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<div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-存在与分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#存在与分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 存在与分布 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-存在与分布-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关存在与分布子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-存在与分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-天文上" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天文上"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 天文上 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天文上-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陸地上" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陸地上"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 陸地上 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陸地上-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物上" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物上"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 生物上 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物上-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-单质性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#单质性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 单质性质 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-单质性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关单质性质子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-单质性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 概述 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原子及物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原子及物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 原子及物理性質 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-原子及物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化學性質與化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化學性質與化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 化學性質與化合物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化學性質與化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素与核性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素与核性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 同位素与核性质 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素与核性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 制备 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-制备-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关制备子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-锂矿的提取法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#锂矿的提取法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 锂矿的提取法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-锂矿的提取法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-硫酸盐法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#硫酸盐法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 硫酸盐法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-硫酸盐法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-石灰法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#石灰法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 石灰法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-石灰法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-硫酸法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#硫酸法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.3 硫酸法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-硫酸法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天然卤水的提取" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天然卤水的提取"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.4 天然卤水的提取 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天然卤水的提取-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-金属锂的制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#金属锂的制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 金属锂的制备 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-金属锂的制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-电解法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电解法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 电解法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电解法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-热还原法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#热还原法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 热还原法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-热还原法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 用途 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-用途-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关用途子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-合成原料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合成原料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 合成原料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合成原料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-还原剂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#还原剂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 还原剂 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-还原剂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-催化剂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#催化剂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 催化剂 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-催化剂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-电池工业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#电池工业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 电池工业 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-电池工业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-合金" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合金"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 合金 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合金-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 醫療 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 其他用途 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保存方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保存方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 保存方法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保存方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註解" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註解"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 註解 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註解-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 参考资料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">锂</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。184种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" > 184种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሊቲየም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Літый – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82" title="Літ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီတီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လီတီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་རྫས། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་རྫས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%98%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="لیتیۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiwm" title="Lithiwm – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίθιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiam" title="Litiam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="લિથિયમ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A7hey" title="Litçhey – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Litçhey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likiuma" title="Likiuma – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Likiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליתיום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליתיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lity%C3%B2m" title="Lityòm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լիթիում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիթիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ղիթիոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղիթիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%ADn" title="Litín – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="リチウム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/roksodna" title="roksodna – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="roksodna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyum" title="Litiyum – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9t%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Lɩtɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩtɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="លីច្យូម – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីច្យូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%AC" title="리튬 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%85" title="لیٖتھِیَم – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیٖتھِیَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEty%C3%BBm" title="Lîtyûm – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiom" title="Lithiom – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littio" title="Littio – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Littio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litie" title="Litie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Litie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu" title="Litu – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ລິທຽມ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລິທຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litis" title="Litis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litijs" title="Litijs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti%C3%B4ma" title="Litiôma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിഥിയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിഥിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီသီယမ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီသီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lithium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyeemii" title="Litiyeemii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Litiyeemii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଲିଥିୟମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିଥିୟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لیتھیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λίθιον – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λίθιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lítio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityu" title="Lityu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lityu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लीथियम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लीथियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="لٿيئم – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alityum" title="Alityum – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Alityum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිතියම් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liithiyaam" title="Liithiyaam – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liithiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiumi" title="Litiumi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Litiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литијум – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலித்தியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலித்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลิเทียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityum" title="Lityum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lityum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyamu" title="Lithyamu – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithyamu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A" title="لىتىي – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Літій – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لتھیم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiy" title="Litiy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litii" title="Litii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litin" title="Litin – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Litin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Литион – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Литион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליטיום – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADt%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Lítíọ̀mù – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lítíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThanya" title="UmThanya – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThanya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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<div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>此条目的主題是化学元素锂。关于与「锂」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="鋰 (消歧義)">鋰 (消歧義)</a>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">锂 3Li</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide{background-color:#a0e032}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_eka_superactinide_predicted{background-color:#c6dd9d}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition .navbox-title{background-color:#ffc0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition_predicted{background-color:#ffe2e2}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition{background-color:#cccccc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition_predicted{background-color:#dfdfdf}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid{background-color:#cccc99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid_predicted{background-color:#e2e2aa}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic{background-color:#e7ff8f}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic_predicted{background-color:#F3FFC7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic{background-color:#a1ffc3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氢</a> ↑ 锂 ↓ <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a> ← 锂 → <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">铍</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">銀白色固体 <a href="/wiki/File:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/250px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/375px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/500px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a> 金属锂浮在煤油上</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">锂（lithium）·Li·3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">碱金属</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/1%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="1族元素">1</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a>·<a href="/wiki/S%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="S区元素">s</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[6.938, 6.997]<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a>] 2s1 2, 1 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="锂的电子層（2, 1）"><img alt="锂的电子層（2, 1）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_003_Lithium_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>锂的电子層（2, 1）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%9F%A6%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%BE" title="约翰·奥古斯特·阿韦德松">约翰·奥古斯特·阿韦德松</a>（1817年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分離</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·托马斯·布兰德">威廉·托马斯·布兰德</a>（1821年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">命名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="永斯·貝吉里斯">永斯·貝吉里斯</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>） 0.534 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a>−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.512 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">453.69 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，180.54 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，356.97 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1615 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，1342 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，2448 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E7%82%B9_(%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="临界点 (热力学)">臨界點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（估计） 3223 K，67 