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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descrizione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evaporazione_naturale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaporazione_naturale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Evaporazione naturale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evaporazione_naturale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evaporazione_industriale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evaporazione_industriale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Evaporazione industriale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evaporazione_industriale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descrizione_termodinamica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descrizione_termodinamica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Descrizione termodinamica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descrizione_termodinamica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calcolo_dell'evaporazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calcolo_dell'evaporazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Calcolo dell'evaporazione</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Calcolo_dell'evaporazione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Calcolo dell'evaporazione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Calcolo_dell'evaporazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Da_specchi_liquidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da_specchi_liquidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Da specchi liquidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da_specchi_liquidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Evaporazione</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 85 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdamping" title="Verdamping - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdamping" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="تبخر - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تبخر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buxarlanma" title="Buxarlanma - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buxarlanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garav%C4%97ms" title="Garavėms - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Garavėms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebaporasyon" title="Ebaporasyon - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ebaporasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Выпарэнне - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выпарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Изпарение - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изпарение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="স্বতঃবাষ্পীভবন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বতঃবাষ্পীভবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporacija" title="Evaporacija - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Evaporacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3" title="Evaporació - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Evaporació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ӏаьнаре дерзар - ceceno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏаьнаре дерзар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ceceno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="بەھەڵمبوون - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەھەڵمبوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vypa%C5%99ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Vypařování - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vypařování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Пăслану - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăслану" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordampning" title="Fordampning - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fordampning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdunstung" title="Verdunstung - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verdunstung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Εξάτμιση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξάτμιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Evaporation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporado" title="Vaporado - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaporado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurumine" title="Aurumine - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aurumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrunketa" title="Lurrunketa - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrunketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="تبخیر سطحی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تبخیر سطحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haihtuminen" title="Haihtuminen - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Haihtuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89vaporation" title="Évaporation - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Évaporation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%BA" title="Galú - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Galú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporaci%C3%B3n" title="Evaporación - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Evaporación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA" title="התאיידות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התאיידות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8" title="वाष्पन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाष्पन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlapljenje" title="Hlapljenje - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hlapljenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporasyon" title="Evaporasyon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Evaporasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rolg%C3%A1s" title="Párolgás - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párolgás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գոլորշացում - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոլորշացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguapan" title="Penguapan - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penguapan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BA" title="蒸発 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒸発" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panguwaban" title="Panguwaban - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panguwaban" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puwlan%C4%B1w" title="Puwlanıw - kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Puwlanıw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arugen" title="Arugen - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Arugen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Булану - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Булану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3_(%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86)" title="ಬಾಷ್ಪೀಕರಣ (ಆವಿಯಾಗುವಿಕೆ) - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಷ್ಪೀಕರಣ (ಆವಿಯಾಗುವಿಕೆ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EB%B0%9C" title="증발 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="증발" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethennans" title="Ethennans - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ethennans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83" title="Буулануу - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Буулануу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporatio" title="Evaporatio - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Evaporatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaporament" title="Svaporament - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Svaporament" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8D" title="ການລະເຫີຍ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ການລະເຫີຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garavimas" title="Garavimas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztvaiko%C5%A1ana" title="Iztvaikošana - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iztvaikošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Испарување - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Испарување" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Ууршилт - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ууршилт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="बाष्पीभवन - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाष्पीभवन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyejatan" title="Penyejatan - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyejatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B6%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အငွေ့ပျံခြင်း - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အငွေ့ပျံခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="वाष्पीकरण - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वाष्पीकरण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporatie" title="Evaporatie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evaporatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordamping" title="Fordamping - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fordamping" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordampning" title="Fordampning - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fordampning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporacion" title="Evaporacion - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Evaporacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parowanie" title="Parowanie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parowanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A8%DA%93%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84)" title="بخارکېدل (په بړاس بدلېدل) - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بخارکېدل (په بړاس بدلېدل)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapora%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Evaporação - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Evaporação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsiyay" title="Wapsiyay - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsiyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporare" title="Evaporare - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Evaporare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Испарение - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испарение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlapljenje" title="Hlapljenje - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hlapljenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Evaporation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyparovanie" title="Vyparovanie - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vyparovanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izhlapevanje" title="Izhlapevanje - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izhlapevanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasauka" title="Sasauka - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sasauka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Испаравање - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Испаравање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avdunstning" title="Avdunstning - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avdunstning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvukizaji" title="Uvukizaji - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uvukizaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆவியாதல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆவியாதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2" title="การระเหย - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การระเหย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsingaw" title="Pagsingaw - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagsingaw" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buharla%C5%9Fma" title="Buharlaşma - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buharlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Випаровування - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Випаровування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="عمل تبخیر - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل تبخیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bug%CA%BBlanish" title="Bugʻlanish - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bugʻlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_h%C6%A1i" title="Bay hơi - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bay hơi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒸发" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E5%8F%91" title="蒸发 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸发" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-hoat" title="Cheng-hoat - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cheng-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" title="蒸發 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蒸發" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132814#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Vedi 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132814" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watervapor_cup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Watervapor_cup.jpg/220px-Watervapor_cup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Watervapor_cup.