is also home to the ecologically vulnerable <a href="/wiki/Yellow-shouldered_amazon" title="Yellow-shouldered amazon">yellow-shouldered amazon</a> parrot, <i>Amazona barbadensis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_initiatives">Environmental initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_(339370349).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg/220px-Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg/330px-Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg/440px-Wild_Donkeys_Bonaire_%28339370349%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A donkey colony</figcaption></figure><p>The island of Bonaire has long been a leader in nature conservation and ecological responsibility. <a href="/wiki/STINAPA_Bonaire" title="STINAPA Bonaire">Bonaire's National Park Foundation</a> (<i>Stichting Nationale Parken</i> or STINAPA),<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was founded in 1962 for the purpose of actively protecting nature on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969 STINAPA succeeded in establishing both the flamingo nesting sanctuary and Washington National Park, the first such nature preserves in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, the Slagbaai plantation was added to the park, now known as <a href="/wiki/Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park" title="Washington Slagbaai National Park">Washington Slagbaai National Park</a> (WSNP).<sup id="cite_ref-:8_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bonaire National Marine Park (BNMP) was also established in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marine Park consists of the whole coastline of Bonaire from the high-water mark down to a depth of 200 feet (61 m) and includes a large mangrove forest in Lac Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lac_Bay" title="Lac Bay">Lac Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klein_Bonaire" title="Klein Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelkermeer_Saltworks" title="Pelkermeer Saltworks">Pelkermeer</a>, Slagbaai and Gotomeer are recognized as wetlands of international significance under the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to a public-private sector partnership, programs are being developed to advance the local awareness and attitudes toward conservation and habitat preservation in order to proactively protect Bonaire's ecosystem. A new sewage treatment plant will contribute to protecting the reefs and the seawater quality. In 2013 Selibon,<sup id="cite_ref-BONHATA_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BONHATA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the national garbage-processing plant, opened an the Plaza Medio Ambiente recycling center, where the general public can bring glass, cans, paper, scrap metal, cardboard, batteries, motor oil, cooking oil, electronics, mobile phones and textiles.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is environmentally aware and protective of its coral reefs, the diversity of its aquatic ecosystems, and the conservation of its many species and natural environments above and below the water. The island's government, businesses and residents are committed to recycling waste products, and making others aware of the importance and benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-BONHATA_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BONHATA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Divers and dive shops take part in collecting debris washed ashore and preparing it for recycling.<sup id="cite_ref-BONHATA_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BONHATA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire gets a significant amount of its electricity from an array of twelve wind generators along its northeastern coastline which began operating in 2010. This renewable source now fills 40–45% of the island's electricity needs. Work continues in developing additional renewable sources of energy, including bio-diesel and solar, with the goal of becoming 100% reliant on renewables.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park">Washington Slagbaai National Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Washington Slagbaai National Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg/220px-GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg/330px-GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg/440px-GENERAL_VIEW_OF_THE_PARK_FROM_MALMOK_LIGHTHOUSE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1991" /></a><figcaption>Washington Slagbaai National Park</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Washington_Slagbaai_National_Park" title="Washington Slagbaai National Park">Washington Slagbaai National Park</a> is an ecological preserve on the northern tip of the island. The 6,000-hectare park was established in 1969 as the first nature park in the Netherlands Antilles. It is home to a wide variety of habitats, such as the bocas (inlets), dunes on the north coast, salt pans, pos (springs) and mountain areas. </p><p>The park is rich in birds and other animals, especially lizards, including iguanas. Within the park there are two areas recognised internationally as important wetlands under the Ramsar Convention: the Slagbaai salt marsh and Lake Gotom. The park is also of great cultural-historical importance, not least because of the plantations and the history of Slagbaai. </p><p>At the entrance to the park is the Bonaire Museum. From the entrance there are several signposted walks. The park is easily accessible by car and mountain bikers are also welcome. The highest point of Bonaire, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Brandaris" title="Mount Brandaris">Mount Brandaris</a>, is 240 m (790 ft) tall and is located within this preserve. It has a complete view of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonaire_National_Marine_Park">Bonaire National Marine Park</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bonaire National Marine Park"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_National_Marine_Park" title="Bonaire National Marine Park">Bonaire National Marine Park</a></div> <p>The Bonaire National Marine Park (BNMP) is a legally protected <a href="/wiki/Marine_park" title="Marine park">underwater park</a> surrounding the entire islands of Bonaire and Klein Bonaire. The park was established in 1979 with the support of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> and others, and is managed by STINAPA.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than 80 dive sites in the marine park.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klein_Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Klein Bonaire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Klein_Bonaire" title="Klein Bonaire">Klein Bonaire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klein_Bonaire_Strand_(34769026072).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg/220px-Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg/330px-Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg/440px-Klein_Bonaire_Strand_%2834769026072%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3929" data-file-height="2207" /></a><figcaption>Coast of Klein Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <p>Klein Bonaire (Dutch for "Little Bonaire") is an islet located off the western coast Bonaire, about a 0.5 mile from Kralendijk.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small island is 700 hectares (2.7 sq miles) in size.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is accessible by boat for divers, snorkelers, and <a href="/wiki/Day_trip" title="Day trip">day-trippers</a>. </p><p>The island is completely flat<sup id="cite_ref-:5_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and covered with bushes, cacti, and small trees.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are at least 76 species of plants and about 55 species of animals on the island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The island is an important location for <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_long-nosed_bat" title="Southern long-nosed bat">Leptonycteris curasoae</a></i> rely on Klein Bonaire for sources of <a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">nectar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sea turtles rely on Klein Bonaire's beaches for nesting, especially those on the northeast side.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flamingos rely on Klein Bonaire's salt pans, where they feed.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bonaire has one of the largest flamingo populations in the world).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is surrounded by fringing coral reefs. The reefs are home to more than 340 fish species, and almost every species of <a href="/wiki/Hard_coral" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard coral">hard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soft_coral" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft coral">soft coral</a> found in the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its reefs and underwater wildlife make it a popular destination for divers,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is surrounded by dive sites.<sup id="cite_ref-infobonaire.com_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobonaire.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 20th century, with the growth of diving tourism on Bonaire, project developers wanted to build hotels on Klein Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999 the island was bought and safeguarded by the Island Territory of Bonaire with the help of the Netherlands, the World Wide Fund for Nature and other conservationists.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Klein Bonaire has been a legally protected nature reserve since 2001, when it was incorporated as part of the Bonaire National Marine Park.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is also protected as a wetland of international importance by the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lac_Bay">Lac Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lac Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lac Bay is a shallow lagoon in the southeast of Bonaire. The 700 hectare area is surrounded by mangroves. The bay is part of the protected underwater park and has been designated an aquatic area of international importance under the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>. The bay is unique for the presence of seagrasses and mangroves. Part of the mangroves is virtually undisturbed due to limited accessibility, making it important as a resting area for bird species. Lac Bay is an important resting and nesting area for many marine birds and invertebrates, including the <a href="/wiki/Queen_conch" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen conch">queen conch</a> or <i>Karkó</i>. This mollusk used to be found in large numbers here, but overfishing has largely eradicated the population. The area serves as a nursery for <a href="/wiki/Reef_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Reef fish">reef fish</a> and is the feeding ground for the <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green sea turtle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pekelmeer">Pekelmeer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pekelmeer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pekel Lake and the flamingo reserve (800 hectares) are part of the large aquatic area in the south-west of the island. Salt is still extracted from this area. It is also the most important feeding and living area for the flamingo. Depending on the season, between 2,000 and 7,000 flamingos can be found in this area. The flamingo reserve is the most important breeding site in the Southern Caribbean. The total population migrating between Bonaire and South America is estimated at 20,000 individuals. The flamingo places special demands on its environment (water quality, tranquillity) and is very sensitive to disturbance. The Pekelmeer and the flamingo reserve have been designated as a water area of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. Bonaire will continue to actively protect the flamingo, the symbol of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salt_pans">Salt pans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Salt pans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salt_City_Bonaire_(339352494).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg/220px-Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg/330px-Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg/440px-Salt_City_Bonaire_%28339352494%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cargill_Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargill Salt">Cargill Salt</a>, Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <p>Bonaire also is known for its <a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">salt pans</a> (also called salt lakes, salt flats, or <i>saliñas</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> which cover 10% of the island's land.