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3.00 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">147.1 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">24.860 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>797 </td> <td>885 </td> <td>995 </td> <td>1144 </td> <td>1337 </td> <td>1610 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0、+1 （强碱性氧化物）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.98（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：520.2 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a> 第二：7298.1 kJ·mol−1 第三：11815.0 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">152 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">128±7 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="范德华半径">范德华半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">182 pm</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">体心立方</a> <div style="float:right; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="锂具有体心立方晶體結構"><img alt="锂具有体心立方晶體結構" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="949" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="顺磁性">顺磁性</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">電阻率</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）92.8 n Ω·m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">84.8 W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">膨脹係數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（25 °C）46 µm·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a>（細棒）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）6000 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="杨氏模量">杨氏模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4.9 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="剪切模量">剪切模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4.2 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="体积模量">体积模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">11 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7439-93-2">7439-93-2</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_lithium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox lithium isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_lithium_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox lithium isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_lithium_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox lithium isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="锂的同位素">锂的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">6Li </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">4.85% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="稳定核素">穩定</a>，帶3粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">7Li </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">95.15% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶4粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>鋰</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">lǐ</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>（英語：Lithium；源于<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：λίθος，转写为「Lithos」，直譯「石頭」），是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>Li，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序</a>为3。中文名源于“Lithos”的第一<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>发音“里”，而且是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>，在左方加上部首“钅”。鋰是軟的銀白色<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>。三粒电子中两粒分布在K层，另一粒在L层。锂是碱金属中最轻的一种。锂常呈+1或0氧化态，是否有-1氧化态則尚未证实<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>。但锂和其化合物并不像其他的碱金属那么典型，锂的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="電荷密度">电荷密度</a>很大并且有稳定的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>型双<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="电子层">电子层</a>，使锂易极化其他分子或离子，自己却不易受到极化。这点影响到它和其化合物的稳定<a href="#cite_note-第一卷-3">[3]</a>。 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="标准状况">標準條件</a>，它是最輕的金屬和最輕的固體元素。同其他鹼金屬，鋰很活潑和易燃，應儲存在礦物油中。切割時展現出金屬光澤，但水氣會快速<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E8%A7%A3" title="潮解">潮解</a>之，變成暗銀灰色，接著變成黑色的氧化物。它不以元素狀態存在自然界，而只能於（通常是離子）<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E6%99%B6%E5%B2%A9" title="偉晶岩">偉晶岩礦物</a>等化合物中出現，它們曾是鋰的主要來源。由於其離子的溶解度，它存在於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>中並通常從鹽水中獲得。從氯化鋰和氯化鉀的混合物中電解分離鋰金屬。 在自然界中發現的兩種<a href="#同位素与核性质">穩定鋰同位素</a>中，每粒核子的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="结合能">結合能</a>是所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="稳定核素">穩定核素</a>中最低的，因此鋰原子核相較於其他穩定核素處於較不穩定的狀態。也因為其核子的相對不穩定性，鋰在太陽系中的含量排名第26。由於以上因素，鋰在核物理學具重要用途。1932年鋰原子向氦的核分裂是第一次完全人為的核反應，而氘化鋰用作熱核武器的燃料。<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> 鋰及其化合物具多種工業用途，包括耐熱玻璃、陶瓷、鋰潤滑脂潤滑劑，用於生產鐵、鋼和鋁的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E7%84%8A%E5%89%82" title="助焊剂">助焊劑添加劑</a>、鋰電池和鋰離子電池。這些用途消耗超過四分之三的鋰生產量。 在生物系統內有微量的鋰，但其功能不明。已知鋰鹽可作治療人類<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%81%E9%AC%B1%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="躁鬱症">躁鬱症</a>的情緒穩定藥物。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> 1800年，巴西化學及政治家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%81%94" title="若澤·博尼法西奧·德·安德拉達">若澤·博尼法西奧·德·安德拉達</a>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E7%83%8F%E6%89%98%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典烏托島（页面不存在）">瑞典烏托島</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%B6,_Sweden" class="extiw" title="en:Utö, Sweden">Utö, Sweden</a>）的一個礦坑中發現<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E9%8B%B0%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透鋰長石（页面不存在）">透鋰長石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/petalite" class="extiw" title="en:petalite">petalite</a>）（LiAlSi4O10）<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-mindat-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-discovery-8">[8]</a>。不過直到1817年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%9F%A6%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%BE" title="约翰·奥古斯特·阿韦德松">約翰·奧古斯特·阿韋德松</a>（Johann Arfvedson）在化學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="永斯·貝吉里斯">永斯·貝吉里斯</a>（Jöns Jacob Berzelius）的實驗室中分析透鋰長石礦物時才<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a>這個新元素的存在<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-berzelius-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-uwis-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-12">[12]</a>。這個元素組成的化合物跟<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鉀">鉀</a>的化合物相似，但其<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸鋰">碳酸鹽</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="氫氧化鋰">氫氧化物</a>在水中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>較小，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E5%9F%BA" title="鹽基">鹼性</a>也較低<a href="#cite_note-compounds-13">[13]</a>。贝采利乌斯將這個鹼金屬命名為「lithion／lithina」，來自希臘語單詞λιθoς（音譯為lithos，意為「石頭」），來反映它是在固體礦物中發現，而不是在植物灰燼中發現的鉀，或是部分因在動物血液中有高豐度而知名的鈉。他將材料中的金屬命名為「鋰」<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-12">[12]</a>。阿韋德松後來發現，<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">鋰輝石</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰雲母（页面不存在）">鋰雲母</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lepidolite" class="extiw" title="en:lepidolite">lepidolite</a>）礦物都有這種相同的元素<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a>。1818年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Gmelin（页面不存在）">Christian Gmelin</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Gmelin" class="extiw" title="en:Christian Gmelin">Christian Gmelin</a>）首次發現鋰鹽燃燒的焰色為鮮紅色<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>，但阿韋德松和Gmelin都未能將純元素與其鹽分離<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-eote-17">[17]</a>。直到1821年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·托马斯·布兰德">威廉·托马斯·布兰德</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="電解">電解</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氧化锂">氧化鋰</a>才得到元素鋰，而這一個過程過去曾被化學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4" title="汉弗里·戴维">漢弗里·戴維</a>（Humphry Davy）用來分離鹼金屬鉀和鈉<a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-eote-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>。