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Il <a href="/wiki/Vapore_acqueo" title="Vapore acqueo">vapore acqueo</a> che evapora da una tazza di tè caldo diviene visibile in seguito alla sua condensazione in minutissime goccioline. Si parla di <a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_dinamico" title="Equilibrio dinamico">equilibrio dinamico</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> l'<b>evaporazione</b> è il <a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">passaggio di stato</a> dal <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">liquido</a> a quello <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">aeriforme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> o <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iupac_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che coinvolge la sola <a href="/wiki/Superficie_(fisica)" title="Superficie (fisica)">superficie</a> del liquido. Alla <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_di_ebollizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura di ebollizione">temperatura di ebollizione</a> avviene invece il processo di <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">ebollizione</a><sup id="cite_ref-iupac_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che coinvolge l'intero volume del liquido. Entrambi i processi rappresentano il cambiamento di stato da liquido ad aeriforme vengono complessivamente identificati sotto il nome di <a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">vaporizzazione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evaporazione_naturale">Evaporazione naturale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Evaporazione naturale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Evaporazione naturale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In natura l'evaporazione è fondamentale nel <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_dell%27acqua" title="Ciclo dell'acqua">ciclo dell'acqua</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fiume" title="Fiume">fiumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lago" title="Lago">laghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mare" title="Mare">mari</a> e <a href="/wiki/Oceano" title="Oceano">oceani</a> cedono parte della propria <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> che raggiunge l'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera terrestre</a> sotto forma di <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a>, dove è funzione della <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_dell%27aria" title="Temperatura dell'aria">temperatura dell'aria</a>, dell'<a href="/wiki/Umidit%C3%A0_relativa" title="Umidità relativa">umidità relativa</a> e della velocità del <a href="/wiki/Vento" title="Vento">vento</a>. Il vapore per <a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">condensazione</a> si trasforma successivamente in <a href="/wiki/Pioggia" title="Pioggia">pioggia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neve" title="Neve">neve</a> o <a href="/wiki/Grandine" title="Grandine">grandine</a>. La fonte esterna di <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> è l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_radiante" title="Energia radiante">energia radiante</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sole" title="Sole">Sole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'evaporazione è funzione diretta della temperatura e funzione inversa della pressione di vapore (<a href="/wiki/Umidit%C3%A0_relativa" title="Umidità relativa">umidità relativa</a>) dell'ambiente: all'aumentare della temperatura aumenta il <a href="/wiki/Flusso" title="Flusso">flusso</a> evaporante e alla <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_satura" class="mw-redirect" title="Soluzione satura">saturazione</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Ambiente_(termodinamica)" title="Ambiente (termodinamica)">ambiente</a> si ha raggiungimento dell'<a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_(termodinamica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrio (termodinamica)">equilibrio</a> cioè a ogni <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecola</a> che evapora in un dato intervallo di tempo ce n'è in media un'altra che ritorna nella fase liquida nello stesso intervallo di tempo. </p><p>Anche la circolazione aerea ovvero il <a href="/wiki/Vento" title="Vento">vento</a> può favorire l'evaporazione. Nelle <a href="/wiki/Salina" title="Salina">saline</a> si sfrutta il fenomeno dell'evaporazione naturale per la produzione di <a href="/wiki/Sale" title="Sale">sale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evaporazione_industriale">Evaporazione industriale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Evaporazione industriale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Evaporazione industriale"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Evaporatore" title="Evaporatore">Evaporatore</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NaOH_Evaporator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NaOH_Evaporator.jpg/220px-NaOH_Evaporator.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NaOH_Evaporator.jpg/330px-NaOH_Evaporator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/NaOH_Evaporator.jpg/440px-NaOH_Evaporator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="2714" /></a><figcaption>Evaporatore a film cadente per il trattamento della <a href="/wiki/Soda_caustica" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda caustica">soda caustica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'evaporazione in impiantistica è il nome di due <a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">operazioni unitarie</a> in cui: </p> <ul><li>viene rimosso, mediante somministrazione di <a href="/wiki/Energia_termica" title="Energia termica">energia termica</a>, un componente non volatile di una <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzione</a> o di una <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">sospensione</a> (che viene portata oltre il suo <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">punto di ebollizione</a>), ottenendo così una soluzione o sospensione più <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(chimica)" title="Concentrazione (chimica)">concentrata</a> negli altri componenti;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-evaporazione_discrepanza_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evaporazione_discrepanza-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>viene scambiato <a href="/wiki/Calore" title="Calore">calore</a> allo scopo di ottenere la <a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">vaporizzazione</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido">liquido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evaporazione_discrepanza_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evaporazione_discrepanza-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ne è un esempio l'evaporatore di un <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_frigorifero" title="Ciclo frigorifero">ciclo frigorifero</a>.