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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jurij Vega</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="يوري فيغا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوري فيغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7" title="یوری وقا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوری وقا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Георг Вега – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Георг Вега" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_von_Vega" title="Georg von Vega – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georg von Vega" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Bartolomej_Vega" title="Jurij Bartolomej Vega – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jurij Bartolomej Vega" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="یوری وگا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوری وگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B2%A0%EA%B0%80" title="유리 베가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유리 베가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="يورى فيجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يورى فيجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Вега, Георг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вега, Георг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Јуриј Вега – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јуриј Вега" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurij_Vega" title="Jurij Vega – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jurij Vega" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Георг Вега – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Георг Вега" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Slovene mathematician, physicist, and artillery officer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jurij Vega</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg/220px-Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg/330px-Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg/440px-Georg_Freiherr_von_Vega_1802.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1672" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vega in an 1802 illustration</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jurij Bartolomej Vega</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1754-03-23</span>)</span>March 23, 1754<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Zagorica_pri_Dolskem" title="Zagorica pri Dolskem">Zagorica pri Dolskem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 26, 1802<span style="display:none">(1802-09-26)</span> (aged 48)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%9Fdorf,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Nußdorf, Vienna">Nußdorf</a> near <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Archduchy of Austria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> College of Ljubljana<br />(<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jezuitski_kolegij_v_Ljubljani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani (page does not exist)">Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezuitski_kolegij_v_Ljubljani" class="extiw" title="sl:Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani">sl</a>]</span></i>)<br />(1767–1773)<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Ljubljana <a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a><br />(<i>Licej v Ljubljani</i>)<br />(1773–1775; <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a>, 1775)<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences Mainz">Academy of Practical Sciences in Mainz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gruber" title="Gabriel Gruber">Gabriel Gruber</a><sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Joseph Giuseppe Jakob von Maffei<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignaz_Lindner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignaz Lindner (page does not exist)">Ignaz Lindner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Lindner" class="extiw" title="sl:Ignaz Lindner">sl</a>]</span><sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> <b>Jurij Bartolomej Vega</b> (also <b>Veha</b>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Georgius Bartholomaei Vecha</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Georg Freiherr von Vega</i>; born <i>Vehovec</i>, March 23, 1754 – September 26, 1802) was a <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">officer</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:323px;max-width:323px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg/180px-Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg/270px-Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg/360px-Birthplace_of_Jurij_Vega.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Jurij Vega's birth place</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG/135px-Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG/203px-Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG/270px-Zagorica_pri_Dolskem_Slovenia_-_plaque.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2033" data-file-height="2026" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Plaque on house</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Born to a farmer's family<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the small village of <a href="/wiki/Zagorica_pri_Dolskem" title="Zagorica pri Dolskem">Zagorica</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, Vega was 6 years old when his father Jernej Veha died. Vega was educated first in Moravče and later attended high school for six years (1767–1773) in Ljubljana (the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> College of Ljubljana, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jezuitski_kolegij_v_Ljubljani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani (page does not exist)">Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezuitski_kolegij_v_Ljubljani" class="extiw" title="sl:Jezuitski kolegij v Ljubljani">sl</a>]</span></i>), studying Latin, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, German, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>. At that time there were about 500 students there. He was a schoolfellow of <a href="/wiki/Anton_Toma%C5%BE_Linhart" title="Anton Tomaž Linhart">Anton Tomaž Linhart</a>, a Slovenian writer and historian. Vega finished high school when he was 19, in 1773. After completing his studies at the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a> of Ljubljana (Licej v Ljubljani) he became a navigational engineer in 1775. <i>Tentamen philosophicum</i>, a list