布兰德還描述了一些純鋰鹽，如氯化物，估計<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氧化锂">氧化鋰</a>含有約55％的金屬，並估計鋰的原子量大約為9.8克/莫耳（現代值約6.94克/莫耳）<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>。1855年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%9F" title="罗伯特·威廉·本生">罗伯特·威廉·本生</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Matthiessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Matthiessen（页面不存在）">Augustus Matthiessen</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Matthiessen" class="extiw" title="en:Augustus Matthiessen">Augustus Matthiessen</a>）電解<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氯化锂">氯化鋰</a>生產了更多鋰<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a>。這程序發現後德國公司<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallgesellschaft_AG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallgesellschaft AG（页面不存在）">Metallgesellschaft AG</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallgesellschaft" class="extiw" title="en:Metallgesellschaft">Metallgesellschaft</a>）於1923年藉電解熔融氯化鋰和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="氯化钾">氯化鉀</a>的混合物在商業生產鋰<a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>。鋰的生產和使用歷史上經歷了幾次劇烈變化。鋰的第一種主要用途是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>及之後不久用於飛機引擎的高溫<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E6%BD%A4%E6%BB%91%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰潤滑油脂（页面不存在）">鋰潤滑油脂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_soap" class="extiw" title="en:Lithium soap">Lithium soap</a>）及類似用途。這用途得到一些事實的支持：鋰基皂有比其他鹼皂更高的熔點，並且比鈣基皂有更低的腐蝕性。對鋰皂和潤滑脂的需求得到了幾家小型採礦企業的支持，其中大部分企業是在美國。隨著<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="核武器设计方案">核熔合武器</a>的生產，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時期對鋰的需求急劇增加。當被中子照射時，锂6和锂7都會產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>，可用於自身產生氚，以及在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" class="mw-redirect" title="氘化锂">氫化鋰</a>形式的氫彈內使用的一種固體聚變燃料。美國在1950年代末到1980年代中期之間成為鋰的主要生產國。最後，鋰儲存量約為42000噸氫氧化鋰。儲存的鋰在锂6中耗盡了75％，這足以影響許多標準化學品中鋰的原子量，甚至一些「天然來源」中鋰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>已被從同位素分離設施排入地下水的鋰鹽污染<a href="#cite_note-Coplen2002-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-27">[27]</a>。當使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%EF%BC%8D%E5%9F%83%E9%B2%81%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="霍尔－埃鲁法">霍爾－埃魯法</a>工藝時，鋰用於降低玻璃的熔化溫度並改善<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化鋁">氧化鋁</a>的熔化行為<a href="#cite_note-DeberitzBoche2003-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1985-29">[29]</a>。這兩種用途在1990年代中期佔據市場主導地位。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%82%99%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="核軍備競賽">核軍備競賽</a>結束後，對鋰的需求下降，公開市場上能源庫存的出售進一步降低了價格<a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-27">[27]</a>。1990年代中期，幾家公司開始從<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E6%B0%B4" title="鹽水">鹽水</a>中提取鋰，比在地下或露天採礦更便宜。大多數礦山關閉或轉移到其他材料，因為只有來自分區偉晶岩的礦石才能以有競爭力的價格開採。例如，北卡羅來納州<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kings_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kings Mountain（页面不存在）">Kings Mountain</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_Mountain,_North_Carolina" class="extiw" title="en:Kings Mountain, North Carolina">Kings Mountain, North Carolina</a>）附近的美國礦山在21世紀初之前關閉。 發展<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰離子電池">鋰離子電池</a>增加了對鋰的需求，並在2007年成為主要用途<a href="#cite_note-USGSYB1994-30">[30]</a>。隨著2000年代鋰電池鋰需求激增，新公司擴大了鹽水開採工<a href="#cite_note-IMR-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>。有人認為，鋰在可再生能源和依賴電池的世界中將成為地緣政治競爭的主要對象之一，但這種觀點也被低估了經濟激勵對擴大生產的影響力<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="存在与分布">存在与分布</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：存在与分布">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="天文上">天文上</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：天文上">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">核合成</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="恆星核合成">恆星核合成</a></div> 雖然它在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%B9%E9%9D%82" class="mw-redirect" title="大霹靂">大爆炸</a>中合成，但鋰（和鈹及硼）在宇宙中的含量明顯低於其他低<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序">原子序</a>元素。破壞鋰所需的恆星溫度較低，以及缺乏常見生產鋰的過程。<a href="#cite_note-wesleyan-34">[34]</a>根據現代天文學，鋰的穩定同位素（鋰6和鋰7）是三種在大霹靂產生的元素之一。<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>雖然<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">大爆炸核合成</a>產生的鋰量取決於每粒<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%AD%90" title="重子">重子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>數，但有可接受的值，所以可以計算鋰豐度，而且宇宙中存在「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%82%E5%B7%AE%E5%BC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙学锂差异">宇宙學鋰差異</a>」：老恆星的鋰含量似乎比應有的少，而一些年輕的恆星則有更多。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>老恆星中缺鋰顯然是由於鋰「混合」到恆星內部並被破壞，<a href="#cite_note-cld-37">[37]</a>而鋰則在年輕恆星中產生。雖然它在高於攝氏240萬度（大多數恆星內部容易達到）時會因和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%90" title="質子">質子</a>碰撞而<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="鋰燃燒">轉變</a>為兩粒<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>原子，但鋰含量仍比目前計算預測出在後代恆星中的要多。<a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%95%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="棕矮星">棕矮星</a>和某些異常的橙色恆星中也發現了鋰。鋰存在於較冷、質量較小的棕矮星中，但在較熱的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9F%AE%E6%98%9F" title="紅矮星">紅矮星</a>中被破壞，它在恆星光譜中的存在可用於「鋰試驗」，以區分皆比太陽小的棕矮星及紅矮星。<a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>某些橙色恆星也可能含有高濃度的鋰。那些有高於平均鋰濃度的橙色恆星（如Centaurus X-4）繞著大質量的物體（中子星或黑洞）轉，它們的重力明顯將較重的鋰吸引到氫氦星的表面，導致我們觀測到更多的鋰。<a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a>2015年2月19日，日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="國立天文台">國立天文台</a>研究團隊從觀察<a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A%E5%BA%A7%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="2013年海豚座新星">2013年海豚座新星</a>發現，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%98%9F" title="新星">新星</a>爆炸製成了大量鋰元素，這意味著經典新星爆炸可能是宇宙製造鋰元素的主要機制<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="陸地上">陸地上</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：陸地上">编辑</a>]</div> 锂在自然界<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a>居第27位，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>约含0.0065%，儘管鋰在地球上廣泛分佈，但鋰活性高，在大自然不以元素形式存在。<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a>锂的矿物有30余种，主要在<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">锂辉石</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {LiAlSi2O6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>LiAlSi</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {LiAlSi2O6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83cf697b22f1768b0bd5965ee4ee38d7b4a3d827" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.346ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {LiAlSi2O6}}}">）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰雲母（页面不存在）">鋰雲母</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lepidolite" class="extiw" title="en:lepidolite">lepidolite</a>）以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E9%8B%B0%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透鋰長石（页面不存在）">透鋰長石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/petalite" class="extiw" title="en:petalite">petalite</a>）（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {(LiNa)AlSi4O10}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>LiNa</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>AlSi</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {(LiNa)AlSi4O10}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/60ccbd26b9db761f0e2f4029dac04af6895b6a3f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.882ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {(LiNa)AlSi4O10}}}">）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E8%92%99%E8%84%AB%E7%9F%B3%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰蒙脫石黏土（页面不存在）">鋰蒙脫石黏土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectorite" class="extiw" title="en:Hectorite">Hectorite</a>）中。