</li></ul> <p>Nel primo caso l'obiettivo dell'operazione è la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Separazione_(tecnologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Separazione (tecnologia) (la pagina non esiste)">separazione</a>, mentre nel secondo caso è lo <a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_del_calore" title="Trasmissione del calore">scambio termico</a>. </p><p>In ambedue i casi l'apparecchiatura atta a compiere il processo unitario è detta <a href="/wiki/Evaporatore" title="Evaporatore">evaporatore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione_termodinamica">Descrizione termodinamica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione termodinamica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione termodinamica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel processo di evaporazione, che è sempre <a href="/wiki/Processo_endotermico" title="Processo endotermico">endotermico</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-iupac_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iupac-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> l'<a href="/wiki/Entalpia" title="Entalpia">entalpia</a> del liquido soggetto a evaporazione diminuisce, per sottrazione di <a href="/wiki/Energia_cinetica" title="Energia cinetica">energia cinetica</a>, di una quantità specifica denominata <a href="/wiki/Calore_latente" title="Calore latente">calore latente</a>. Nei liquidi <a href="/wiki/Sostanza_pura" title="Sostanza pura">puri</a> (ossia non in <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">soluzione</a>) questa cessione di <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> avviene in <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_isotermica" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazione isotermica">modo isotermico</a>, ossia senza variazione di <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>. </p><p>A differenza del fenomeno dell'<a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">ebollizione</a>, che avviene a temperature caratteristiche per ogni sostanza (a <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a> fissata) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenomeno_massivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenomeno massivo (la pagina non esiste)">coinvolge l'intera massa</a> di liquido, l'evaporazione avviene a qualsiasi temperatura, e coinvolge solo il <a href="/wiki/Pelo_libero" title="Pelo libero">pelo libero</a> di un liquido.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In queste condizioni una molecola evapora dal liquido se acquista energia cinetica sufficiente ad allontanarsi dal <a href="/wiki/Pelo_libero" title="Pelo libero">pelo libero</a> del liquido, il che avviene in maniera del tutto <a href="/wiki/Casualit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Casualità">casuale</a> ovvero secondo le leggi della <a href="/wiki/Statistica" title="Statistica">statistica</a>. </p><p>Il fenomeno dell'evaporazione segue la <a href="/wiki/Legge_delle_pressioni_parziali" title="Legge delle pressioni parziali">legge delle pressioni parziali di Dalton</a>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G=-\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>δ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G=-\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74ac9ad0fe9c31f55853dbcb458feebb313e7141" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:21.366ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G=-\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li>G = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portata_specifica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portata specifica (la pagina non esiste)">portata specifica</a> di evaporazione;</li> <li>δ = spessore dello strato limite;</li> <li>ρ<sub>s</sub> = densità del vapore su superficie evaporante;</li> <li>ρ<sub>r</sub> = densità del vapore su interfaccia strato limite – atmosfera;</li> <li>D = <a href="/wiki/Diffusivit%C3%A0_di_materia" title="Diffusività di materia">diffusività</a> del vapore per il fluido in evaporazione;</li></ul> <p>oppure, in termini energetici: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>l</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>ρ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>δ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/424708e3d0b9fca6748a1cb013cec966f7456fdd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:25.396ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\left[D{\frac {\left(\rho _{s}-\rho _{r}\right)}{\delta }}\right]}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li>q = <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flusso_termico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flusso termico (la pagina non esiste)">flusso termico</a> di evaporazione;</li> <li>Δh<sub>lg</sub> = <a href="/wiki/Calore_latente_di_vaporizzazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Calore latente di vaporizzazione">calore latente di vaporizzazione</a>.</li></ul> <p>Per trasformare l'equazione in termini di <a href="/wiki/Tensione_di_vapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensione di vapore">tensione di vapore</a> si può ipotizzare in prima approssimazione l'<a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato_dei_gas_perfetti" title="Equazione di stato dei gas perfetti">equazione di stato dei gas perfetti</a>; per esempio, per l'acqua: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m_{m}}{R}}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}={\frac {18\ \mathrm {g/mol} }{8,314\ \mathrm {J/mol/K} }}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}=2,165\ \mathrm {\frac {g\cdot K}{J}} \cdot {\frac {p}{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>R</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>18</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>314</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>165</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">K</mi> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m_{m}}{R}}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}={\frac {18\ \mathrm {g/mol} }{8,314\ \mathrm {J/mol/K} }}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}=2,165\ \mathrm {\frac {g\cdot K}{J}} \cdot {\frac {p}{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98806d8b1fa9aea3f1bce7f4c926cf4bac074a2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:55.427ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {m_{m}}{R}}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}={\frac {18\ \mathrm {g/mol} }{8,314\ \mathrm {J/mol/K} }}\cdot {\frac {p}{T}}=2,165\ \mathrm {\frac {g\cdot K}{J}} \cdot {\frac {p}{T}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span> = temperatura;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span> = pressione;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">densità</a>;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m_{m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m_{m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c1d69ff76c0dfc9a734e6b72cb50afe8a374c398" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.715ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m_{m}}"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Massa_molare" title="Massa molare">massa molare</a>;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> = <a href="/wiki/Costante_universale_dei_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Costante universale dei gas">costante universale dei gas</a>;</li></ul> <p>e quindi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot D\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot \delta }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>l</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>165</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>δ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot D\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot \delta }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d8ef58295f45d6b3602474bbd4699b57095fe1bb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:31.918ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot D\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot \delta }}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li>p<sub>s</sub> = tensione di vapore su superficie evaporante;</li> <li>p<sub>r</sub> = tensione di vapore su interfaccia strato limite atmosfera;</li></ul> <p>e quindi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot R_{a}\cdot R_{t}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>l</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>165</mn> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot R_{a}\cdot R_{t}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37acafbbcba363dc8b8ce503fd3d6ae153363787" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:28.314ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q=-\Delta h_{lg}\cdot {\frac {2,165\left(p_{s}-p_{r}\right)}{T\cdot R_{a}\cdot R_{t}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li>Ra = δ/D (resistenza alla diffusione);</li> <li>R<sub>t</sub> = resistenza aggiuntiva (se, per esempio, il fluido evaporante si trova all'interno di tessuti vegetali).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calcolo_dell'evaporazione"><span id="Calcolo_dell.27evaporazione"></span>Calcolo dell'evaporazione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Calcolo dell'evaporazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Calcolo dell'evaporazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da_specchi_liquidi">Da specchi liquidi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Da specchi liquidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Da specchi liquidi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il calcolo della quantità d'acqua evaporata da specchi liquidi in generale non è banale e in letteratura si prediligono espressioni empiriche che forniscono valori dell'evaporazione giornaliera, mensile o annua; ad esempio Rohuver (1931) propone per il calcolo dell'evaporazione giornaliera (mm/giorno):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{g}=0,771\cdot (1,465-0,0007\cdot p)(0,44+w)(E-e)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>771</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>465</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0007</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>44</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{g}=0,771\cdot (1,465-0,0007\cdot p)(0,44+w)(E-e)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bc2bbc948beff4a5bda8381ee0c557b7fd466dbd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:50.938ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{g}=0,771\cdot (1,465-0,0007\cdot p)(0,44+w)(E-e)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4232c9de2ee3eec0a9c0a19b15ab92daa6223f9b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E}"></span> è la tensione di vapore saturo (<a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a>);</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd253103f0876afc68ebead27a5aa9867d927467" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.083ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e}"></span> è la tensione di vapore presente (<a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a>);</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}"></span> è la pressione barometrica (<a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a>);</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>w</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}"></span> velocità del vento (km/h);</li></ul> <p>Dalton (1802) propone per l'evaporazione mensile (mm/mese):<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{m}=k\cdot ({\bar {E}}-{\bar {e}})\cdot {760 \over {\bar {p}}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>760</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{m}=k\cdot ({\bar {E}}-{\bar {e}})\cdot {760 \over {\bar {p}}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/091074c78c5f5fd5424fdffc8745de0db8c8a276" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:23.114ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{m}=k\cdot ({\bar {E}}-{\bar {e}})\cdot {760 \over {\bar {p}}},}"></span></dd></dl> <p>essendo: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {E}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {E}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed363cd67585ae2f4fca9ef286c76109cdf1d503" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.776ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {E}}}"></span> ed <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bar {e}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>e</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bar {e}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/893c02cc53af04666260e3ee2411b66ef1c6d6d5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.292ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bar {e}}}"></span> riferite alla temperatura media mensile;</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,56}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>56</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,56}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/842a5a79eb5dfdb3f9f7ad819818fb1ee0700976" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.831ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,56}"></span> per aria poco mossa e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=0,70}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>70</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=0,70}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74f7d639e4dc1e25247abcfc289106d69cb02e69" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.831ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=0,70}"></span> con vento moderato.