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<div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Supersolido" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Supersolido" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Altre opzioni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sperimentazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sperimentazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sperimentazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sperimentazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Supersolido</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 26 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="صلب فائق - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صلب فائق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Звышцякучае цвёрдае цела - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Звышцякучае цвёрдае цела" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supers%C3%B2lid" title="Supersòlid - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supersòlid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprasolidit%C3%A4t" title="Suprasolidität - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Suprasolidität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolid" title="Supersolid - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supersolid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolido" title="Supersolido - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Supersolido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supers%C3%B3lido" title="Supersólido - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supersólido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolide" title="Supersolide - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supersolide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supers%C3%B3lido" title="Supersólido - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Supersólido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8" title="अतिठोस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अतिठोस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9" title="Գերհոսուն պինդ նյութ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերհոսուն պինդ նյութ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superpadat" title="Superpadat - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Superpadat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="超固体 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="超固体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B3%A0%EC%B2%B4" title="초고체 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초고체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Суперцврст материјал - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Суперцврст материјал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അതിഖരം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അതിഖരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadsta%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Nadstałość - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadstałość" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolid" title="Supersolid - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supersolid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Сверхтекучее твёрдое тело - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сверхтекучее твёрдое тело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolid" title="Supersolid - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supersolid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Суперчврсто стање - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суперчврсто стање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCperkat%C4%B1" title="Süperkatı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süperkatı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Надтверде тіло - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Надтверде тіло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_r%E1%BA%AFn" title="Siêu rắn - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Siêu rắn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="超固体 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超固体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="超固體 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="超固體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q114739#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supersolido" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Supersolido&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supersolido"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Supersolido"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Supersolido" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Supersolido" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&oldid=136128298" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Supersolido&id=136128298&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSupersolido"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSupersolido"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Supersolido"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Supersolido&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come 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mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo fisica"><img alt="Abbozzo fisica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/45px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/68px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/90px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento fisica è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Fisica" title="Progetto:Fisica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Lo stato <b>supersolido</b> è uno <a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">stato della materia</a> condensata che possiede contemporaneamente una struttura <a href="/wiki/Cristallino" title="Cristallino">cristallina</a> e le proprietà di un <a href="/wiki/Superfluido" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluido">superfluido</a>, tra cui, in particolare, quella per cui suoi atomi possono scorrere senza <a href="/wiki/Attrito" title="Attrito">attrito</a>. Un supersolido è un materiale nel quale gli atomi hanno raggiunto lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_quantico" title="Stato quantico">stato quantico</a> di minima energia e gli atomi riescono a scorrere tra di loro con <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">viscosità</a> nulla. Questo particolare stato della materia è predetto per basse temperature. Inizialmente si pensava che l'<a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio 4</a> a 230 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">mK</a> avesse una <a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">transizione di fase</a> a supersolido, ma le osservazioni di questa transizione sono state poi smentite.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nella maggior parte delle teorie su questo stato, è supposto che i "posti vacanti", siti vuoti normalmente occupati da particelle in un cristallo ideale, esistono anche allo <a href="/wiki/Zero_assoluto" title="Zero assoluto">zero assoluto</a>. Questi posti vacanti sono causati dall'<a href="/wiki/Energia_di_punto_zero" title="Energia di punto zero">Energia di punto zero</a>, che causa anche il movimento da un sito ad un altro come delle onde. Giacché i posti vacanti sono <a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">bosoni</a>, se tale nuvola di posti vacanti esistesse a temperature estremamente basse sarebbe l'equivalente di un superfluido di particelle in direzione opposta. Malgrado la presenza di gas di posti vacanti, la struttura ordinata del cristallo sarebbe mantenuta, sebbene con una media di meno di una particella in ogni sito del reticolo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sperimentazioni">Sperimentazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Sperimentazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Sperimentazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebbene diversi esperimenti abbiano prodotto risultati negativi negli anni '80, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Goodkind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Goodkind (la pagina non esiste)">John Goodkind</a> scoprì la prima anomalia in un solido usando ultrasuoni. Ispirato dalle sue osservazioni, Eun-Seong Kim e Moses Chan della <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State University</a> videro fenomeni interpretabili come il comportamento di un supersolido<sup id="cite_ref-RefA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RefA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . Osservarono in particolare ciò che chiamarono inerzia rotazionale non classica, un inusuale deaccoppiamento dell'elio solido dalle pareti di un contenitore che non poteva essere spiegato dai modelli classici ma al deaccoppiamento simile ad un superfluido in una piccola percentuale di atomi. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>, Chan ripeté il suo esperimento originale con un nuovo apparato che fu progettato per eliminare qualsiasi contributo di elasticità dall'elio, ma non fu trovata alcuna prova della supersolidità<sup id="cite_ref-RefA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RefA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il 13 aprile <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>, ricercatori del <a href="/wiki/Politecnico_federale_di_Zurigo" title="Politecnico federale di Zurigo">Politecnico federale di Zurigo</a> (ETH) pubblicano su <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> i risultati di un loro esperimento in cui hanno utilizzato atomi di <a href="/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">rubidio</a> portati ad una <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> prossima allo zero assoluto e hanno osservato delle transizioni di fase che in alcune condizioni sono associabili al fenomeno della supersolidità, così confermando la teoria che prevedeva queste transizioni in modo diretto<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Il 16 aprile <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>, ricercatori del <a href="/wiki/Cnr" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnr">Cnr</a> e dell’<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Firenze" class="mw-redirect" title="Università di Firenze">Università di Firenze</a>, insieme a colleghi di Stoccarda e Innsbruck, hanno annunciato di aver osservato, in un esperimento condotto nel laboratorio dell’<a href="/wiki/Istituto_nazionale_di_ottica" title="Istituto nazionale di ottica">Istituto nazionale di ottica</a> di <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> (Cnr-Ino) per la prima volta un supersolido con <a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">condensati di Bose-Einstein</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.155301">Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 155301 (2012) - Absence of Supersolidity in Solid Helium in Porous Vycor Glass</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RefA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-RefA_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-RefA_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.aps.org/articles/v5/111">News article describing new experiment that finds no evidence of supersolidity with link to PRL article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lescienze.it/news/2016/04/13/news/transizione_fase_energia-3050637/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Un supersolido dal gas di rubidio</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Le Scienze</span>, 13-05-2016. <small>URL consultato il 25-04-2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lescienze.it/lanci/2019/04/16/news/il_supersolido_nuovo_stato_quantistico_della_materia-4373186/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il supersolido, nuovo stato quantistico della materia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">lescienze.it</span>, 16 aprile 2019. <small>URL consultato il 16 aprile 2019</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superfluido" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfluido">Superfluido</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supersolido&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lescienze.it/news/2007/02/19/news/supersolidi_il_mistero_s_infittisce-583415/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Supersolidi, il mistero s'infittisce</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Le_Scienze" title="Le Scienze">Le Scienze</a></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica_(quotidiano)" title="La Repubblica (quotidiano)">la Repubblica</a></i>, 19 febbraio 2007.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output 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