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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baptist missionary to Cameroon and explorer of Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the British soldier of fortune, see <a href="/wiki/George_St._Leger_Grenfell" title="George St. Leger Grenfell">George St. Leger Grenfell</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Grenfell</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Grenfell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/George_Grenfell.jpg/220px-George_Grenfell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/George_Grenfell.jpg/330px-George_Grenfell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/George_Grenfell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="453" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Missionary and explorer in Africa</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">21 August 1849<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Sancreed" title="Sancreed">Sancreed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1906<span style="display:none">(1906-07-01)</span> (aged 56)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Basoko" title="Basoko">Basoko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Hawkes (1877†)<br />Rosana Patience Edgerley (1855–1928)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Seven children:<br />Patience Elizabeth Grenfell,<br />Caroline Mary Grenfell,<br />Unknown child,<br />Dorothy Grenfell,<br />Gertrude Grenfell,<br />Unknown child,<br /><a href="/wiki/Grace_Isabel_Grenfell_Quallo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace Isabel Grenfell Quallo">Grace Isabel Grenfell Quallo</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Grenfell</b> (21 August 1849, in Sancreed, Cornwall – 1 July 1906, in <a href="/wiki/Basoko" title="Basoko">Basoko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grenfell was born at <a href="/wiki/Sancreed" title="Sancreed">Sancreed</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. After the family moved to Birmingham he was educated at a branch of King Edward's school. Though his parents were Anglicans he soon joined Heneage Street Baptist Chapel, where he was admitted to membership by baptism on 7 Nov. 1864. He founded the Birmingham Young Men’s Baptist Missionary Society.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving school, he was apprenticed to a firm of hardware and machinery merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by the likes of <a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a>, Grenfell's ambition was to become a missionary so in September 1873 he entered the Baptist College, <a href="/wiki/Stokes_Croft" title="Stokes Croft">Stokes Croft</a>, Bristol. On 10 Nov. 1874 the <a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">Baptist Missionary Society</a> accepted him for work in Africa. </p><p>In December 1874, he went as a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> missionary to <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, West Africa, with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Saker" title="Alfred Saker">Alfred Saker</a> (1814–80).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married Mary Hawkes from Heneage Street Baptist Chapel but she died in January 1877;<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the following year he married his housekeeper Rose Edgerley and they had a daughter named Patience. </p><p>In 1877 he relocated to <a href="/wiki/Limbe,_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbe, Cameroon">Victoria</a> and explored the <a href="/wiki/Wouri_River" title="Wouri River">Wouri River</a> and in the following year he ascended <a href="/wiki/Mount_Cameroon" title="Mount Cameroon">Mongo ma Loba Mountain</a>. From 1880 onwards he did some important work in exploring little-known rivers of the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Basin" title="Congo Basin">Congo Basin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congo_explorations">Congo explorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Congo explorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1881, cooperating with the Rev <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Comber" title="Thomas J. Comber">Thomas J. Comber</a> and others, he established a chain of missions at Musuko, <a href="/wiki/Vivi,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Vivi, Democratic Republic of the Congo">Vivi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isangila" title="Isangila">Isangila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manyanga" title="Manyanga">Manyanga</a>, and other points, and in 1884, in a small steam vessel, he explored the <a href="/wiki/Congo_River" title="Congo River">Congo</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>. He established headquarters at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthington,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthington, Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Arthington</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Leopoldville</a>, in 1884, and launched on <a href="/wiki/Pool_Malebo" title="Pool Malebo">Stanley Pool</a> a river steam vessel, the <i>Peace</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which he explored the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kivu_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kivu River (page does not exist)">Kivu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kwango_River" title="Kwango River">Kwango</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kasai_River" title="Kasai River">Kasai</a> rivers, discovered the <a href="/wiki/Ruki_River" title="Ruki River">Ruki</a>, or Black River, and ascended the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mubangi_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mubangi River (page does not exist)">Mubangi</a> for 200 miles (320 km) to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenfell_Falls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenfell Falls (page does not exist)">Grenfell Falls</a>, at lat. 4° 40' N. In 1885 he explored with <a href="/wiki/Curt_von_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Curt von François">Curt von François</a> other tributaries of the Congo, notably the <a href="/wiki/Busira_River" title="Busira River">Busira</a>, along which he found Pygmy <a href="/wiki/Batwa_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Batwa peoples">Batwa peoples</a>. In the following year he examined the Kasai, the <a href="/wiki/Sankuru_River" title="Sankuru River">Sankuru</a>, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luebo_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luebo River (page does not exist)">Luebo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lulua_River" title="Lulua River">Lulua</a>, and made careful records of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakuba_tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakuba tribe (page does not exist)">Bakuba</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakete_tribe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakete tribe (page does not exist)">Bakete</a> tribes. He was awarded in 1887 the Founder’s Medal<sup id="cite_ref-BMS_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> for his explorations in the Cameroons and Congo. In four years he had charted 3,400 miles (5,550km) of waterways.