在人和动物的有机体、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="矿泉水">矿泉水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="可可">可可</a>粉、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E5%8F%B6" title="烟叶">烟叶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB" title="海藻">海藻</a>中都有锂存在。鋰在海水中的總含量非常大，估計為2300億噸，其中元素存在的相對恆定濃度為0.14至0.25百萬分之一濃度（ppm），<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-enc-42">[42]</a>或25<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E7%A9%8D%E8%8E%AB%E8%80%B3%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" title="體積莫耳濃度">微莫耳</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>；而在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E7%86%B1%E6%B3%89" title="海底熱泉">海底熱泉</a>附近，可以發現接近7 ppm的較高濃度。<a href="#cite_note-enc-42">[42]</a>在地球，鋰含量估計占<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地殼">地殼</a>重量的20至70 ppm。<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-44">[44]</a>鋰占<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%88%90%E5%B2%A9" title="火成岩">火成岩</a>的一小部分，其中在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B4%97%E5%B2%A9" title="花崗岩">花崗岩</a>中的濃度最大。花崗岩<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E6%99%B6%E5%B2%A9" title="偉晶岩">偉晶岩</a>也提供最豐富的含鋰礦物，<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">鋰輝石</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%8F%E9%8B%B0%E9%95%B7%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="透鋰長石（页面不存在）">透鋰長石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/petalite" class="extiw" title="en:petalite">petalite</a>）是商業上最可行的來源。<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-44">[44]</a>另一種重要的鋰礦物來源是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%B2%E6%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰雲母（页面不存在）">鋰雲母</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lepidolite" class="extiw" title="en:lepidolite">lepidolite</a>），它是由一系列的聚苯硫磷礦和三鋰鐵礦所形成，如今已成為一個過時的稱號。<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a>鋰的新來源是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E8%92%99%E8%84%AB%E7%9F%B3%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰蒙脫石黏土（页面不存在）">鋰蒙脫石黏土</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectorite" class="extiw" title="en:Hectorite">Hectorite</a>），目前只有美國的Western Lithium公司積極開發。在地殼中，鋰是第25位豐富的元素，<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>每千克地殼含有20毫克的鋰。根據鋰和天然鈣的指南：「鋰是一種較稀有的元素，雖然它存在於許多岩石和一些鹽水中，但濃度總是非常低。鋰礦物和鹽水沉積物相當多，但是有實際或潛在的商業價值的，相對較少。很多價值非常小，其餘的則等級太低。」<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美國地質調查局">美國地質調查局</a>估計，2010年，智利擁有最大的儲量（目前750萬噸），<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>而且年產量最高（8,800噸）。鋰最大儲備基地<a href="#cite_note-res-50">[note 1]</a>位於玻利維亞的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%B0%A4%E5%B0%BC%E9%B9%BD%E6%B2%BC" title="烏尤尼鹽沼">烏尤尼鹽沼</a>地區，該地區有540萬噸。其他主要供應者包括澳大利亞、阿根廷和中國。<a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-meridian-52">[51]</a>截至2015年，捷克地質調查局將捷克共和國的整個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%88%BE%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="厄爾士山脈">厄爾士山脈</a>視為鋰的礦區。註冊了五張礦床，其中一張靠近Cínovec[cs]的有16萬噸鋰，被認為是潛在的經濟礦床。<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> 2010年6月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約時報">紐約時報</a>報導說，美國地質學家正在調查阿富汗西部<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B1%E6%B9%96" title="旱湖">乾</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%B9%E6%B0%B4%E6%B9%96" title="鹹水湖">鹽湖</a>的地質，相信那裡有大量的鋰沉積物。五角大廈的官員表示，他們在一個位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%9C%81" title="加兹尼省">加茲尼省</a>的地方初步分析後，顯示此處與玻利維亞的鋰礦床潛力一樣大，而玻利維亞現今為世界上已知的最大鋰儲備地。<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a>這些預測主要根據舊數據，大部分在1979－1989年間被聚集，此時為蘇聯人佔領阿富汗的期間。美國地質調查局中阿富汗礦業項目的負責人斯蒂芬·彼得斯說，過去兩年，他沒有意識到美國地質勘探局參與任何新的阿富汗礦產調查。他說：「我們不知道有任何鋰的發現。」<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8B%B0%E9%B9%BD%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鋰鹽水（页面不存在）">鋰鹽水</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithia_water" class="extiw" title="en:Lithia water">Lithia water</a>）與英格蘭<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E9%83%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="康瓦爾郡">康瓦爾郡</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>礦區相關，目前考慮在400米深的測試鑽孔中評估項目。如果成功，熱鹽水的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%86%B1%E8%83%BD" title="地熱能">地熱能</a>也將提供為鋰提取和精煉過程中的動力。<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a>按<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%B1%80" title="美國地質調查局">美國地質調查局</a>推算，2016年時鋰礦的世界蘊藏量1400萬噸，總生產量約3萬5000噸，其中智利的儲量達世界總儲量的52%，中國22%居次，阿根廷和澳大利亞分別佔14%和11%。生產方面澳大利亞通過礦石精製，南美洲則以費時的晾曬法提取鹽湖中鋰，所以前者生產效率比較高而生產量居世界之首，佔41%，智利居次34%，及阿根廷16%、中國6%。<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生物上">生物上</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：生物上">编辑</a>]</div> 在許多植物、浮游生物和無脊椎動物中能發現微量的鋰，濃度為69至5760 ppb。在脊椎動物中，鋰濃度略低，幾乎所有脊椎動物組織和體液都含有21至763 ppb的鋰。<a href="#cite_note-enc-42">[42]</a>海洋生物比陸地生物更容易將鋰生物累積。<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a>而鋰是否在這些生物體中有生理作用尚不清楚。<a href="#cite_note-enc-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="单质性质">单质性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：单质性质">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概述">概述</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：概述">编辑</a>]</div> 锂是一种极易反应的柔软的银白色<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">碱金属</a>。它在金属中比重最轻。锂在空气中易氧化，所以须贮存于固体<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%9C%A1" title="石蜡">石蜡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E6%B2%B9" title="煤油">煤油</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="稀有氣體">惰性气体</a>中。它能与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>和酸作用放出<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氢气">氢气</a>，易与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>等化合。锂盐在水中的溶解度与镁盐类似，而不同于其他的碱金属盐。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="原子及物理性質">原子及物理性質</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：原子及物理性質">编辑</a>]</div> 就像其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>一般，鋰有一粒<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子">價電子</a>而易失去而形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">陽離子</a>，<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a>是熱和電的良導體且為極易反應的元素，但其價電子和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%A0%B8" title="原子核">原子核</a>很近（剩下的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A9%E7%B2%92%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兩粒電子（页面不存在）">兩粒電子</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-electron_atom" class="extiw" title="en:Two-electron atom">Two-electron atom</a>）在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8C%E5%9F%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="原子軌域">1s軌域</a>中，能量低且不參與化學鍵結），故此在鹼金屬中反應性最低。<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a>然而，液態鋰的反應性較固態鋰高許多。<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a>鋰金屬性質柔軟，可用刀切開，在切開的同時，銀白色切面會快速氧化為灰色的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氧化锂">氧化鋰</a>。<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a>雖然鋰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">熔點在金屬中甚低</a>（180°C，453 K），但卻是鹼金族中熔點及沸點最高的元素。<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a>鋰金屬有極低密度（0.534 g/cm3）和松木相當，為所有固體元素在室溫下密度最低的，第二低的鈉（0.862 g/cm3）比它密度高60%以上。且除了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>之外，固體鋰的密度比任何其他液體元素還低，只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%AE" title="液氮">液氮</a>（0.808 g/cm3）的三分之二倍。<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> 鋰可以漂浮於最輕的烴油，也是三種可在水上漂浮的金屬之一，另外兩種則是<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鈉">鈉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鉀">鉀</a>。鋰的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%84%B9%E5%86%B7%E7%B8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="熱脹冷縮">熱膨脹係數</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>的兩倍也幾乎是<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>的四倍。<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a>在400 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9CK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ΜK（页面不存在）">μK</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)" class="extiw" title="en:Orders of magnitude (temperature)">Orders of magnitude (temperature)</a>）標準壓力<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a>下，或在較高溫度（9K以上）極大壓力（20GPa以上）<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a>下，鋰有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="超導現象">超導現象</a>。