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salt pans are <a href="/wiki/Salt_lake" title="Salt lake">salt lakes</a> or inlets that are closed to the sea by a dead coral <a href="/wiki/Dyke_(embankment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyke (embankment)">dyke</a>. They have an important function because they ensure the collection and filtration of rainwater. This prevents nutrients and soil particles from reaching the reef and causing damage to the corals. This function is especially crucial during heavy rainfall. The salt pans are also an important feeding ground for many waterbirds. Slagbaai, Gotomeer, Pekelmeer and the Klein Bonaire salt pans are aquatic areas of international importance in the context of the Ramsar Convention. Economically, the salt flats provide for the production and exportation of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves">Caves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Caves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonaire has many dozens of <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>. There are estimated to be over 200 caves on the island, though not all are easily accessible.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a geological manifestation they give a picture of the oldest history of the island. In several there are cave drawings made by the original inhabitants of Bonaire. Some caves are home to <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a> or the blind shrimp <i><a href="/wiki/Typhlatya" title="Typhlatya">Typhlatya</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bats play a useful role in the ecosystem: they trap a large number of insects (including mosquitoes) or provide pollination of flowers, including cactus flowers. The greatest threat to bats is the destruction or disturbance of their roosts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOVERNMENT_HOUSE,_KRALENDIJK,_BONAIRE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/220px-GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/330px-GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg/440px-GOVERNMENT_HOUSE%2C_KRALENDIJK%2C_BONAIRE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2926" data-file-height="1917" /></a><figcaption>The local parliament and Council House in <a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Island_Council">Island Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Island Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Island_council_(Netherlands)" title="Island council (Netherlands)">island council</a> is the local, democratically elected parliament. It is the highest governing body in the public body<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and is responsible for local legislation. Executive power is held by the Crown-appointed governor and the island deputies appointed by the island council. The Three main political parties are the <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_People%27s_Movement" title="Bonaire People's Movement">Bonaire People's Movement</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Tjin_Asjoe" title="Elvis Tjin Asjoe">Elvis Tjin Asjoe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Patriotic_Union" title="Bonaire Patriotic Union">Bonaire Patriotic Union</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Esther_Bernabela" title="Esther Bernabela">Esther Bernabela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Democratic_Party" title="Bonaire Democratic Party">Bonaire Democratic Party</a> led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clark_Abraham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clark Abraham (page does not exist)">Clark Abraham</a>. Smaller parties include <a href="/wiki/Movement_21_(Bonaire)" title="Movement 21 (Bonaire)">Movement 21</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Social_Party" title="Bonaire Social Party">Bonaire Social Party</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_referendum">2010 referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2010 referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 2010 referendum, the Netherlands Antilles (comprising the islands of Curaçao, Bonaire, St. Eustatius, St. Maarten and Saba) were governed as a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a> based on the Dutch system of government with free elections held every four years. Dissension about their political future resulted in four of the five islands advocating for separation from the Netherlands Antilles. Some of the island residents wanted autonomy while others wanted more integration.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 a conference was held by the governments of the Netherlands, Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles to discuss future constitutional reform and the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles. In 2006, Sint Maarten and Curaçao chose <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>, and Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba opted for a closer relationship with the Netherlands. Constitutional referendums and dismantlement of the Netherlands Antilles was scheduled to take place in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire's <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_constitutional_referendum,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonaire constitutional referendum, 2010">announced referendum</a> scheduled for 26 March 2010 was canceled in February 2010. The governor of the Dutch Antilles, <a href="/wiki/Frits_Goedgedrag" title="Frits Goedgedrag">Frits Goedgedrag</a>, decided to cancel it because it probably contravened international law since part of the population was barred from voting. European Dutch nationals were only allowed to vote if they arrived on the island before 1 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The referendum was postponed to September and then October 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the referendum was held on 17 December 2010, with 84% voting in favor of becoming part of the Netherlands. However, as the 35% <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> rate was below the required 51%, the results of the referendum were declared invalid.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_Institution_and_Prison">Judicial Institution and Prison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Judicial Institution and Prison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Judicial Institution (JI) of the Dutch Caribbean (<i>Justitiële Inrichting Caribisch Nederland</i>), based on Bonaire, is located in Kralendijk. Since 10 October 2010, the centre has been under the responsibility of the Department of Judicial Institutions (DJI), the agency of the Dutch Ministry of Justice and Security for the execution of sentences and custodial measures. The Bonaire site is both a House of Detention and a Judicial Institution. Since 6 December 2010 there is capacity for 76 men, women and juveniles. The name in Papiamentu is Institushon Hudisial Karibe Hulandes, Boneiru site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Economy of the Netherlands">Economy of the Netherlands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg/220px-BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg/330px-BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg/440px-BONAIRE_FLAMINGO_SANCTUARY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/American_flamingo" title="American flamingo">American flamingos</a> at the sanctuary at the southern end of Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonaire's economy is mainly based on tourism, taking advantage of its warm, dry climate and natural environment. The island caters to scuba divers and snorkelers, as the surrounding coral reefs are well preserved and easily accessible from the shore. Bonaire has been widely recognized for many years in the diving community as one of the world's best shore diving destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire's Marine Park offers a total of 86 named dive sites and is home to over 57 species of soft and stony coral and more than 350 recorded fish species.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most resorts and hotels have an on-site dive shop, and other accommodations are affiliated with a dive operation. The license plates carry the logo <i>Diver's Paradise</i> (in English).<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lac Bay, in the southeastern part of the island, attracts wind surfers from around the world to Bonaire. The shallow Bay is on the windward side of the island, so trade winds are strong and constant. A barrier reef across the mouth of the bay allows windsurfers of all skill levels to select wave conditions they like. Lac Bay is one of the stops in the PWA Windsurfing Freestyle World Cup and has hosted the Prokids IFCA Championship. Five of the PWA's ten highest ranked freestyle windsurfers are from Bonaire: Kiri Thode, Amado Vrieswijk, Bjorn Saragoza, Tonky Frans and Taty Frans.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northern end of Lac Bay is one of the best preserved mangrove forests in the Caribbean, which is popular for kayaking and snorkelling.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_In_Bonaire_(224518193).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg/220px-Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg/330px-Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg/440px-Sunset_In_Bonaire_%28224518193%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sunset In Bonaire</figcaption></figure> <p>Bonaire is also a port of call for more than fifteen cruise lines who make more than eighty calls per season at the island. The total passenger capacity for cruise ships in Bonaire is about 185,000.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism infrastructure in Bonaire is contemporary and offers a variety of types of accommodations including hotels, full-service resorts, a few small <a href="/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast" title="Bed and breakfast">bed and breakfasts</a> and self-catering vacation rentals of all kinds. Other tourist activities include kite-boarding, windsurfing, mountain-biking, hiking, sailing, charter fishing, boating and bird-watching.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All-in-all tourist expenditures in Bonaire are estimated at $125 million per year.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currency">Currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011 the BES Islands replaced their currency, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a>: ANG, symbol: ƒ), with the US dollar rather than replacing it with the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> which is used in the European Netherlands. The decision was based primarily on the needs for tourism and trade. Most countries and territories in the Caribbean use the dollar as their currency or have a currency linked to the dollar as legal tender. The guilder was <a href="/wiki/Currency_peg" class="mw-redirect" title="Currency peg">pegged</a> to the US dollar for decades with an exchange rate of ƒ1.79 = US$1.00. Adopting the dollar put an end to the dual-currency payment system and foreign exchange charges.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guilder remained in use in Curaçao and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxes">Taxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Taxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The separate tax regimes for Bonaire, St Eustatius and Saba present a greater risk of double taxation or double exemption from taxes. In an effort to remove the risk, two plans were introduced. One plan prevents double taxation between the Netherlands (Europe) and the BES Islands while the other prevents double taxation between the BES Islands and third countries. The new regime will generate a total annual tax revenue estimated at $52 million which is equal to the current tax revenues on the three islands. The combined population of the three islands is about 20,000; about half of these pay income tax.<sup id="cite_ref-GovernmentNL_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovernmentNL-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salt_production">Salt production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Salt production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Utilizing the naturally low-lying geography and traditional Dutch dike design, much of Bonaire's southern half has been made into a giant system of ponds and pools which evaporate seawater to produce salt. Presently operated by <a href="/wiki/Cargill" title="Cargill">Cargill</a>, Bonaire's solar salt works produces 400,000 tonnes of industrial grade salt per year. After collection, the salt is then washed and stored in pyramid-shaped piles roughly 15 metres in height, each containing approximately 10,000 tonnes of 99.6 percent pure salt.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The salt facility operates its own pier where ships are loaded with salt destined for North American, European and Western Pacific markets. Bonaire's salt is used primarily in industry.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg/220px-Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg/330px-Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg/440px-Bonaire_Salt_Pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Bonaire Salt Pier</figcaption></figure> <p>The large condensing ponds which ring the crystallizer basins, called the Pekelmeer, are a natural habitat for numerous species of brine shrimp which in turn feed flocks of hundreds of pink flamingoes and other migratory birds. This is the location of Bonaire's flamingo sanctuary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_storage_and_shipment">Oil storage and shipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Oil storage and shipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bonaire Petroleum Corporation (BOPEC) is a fuel oil storage and transshipment terminal on Bonaire. BOPEC is wholly owned by Venezuelan oil company PDVSA, and functions primarily as a storage facility for multiple grades of refined and non-refined oils from Venezuela and refineries on Curaçao and Aruba. BOPEC also has mixing and blending capabilities for its stored fuels. BOPEC's #1 pier can receive tankers up to 500,000DWT,<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which means there are only seven ships in the world that are too big for the BOPEC terminal.