of questions for his comprehensive examination, was preserved and is available in the Mathematical Library in Ljubljana. The problems cover <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">metaphysics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">trigonometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodesy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereometry">stereometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Curve" title="Curve">curves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a>, and general and special <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vega left Ljubljana five years after graduation and entered military service in 1780 as a professor of mathematics at the Artillery School in Vienna. At that time he started to sign his last name as <i>Vega</i> and no longer <i>Veha</i>. When Vega was 33 he married Josefa Svoboda (Jožefa Swoboda) (1771–1800), a <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech</a> noble from <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice" title="České Budějovice">České Budějovice</a> who was 16 at that time. </p><p>Vega participated in several wars. In 1788 he served under Austrian Imperial Field-Marshal <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gideon_von_Laudon" title="Ernst Gideon von Laudon">Ernst Gideon von Laudon</a> (1717–1790) in a campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. His command of several <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a> batteries contributed considerably to the fall of the Belgrade fortress. Between 1793 and 1797 he fought <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolutionaries</a> under the command of Austrian General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dagobert_Wurmser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dagobert Wurmser (page does not exist)">Dagobert-Sigismond de Wurmser</a> (1724–1797) with the European coalition on the Austrian side. He fought at <a href="/wiki/Fort-Louis" title="Fort-Louis">Fort Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diez,_Germany" title="Diez, Germany">Dietz</a>. In 1795 he had two 30-pound (14 kilogram) mortars cast, with conically drilled bases and a greater charge, for a firing range up to 3000 metres (3300 yards). The old 60 lb (27 kg) mortars had a range of only 1800 m (2000 yd). </p><p>In September 1802 Vega was reported missing. After a few days' search his body was found. The police report concluded that his death was an accident. It is believed that he died on 26 September 1802 in <a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%9Fdorf,_Vienna" class="mw-redirect" title="Nußdorf, Vienna">Nußdorf</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> capital, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematical_accomplishments">Mathematical accomplishments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mathematical accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische,_tabula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg/220px-Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg/330px-Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg/440px-Houghton_Math_837.97_-_Logarithmisch-trigonometrische%2C_tabula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1479" /></a><figcaption>"Tabula logarithmorum vulgarium", 1797</figcaption></figure> <p>Vega published a series of books of <a href="/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">logarithm</a> tables. The first one appeared in 1783. Much later, in 1797 it was followed by a second volume that contained a collection of integrals and other useful formulae. His <i>Handbook</i>, which was originally published in 1793, was later translated into several languages and appeared in over 100 issues. His major work was <i>Thesaurus Logarithmorum Completus</i> (<i>Treasury of all Logarithms</i>) that was first published 1794 in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> (its 90th edition was published in 1924). This <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_table" title="Mathematical table">mathematical table</a> was actually based on <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Vlacq" title="Adriaan Vlacq">Adriaan Vlacq</a>'s tables, but corrected a number of errors and extended the logarithms of trigonometric functions for the small angles. An engineer, Franc Allmer, honourable senator of the <a href="/wiki/Graz_University_of_Technology" title="Graz University of Technology">Graz University of Technology</a>, has found Vega's logarithmic tables with 10 <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> places in the Museum of Carl Friedrich Gauss in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a> used this work frequently and he has written in it several calculations. Gauss has also found some of Vega's errors in the calculations in the range of numbers, of which there are more than a million. A copy of Vega's <i>Thesaurus</i> belonging to the private collection of the British mathematician and computing pioneer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a> (1791–1871) is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory, Edinburgh">Royal Observatory, Edinburgh</a>. </p><p>Over the years Vega wrote a four-volume textbook <i>Vorlesungen über die Mathematik</i> (<i>Lectures about Mathematics</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Volume I</i> appeared in 1782 when he was 28 years old, <i>Volume II</i> in 1784, <i>Volume III</i> in 1788 and <i>Volume IV</i> in 1800. His textbooks also contain interesting tables: for instance, in <i>Volume II</i> one can find <a href="/wiki/Exact_trigonometric_constants" class="mw-redirect" title="Exact trigonometric constants">closed form expressions for sines of multiples of 3 degrees</a>, written in a form easy to work with. </p><p>Vega wrote at least six scientific papers. On August 20, 1789, Vega achieved a world record when he calculated <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">pi</a> to 140 places, of which the first 126 were correct.