在70K以下時，鋰像鈉一樣有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A1%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%9B%B8%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="無擴散的相變（页面不存在）">無擴散的相變</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusionless_transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Diffusionless transformation">Diffusionless transformation</a>）發生。在4.2K時，晶體為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="六方晶系">六方晶系</a>（九層重複堆積），溫度升高後轉變為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">面心結構</a>，再變為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">體心結構</a>。六方晶系在液氦溫度（4K）很常見。<a href="#cite_note-overhauser-66">[65]</a>鋰也在高壓有多種同素異形體的結構。<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a>鋰的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a>為3.58KJ/kg-k，是所有固體中最高，<a href="#cite_note-CRC-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a>常用來當作<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="熱傳">熱傳導</a>應用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%B4%E5%89%82" title="冷却剂">冷卻劑</a>。<a href="#cite_note-CRC-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化學性質與化合物">化學性質與化合物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：化學性質與化合物">编辑</a>]</div> 鋰很易與水反應，但活性卻比其他鹼金屬小許多。該反應在水溶液中會形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>氣和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="氫氧化鋰">氫氧化鋰</a>。<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a>通常會和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94%E7%9F%B3%E8%A0%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="固體石蠟（页面不存在）">固體石蠟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" class="extiw" title="en:Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a>）一起存放在碳氫化合物構成的密封罐中。雖然其他更重的鹼金屬可以存放在密度更大的物質中，像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9%E6%B2%B9" title="矿物油">礦物油</a>，但鋰密度太小，無法完好浸至這些物質之中。<a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a>在潮濕的空氣之中，鋰會快速失去光澤，外表會形成黑色的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="氫氧化鋰">氫氧化鋰</a>（LiOH和LiOH·H2O）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%B0" title="氮化鋰">氮化鋰</a>（Li3N）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸鋰">碳酸鋰</a>（Li2CO3，LiOH和<a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a>反应的結果。）<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-44">[44]</a>接近火時，鋰化合物會發出強烈的深紅色，然而當鋰燃燒很旺盛時，火焰會轉為銀白色的亮光。暴露在水或水蒸氣中時，氧氣會點燃鋰並燃燒。<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a>鋰是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%87%83%E6%80%A7" title="可燃性">易燃的</a>，暴露在空氣中尤其是水中，可能會爆炸，但可能性較其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼金屬">鹼金屬</a>低。在常溫，鋰和水反應是活潑但非劇烈，反應產生的氫通常不會自燃。鋰生成的火很難熄滅，鋰與所有鹼金屬都需要乾粉滅火器（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%81%AB%E5%99%A8" title="滅火器">D類</a>）。而在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%8B%80%E6%B3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="標準狀況">標準狀況</a>下，鋰是少數能與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>反應的金屬。<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a>鋰與<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E8%A7%92%E7%BA%BF%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="对角线规则">對角線規則</a>，它們有相似的原子和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="离子半径">離子半徑</a>。而它們相似的化學性質包括，與氮氣反應形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氮化物">氮化物</a>，在氧氣中燃燒時形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧化物</a> （Li2O）和過氧化物（Li2O2），有相似<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E5%BA%A6" title="溶解度">溶解度</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">鹽</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸根">碳酸鹽</a> 和氮化物的熱不穩定性。<a href="#cite_note-kamienski-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-73">[72]</a> 鋰在高溫下與氫氣反應生成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氢化锂">氫化鋰</a>（LiH）。<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a>其他已知的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="二元化合物">二元化合物</a>包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="卤化物">鹵化物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氟化锂">氟化鋰</a>LiF、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氯化锂">氯化鋰</a>LiCl、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="溴化锂">溴化鋰</a>LiBr、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="碘化锂">碘化鋰</a>LiI），<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硫化物">硫化物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="硫化锂">硫化鋰</a>Li2S），<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超氧化物">超氧化物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="超氧化锂">超氧化鋰</a>LiO2）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="碳化物">碳化物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="碳化锂">碳化鋰</a>Li2C2）。而對於其他許多的無機化合物，鋰會與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="離子">陰離子</a>結合而形成鹽：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="硼酸鹽">硼酸鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="胺基鋰">酰胺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="碳酸鋰">碳酸鋰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%8B%B0" title="硝酸鋰">硝酸鋰</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="硼氢化物">硼氫化物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="硼氢化锂">硼氫化鋰</a>LiBH4）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D%E9%94%82" title="氢化铝锂">氫化鋁鋰</a>（LiAlH4）通常用作有機合成中的還原劑。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A6%E5%8C%96%E9%8B%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氦化鋰（页面不存在）">氦化鋰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiHe" class="extiw" title="en:LiHe">LiHe</a>）是一種相互作用非常弱的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%A1%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凡德瓦化合物（页面不存在）">凡德瓦化合物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_molecule" class="extiw" title="en:Van der Waals molecule">Van der Waals molecule</a>），已在非常低溫中檢測到。<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a>與第一族中其他元素不同的是，鋰的無機化合物遵循偶體法則，而不是八隅體法則。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同位素与核性质">同位素与核性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：同位素与核性质">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鋰的同位素">鋰的同位素</a></div> 鋰在自然界以兩種<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>6Li和7Li組成，後者較豐富（在自然界<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="豐度">豐度</a>約92.5%）。<a href="#cite_note-krebs-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-emsley-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-isotopesproject-76">[75]</a>和在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中相鄰的元素——<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="鈹">鈹</a>相比，兩者皆有極低的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88%E8%83%BD" title="核结合能">核結合能</a>。鋰是唯一可藉<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" class="mw-redirect" title="核分裂">核分裂</a>產生淨能的低原子序元素。兩種鋰原子核皆有較低的束縛能，低於除了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="氕">氕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6-3" title="氦-3">氦-3</a>以外的穩定核素，<a href="#cite_note-bind-77">[76]</a>因此，雖然它的原子量很小，但鋰在太陽系中的含量低於前32個元素中的25個。<a href="#cite_note-Lodders2003-78">[77]</a>鋰有7种<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>，其中最穩定的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>838<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a>的8Li和半衰期178毫秒的9Li。其它放射性同位素的半衰期皆短于10毫秒。半衰期最短的锂同位素為通过<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="质子发射">質子發射</a>衰變的4Li，半衰期僅有7.6×10−23秒。<a href="#cite_note-nuclidetable-79">[78]</a>6Li是五种质子数和中子数皆为奇数的稳定核素之一，另外四个分别是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC-10" class="mw-redirect" title="硼-10">硼-10</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE-14" title="氮-14">氮-14</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="钽的同位素">鉭-180m</a>。