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fire at the BOPEC terminal in 2010 is believed to have had a significant impact on Goto Lake and at least one other nearby lagoon.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plantations_and_plantation_houses">Plantations and plantation houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Plantations and plantation houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1868 and 1870, a large part of the government land was auctioned and sold. These included five lots for forestry and livestock farming and nine lots for salt exploitation. The buyers of these large lots were mainly wealthy people from Curaçao, successful merchants, who had no intention of living on their plantations. There are no real plantations on Bonaire. The climate and soil conditions on Bonaire are not very favourable for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables of any size. Only salt extraction is economically attractive. In addition, on some "plantations" aloe cultivation (last exported in 1973), maize cultivation (due to drought there was not enough harvest every year), charcoal burning and cattle breeding (mainly goats, last exported in 1970) were carried out. </p><p>In the early 20th century, Bonaire's middle class was also able to buy plantation land. On Curaçao, the land house served as the main house of a plantation, where the owner lived. In the immediate vicinity were outbuildings, barns, stables and corrals. Surrounding it were the slave dwellings. On Bonaire, the plantation houses became the owners' cottages, where they stayed during the weekends. Often during the week there was an overseer (vito) who supervised the work on the plantation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG/220px-Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG/330px-Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG/440px-Bonaire-Flamingo-airport-2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4507" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flamingo_International_Airport" title="Flamingo International Airport">Flamingo Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bonaire's first airport was located near Tra'i Montaña Subi Blanku and crossed the current path<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> from Kralendijk to Rincon. It was built in 1936. The airport proved to be too small when American soldiers arrived on Bonaire in the second half of 1943. The commander stated that a new airport had to be built. Construction began in December 1943, with the new "Flamingo Airport" opening in 1945. A small terminal was built that was suitable for the number of passengers at the time. This building was used until mid-1976. The airport had received many extensions of both the runway and the terminal itself. </p><p>Today the airport is known as <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_International_Airport" title="Flamingo International Airport">Flamingo International Airport</a> and is served by a variety of both domestic and international airlines. Services from the US include Delta Air Lines, American Airlines and United Airlines. Airlines providing European service include TUI Netherlands and KLM. Consistent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> air service from Curaçao is provided by <a href="/wiki/Divi_Divi_Air" title="Divi Divi Air">Divi Divi Air</a> and <a href="/wiki/EZ_AIR" class="mw-redirect" title="EZ AIR">EZ Air</a>. </p><p>The airport is equipped with a fire station, control tower and hangar. Plans are under way for modifications to the current airport facilities, the runway and the fire station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Settlements">Settlements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_(13256547653).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg/220px-Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg/330px-Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg/440px-Crystal_Clear_waters_of_Bonaire_%2813256547653%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>Bonaire coast</figcaption></figure> <p>The two towns on the island are <a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a> (the capital) and <a href="/wiki/Rincon_(Bonaire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rincon (Bonaire)">Rincon</a>. Kralendijk has many suburbs/neighbourhoods, although on an island with such a small population, the distinction is not always clearcut. </p><p>The town of Kralendijk is a result of a merger of five villages: <a href="/wiki/Antriol" title="Antriol">Antriol</a> (Entrejol), Nikiboko, Noord Saliña, Playa, and Tera Kora. The town of <a href="/wiki/Rincon_(Bonaire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rincon (Bonaire)">Rincon</a> is the only other town.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labra, Ishiri, Kokorobi, Jan Doran, Vlijt, Rigot, Porto Spano and Kunchi were several smaller towns that had existed in the national park but were later abandoned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The population was estimated to be 20,104 in 2019, but was estimated to have risen to 24,090 by the start of 2023. Most of its inhabitants are of African descent, or <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">mixed race</a>, the product of European and African intermarriage, for whom the term "<a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a>" is often used. However, a significant part of the population has a variety of origins, including the Netherlands, Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Colombia, Suriname and the United States, among others. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg/220px-AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg/330px-AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg/440px-AgeSexPyramid_2023_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Age Sex Pyramid</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_population_centres">Main population centres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Main population centres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholic_church_in_Rincon_(Bonaire_2014)_(15073092343).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg/220px-Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg/330px-Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg/440px-Catholic_church_in_Rincon_%28Bonaire_2014%29_%2815073092343%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>St. Louis Bertrand a Catholic church in Rincon, Bonaire</figcaption></figure><p>The star on Bonaire's flag has six points, representing the six original settlements. Due to population growth and building expansion, five of them have grown together with the capital Kralendijk (with over 22,000 inhabitants at the start of 2023, including the new districts). Only Rincon, the oldest settlement on the island, located in the northern half with some 1,900 inhabitants, remains an independent village. In addition to these nuclei, a number of new districts have been added over the years. Behind Kralendijk, against the hill, are the Republiek and Santa Barbara districts. Behind Santa Barbara, on the coast, is the luxurious new district of Sabadeco (Santa Barbara Development Corporation). Beyond the airport, in the direction of the salt flats, is the neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Belnem" title="Belnem">Belnem</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>. The population as of 2017 is distributed in the old towns and districts as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-pop_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable"> <caption>Population statistics 2017<sup id="cite_ref-pop_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kralendijk</td> <td>10,620 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Playa (centre of Kralendijk)</td> <td>2,571 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tera Kora</td> <td>1,568 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nikiboko</td> <td>3,058 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antriol" title="Antriol">Antriol</a></td> <td>3,811 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nort di Saliña</td> <td>1,217 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rincon</td> <td>1,875 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in the rest of the former Netherlands Antilles, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the predominant religion of Bonaire. Roman Catholicism is the faith of the majority (68%) of the population, and there are also Protestant minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholicism was introduced during the period of Spanish rule. Although the island would pass under the control of the Protestant Netherlands, Catholicism remained the principal island religion. Ecclesiastically, the churches on Bonaire depend on the Catholic diocese of Willemstad on the neighboring island of Curaçao. </p><p>After the discovery of Bonaire by Alonso de Ojeda in 1499, the spiritual life of the Christians was in the hands of the monks who came from Venezuela for baptisms. These missionaries belonged to the Jesuits of the Franciscan order. The first resident priest was Jacob Bernardus Eisenbel (Dutch), who came from Aruba to settle for several years in Bonaire and after whom the Parish of St. Bernard, the main Catholic church of the capital of Bonaire, Kralendijk, is named. </p><p> Rincon, Bonaire's second largest city, offers numerous regular festivals, including the annual Simadan (harvest) festivals and Dia di San Juan (St. John's Day).</p><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 106.48918403248px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 63.461929754415px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Bonaire (2014):<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> (68%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> (16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Other religion (4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> No denomination (12%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Bonaire also has an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> centre and a Jewish community.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bonaire's educational system is patterned after the Dutch system. Early grades are taught solely in Papiamentu, with more and more Dutch being introduced as the grade level progresses. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Scholengemeenschap_Bonaire" title="Scholengemeenschap Bonaire">Scholengemeenschap Bonaire</a> serves as Bonaire's secondary school, for ages 12–18.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Bonaire is part of the Netherlands, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> is the official language, and the sole language for all administration and legal matters.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as at 2017 it is the main language of only 15% of the population — around two thirds use the <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> of <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamentu</a> as their main language.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024 the insular council of Bonaire passed a motion to declare <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a> a regional language<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Bonaire under the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages</a> and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands said that this decision would be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2001 census, Dutch was the main language of only 8.8% of the population, in 2024 this tripled and is now around 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most widely spoken language was Papiamentu, the primary language of 60% of the populace and is recognized by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-languages_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> was the main language of 11.8% of the people, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> the primary language of 2.8%, and other languages accounted for 1.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonaire is a <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">polyglot</a> society, with most of Bonaire's population able to converse in at least two of the languages of Papiamentu, Dutch, English and Spanish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_sunset.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bonaire_sunset.JPG/220px-Bonaire_sunset.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bonaire_sunset.JPG/330px-Bonaire_sunset.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bonaire_sunset.JPG/440px-Bonaire_sunset.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Scuba diving is a tourist attraction on Bonaire, tanks here visible on the dock.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_(March_2014).