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iupac-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iupac_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iupac_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-iupac_1-2">c</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E02227"><span style="font-style:italic;">IUPAC - evaporation (E02227)</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">goldbook.iupac.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 98</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713233821/http://www.itimajor.it/documenti/MaterialeISS/ISS%20documenti%20seminario%202009/acqua/il%20ciclo%20dell%27acqua/Il%20Ciclo%20dell%E2%80%99acqua%202.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Il ciclo dell'acqua</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">itimajor.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 6 giugno 2009</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.itimajor.it/documenti/MaterialeISS/ISS%20documenti%20seminario%202009/acqua/il%20ciclo%20dell%27acqua/Il%20Ciclo%20dell%E2%80%99acqua%202.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 13 luglio 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Silvana Cavella, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713151741/http://www.federica.unina.it/agraria/operazioni-unitarie-industria-alimentare/concentrazione-per-evaporazione-principi-teorici-dimensionamento-di-un-evaporatore-a-singolo-effetto/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Concentrazione per evaporazione: Principi teorici</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.federica.unina.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2023</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.federica.unina.it/agraria/operazioni-unitarie-industria-alimentare/concentrazione-per-evaporazione-principi-teorici-dimensionamento-di-un-evaporatore-a-singolo-effetto/">url originale</abbr> il 13 luglio 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evaporazione_discrepanza-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-evaporazione_discrepanza_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-evaporazione_discrepanza_5-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Si noti che rispetto al significato comune del termine si ha una discrepanza: infatti durante l'evaporazione (impiantisticamente parlando) si ha in realtà la transizione di fase che viene indicata con il nome di ebollizione (differente dall'evaporazione).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfred.it/Scuola/Fisica/Vaporizzazione/Evaporazione_ebollizione.asp"><span style="font-style:italic;">Differenza tra evaporazione ed ebollizione</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.interfred.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 giugno 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFDa_Deppo_et_al._(1997)">Da Deppo et al. (1997)</a>, pp. 46-47</cite>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li> <li>Robert H. Perry, Don W. Green - Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition pp- 11-107 segg.- McGraw Hill - <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0071422943" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-142294-3</a></li> <li>D. Q. Kern - Process Heat Transfer (1950) - McGraw-Hill - <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0070341907" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-034190-7</a></li> <li>Guarise G. Berto, "Lezioni di impianti chimici. Concentrazione per evaporazione, cristallizzazione", editore CLEUP, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8871787951" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7178-795-1</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDa_Deppo_et_al._(1997)" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Da Deppo, Claudio Datei e Paolo Salandin, <span style="font-style:italic;">Sistemazione dei corsi d'acqua</span>, 2ª ed., 1997, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7784-171-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7784-171-0">88-7784-171-0</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">Distillazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporatore" title="Evaporatore">Evaporatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporatore_atmosferico" title="Evaporatore atmosferico">Evaporatore atmosferico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">Vapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporatore_rotante" title="Evaporatore rotante">Evaporatore rotante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase (chimica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_vaporizzazione" title="Entalpia di vaporizzazione">Entalpia di vaporizzazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">Operazione unitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">Vaporizzazione</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Micro_e_nanotecnologia/Microtecnologia/Film_sottili/Evaporazione" class="extiw" title="b:Micro e nanotecnologia/Microtecnologia/Film sottili/Evaporazione">Wikibooks</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/evaporazione" class="extiw" title="wikt:evaporazione">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Evaporation"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evaporation?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikibooks"><img alt="Collabora a Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/18px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/36px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="b:">Wikibooks</a> contiene testi o manuali sull'<b><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Micro_e_nanotecnologia/Microtecnologia/Film_sottili/Evaporazione" class="extiw" title="b:Micro e nanotecnologia/Microtecnologia/Film sottili/Evaporazione">evaporazione</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/evaporazione" class="extiw" title="wikt:evaporazione">evaporazione</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sull'<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Evaporation?uselang=it">evaporazione</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evaporazione&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/evaporation"><span style="font-style:italic;">evaporation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edscuola.it/archivio/comprensivi/ai_evaporazione.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Percorso didattico sull'evaporazione</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), su <span style="font-style:italic;">edscuola.it</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/a021/021011.