<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> 7Li是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%9D%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="太初核合成">太初核合成</a>時产生的其中一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="初始元素（页面不存在）">初始元素</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/primordial_elements" class="extiw" title="en:primordial elements">primordial elements</a>）（或稱初始<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="核素">核素</a>），少量6Li和7Li產生於恒星，可是之后又会被<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="鋰燃燒">燒掉</a>。<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a>7Li也可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%98%9F" title="碳星">碳星</a>中產生。<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a>太陽風、宇宙射線以及早期太陽系的7<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a>衰變也能產生少量的6Li和7Li。<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> 很多自然過程都能分餾鋰的同位素，<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a>如礦物形成（化學沉澱）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="代謝">代謝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B" title="離子交換">離子交換</a>。鋰離子（尤其是6Li）可以取代<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%9C%9F" title="黏土">黏土</a>礦物中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>和鐵，这導致在超微過濾和岩石蝕變過程中会逐渐浓缩6Li。奇特的11Li有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%B8%E6%9A%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="核暈（页面不存在）">核暈</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nuclear_halo" class="extiw" title="en:nuclear halo">nuclear halo</a>），有2粒中子围绕着剩下3粒质子和6粒中子转。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94%E6%BF%80%E5%85%89%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="原子蒸气激光同位素分离">原子蒸氣雷射同位素分離</a>可用於分離鋰同位素，特別是7Li。<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> 人工鋰分餾主要用于製造核武器和其它核物理用途。工業和軍事庫存大量分离輕同位素6Li，其程度已使自然界6Li和7Li比例在河流等地方有輕微但可測量出的變化。这使得鋰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>不确定性极大，因為它取決於這些自然界存在的穩定鋰同位素的自然豐度比例，它們可用於商業鋰礦物來源。<a href="#cite_note-Coplen2002-26">[26]</a> 鋰的兩種穩定同位素都可用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB" title="雷射冷卻">雷射冷卻</a>，並用於生產第一量子縮退<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E8%89%B2%E2%80%93%E6%84%9B%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="玻色–愛因斯坦凝聚">玻色</a>－<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%9D%E8%81%9A" title="费米凝聚">費米</a>混合物。<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> 通过人工制备，已得到锂的四種放射性同位素<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^5Li}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Li</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>5</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^5Li}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5d5c6f1ab4a4d5c9c94a7af056f8f6bb1a342299" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.096ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^5Li}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^8Li}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Li</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>8</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^8Li}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a37604cccbc53d6775d1fef4b5beba7bb5f4f291" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.096ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^8Li}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^9Li}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Li</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>9</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^9Li}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb1952dadd1a6adc416a050958ce06abdf9a27b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.096ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^9Li}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^11Li}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Li</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>11</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^11Li}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ce680430eb29a8b2be6f23b50db35baf4879c557" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.918ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^11Li}}}">，衰变方式如下<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a>： <dl><dd><dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa8d6a5f3b1f33db8c19a47afd0282427e6a7b5f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.235ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{8}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{8}\mathrm {Be} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{8}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{8}\mathrm {Be} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d841aaf6ebe342b1948145af1763a2e414386fd7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.673ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{8}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{8}\mathrm {Be} }"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{9}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{9}\mathrm {Be} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>9</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{9}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{9}\mathrm {Be} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e36b5620a908fc062317650a99db7131f593e1ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.673ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{9}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{9}\mathrm {Be} }"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{11}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{11}\mathrm {Be} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{11}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{11}\mathrm {Be} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/64219ca34ae23457f7b8e977cf022669a175b541" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.316ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{11}\mathrm {Li} \rightarrow \beta +{}_{4}^{11}\mathrm {Be} }"></dd></dl></dd></dl> 锂的同位素可发生下列反应，放出热量： <dl><dd><dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99805f08917872c914730fced06475fc17e07b17" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.166ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} }"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06c3031350a5424cd2d7c42e2624c6fc4e457320" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.979ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{1}^{1}\mathrm {H} \rightarrow 2\ {}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"></dd></dl></dd></dl> 也可用来制备<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>： <dl><dd><dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">L</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4a7ae0ee6f33b598f9e4b559f090fd88db3cb439" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:21.423ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{6}\mathrm {Li} +{}_{0}^{1}\mathrm {n} \rightarrow {}_{1}^{3}\mathrm {H} +{}_{2}^{4}\mathrm {He} }"></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="制备">制备</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：制备">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="锂矿的提取法">锂矿的提取法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：锂矿的提取法">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="硫酸盐法">硫酸盐法</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：硫酸盐法">编辑</a>]</div> 锂辉石和硫酸钾一起烧结，钾将锂置换出来，形成可溶于水的硫酸锂。 <dl><dd>2<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">LiAl(SiO3)2</a>＋<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="硫酸钾">K2SO4</a>　→　<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%94%82" title="硫酸锂">Li2SO4</a>＋2<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="白榴石">KAl(SiO3)2</a></dd></dl> 硫酸盐分解法很长一段时间内是工业制备锂的唯一方法。此方法不仅适用于锂辉石，也可用来处理锂云母。