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg/220px-Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg/330px-Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg/440px-Kralendijk_Stadium_After_Renovations_%28March_2014%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Kralendijk Stadium After Renovations</figcaption></figure> <p>Bonaire residents participate in numerous sporting events, including all the popular sports that attract tourists to the island such as scuba diving, sailing, fishing, boating, windsurfing, kite surfing, biking, baseball, association football, volleyball and tennis. There are multiple dive shops on Bonaire, most of which offer scuba instruction and <a href="/wiki/Professional_Association_of_Diving_Instructors" title="Professional Association of Diving Instructors">PADI</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Underwater_Instructors" title="National Association of Underwater Instructors">NAUI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_Schools_International" title="Scuba Schools International">SSI</a> and <a href="/wiki/CMAS*_SCUBA_Diver" class="mw-redirect" title="CMAS* SCUBA Diver">CMAS</a> certification.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island's dive shops typically offer scuba tank and dive gear rental, boat diving excursions, snorkeling, kayaking, and naturalist classes. Some dive shops have gas blending stations, and offer tec diving instruction and excursions.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaire hosted the PWA Bonaire World Cup 2014 and the 10th Prokids IFCA Championship 2014 at Lac Bay in Sorobon on the east side of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to several professional windsurfing champions.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is also home to the annual Bonaire Sailing Regatta, a national sailing competition and celebration that has been held every October in Playa.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event first began in 1967 when Captain Don Stewart challenged Hubert Domacasse to a race, wagering 27 cases of beer that his fishing boat "Sislin" was faster than Domacasse's fishing boat "Velia".<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The races are run between the <a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward side</a> of the island and Klein Bonaire.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bonaire_Football_Federation" title="Bonaire Football Federation">Bonaire Football Federation</a> is a member of <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">CONCACAF</a> and the Bonaire Volleyball Federation is an associate member of CAZOVA (Caribbean Zonal Volleyball Association) and <a href="/wiki/NORCECA" class="mw-redirect" title="NORCECA">NORCECA</a>. The Baseball teams play in the Caribbean region of <a href="/wiki/Little_League_World_Series_(Caribbean_Region)" title="Little League World Series (Caribbean Region)">Little league</a> and <a href="/wiki/PONY_Baseball_and_Softball" title="PONY Baseball and Softball">Pony league</a>. Bonaire was also confirmed as the 218th Table Tennis National association.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Radio" title="Trans World Radio">Trans World Radio</a> (TWR) first established its <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM broadcasting</a> site on the island of Bonaire in 1964 to broadcast Christian programs into <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programs were broadcast in Spanish, Dutch and English.<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TWR-Bonaire began their operation with three transmitters, including a Brown-Boveri medium wave transmitter (500 kW over 800 kHz) and two shortwave transmitters (200 kW and 50 kW); however, their license to operate the 500 kW transmitter was revoked in 1999 thereby restricting broadcast to 100 kW. The Brown-Boveri medium wave transmitter was sold and removed from the island. It was replaced with another medium wave transmitter (PJB3-AM).<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, TWR-Bonaire was permitted to increase its power from 100 kW to 450 kW but in order to do so, they had to raise 38 million euros (US$43,456,610.00). In 2016 they commissioned Kintronic Labs to build a four-mast, 231 metres (758 ft) parallel-array directional antenna system. On January 31, 2018, they acquired a 450 kW Nautel Broadcast medium wave transmitter for US$3.8 million, and the name changed from Trans World Radio to Shine 800 AM.<sup id="cite_ref-Monde_135-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Monde-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg/220px-Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg/330px-Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg/440px-Bonaire_1000_steps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="1891" /></a><figcaption>Bonaire is a popular tourist destination for both <a href="/wiki/Recreational_diving" title="Recreational diving">recreational diving</a> and shore snorkelling.</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Radio_Netherlands_Worldwide" title="Radio Netherlands Worldwide">Radio Netherlands Worldwide</a> operated a shortwave relay station at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bonaire&params=12_12_48_N_68_19_23_W_type:landmark_region:BQ&title=Radio+Netherlands+Bonaire+Radio+Relay+Station"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°12′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">68°19′23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.21333°N 68.32306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.21333; -68.32306</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Radio Netherlands Bonaire Radio Relay Station</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>. Because of widespread availability of internet links providing higher audio quality and more flexibility, shortwave broadcasts by RNW-Bonaire were discontinued<sup id="cite_ref-YouTube_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YouTube-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the end of October 2012, the radio station was closed and installations dismantled. </p><p>Bonaire has two island radio stations that broadcast general information: Bon FM and Radiodifucion Boneriano. The language spoken for both is Papiamentu.<sup id="cite_ref-ABYZ_News_Links_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABYZ_News_Links-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_and_newspapers">Internet and newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Internet and newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several internet news sources including <i>BES Reporter</i> in English, <i>Bonaire</i> in Papiamentu and Dutch, <i>Bonaire Nieuws</i> in Dutch, and <i>Info Bonaire</i> in English. The local newspapers, some of which are also available online, include <i>The Bonaire Reporter</i> in English, <i>Extra and Boneriano</i> in Papiamentu, <i>Bonaire Times</i> in English, Spanish and Dutch,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two Dutch newspapers: <i>Amigoe</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Antilliaans_Dagblad" title="Antilliaans Dagblad">Antilliaans Dagblad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABYZ_News_Links_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABYZ_News_Links-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flamingo Television Bonaire B.V. offers cable programming and internet access via cable connection or fiber optics. Local and regional programming is offered in different languages including <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamentu</a>, Spanish, Dutch and Chinese. English channels are made available through the efforts of a unified group of cable companies comprising the Caribbean Cable Cooperative Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Digital television programs and internet access are offered by Telbo N.V., a communication and media provider with an IP based infrastructure. They are the primary telephone service provider, and also offer various packages of high quality digital television programs with 130+ digital channels.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Residents of Bonaire receive some of Venezuela's main national television channels, all primarily in Spanish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flag">Flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bonaire" title="Flag of Bonaire">flag</a>, with the six-pointed star, symbolises a compass. The people of Bonaire were and are excellent fishermen and sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also said that the four points of the ring indicating East, West, South and North are intended to indicate that all people in the world are equal, regardless of where they come from. The red colour refers to the blood and the survivability of the people of Bonaire. Yellow represents the sun, the beach and the flowers of the Kibrahachi and the cactus. White represents peace and internationalisation. Blue represents the sea. The flag has not existed for a long time. It was only on 11 December 1981 that the design was approved, to which the whole population was able to contribute and give its opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/32px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/48px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/64px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Netherlands" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">.bq is designated, but not in use, for the Caribbean Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the rest of the Netherlands, .nl is primarily in use.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://longreads.cbs.nl/the-caribbean-netherlands-in-numbers-2022/how-has-the-population-evolved-over-the-past-decade/">"How has the population evolved over the past decade? - the Caribbean Netherlands in numbers 2022 | CBS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206121607/https://longreads.cbs.nl/the-caribbean-netherlands-in-numbers-2022/how-has-the-population-evolved-over-the-past-decade/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+has+the+population+evolved+over+the+past+decade%3F+-+the+Caribbean+Netherlands+in+numbers+2022+%26%23124%3B+CBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flongreads.cbs.nl%2Fthe-caribbean-netherlands-in-numbers-2022%2Fhow-has-the-population-evolved-over-the-past-decade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHofstra2024" class="citation web cs1">Hofstra, Hans (2024-06-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bes-reporter.com/john-soliano-about-his-new-role-as-lieutenant-governor-integrity-and-inclusivity-are-crucial/">"John Soliano about his new role as lieutenant governor: 'Integrity and inclusivity are crucial'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BES Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BES+Reporter&rft.atitle=John+Soliano+about+his+new+role+as+lieutenant+governor%3A+%27Integrity+and+inclusivity+are+crucial%27&rft.date=2024-06-16&rft.aulast=Hofstra&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbes-reporter.com%2Fjohn-soliano-about-his-new-role-as-lieutenant-governor-integrity-and-inclusivity-are-crucial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rjik-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rjik_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rjik_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinisterie_van_Algemene_Zaken2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_General_Affairs" title="Ministry of General Affairs">Ministerie van Algemene Zaken</a> (May 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden">"Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? -"</a>. <i>www.rijksoverheid.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513082052/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rijksoverheid.nl&rft.atitle=Waaruit+bestaat+het+Koninkrijk+der+Nederlanden%3F+-&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft.au=Ministerie+van+Algemene+Zaken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fonderwerpen%2Fcaribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk%2Fvraag-en-antwoord%2Fwaaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OpenData-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OpenData_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/83698NED/table?ts=1578654405815">"CBS Statline"</a>. <i>opendata.cbs.nl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803035505/https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/83698NED/table?ts=1578654405815">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delegation+Record+for+.BQ&rft.pub=IANA&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fdomains%2Froot%2Fdb%2Fbq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bonaire">"Bonaire"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124093508/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bonaire">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+the+Netherlands_DEF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments-and-publications%2Fpublications%2F2013%2F04%2F22%2Fkoninkrijk-der-nederlanden%2Fkingdom-of-the-netherlands-def.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2016/29/population-caribbean-netherlands-stable">"Population Caribbean Netherlands stable"</a>. <i>CBS</i>. 