<sup id="cite_ref-BMS_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the <i>Peace</i> travelled 15,000 miles (over 24,000km).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1888, he had buried four children, as well as Comber’s wife.<sup id="cite_ref-BMS_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMS-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1891 he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">plenipotentiary</a> for Belgium to delimit the boundary line between the <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> possessions along the Luanda frontier. He was awarded the Medal of the Order of the Lion of Africa by King Leopold II.<sup id="cite_ref-NAV_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAV-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903 he protested to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">King Leopold</a> against consistent refusal of the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State</a> authorities to countenance further Baptist advance beyond <a href="/wiki/Yakusu" title="Yakusu">Yakusu</a> on the Upper Congo,<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with no effect. From 1893 to 1900 Grenfell remained chiefly at <a href="/wiki/Bolobo" title="Bolobo">Bolobo</a> on the Congo, where a strong mission station was established. After a visit to England in 1900, he started for a systematic exploration of the <a href="/wiki/Aruwimi_River" title="Aruwimi River">Aruwimi River</a><sup id="cite_ref-BR_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by November 1902 had reached <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mawambi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mawambi (page does not exist)">Mawambi</a>, about eighty miles from the western extreme of the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Uganda" title="Protectorate of Uganda">Protectorate of Uganda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_years">Last years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heneage_Memorial.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Heneage_Memorial.gif/220px-Heneage_Memorial.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Heneage_Memorial.gif/330px-Heneage_Memorial.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Heneage_Memorial.gif 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>The Memorial originally erected in Heneage Street Baptist Chapel on 24 September 1907.<br />Now in Grenfell Baptist Church, Ward End, Birmingham</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1903 and 1906 Grenfell was busy with a new station at <a href="/wiki/Yalemba" title="Yalemba">Yalemba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fifteen miles east of the confluence of the Aruwimi with the Congo. Meanwhile, he found difficulty in obtaining building sites from the Congo Free State, which accorded them freely to Roman Catholics. He grew convinced of Catholic favouritism in the Belgian administration, which he had previously trusted.<sup id="cite_ref-NAV_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAV-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903 <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium" title="Leopold II of Belgium">King Leopold</a> despatched at Grenfell's entreaty a commission of inquiry, before which he gave evidence, but its report gave him little satisfaction. In 1904, Grenfell resigned from the Commission for the Protection of the Natives.<sup id="cite_ref-NAV_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAV-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died after a bad attack of <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_fever" title="Blackwater fever">blackwater fever</a> at <a href="/wiki/Basoko" title="Basoko">Basoko</a> on 1 July 1906. </p><p>A memorial tablet was unveiled in Heneage Street Baptist Chapel, Birmingham, on 24 September 1907. During major 1950s clearance of the area for redevelopment Heneage Street Baptist was closed. The tablet was recovered and was moved to a new Chapel in north-east Birmingham named in his honour. </p><p>His papers are held at the BMS Angus Library at Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-DACB_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Life on the Congo</i>, by <a href="/wiki/William_Holman_Bentley" title="William Holman Bentley">William Holman Bentley</a>; with an introduction by George Grenfell. London: The <a href="/wiki/Religious_Tract_Society" title="Religious Tract Society">Religious Tract Society</a>, 1887.</li> <li><i>The upper Congo</i>, <a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal"><i>Geographical Journal</i></a>, Bd. 20 (1902)</li> <li><i>Exploration of the Tributaries of the Congo, between Leopoldville and Stanley Falls</i>, published in Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, vol. 8, no. 10, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> (with the Institute of British Geographers), Wiley, 1886, pp. 627-34<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Cameroon District, West Africa</i>, Royal Geographical Society, London, 1882</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BR_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BR_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Grenfell">Britannica website, <i>George Grenfell</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bq/35-3_139.pdf">Biblical Studies website, <i>Peace and Goodwill: George Grenfell on the Congo - I</i>, published in Baptist Quarterly 35.3 (July 1993), page 142</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DACB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DACB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DACB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DACB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DACB_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DACB_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dacb.org/stories/cameroon/legacy-grenfell/">Dictionary of African Christian Biography, <i>Grenfell, George</i>, article by Brian Stanley</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bW3sXBjnokkC&dq=George+Grenfell+congo+missionary+boston+university&pg=PA252"><i>Encyclopedia of Protestantism’’, by J. Gordon Melton</i>, page 251</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BMS-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BMS_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMS_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BMS_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmsworldmission.org/heritage/africa/">BMC World Missions website, <i>Africa</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.globethics.net/bitstream/handle/20.500.12424/154147/n13-3_125.