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">L'evaporazione dagli specchi liquidi</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/255px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/340px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Cambiamenti di stato</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Fusione_(fisica)" title="Fusione (fisica)">Fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">Solidificazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione" title="Cristallizzazione">Cristallizzazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">Ebollizione</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evaporazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">Condensazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brinamento" title="Brinamento">Brinamento</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">Miscele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Caligine" title="Caligine">Caligine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">Sospensione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dispersione_(chimica)" title="Dispersione (chimica)">Dispersione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">Lega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nebbia" title="Nebbia">Nebbia</a><b> ·</b> <a 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quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido_ideale" title="Fluido ideale">Fluido ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_Rydberg" title="Materia di Rydberg">Materia di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone_di_Rydberg" title="Polarone di Rydberg">Polarone di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_quark" title="Materia di quark">Materia di quark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquido_di_spin_quantistico" title="Liquido di spin quantistico">Liquido di spin quantistico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitonio" title="Eccitonio">Eccitonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eccitone_legato_al_fotone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eccitone legato al fotone (la pagina non esiste)">Eccitone legato al fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_a_fusione_di_catena" title="Stato a fusione di catena">Stato a fusione di catena</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Concetti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo">Punto triplo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_critico_(termodinamica)" title="Punto critico (termodinamica)">Punto critico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato" title="Equazione di stato">Equazione di stato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_raffreddamento" title="Curva di raffreddamento">Curva di raffreddamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(chimica)" title="Solidus (chimica)">Solidus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquidus" title="Liquidus">Liquidus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314"><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Processi_di_separazione"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="background:#b0c4de;"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Processi_di_separazione" title="Template:Processi di separazione"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Processi_di_separazione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Processi di separazione (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Processi_di_separazione&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Processi di separazione</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;">Processi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;background:#fafad2;"><a href="/wiki/Absorbimento" title="Absorbimento">Absorbimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Adsorbimento" title="Adsorbimento">Adsorbimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Assorbimento_(chimica)" title="Assorbimento (chimica)">Assorbimento</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assorbimento_gas-liquido" title="Assorbimento gas-liquido">Assorbimento gas-liquido</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_(processo)" title="Concentrazione (processo)">Concentrazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione_frazionata" title="Cristallizzazione frazionata">Cristallizzazione frazionata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Degasaggio" title="Degasaggio">Degasaggio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dialisi_(fisica)" title="Dialisi (fisica)">Dialisi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettrodialisi" title="Elettrodialisi">Elettrodialisi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroflottazione" title="Elettroflottazione">Elettroflottazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Essiccamento" title="Essiccamento">Essiccamento</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evaporazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione_flash" title="Evaporazione flash">Evaporazione flash</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flocculazione" title="Flocculazione">Flocculazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Flottazione" title="Flottazione">Flottazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lisciviazione" title="Lisciviazione">Lisciviazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metodo_dei_liquidi_pesanti" title="Metodo dei liquidi pesanti">Metodo dei liquidi pesanti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Osmosi" title="Osmosi">Osmosi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Osmosi_inversa" title="Osmosi inversa">Osmosi inversa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Precipitazione_(chimica)" title="Precipitazione (chimica)">Precipitazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scambio_ionico" title="Scambio ionico">Scambio ionico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sedimentazione" title="Sedimentazione">Sedimentazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Setacciatura" title="Setacciatura">Setacciatura</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a> <table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Cromatografia" title="Cromatografia">Cromatografia</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_a_permeazione_di_gel" title="Cromatografia a permeazione di gel">Cromatografia a permeazione di gel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_a_scambio_ionico" title="Cromatografia a scambio ionico">Cromatografia a scambio ionico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_adsorbimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromatografia di adsorbimento">Cromatografia di adsorbimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_esclusione_molecolare" title="Cromatografia di esclusione molecolare">Cromatografia di esclusione molecolare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_affinit%C3%A0" title="Cromatografia di affinità">Cromatografia di affinità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_di_ripartizione" title="Cromatografia di ripartizione">Cromatografia di ripartizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_liquida_ad_alta_prestazione" title="Cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione">Cromatografia liquida ad alta prestazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_su_carta" title="Cromatografia su carta">Cromatografia su carta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cromatografia_su_strato_sottile" title="Cromatografia su strato sottile">Cromatografia su strato sottile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gascromatografia" title="Gascromatografia">Gascromatografia</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">Distillazione</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Distillazione_azeotropica" title="Distillazione azeotropica">Distillazione azeotropica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_catalitica" title="Distillazione catalitica">Distillazione catalitica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_frazionata" title="Distillazione frazionata">Distillazione frazionata</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_in_corrente_di_vapore" title="Distillazione in corrente di vapore">Distillazione in corrente di vapore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_molecolare" title="Distillazione molecolare">Distillazione molecolare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Distillazione_sottovuoto" title="Distillazione sottovuoto">Distillazione sottovuoto</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi" title="Elettroforesi">Elettroforesi</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi_bidimensionale" title="Elettroforesi bidimensionale">Elettroforesi bidimensionale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi_capillare" title="Elettroforesi capillare">Elettroforesi capillare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi_delle_sieroproteine" title="Elettroforesi delle sieroproteine">Elettroforesi delle sieroproteine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi_su_gel_di_agarosio" title="Elettroforesi su gel di agarosio">Elettroforesi su gel di agarosio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elettroforesi_su_gel_di_poliacrilammide" title="Elettroforesi su gel di poliacrilammide">Elettroforesi su gel di poliacrilammide</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_(chimica)" title="Estrazione (chimica)">Estrazione</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Estrazione_liquido-liquido" title="Estrazione liquido-liquido">Estrazione liquido-liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Estrazione_accelerata_con_solvente" title="Estrazione accelerata con solvente">Estrazione accelerata con solvente</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Filtrazione" title="Filtrazione">Filtrazione</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Diafiltrazione" title="Diafiltrazione">Diafiltrazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Microfiltrazione" title="Microfiltrazione">Microfiltrazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nanofiltrazione" title="Nanofiltrazione">Nanofiltrazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiltrazione" title="Ultrafiltrazione">Ultrafiltrazione</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChemSepProcDiagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ChemSepProcDiagram.svg/81px-ChemSepProcDiagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ChemSepProcDiagram.svg/122px-ChemSepProcDiagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/ChemSepProcDiagram.svg/162px-ChemSepProcDiagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;"><a href="/wiki/Apparecchiature_chimiche" title="Apparecchiature chimiche">Apparecchiature<br />chimiche</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;background:#fafad2;"><a href="/wiki/Addolcitore" title="Addolcitore">Addolcitore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomizzatore" title="Atomizzatore">Atomizzatore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Centrifuga_(tecnologie_chimiche)" title="Centrifuga (tecnologie chimiche)">Centrifuga</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colonna_a_piatti" title="Colonna a piatti">Colonna a piatti</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colonna_a_riempimento" title="Colonna a riempimento">Colonna a riempimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colonna_di_assorbimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonna di assorbimento">Colonna di assorbimento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colonna_di_distillazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonna di distillazione">Colonna di distillazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzatore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristallizzatore">Cristallizzatore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Demister" title="Demister">Demister</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Estrattore_Soxhlet" title="Estrattore Soxhlet">Estrattore Soxhlet</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporatore" title="Evaporatore">Evaporatore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filtro_a_giostra" title="Filtro a giostra">Filtro a giostra</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filtro_a_maniche" title="Filtro a maniche">Filtro a maniche</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filtro_a_tamburo" title="Filtro a tamburo">Filtro a tamburo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filtropressa" title="Filtropressa">Filtropressa</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Precipitatore_elettrostatico" title="Precipitatore elettrostatico">Precipitatore elettrostatico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scrubber" title="Scrubber">Scrubber</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ultracentrifuga" title="Ultracentrifuga">Ultracentrifuga</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:right;background:#b0e0e6;color:#00008b;">Varie</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;background:#fafad2;"><a href="/wiki/Scambio_di_materia" title="Scambio di materia">Scambio di materia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Operazione_unitaria" title="Operazione unitaria">Operazione unitaria</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Membrana_semipermeabile" title="Membrana semipermeabile">Membrana semipermeabile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Resina_a_scambio_ionico" title="Resina a scambio ionico">Resina a scambio ionico</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85045954">sh85045954</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4187636-2">4187636-2</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977682t">cb11977682t</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977682t">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560301305171">987007560301305171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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