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This calculation he proposed to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in the booklet <i>V. razprava (The fifth discussion)</i>, where he had found with his calculating method an error on the 113th place from the estimation of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fantet_de_Lagny" title="Thomas Fantet de Lagny">Thomas Fantet de Lagny</a> (1660–1734) from 1719 of 127 places. Vega retained his record 52 years until 1841 and his method is mentioned still today. His article was not published by the academy until six years later, in 1795. Vega had improved <a href="/wiki/John_Machin" title="John Machin">John Machin</a>'s formula from 1706: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=4\arctan \left({1 \over 5}\right)-\arctan \left({1 \over 239}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>239</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=4\arctan \left({1 \over 5}\right)-\arctan \left({1 \over 239}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/954a7253fb8a8e839e420cad9e7d2755be6fefeb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:35.753ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=4\arctan \left({1 \over 5}\right)-\arctan \left({1 \over 239}\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>with his formula, which is equal to <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler's</a> formula from 1755: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=5\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)+2\arctan \left({3 \over 79}\right)\;,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>7</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>79</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=5\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)+2\arctan \left({3 \over 79}\right)\;,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/064aa4639880d2cd03fe022ba6c1f86d52d31d4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:37.432ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=5\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)+2\arctan \left({3 \over 79}\right)\;,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>and which converges faster than Machin's formula. He had checked his result with the similar Hutton's formula:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=2\arctan \left({1 \over 3}\right)+\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)\;.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>π</mi> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>arctan</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>7</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=2\arctan \left({1 \over 3}\right)+\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)\;.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f012799b402bfe6cc20f9ee0becfac0bd8c00ae6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:34.72ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\pi \over 4}=2\arctan \left({1 \over 3}\right)+\arctan \left({1 \over 7}\right)\;.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>He had developed the second term in the series only once. </p><p>Although he worked in the subjects of <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, his major contributions are to the mathematics of the second half of the 18th century. </p><p>In 1781 Vega tried to push further his idea in the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg monarchy</a> about the usage of the decimal <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a> of units. His idea was not accepted, but it was introduced later under the emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_I_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Josef I of Austria">Franz Josef I</a> in 1871. </p><p>Vega was a member of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Sciences_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Applied Sciences Mainz">Academy of Practical Sciences in Mainz</a>, the Physical and Mathematical Society of <a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a>, the Bohemian Scientific Society in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, and the Prussian Academy of Sciences in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. He was also an associate member of the British Scientific Society in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>. He was awarded the Order of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria">Maria Theresa</a> on May 11, 1796. In 1800 Vega obtained a title of hereditary baron including the right to his own coat of arms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurij Vega High School (page does not exist)">Jurij Vega High School</a> (<i>Gimnazija Jurija Vege</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Idrija" title="Idrija">Idrija</a> was founded in 1901 as the first Slovene <i><a href="/wiki/Realschule" class="mw-redirect" title="Realschule">Realschule</a></i>. In 1935, <a href="/wiki/Vega_(crater)" title="Vega (crater)">Vega (crater)</a> on the Moon was named after Vega. The National Bank of Slovenia put into circulation a 50 <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_tolar" title="Slovenian tolar">tolar</a> banknote in his honour in March 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Post_of_Slovenia" title="Post of Slovenia">Slovene Post Office</a> issued a stamp honouring Vega in 1994. In 2004 Slovenia issued coins commemorating his 250th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/14966_Jurijvega" class="mw-redirect" title="14966 Jurijvega">14966 Jurijvega</a>, discovered on July 30, 1997, is named after him. <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>'s Vega Astronomical Society<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is named after both Jurij Vega and the star <a href="/wiki/Vega" title="Vega">Vega</a>. The star, however, is <i>not</i> named after Jurij Vega and its name is much older. A free open-source physics library for 3D deformable object simulation, Vega FEM, has also been named after Vega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_genealogy">Scientific genealogy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scientific genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vega is also notable as the tutor and academic advisor of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignaz_Lindner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ignaz Lindner (page does not exist)">Ignaz Lindner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_Lindner" class="extiw" title="sl:Ignaz Lindner">sl</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-SZ_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in a notable <a href="/wiki/Scientific_genealogy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific genealogy">scientific genealogy</a> (see Academic genealogy of theoretical physicists: Jurij Vega). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SZ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SZ_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanislav Južnič, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/14208393/Georg_Vega_Slovenian_Archimedes_from_Pasture_to_Baron_">"Georg Vega, Slovenian Archimedes (from Pasture to Baron)"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Šuman, Josef; Simonič, Franz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uZkJAAAAIAAJ&q=Georg+Vega"><i>Die Völker Oesterreich-ungarns. Ethnographische und culturhistorische Schilderungen</i></a>, Vol. 10., K. Prochaska Press, 1881., p. 182: "Der Bauernsohn Georg Vega, geboren 1754 zu Zagoric in der Moräutscher Pfarre (Moravče), betrat unter Kaiser Josef seine Ruhmesbahn."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jurij_Vega_-_Vorlesungen_%C3%BCber_die_Mathematik.pdf">"Vorlesungen Vorlesungen über die Mathematik - wikimedian commons"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jurij_Vega_-_Vorlesungen_%C3%BCber_die_Mathematik.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vorlesungen+Vorlesungen+%C3%BCber+die+Mathematik+-+wikimedian+commons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AJurij_Vega_-_Vorlesungen_%25C3%25BCber_die_Mathematik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVega1795" class="citation journal cs1">Vega, Géorge (1795) [1789]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/novaactaacademia09impe/page/n52/mode/2up">"Detérmination de la demi-circonférence d'un cercle dont le diameter est <span class="texhtml">= 1</span>, exprimée en <span class="texhtml">140</span> figures decimals"</a>. Supplement. <i>Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Petropolitanae</i>. <b>11</b>: 41–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nova+Acta+Academiae+Scientiarum+Petropolitanae&rft.atitle=Det%C3%A9rmination+de+la+demi-circonf%C3%A9rence+d%27un+cercle+dont+le+diameter+est+%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E%3D+1%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+exprim%C3%A9e+en+%3Cspan+class%3D%22texhtml+%22+%3E140%3C%2Fspan%3E+figures+decimals&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=41-44&rft.date=1795&rft.aulast=Vega&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9orge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnovaactaacademia09impe%2Fpage%2Fn52%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandifer2006" class="citation web cs1">Sandifer, Ed (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040635/http://www.southernct.edu/~sandifer/Ed/History/Preprints/Talks/Jurij%20Vega/Vega%20math%20script.pdf">"Why 140 Digits of Pi Matter"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Southern Connecticut State University</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernct.edu/~sandifer/Ed/History/Preprints/Talks/Jurij%20Vega/Vega%20math%20script.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Connecticut+State+University&rft.atitle=Why+140+Digits+of+Pi+Matter&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Sandifer&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernct.edu%2F~sandifer%2FEd%2FHistory%2FPreprints%2FTalks%2FJurij%2520Vega%2FVega%2520math%2520script.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></p></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HuttonsFormula.html">"hutton's formula - from Wolfram Mathworld"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=hutton%27s+formula+-+from+Wolfram+Mathworld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FHuttonsFormula.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbanknotescoins.com/2014/05/slovenia-50-tolarjev.html">"Slovenia 50 tolarjev banknote 1992 Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega"</a>. <i>worldbanknotescoins.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldbanknotescoins.com&rft.atitle=Slovenia+50+tolarjev+banknote+1992+Baron+Jurij+Bartolomej+Vega&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbanknotescoins.com%2F2014%2F05%2Fslovenia-50-tolarjev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsi.si/en/banknotes-and-coins/slovenian-tolar/commemorative-editions-republic-of-slovenia/250th-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-jurij-vega-2004">"250th anniversary of the Birth of Jurij Vega (2004)"</a>. <i>Banka Slovenije</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banka+Slovenije&rft.atitle=250th+anniversary+of+the+Birth+of+Jurij+Vega+%282004%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsi.si%2Fen%2Fbanknotes-and-coins%2Fslovenian-tolar%2Fcommemorative-editions-republic-of-slovenia%2F250th-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-jurij-vega-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ad-vega.si/">"Astronomsko društvo Vega"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomsko+dru%C5%A1tvo+Vega&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ad-vega.si%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJurij+Vega" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurij_Vega&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jurij_Vega" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jurij Vega">Jurij Vega</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/money2.htm">Jurij Vega on the Slovenian 50 Tolars banknote.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Vega.html">Georg Freiherr von Vega</a> at <a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040405042918/http://www.ijp.si/JurijVega/conference.html">Vega and his time</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jernejbarbic.com/vega">Vega FEM library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpDWdbDHthhHpgjY7HHmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117359246">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81015259">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35735031">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2004213407&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000488198">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=137269">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhjlrm3hxsmjt">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810704849805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/264104">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007349935105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05914910?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=140909">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:von-vega.georg">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/559216">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1063519">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117359246.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117359246">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/075219379">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6185481">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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