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Global Ethics website, <i>Grenfell of the Congo</i>, page 129</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAV-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAV_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAV_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAV_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theangus.rpc.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Navigating-the-Congo_exhibition-guide_online.pdf">Oxford University website, Angus Library section, <i>Navigating the Congo</i>, page 16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/bgrenfell3.html">Wholesome Words website, <i>Grenfell of the Congo</i>, by J. H. Morrison</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrenfell1886" class="citation journal cs1">Grenfell, George (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1800991">"Exploration of the Tributaries of the Congo, between Leopoldville and Stanley Falls"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography</i>. <b>8</b> (10): 627–634. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1800991">10.2307/1800991</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1800991">1800991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society+and+Monthly+Record+of+Geography&rft.atitle=Exploration+of+the+Tributaries+of+the+Congo%2C+between+Leopoldville+and+Stanley+Falls&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=627-634&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1800991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1800991%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grenfell&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F1800991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grenfell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Johnston" title="Harry Johnston">Harry Johnston</a>: <i>George Grenfell and the Congo</i>. 2 Volume, London: Hutchinson, 1908. (A history and description of the Congo Independent State and adjoining districts of Congoland, together with some account of the native peoples and their languages, the fauna and flora; and similar notes on the Cameroons and the island of Fernando Pô, the whole founded on the diaries and researches of the late Rev George Grenfell, B.M.S., F.R.G.S.; and on the records of the <a href="/wiki/Congo-Balolo_Mission" title="Congo-Balolo Mission">British Baptist Missionary Society</a>; and on additional information contributed by the author, by the Rev. Lawson Forfeitt, Mr. Emil Torday, and others). Reprint, New York: Kraus, 19XX.</li> <li>George Hawker: <i>The life of George Grenfell, Congo missionary and explorer</i>. London: The Religious Tract Society, 1909.</li> <li>Shirley J. Dickins: <i>Grenfell of the Congo. Pioneer, missionary, and explorer</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Sunday_School_Union" title="Sunday School Union">Sunday School Union</a>, 1910.</li> <li>Harry Lathey Hemmens: <i>George Grenfell: pioneer in Congo</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Student_Christian_Movement_of_Great_Britain" title="Student Christian Movement of Great Britain">Student Christian Movement</a>, 1927.</li> <li>Robert A. Bickers, Rosemary Seton: <i>Missionary Encounters. Sources and issues</i>, Curzon Press, 1995.</li> <li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Grenfell" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/e-books/hawker_george/life-of-george-grenfell_hawker.pdf">Missiology website, <i>The life of George Grenfell</i>, by George Hawker (1909), online copy</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protestant_missions_to_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protestant_missions_to_Africa" title="Template:Protestant missions to Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protestant_missions_to_Africa" title="Template talk:Protestant missions to Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant_missions_to_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protestant missions to Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protestant_missions_to_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protestant missions to Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Allen" title="Roland Allen">Roland Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Anderson_(missionary)" title="William Anderson (missionary)">William Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stanley_Arnot" title="Frederick Stanley Arnot">Frederick Stanley Arnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_(missionary)" title="John Arthur (missionary)">John Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_K._Becker" title="Carl K. Becker">Carl K. Becker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bill" title="Samuel Bill">Samuel Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Booth_(missionary)" title="Joseph Booth (missionary)">Joseph Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coker" title="Daniel Coker">Daniel Coker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kumler_Flickinger" title="Daniel Kumler Flickinger">Daniel Kumler Flickinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jackson_Fuller" title="Joseph Jackson Fuller">Joseph Jackson Fuller</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Grenfell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hugo_Hahn" title="Carl Hugo Hahn">Carl Hugo Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hardcastle_(1752%E2%80%931818)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hardcastle (1752–1818)">Joseph Hardcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Crane_Hartzell" title="Joseph Crane Hartzell">Joseph