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Doctoraat - Wikipedia

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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eredoctoraat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eredoctoraat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eredoctoraat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eredoctoraat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctoraat_in_de_kunsten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctoraat_in_de_kunsten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Doctoraat in de kunsten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctoraat_in_de_kunsten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bronnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Doctoraat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 53 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="دكتوراه – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دكتوراه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="دكتوراه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دكتوراه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor%C3%A1u" title="Doctoráu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Doctoráu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ডক্টরেট – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডক্টরেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorat" title="Doctorat – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Doctorat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دکتۆرا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دکتۆرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doethuriaeth" title="Doethuriaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Doethuriaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorgrad" title="Doktorgrad – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Doktorgrad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorat" title="Doktorat – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Doktorat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%80%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Διδακτορικό δίπλωμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διδακτορικό δίπλωμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Doctorate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktoreco" title="Doktoreco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Doktoreco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorado" title="Doctorado – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doctorado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorikraad" title="Doktorikraad – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Doktorikraad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorego" title="Doktorego – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Doktorego" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دکترا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دکترا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohtori" title="Tohtori – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tohtori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granskara%C3%BAtb%C3%BAgving" title="Granskaraútbúgving – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Granskaraútbúgving" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorat" title="Doctorat – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doctorat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktoraat" title="Doktoraat – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Doktoraat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="博士" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dotaireachd" title="Dotaireachd – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dotaireachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutoramento" title="Doutoramento – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Doutoramento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="डॉक्टरेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डॉक्टरेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor%C3%A1tus" title="Doktorátus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Doktorátus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokterandes" title="Dokterandes – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dokterandes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorsgr%C3%A1%C3%B0a" title="Doktorsgráða – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Doktorsgráða" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="博士" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="დოქტორანტურა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დოქტორანტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%82%AC" title="박사 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="박사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedoktoran" title="Kedoktoran – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kedoktoran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%82%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ပါရဂူဘွဲ့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါရဂူဘွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorgrad" title="Doktorgrad – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Doktorgrad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor" title="Doktor – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Doktor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutoramento" title="Doutoramento – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Doutoramento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92" title="ආචාර්ය උපාධි – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආචාර්ය උපාධි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Doctorate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorat" title="Doktorat – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Doktorat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorati" title="Doktorati – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Doktorati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Докторске академске студије – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Докторске академске студије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="డాక్టరేట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాక్టరేట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="ปริญญาเอก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปริญญาเอก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktorado" title="Doktorado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Doktorado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktora" title="Doktora – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doktora" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%89" title="دوكتور ئاسپرانتى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دوكتور ئاسپرانتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Докторат – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Докторат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="ڈاکٹریٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈاکٹریٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFn_s%C4%A9" title="Tiến sĩ – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiến sĩ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="博士 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博士" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98" title="דאקטאראט – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאקטאראט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford,_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg/260px-Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg/390px-Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg/520px-Aquatint_of_a_Doctor_in_divinity_at_the_University_of_Oxford%2C_shown_wearing_convocation_dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">Aquatint</a> van een <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Divinity">Doctor of Divinity</a> aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Universiteit van Oxford</a>. Uit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Ackermann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Ackermann (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rudolph Ackermanns</a> <i>History of Oxford</i>, 1814.</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>doctoraat</b> is de hoogste graad die aan een <a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">universiteit</a> behaald kan worden. De bijbehorende <a href="/wiki/Academische_titel" class="mw-redirect" title="Academische titel">titel</a> is <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor" title="Doctor">doctor</a></i> of dr. Het behalen van een doctoraat heet <a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_promotie" title="Wetenschappelijke promotie">promotie</a>, en de persoon die dat doet heet (in <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a>) <a href="/wiki/Promovendus" title="Promovendus">promovendus</a> of (in <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a>) <a href="/wiki/Doctorandus" title="Doctorandus">doctorandus</a>. De benaming is afgeleid van het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijnse</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerundivum" title="Gerundivum">gerundivum</a> dat "hij die moet promoveren/doctoreren" betekent. </p><p>Het doctoraatsdiploma ofwel de promotiebul wordt verkregen na de geslaagde verdediging van een <a href="/wiki/Proefschrift" title="Proefschrift">proefschrift</a>. Dit is een origineel wetenschappelijk werk waaraan doorgaans meerdere jaren is gewerkt. Het doctoraatsdiploma kan ten vroegste drie jaar na aanvang van het promotieonderzoek worden behaald. In de praktijk neemt het wetenschappelijk onderzoek vaak vier tot zes jaar in beslag. Meestal is de promovendus in die periode aangesteld aan een universiteit of bij een wetenschappelijke instelling, op contract, met een beurs of met een aanstelling als assistent aan de universiteit. </p><p>Het doctoraat moet niet verward worden met het <a href="/wiki/Doctoraalexamen" title="Doctoraalexamen">doctoraalexamen</a>, het afsluitende academisch examen dat in Nederland leidt tot de graad van <a href="/wiki/Master_(graad)" title="Master (graad)">master</a>, voorheen tot <a href="/wiki/Doctorandus" title="Doctorandus">doctorandus</a> (drs.) of <a href="/wiki/Ingenieur" title="Ingenieur">Ingenieur</a> (ir.). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eredoctoraat">Eredoctoraat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eredoctoraat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eredoctoraat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een doctoraat kan ook toegekend worden voor bijzondere verdienste, zonder dat de kandidaat een wetenschappelijk werk moet verdedigen. Men spreekt dan van een <a href="/wiki/Eredoctoraat" title="Eredoctoraat">eredoctoraat</a> (<i>doctoratus honoris causa</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doctoraat_in_de_kunsten">Doctoraat in de kunsten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Doctoraat in de kunsten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Doctoraat in de kunsten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sinds 2004 is het in Vlaanderen, en sinds 2010 ook in Nederland, mogelijk voor kunstenaars en ontwerpers om een <a href="/wiki/Doctoraat_in_de_kunsten" title="Doctoraat in de kunsten">doctoraat in de kunsten</a> te behalen. Het doctoraat in de kunsten wordt behaald op basis van een artistieke prestatie, aangevuld met een reflectie op het werkproces door de doctorandus (mogelijk, maar niet noodzakelijk, onder de vorm van een proefschrift). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoogleraar" title="Hoogleraar">Hoogleraar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ius_promovendi" title="Ius promovendi">Ius promovendi</a> (promotierecht)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proefschrift" title="Proefschrift">Proefschrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universiteit" title="Universiteit">Universiteit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetenschappelijke_promotie" title="Wetenschappelijke promotie">Wetenschappelijke promotie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnen">Bronnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bronnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctoraat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bronnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>‘Kunstenaar wordt doctor in de kunsten’, <i>De Standaard</i>, 10 september 2004</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8f644c877‐55jnd Cached time: 20241106062826 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.011 seconds Real time usage: 0.018 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 34/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key nlwiki:pcache:idhash:63109-0!canonical and timestamp 20241106062826 and revision id 67909481. 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