2016-07-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327194513/https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2016/29/population-caribbean-netherlands-stable">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS&rft.atitle=Population+Caribbean+Netherlands+stable&rft.date=2016-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.nl%2Fen-gb%2Fnews%2F2016%2F29%2Fpopulation-caribbean-netherlands-stable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElly_A." class="citation web cs1">Elly A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobonaire.com/history/">"Bonaire's History –  InfoBonaire"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828070043/https://www.infobonaire.com/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire%27s+History+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+InfoBonaire&rft.au=Elly+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobonaire.com%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeco2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seco, Manuel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FLF2iT9qZHQC&q=Bonaire+buen+aire&pg=PA229"><i>Estudios de lingüística española: homenaje a Manuel Seco</i></a> (in Spanish). Universidad de Alicante. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9717-183-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9717-183-0"><bdi>978-84-9717-183-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419073748/https://books.google.com/books?id=FLF2iT9qZHQC&q=Bonaire+buen+aire&pg=PA229#v=snippet&q=Bonaire%20buen%20aire&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estudios+de+ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica+espa%C3%B1ola%3A+homenaje+a+Manuel+Seco&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Alicante&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-84-9717-183-0&rft.aulast=Seco&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFLF2iT9qZHQC%26q%3DBonaire%2Bbuen%2Baire%26pg%3DPA229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreasury1895" class="citation book cs1">Treasury, United States Department of the (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VvnRWAy5TksC&q=Bonaire+buen+aire&pg=PA758"><i>Treasury Decisions Under Customs and Other Laws</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240419073938/https://books.google.com/books?id=VvnRWAy5TksC&q=Bonaire+buen+aire&pg=PA758#v=snippet&q=Bonaire%20buen%20aire&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasury+Decisions+Under+Customs+and+Other+Laws&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Treasury&rft.aufirst=United+States+Department+of+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVvnRWAy5TksC%26q%3DBonaire%2Bbuen%2Baire%26pg%3DPA758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Buurt2011" class="citation book cs1">Van Buurt, Gerard (2011). "Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire". In Hailey, Adrian; Wilson, Byron S.; Horrocks, Julia A. (eds.). <i>Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas Volume 1: Conservation Biology and the Wider Caribbean</i>. pp. 145–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2Fej.9789004183957.i-228.49">10.1163/ej.9789004183957.i-228.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-19407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-19407-6"><bdi>978-90-04-19407-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Conservation+of+Amphibians+and+Reptiles+in+Aruba%2C+Cura%C3%A7ao+and+Bonaire&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+Caribbean+Island+Herpetofaunas+Volume+1%3A+Conservation+Biology+and+the+Wider+Caribbean&rft.pages=145-159&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2Fej.9789004183957.i-228.49&rft.isbn=978-90-04-19407-6&rft.aulast=Van+Buurt&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helm-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helm_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Der_Helm1987" class="citation book cs1">Van Der Helm, Rien (1987). <i>Traveler's Handbook Bonaire</i>. Rijswik, The Netherlands: Elmar Media Service. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6120-635-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6120-635-4"><bdi>978-90-6120-635-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traveler%27s+Handbook+Bonaire&rft.place=Rijswik%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Elmar+Media+Service&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-90-6120-635-4&rft.aulast=Van+Der+Helm&rft.aufirst=Rien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lopez_1996-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lopez_1996_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez1996" class="citation journal cs1">Lopez, Barry (1996). "Searching for Depth in Bonaire". <i>The Georgia Review</i>. <b>50</b> (3): 545–558. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41401267">41401267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Georgia+Review&rft.atitle=Searching+for+Depth+in+Bonaire&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=545-558&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41401267%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson-Córdova2017" class="citation book cs1">Anderson-Córdova, Karen F. (2017). "The Voluntary and Forced Movement of Indians among the Islands and the Mainland". <i>Surviving Spanish Conquest: Indian Fight, Flight, and Cultural Transformation in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico</i>. The University of Alabama Press. pp. 120–149 [137]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-9090-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-9090-7"><bdi>978-0-8173-9090-7</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1950702">chapter 1950702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Voluntary+and+Forced+Movement+of+Indians+among+the+Islands+and+the+Mainland&rft.btitle=Surviving+Spanish+Conquest%3A+Indian+Fight%2C+Flight%2C+and+Cultural+Transformation+in+Hispaniola+and+Puerto+Rico&rft.pages=120-149+137&rft.pub=The+University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-9090-7&rft.aulast=Anderson-C%C3%B3rdova&rft.aufirst=Karen+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Oranje_(Bonaire)" class="extiw" title="nl:Fort Oranje (Bonaire)">nl:Fort Oranje (Bonaire)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (March 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Cynthia M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.2007.00178.x">"The Other White Gold: Salt, Slaves, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and British Colonialism"</a>. <i>The Historian</i>. <b>69</b> (2): 218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.2007.00178.x">10.1111/j.1540-6563.2007.00178.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24453659">24453659</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144807834">144807834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historian&rft.atitle=The+Other+White+Gold%3A+Salt%2C+Slaves%2C+the+Turks+and+Caicos+Islands%2C+and+British+Colonialism&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=218&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144807834%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24453659%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.2007.00178.x&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1540-6563.2007.00178.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisevichMannSilvaRichardson2016" class="citation book cs1">Misevich, Phil; Mann, Kristin; Silva, Daniel B. Domingues da; Richardson, David; Vos, Jelmer; Mann, Kristin (2016). <i>The Rise and Demise of Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Atlantic World</i>. University of Rochester Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78204-656-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78204-656-1"><bdi>978-1-78204-656-1</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/83663">book 83663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Demise+of+Slavery+and+the+Slave+Trade+in+the+Atlantic+World&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=University+of+Rochester+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78204-656-1&rft.aulast=Misevich&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft.au=Mann%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Silva%2C+Daniel+B.+Domingues+da&rft.au=Richardson%2C+David&rft.au=Vos%2C+Jelmer&rft.au=Mann%2C+Kristin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-van_Welie_2008-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-van_Welie_2008_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-van_Welie_2008_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Welie2008" class="citation journal cs1">van Welie, Rik (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F13822373-90002465">"Slave trading and slavery in the Dutch colonial empire: A global comparison"</a>. <i>New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids</i>. <b>82</b> (1–2): 47–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F13822373-90002465">10.1163/13822373-90002465</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43390702">43390702</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128869753">128869753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+West+Indian+Guide+%2F+Nieuwe+West-Indische+Gids&rft.atitle=Slave+trading+and+slavery+in+the+Dutch+colonial+empire%3A+A+global+comparison&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=47-96&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128869753%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43390702%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F13822373-90002465&rft.aulast=van+Welie&rft.aufirst=Rik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%252F13822373-90002465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dede pikiña ku su bisiña: Papiamentu-Nederlands en de onverwerkt verleden tijd</i>. van Putte, Florimon., 1999. Zutphen: de Walburg Pers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/bonaire.htm">"The Map Room: Caribbean: Bonaire"</a>. British Empire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006075743/http://britishempire.co.uk/maproom/bonaire.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Map+Room%3A+Caribbean%3A+Bonaire&rft.pub=British+Empire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishempire.co.uk%2Fmaproom%2Fbonaire.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Horst2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">van der Horst, Liesbeth (2004). <i>Wereldoorlog in de West : Suriname, de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba, 1940-1945</i> (in Dutch). Hilversum: Verloren. pp. 69–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789065507945" title="Special:BookSources/9789065507945"><bdi>9789065507945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wereldoorlog+in+de+West+%3A+Suriname%2C+de+Nederlandse+Antillen+en+Aruba%2C+1940-1945&rft.place=Hilversum&rft.pages=69-74&rft.pub=Verloren&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789065507945&rft.aulast=van+der+Horst&rft.aufirst=Liesbeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous2007" class="citation news cs1">Anonymous (15 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082341/http://bonairereporter.com/news/007PDFs/06-15-07.pdf">"Imprisoned Innocents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bonaire Reporter. p. 7. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bonairereporter.com/news/007PDFs/06-15-07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Imprisoned+Innocents&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbonairereporter.com%2Fnews%2F007PDFs%2F06-15-07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSint_Jago2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sint Jago, Junnes E. (2007). <i>Wuiven vanaf de waranda</i> (in Dutch). Utrecht: Gopher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789051794960" title="Special:BookSources/9789051794960"><bdi>9789051794960</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/150262823">150262823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wuiven+vanaf+de+waranda&rft.place=Utrecht&rft.pub=Gopher&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F150262823&rft.isbn=9789051794960&rft.aulast=Sint+Jago&rft.aufirst=Junnes+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaptain2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Captain, Esther (2010). "De interneringen in Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen". <i>Oorlogserfgoed overzee : de erfenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Aruba, Curaçao, Indonesië en Suriname</i> (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Bakker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789035135840" title="Special:BookSources/9789035135840"><bdi>9789035135840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=De+interneringen+in+Suriname+en+de+Nederlandse+Antillen&rft.btitle=Oorlogserfgoed+overzee+%3A+de+erfenis+van+de+Tweede+Wereldoorlog+in+Aruba%2C+Cura%C3%A7ao%2C+Indonesi%C3%AB+en+Suriname&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=Bakker&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789035135840&rft.aulast=Captain&rft.aufirst=Esther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divibonaire.com/">"Divi Flamingo Beach Resort Bonaire"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601090944/https://divibonaire.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Divi+Flamingo+Beach+Resort+Bonaire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divibonaire.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographia.com/bonaire/sunset/sunhot.htm">"Bonaire Beach Hotel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052216/http://www.geographia.com/bonaire/sunset/sunhot.