Crane Hartzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ittmann" title="Johannes Ittmann">Johannes Ittmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Heinrich_Kleinschmidt" title="Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt">Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Krapf" title="Johann Ludwig Krapf">Johann Ludwig Krapf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Nicholl_Laird" title="Margaret Nicholl Laird">Margaret Nicholl Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ignatius_Latrobe" title="Christian Ignatius Latrobe">Christian Ignatius Latrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Livingstone_(n%C3%A9e_Moffat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Livingstone (née Moffat)">Mary Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Murdoch_Mackay" title="Alexander Murdoch Mackay">Alexander Murdoch Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Merrick_(missionary)" title="Joseph Merrick (missionary)">Joseph Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Moffat" title="Mary Moffat">Mary Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moffat_(missionary)" title="Robert Moffat (missionary)">Robert Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Murray_(minister)" title="Andrew Murray (minister)">Andrew Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Roseveare" title="Helen Roseveare">Helen Roseveare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_(missionary)" title="John Philip (missionary)">John Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orishatukeh_Faduma" title="Orishatukeh Faduma">Orishatukeh Faduma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Saker" title="Alfred Saker">Alfred Saker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Schmelen" title="Heinrich Schmelen">Heinrich Schmelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Sheppard" title="William Henry Sheppard">William Henry Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Slessor" title="Mary Slessor">Mary Slessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McKendree_Springer" title="John McKendree Springer">John McKendree Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Stevenson" title="Marion Stevenson">Marion Scott Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Studd" title="Charles Studd">Charles Studd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulda_Stumpf" title="Hulda Stumpf">Hulda Stumpf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denys_Taylor" title="John Denys Taylor">John Denys Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Taylor_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Taylor (bishop)">William Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Viehe" title="Gottlieb Viehe">Gottlieb Viehe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary<br />agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Inland_Mission" title="Africa Inland Mission">Africa Inland Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baptist_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Baptist Missionary Society">Australian Baptist Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Missionary_Society" title="Berlin Missionary Society">Berlin Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Mission,_German_East_Africa" title="Bethel Mission, German East Africa">Bethel Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMS_World_Mission" title="BMS World Mission">BMS World Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo-Balolo_Mission" title="Congo-Balolo Mission">Congo-Balolo Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Mission Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echoes_of_Service" title="Echoes of Service">Echoes of Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Missionary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Missionary Society">Finnish Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingstone_Inland_Mission" title="Livingstone Inland Mission">Livingstone Inland Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Missionary_Society" title="London Missionary Society">London Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Africa" title="Mission Africa">Mission Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_to_the_World" title="Mission to the World">Mission to the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Evangelical_Missionary_Society" title="Paris Evangelical Missionary Society">Paris Evangelical Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Missionary_Society" title="Rhenish Missionary Society">Rhenish Missionary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_(Christian_organization)" title="SIM (Christian organization)">SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Society_Partners_in_the_Gospel" title="United Society Partners in the Gospel">USPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEC_International" title="WEC International">WEC International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_Global_Alliance" title="Wycliffe Global Alliance">Wycliffe Global Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pivotal events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_1807" title="Slave Trade Act 1807">Slave Trade Act 1807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">Slavery Abolition Act 1833</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Africa" title="Christianity in Africa">Christianity in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christian_missions" title="Timeline of Christian missions">Timeline of Christian missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB4fHbwyFK4PMWJBDWxDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117557951">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85319169">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13744147h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13744147h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an50414928">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p115783008">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007277903805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14711168">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1522588">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117557951.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117557951">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/178916145">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&oldid=1242473380">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Grenfell&oldid=1242473380</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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