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire+Beach+Hotel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographia.com%2Fbonaire%2Fsunset%2Fsunhot.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cargillsalt.com/">"Cargill Salt Company"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221043625/http://www.cargillsalt.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cargill+Salt+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cargillsalt.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301191150/http://www.rocargo.com/Bopec.html">"Bonaire Petroleum Company"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocargo.com/Bopec.html">the original</a> on 2007-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire+Petroleum+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocargo.com%2FBopec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2010/05/18/introduction-of-the-dollar-on-bonaire-saint-eustace-saba">"Introduction of the dollar on Bonaire, Saint Eustace, Saba"</a>. 18 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626202050/https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2010/05/18/introduction-of-the-dollar-on-bonaire-saint-eustace-saba">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+of+the+dollar+on+Bonaire%2C+Saint+Eustace%2C+Saba&rft.date=2010-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2010%2F05%2F18%2Fintroduction-of-the-dollar-on-bonaire-saint-eustace-saba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GovernmentNL-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GovernmentNL_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GovernmentNL_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729042752/https://www.government.nl/issues/caribbean-parts-of-the-kingdom/new-constitutional-order">"New Constitutional Order"</a>. <i>Caribbean Parts of the Kingdom</i>. Government of the Netherlands. April 22, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.nl/issues/caribbean-parts-of-the-kingdom/new-constitutional-order">the original</a> on July 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caribbean+Parts+of+the+Kingdom&rft.atitle=New+Constitutional+Order&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Fissues%2Fcaribbean-parts-of-the-kingdom%2Fnew-constitutional-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130228104614/http://ds-lands.com/bonaire-saint-eustatius-and-saba/">"Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba"</a>. DS World's Lands. Archived from the original on February 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire%2C+Saint+Eustatius+and+Saba&rft.pub=DS+World%27s+Lands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fds-lands.com%2Fbonaire-saint-eustatius-and-saba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211024150/http://www.bearingpointcaribbean.com/dutch-minister-plasterk-consitutional-referendum-bes-island-affair/">"Dutch Minister Plasterk: Constitutional Referendum BES is Island Affair"</a>. <i>Government News</i>. Bearing Point Caribbean. August 18, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bearingpointcaribbean.com/dutch-minister-plasterk-consitutional-referendum-bes-island-affair/">the original</a> on 2014-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+News&rft.atitle=Dutch+Minister+Plasterk%3A+Constitutional+Referendum+BES+is+Island+Affair&rft.date=2014-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bearingpointcaribbean.com%2Fdutch-minister-plasterk-consitutional-referendum-bes-island-affair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bonairegov.nl/sites/default/files/uploads/2015010717.pdf">Referendum bill</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223042333/http://www.bonairegov.nl/sites/default/files/uploads/2015010717.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, government of Bonaire, 9 October 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosthumus2015" class="citation news cs1">Posthumus, Niels (19 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/12/19/bonaire-stemt-tegen-huidige-band-met-nederland">"Bonaire stemt tegen huidige band met Nederland"</a>. <i>NRC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091329/http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/12/19/bonaire-stemt-tegen-huidige-band-met-nederland">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC&rft.atitle=Bonaire+stemt+tegen+huidige+band+met+Nederland&rft.date=2015-12-19&rft.aulast=Posthumus&rft.aufirst=Niels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2015%2F12%2F19%2Fbonaire-stemt-tegen-huidige-band-met-nederland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/24458-the-conference-on-the-political-future-of-the-dutch-administered-caribbean-having-met-at-bonaire-west-indies-on-1st-december-2016.html">The Conference on the Political Future of the Dutch-Administered Caribbean, Having met at Bonaire, West Indies on 1st December 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326062936/https://www.smn-news.com/st-maarten-st-martin-news/24458-the-conference-on-the-political-future-of-the-dutch-administered-caribbean-having-met-at-bonaire-west-indies-on-1st-december-2016.html">Archived</a> 2019-03-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, St. Martin News Network, 15 December 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorse2022" class="citation book cs1">Morse, Kimberly J. (2022-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=auTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=bonaire+50+miles+venezuela&pg=PT494"><i>The Americas: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [2 volumes]</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-216-04766-7" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-216-04766-7"><bdi>979-8-216-04766-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Americas%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Culture+and+Society+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.isbn=979-8-216-04766-7&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=Kimberly+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DauTNEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dbonaire%2B50%2Bmiles%2Bvenezuela%26pg%3DPT494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice1940" class="citation book cs1">Office, United States Hydrographic (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wXzVAAAAMAAJ&dq=bonaire+50+miles+venezuela&pg=PA561"><i>Naval Air Pilot: West Indies Including Bermuda, Bahama Islands, the North Coast of Colombia and Venezuela</i></a>. Hydrographic Office under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Air+Pilot%3A+West+Indies+Including+Bermuda%2C+Bahama+Islands%2C+the+North+Coast+of+Colombia+and+Venezuela&rft.pub=Hydrographic+Office+under+the+authority+of+the+Secretary+of+the+Navy&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=United+States+Hydrographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwXzVAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3Dbonaire%2B50%2Bmiles%2Bvenezuela%26pg%3DPA561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellsWellsDean2017" class="citation book cs1">Wells, Jeffrey V.; Wells, Allison Childs; Dean, Robert (2017-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lk4zDwAAQBAJ&q=%22klein%20bonaire%22"><i>Birds of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao: A Site and Field Guide</i></a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1286-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1286-9"><bdi>978-1-5017-1286-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Birds+of+Aruba%2C+Bonaire%2C+and+Curacao%3A+A+Site+and+Field+Guide&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2017-06-15&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-1286-9&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+V.&rft.au=Wells%2C+Allison+Childs&rft.au=Dean%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlk4zDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522klein%2520bonaire%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Bakkervan_DuylPerryMeesters2019" class="citation journal cs1">de Bakker, Didier M.; van Duyl, Fleur C.; Perry, Chris T.; Meesters, Erik H. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899606">"Extreme spatial heterogeneity in carbonate accretion potential on a Caribbean fringing reef linked to local human disturbance gradients"</a>. <i>Global Change Biology</i>. <b>25</b> (12): 4092–4104. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019GCBio..25.4092B">2019GCBio..25.4092B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fgcb.14800">10.1111/gcb.14800</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-1013">1354-1013</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899606">6899606</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566878">31566878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&rft.atitle=Extreme+spatial+heterogeneity+in+carbonate+accretion+potential+on+a+Caribbean+fringing+reef+linked+to+local+human+disturbance+gradients&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=4092-4104&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6899606%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019GCBio..25.4092B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31566878&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fgcb.14800&rft.issn=1354-1013&rft.aulast=de+Bakker&rft.aufirst=Didier+M.&rft.au=van+Duyl%2C+Fleur+C.&rft.au=Perry%2C+Chris+T.&rft.au=Meesters%2C+Erik+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6899606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicallef2019" class="citation news cs1">Micallef, Joseph (April 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joemicallef/2019/04/18/the-surprising-story-of-bonaires-salt-pyramids/#7ba89f366adf">"The Surprising Story of Bonaire's Salt Pyramids"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108003048/https://www.forbes.com/sites/joemicallef/2019/04/18/the-surprising-story-of-bonaires-salt-pyramids/#7ba89f366adf">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Surprising+Story+of+Bonaire%27s+Salt+Pyramids&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.aulast=Micallef&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjoemicallef%2F2019%2F04%2F18%2Fthe-surprising-story-of-bonaires-salt-pyramids%2F%237ba89f366adf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infobonaire.com-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infobonaire.com_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobonaire.com_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobonaire.com/maps.html">"Bonaire's Maps"</a>. InfoBonaire. 2017-06-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316082103/http://www.infobonaire.com/maps.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire%27s+Maps&rft.pub=InfoBonaire&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobonaire.com%2Fmaps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scubadiving.com/protecting-reefs-klein-bonaire">"Protecting the Reefs of Klein Bonaire"</a>. <i>Scuba Diving Magazine</i>. March 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scuba+Diving+Magazine&rft.atitle=Protecting+the+Reefs+of+Klein+Bonaire&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scubadiving.com%2Fprotecting-reefs-klein-bonaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicallef" class="citation web cs1">Micallef, Joseph V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/joemicallef/2019/04/18/the-surprising-story-of-bonaires-salt-pyramids/">"The Surprising Story Of Bonaire's Salt Pyramids"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Surprising+Story+Of+Bonaire%27s+Salt+Pyramids&rft.aulast=Micallef&rft.aufirst=Joseph+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjoemicallef%2F2019%2F04%2F18%2Fthe-surprising-story-of-bonaires-salt-pyramids%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHippolyteMann2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hippolyte, Jean-Claude; Mann, Paul (2011-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264817209001214">"Neogene–Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Leeward Antilles islands (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao) from fault kinematic analysis"</a>. <i>Marine and Petroleum Geology</i>. Thematic Set on: Tectonics, basinal framework, and petroleum systems of eastern Venezuela, the Leeward Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and offshore areas. <b>28</b> (1): 259–277. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MarPG..28..259H">2011MarPG..28..259H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2009.06.010">10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-8172">0264-8172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Petroleum+Geology&rft.atitle=Neogene%E2%80%93Quaternary+tectonic+evolution+of+the+Leeward+Antilles+islands+%28Aruba%2C+Bonaire%2C+Cura%C3%A7ao%29+from+fault+kinematic+analysis&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=259-277&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.issn=0264-8172&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2009.06.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011MarPG..28..259H&rft.aulast=Hippolyte&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft.au=Mann%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0264817209001214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHippolyteMann2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hippolyte, Jean-Claude; Mann, Paul (2011-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264817209001214">"Neogene–Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Leeward Antilles islands (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao) from fault kinematic analysis"</a>. <i>Marine and Petroleum Geology</i>. Thematic Set on: Tectonics, basinal framework, and petroleum systems of eastern Venezuela, the Leeward Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and offshore areas. <b>28</b> (1): 259–277. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MarPG..28..259H">2011MarPG..28..259H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2009.06.010">10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0264-8172">0264-8172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+Petroleum+Geology&rft.atitle=Neogene%E2%80%93Quaternary+tectonic+evolution+of+the+Leeward+Antilles+islands+%28Aruba%2C+Bonaire%2C+Cura%C3%A7ao%29+from+fault+kinematic+analysis&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=259-277&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.issn=0264-8172&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.marpetgeo.2009.06.010&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011MarPG..28..259H&rft.aulast=Hippolyte&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft.au=Mann%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0264817209001214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorscheidFelisStocchiObert2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lorscheid, Thomas; Felis, Thomas; Stocchi, Paolo; Obert, J. Christina; Scholz, Denis; Rovere, Alessio (2017-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701235">"Tides in the Last Interglacial: insights from notch geometry and palaeo tidal models in Bonaire, Netherland Antilles"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 16241. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...716241L">2017NatSR...716241L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-16285-6">10.1038/s41598-017-16285-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701235">5701235</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29176722">29176722</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Tides+in+the+Last+Interglacial%3A+insights+from+notch+geometry+and+palaeo+tidal+models+in+Bonaire%2C+Netherland+Antilles&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=16241&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5701235%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...716241L&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29176722&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-017-16285-6&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Lorscheid&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Felis%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Stocchi%2C+Paolo&rft.au=Obert%2C+J.+Christina&rft.au=Scholz%2C+Denis&rft.au=Rovere%2C+Alessio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5701235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLallemantSisson2005" class="citation book cs1">Lallemant, Hans G. Avé; Sisson, Virginia Baker (2005-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IjxEfjiu8-0C&q=bonaire"><i>Caribbean-South American Plate Interactions, Venezuela</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STINAPA+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Bonaire+National+Marine+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmp.org%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmp.org/ramsar.html">"STINAPA –  Bonaire National Marine Park"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184532/http://www.bmp.org/ramsar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=STINAPA+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Bonaire+National+Marine+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmp.org%2Framsar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BONHATA-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BONHATA_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BONHATA_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BONHATA_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727021427/https://ilovebonaire.com/bonaire/en/services/other/selibon-nv">"Welcome—Bon bini"</a>. BONHATA. 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Vol. 28, no. 2. 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bonaire+Reporter&rft.atitle=Selibon+really+does+recycle&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbonairereporter.com%2Fback_issues%2F2021%2F202102.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergwijn2019" class="citation web cs1">Bergwijn, Patricia (2019-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entrepreneurcaribbean.com/2019/10/31/bonaire-realistically-modernizing-selibon/">"Realistically modernizing Selibon"</a>. <i>Entrepreneur Caribbean</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 21, no. 17. 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Selibon%27s+20+Years+-+Making+Cleanup+History&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=17&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbonairereporter.com%2Fback_issues%2F2014%2F201417.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunker2015" class="citation web cs1">Bunker, Kaitlyn (2015-01-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecowatch.com/2015/01/07/bonaire-goodbye-diesel-hello-renewable-energy/">"Caribbean Island Says Goodbye Fossil Fuels, Hello 100% Renewable Electricity"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150324032337/http://ecowatch.com/2015/01/07/bonaire-goodbye-diesel-hello-renewable-energy/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Island+Says+Goodbye+Fossil+Fuels%2C+Hello+100%25+Renewable+Electricity&rft.date=2015-01-07&rft.aulast=Bunker&rft.aufirst=Kaitlyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecowatch.com%2F2015%2F01%2F07%2Fbonaire-goodbye-diesel-hello-renewable-energy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curacaochronicle.com/region/solar-pilot-project-at-barcadera-bonaire/">"Solar pilot project at Barcadera Bonaire –  Curaçao Chronicle"</a>. <i>curacaochronicle.com</i>. 2014-01-20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610131903/http://curacaochronicle.com/region/solar-pilot-project-at-barcadera-bonaire/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=curacaochronicle.com&rft.atitle=Solar+pilot+project+at+Barcadera+Bonaire+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Cura%C3%A7ao+Chronicle&rft.date=2014-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcuracaochronicle.com%2Fregion%2Fsolar-pilot-project-at-barcadera-bonaire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stinapabonaire.org/rules-and-regulations/diving/">"Diving"</a>. <i>STINAPA Bonaire National Parks Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222050802/https://stinapabonaire.org/rules-and-regulations/diving/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=STINAPA+Bonaire+National+Parks+Foundation&rft.atitle=Diving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstinapabonaire.org%2Frules-and-regulations%2Fdiving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.usnews.com/Bonaire/Things_To_Do/Klein_Bonaire_62773/">"Klein Bonaire: #4 in Best Things To Do in Bonaire"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Klein+Bonaire%3A+%234+in+Best+Things+To+Do+in+Bonaire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.usnews.com%2FBonaire%2FThings_To_Do%2FKlein_Bonaire_62773%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snorkelingdives.com/?id=22994">"Klein Bonaire Snorkeling | Bonaire"</a>. <i>Snorkling Dives</i>. 2020-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire+referendum+cancelled&rft.pub=Expatica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Fnl%2Fnews%2Fdutch-rss-news%2Fbonaire-referendum-cancelled_24489.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnw.nl/english/bulletin/bonaire-referendum-postponed-again">Bonaire referendum postponed again</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110119183542/http://www.rnw.nl/english/bulletin/bonaire-referendum-postponed-again">Archived</a> 2011-01-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Radio Netherlands, 10 August 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bonairereporter.com/news/010pdfs/12-31-10.pdf">The Referendum that wasn't</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708082316/http://bonairereporter.com/news/010pdfs/12-31-10.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-07-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bonaire Reporter, 24 December 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scubadiving.com/photos/scuba-diving-top-100-best-dive-sites-shore-diving">"Scuba Diving Top 100: Best Dive Sites for Shore Diving"</a>. <i>Scuba Diving</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305173503/https://www.scubadiving.com/photos/scuba-diving-top-100-best-dive-sites-shore-diving">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scuba+Diving&rft.atitle=Scuba+Diving+Top+100%3A+Best+Dive+Sites+for+Shore+Diving&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scubadiving.com%2Fphotos%2Fscuba-diving-top-100-best-dive-sites-shore-diving&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismbonaire.com/bonaire-dive-sites">"Bonaire Dive Sites - Bonaire Official Tourism Site"</a>. <i>www.tourismbonaire.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811184459/https://www.tourismbonaire.com/bonaire-dive-sites">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tourismbonaire.com&rft.atitle=Bonaire+Dive+Sites+-+Bonaire+Official+Tourism+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismbonaire.com%2Fbonaire-dive-sites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/19334677@N00/3478518428/">"Bonaire License Plate"</a>. <i>Flickr</i>. April 4, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405041123/https://www.flickr.com/photos/19334677@N00/3478518428">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flickr&rft.atitle=Bonaire+License+Plate&rft.date=2007-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F19334677%40N00%2F3478518428%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProfessional_Windsurfing_Association_(PWA)" class="citation web cs1">Professional Windsurfing Association (PWA). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pwaworldtour.com/index.php?id=2046">"PWA WORLD WINDSURFING TOUR: Freestyle Men"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603132615/https://www.pwaworldtour.com/index.php?id=2046">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PWA+WORLD+WINDSURFING+TOUR%3A+Freestyle+Men&rft.au=Professional+Windsurfing+Association+%28PWA%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pwaworldtour.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D2046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150303173142/http://www.mangrovecenter.com/lac_bay_mangroves.html">"The Mangrove Info Center, Bonaire, Dutch Caribbean"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mangrovecenter.com/lac_bay_mangroves.html">the original</a> on 2015-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mangrove+Info+Center%2C+Bonaire%2C+Dutch+Caribbean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mangrovecenter.com%2Flac_bay_mangroves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismbonaire.com/press/update-on-cruise-and-stay-over-arrivals">"Update on Cruise and Stay Over arrivals"</a>. <i>www.tourismbonaire.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624230853/https://www.tourismbonaire.com/press/update-on-cruise-and-stay-over-arrivals">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tourismbonaire.com&rft.atitle=Update+on+Cruise+and+Stay+Over+arrivals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismbonaire.com%2Fpress%2Fupdate-on-cruise-and-stay-over-arrivals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobonaire.com/activities.html">"Bonaire Activities"</a>. InfoBonaire. 2017-06-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316070504/http://www.infobonaire.com/activities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonaire+Activities&rft.pub=InfoBonaire&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobonaire.com%2Factivities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IVM Institute for Environmental Studies, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/...tourism...bonaire/13007212-bijlage11.pdf">The Tourism Value of Nature on Bonaire</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cn.dnb.nl/en/frequently_asked_questions#!faq-4">"Frequently Asked Questions: Why Have the BES Islands Decided on the US dollar?"</a>. <i>Caribisch Nederland</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caribisch+Nederland&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+Why+Have+the+BES+Islands+Decided+on+the+US+dollar%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cn.dnb.nl%2Fen%2Ffrequently_asked_questions%23%21faq-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimapia.org/1496460/Cargill-Salt-Bonaire-N-V-Solar-Salt-Works">"Cargill Salt Bonaire N.V Solar Salt Works"</a>. <i>wikimapia.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230108003048/http://wikimapia.org/1496460/Cargill-Salt-Bonaire-N-V-Solar-Salt-Works">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wikimapia.org&rft.atitle=Cargill+Salt+Bonaire+N.V+Solar+Salt+Works&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikimapia.org%2F1496460%2FCargill-Salt-Bonaire-N-V-Solar-Salt-Works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302113103/http://www.rocargo.com/ports_serviced_bonaire_bopec.html">"Rocargo Services N.V."</a> <i>www.rocargo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocargo.com/ports_serviced_bonaire_bopec.html">the original</a> on 2023-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rocargo.com&rft.atitle=Rocargo+Services+N.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocargo.com%2Fports_serviced_bonaire_bopec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Cassin2013" class="citation web cs1">Harry Cassin (2013-08-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://petroglobalnews.com/2013/08/the-top-ten-largest-oil-tankers-ever-built/">"The Top Ten Largest Oil Tankers Ever Built"</a>. <i>Petro Global News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Petro+Global+News&rft.atitle=The+Top+Ten+Largest+Oil+Tankers+Ever+Built&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.au=Harry+Cassin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpetroglobalnews.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fthe-top-ten-largest-oil-tankers-ever-built%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rivm.nl/en/Documents_and_publications/Scientific/Reports/2013/maart/Follow_up_study_on_the_chemical_status_of_Lake_Goto_Bonaire_Measurements_and_risk_assessment">Follow-up study on the chemical status of Lake Goto, Bonaire : Measurements and risk assessment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928081159/http://www.rivm.nl/en/Documents_and_publications/Scientific/Reports/2013/maart/Follow_up_study_on_the_chemical_status_of_Lake_Goto_Bonaire_Measurements_and_risk_assessment">Archived</a> 2015-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (I&M)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonaireparadise.nl/de-dorpen-op-bonaire/">"De Dorpen op Bonaire"</a>. <i>Bonaire Paradise</i> (in Dutch). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308075315/https://www.bonaireparadise.nl/de-dorpen-op-bonaire/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bonaire+Paradise&rft.atitle=De+Dorpen+op+Bonaire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonaireparadise.nl%2Fde-dorpen-op-bonaire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pop_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pop_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2018/17/bonaire-bevolkingscijfers-per-buurt">"Bonaire, bevolkingscijfers per buurt"</a>. <i>Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek</i> (in Dutch). 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926013711/https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2018/17/bonaire-bevolkingscijfers-per-buurt">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>Sum of Entrejol (Antriol), Nikiboko, Noord Saliña, Playa and Tera Kora</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centraal+Bureau+voor+de+Statistiek&rft.atitle=Bonaire%2C+bevolkingscijfers+per+buurt&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.nl%2Fnl-nl%2Fmaatwerk%2F2018%2F17%2Fbonaire-bevolkingscijfers-per-buurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2014/51/over-80-percent-of-caribbean-netherlands-population-are-religious">"Religion in Caribbean Netherlands"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twrbonaire.com&rft.atitle=TWR+Bonaire&rft.date=1952-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twrbonaire.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monde-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_135-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_135-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_135-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonde" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Monde, Radios du. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.media-radio.info/radiodiffusion/index.php?radiodiffusion=Bonaire&id=76&cat_id=6">"Bonaire: TWR –  Radio Trans Mundial devient Shime 800 AM"</a>. <i>Michel FREMY et la radiodiffusion</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015314/https://www.media-radio.info/radiodiffusion/index.php?radiodiffusion=Bonaire&id=76&cat_id=6">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michel+FREMY+et+la+radiodiffusion&rft.atitle=Bonaire%3A+TWR+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Radio+Trans+Mundial+devient+Shime+800+AM&rft.aulast=Monde&rft.aufirst=Radios+du&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.media-radio.info%2Fradiodiffusion%2Findex.php%3Fradiodiffusion%3DBonaire%26id%3D76%26cat_id%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTube-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YouTube_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTmAQ5MNizs&t">"Farewell to RNW shortwave broadcast from Bonaire"</a>. 4 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211031/wTmAQ5MNizs">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-31 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Farewell+to+RNW+shortwave+broadcast+from+Bonaire&rft.date=2012-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DwTmAQ5MNizs%26t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABYZ_News_Links-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABYZ_News_Links_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABYZ_News_Links_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abyznewslinks.com/bonaire.htm">"Bonaire Newspapers & News Media"</a>. <i>ABYZ News Links</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015147/http://www.abyznewslinks.com/bonaire.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABYZ+News+Links&rft.atitle=Bonaire+Newspapers+%26+News+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abyznewslinks.com%2Fbonaire.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bonairetimes.com/">"Bonaire Times"</a>. <i>Bonaire Times</i>. 2019-02-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301013425/http://bonairetimes.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bonaire+Times&rft.atitle=Bonaire+Times&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbonairetimes.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202073748/http://www.cctvcoop.com/history.aspx">"Co-op History"</a>. April 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cctvcoop.com/history.aspx">the original</a> on 2019-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Co-op+History&rft.date=1997-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cctvcoop.com%2Fhistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224121200/http://www.telbo.net/tv.html">"MiTV"</a>. <i>TELBO</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telbo.net/tv.html">the original</a> on 2019-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TELBO&rft.atitle=MiTV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telbo.net%2Ftv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiani2022" class="citation web cs1">Kiani, Tamkeen (2022-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationaltoday.com/bonaire-flag-day/">"Bonaire Flag Day"</a>. <i>National Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201000352/https://nationaltoday.com/bonaire-flag-day/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Today&rft.atitle=Bonaire+Flag+Day&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft.aulast=Kiani&rft.aufirst=Tamkeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationaltoday.com%2Fbonaire-flag-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2016" class="citation news cs1">Grimes, William (23 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/whitney-smith-whose-passion-for-flags-became-a-career-dies-at-76.html">"Whitney Smith, Whose Passion for Flags Became a Career, Dies at 76"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108211541/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/whitney-smith-whose-passion-for-flags-became-a-career-dies-at-76.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Whitney+Smith%2C+Whose+Passion+for+Flags+Became+a+Career%2C+Dies+at+76&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F11%2F22%2Fus%2Fwhitney-smith-whose-passion-for-flags-became-a-career-dies-at-76.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABonaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonaire&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bonaire" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bonaire">Bonaire</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bonaire#Q25396" class="extiw" title="voy:Bonaire">Bonaire</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breathebonaire.com/">Breathe Bonaire</a> – Live webcams from Bonaire (including the first megapixel underwater webcam)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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id="Island_territories_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Island_territories_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles" title="Island territories of the Netherlands Antilles">Island territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (1951–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Windward Islands</a> (1951–1982)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles"><img alt="Netherlands Antilles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands_Antilles_%281986%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Template talk:Special municipalities of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special municipalities of the Netherlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px_Special_municipalities_of_the_Netherlands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Special municipalities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_North_America" title="Template talk:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_North_America" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 1.0em 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/120px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/180px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/240px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">St. Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">St. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dutch_colonies" title="Template talk:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dutch colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dutch_colonial_empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company_(1602–1798)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1602–1798)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Ambon" title="Governorate of Ambon">Ambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Governorate of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Celebes" title="Dutch Celebes">Celebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Formosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands#Dutch" title="Maluku Islands">Moluccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semarang#History" title="Semarang">Northeast coast of Java</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang" title="Padang">West coast of Sumatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cheribon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Malang" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Malang">Malang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Preanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontianak,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opperhoofd" title="Opperhoofd">Opperhoofd</a> settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom#Contacts_with_the_West" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Timor" title="West Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–1643)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company_(1621–1792)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (1621–1792)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_(Dutch_colony)" title="Cayenne (Dutch colony)">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Sint Eustatius and Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Loango-Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Slave Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Berbice" title="Society of Berbice">Society of Berbice</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Noordsche_Compagnie_(1614–1642)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="/wiki/Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a> (1614–1642)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1815–1975)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1815–1975)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1825</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1853</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent countries</a> of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; <a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">full independence</a> in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25396#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25396#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25396#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131335868">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205320/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtH4tgkttbkDkPD4b4THC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007633-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79059943">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561790705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/48b6011b-bfe4-49c6-b215-a6a15b9af756">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/ZxOrtWQt">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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