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="石灰法">石灰法</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：石灰法">编辑</a>]</div> 将<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0" title="石灰">石灰</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="石灰石">石灰石</a>与锂矿石一起烧结，然后用水处理，浸取液经多次蒸发，可从中结晶析出<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氢氧化锂">氢氧化锂</a>，反应式如下（温度为1000<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摄氏度">℃</a>）： <dl><dd>2<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">LiAl(SiO3)2</a>＋9<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化钙">CaO</a>　→　<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氧化锂">Li2O</a>＋CaO·Al2O3＋4[2CaO·SiO2]</dd></dl> 此方法的优点是： <ol><li>适用性强，能分解几乎所有锂矿石。</li> <li>反应不需要稀缺原料，石灰和石灰石均较便宜且容易获得。</li></ol> 缺点是： <ol><li>烧结时精矿会贫化，精矿中锂含量要求很高。</li> <li>浸取后得到的是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%80%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稀溶液（页面不存在）">稀溶液</a>，蒸发会消耗大量热量，且耗时长。</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="硫酸法">硫酸法</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：硫酸法">编辑</a>]</div> 首先提出此方法的是R.B.Ellestad和K.M.Leute<a href="#cite_note-译-88">[87]</a>，此方法适用于β-锂辉石和锂云母。原理如下（温度为250－300<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="摄氏度">℃</a>）： <dl><dd>2<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E8%BE%89%E7%9F%B3" title="锂辉石">LiAl(SiO3)2</a>＋<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8" title="硫酸">H2SO4</a>　→　<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%94%82" title="硫酸锂">Li2SO4</a>＋H2O·Al2O3·4SiO2</dd></dl> 此反应的关键问题是硫酸只能与β-锂辉石反应，而对于α-锂辉石无法与之反应。用硫酸直接分解未经锻烧的锂辉石，提取出来的锂仅占总量的4%<a href="#cite_note-译-88">[87]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="天然卤水的提取">天然卤水的提取</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：天然卤水的提取">编辑</a>]</div> 锂的来源也包括天然卤水和某些盐湖水。加工过程是将锂沉淀成Li2NaPO4，再将其转变为碳酸锂，即可作为原料来加工其他锂化合物了。加工天然卤水还可得到硼砂、碳酸钾、氯化钠、硫酸钠和氯化镁等。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="金属锂的制备">金属锂的制备</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：金属锂的制备">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="电解法">电解法</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：电解法">编辑</a>]</div> 锂可由电解熔融<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="氯化锂">氯化锂</a>而得。Guntz首先建议用电解熔融氯化锂和氯化钾的混合物来制备金属锂<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a>，这样可以把熔融温度从单质锂的610℃降至400℃。以<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%A2%A8" title="石墨">石墨</a>为阳极，以<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2" title="钢">低碳钢</a>为阴极，电解槽压为6.0－6.5V。这样可以得到纯度达到99%的锂。 <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Li+ + e- -> Li}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mtext>Li</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Li</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Li+ + e- -> Li}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e65ebf6b2ef65a9cb083312e45836b75a88dd5e1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:16.19ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Li+ + e- -> Li}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>Cl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mtext>e</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9efb7ef9e1a91719eb9a9e26ae9fe530f1412323" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.793ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e-}}}"></dd> <dd>2LiCl(l)　→　2Li(s)＋Cl2(g)</dd></dl> 电解法制得的金属锂通常有<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a>等机械杂质，須提纯；杂质可重新熔融，再借助比重不同滤除，不易除去的钠和钾可以通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢化法（页面不存在）">氢化法</a>除去。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="热还原法">热还原法</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：热还原法">编辑</a>]</div> 3Li2O＋2Al　→　6Li＋Al2O3—33.6<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E9%87%8C" title="卡路里">千卡</a> 2Li2O＋Si　→　4Li＋SiO2—76.3千卡 还原氧化锂是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="吸热反应">吸热反应</a>，再加上金属锂性质十分活泼，只能在高温和高<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA" title="真空">真空</a>中反应。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途">用途</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：用途">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="合成原料">合成原料</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：合成原料">编辑</a>]</div> 锂在许多反应可作为原料或中间物。在合成与锂相关的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="无机化合物">无机化合物</a>时，常常是将金属锂与其他单质反应。若要求纯度较高，可用锂与气态单质或化合物反应。例如用锂和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="硫化氢">硫化氢</a>合成<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="硫化锂">硫化锂</a>。反应方程式如下： <dl><dd>2<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H2</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> → <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li2</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H2</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="还原剂">还原剂</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：还原剂">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/Birch%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Birch还原">Birch还原</a></div> 金属锂溶于液<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8" title="氨">氨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>的混合溶剂中形成良好的还原剂，可用来还原含<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B3%E9%A6%99%E7%8E%AF" title="芳香环">芳香环</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有机化合物">有机化合物</a>。贵重的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93" title="甾体">甾化合物</a>通常用这种办法来还原。此法的优点是产率较高，缺点是比用钠还原昂贵，所以仅用于还原一些贵重的化合物。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="催化剂">催化剂</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：催化剂">编辑</a>]</div> 锂可用作<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" title="丁二烯">丁二烯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="异戊二烯">异戊二烯</a>等二烯烃聚合<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%89%82" title="催化剂">催化剂</a>，也可用来制造<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E8%81%9A%E7%89%A9" title="共聚物">共聚物</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="电池工业">电池工业</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：电池工业">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰電池">鋰電池</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0%E9%9B%A2%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰離子電池">鋰離子電池</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" title="行動電源">行動電源</a></div> 锂的原子量很小，只有6.9g·mol−1，用作阳极的电池有很高的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="能量密度">能量密度</a>。锂也能制造用於低温或高温的<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0" title="锂电池">电池</a><a href="#cite_note-第一卷-3">[3]</a>。 用于低温的电池通常用有机溶剂作电解质，並加入无机盐使之更导电，常用无机盐有<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%8B%B0" title="高氯酸鋰">高氯酸锂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%94%82" title="六氟磷酸锂">六氟磷酸锂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E7%A0%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%94%82" title="六氟砷酸锂">六氟砷酸锂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%94%82" title="硫化锂">硫化锂</a>等。二次锂电池中正极材料也为含锂化合物，如锂钴氧化物、锂镍氧化物、锂锰氧化物、锂铁氧化物等等，以及其多元化合物。二次锂电池中负极材料，也与锂的作用明显。 <dl><dd>电池<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81" class="mw-redirect" title="阴极">阴极</a>是锂，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E6%9E%81" class="mw-redirect" title="阳极">阳极</a>常用金属氯化物。例如锂－<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%93%B6" title="氯化银">氯化银</a>电池的电池反应为：</dd></dl> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> → <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a></dd></dl> 用于高温的电池，通常用熔融无机盐作电解质，必须在该盐的熔点以上方可使用。例如： <dl><dd>2<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl2</a> → 2<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="合金">合金</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：合金">编辑</a>]</div> 掺有锂的合金一般有强度大，密度小，耐高温等特性。也有人用锂合成了鋰－鉛液态半导体合金<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療">醫療</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：醫療">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/22px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/33px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/44px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="维基百科">维基百科</a>中的醫學内容仅供参考，並不能視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:医学声明">醫學聲明</a>。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0_(%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9)" title="鋰 (藥物)">鋰 (藥物)</a></div> 醫療用途的鋰目前主要分為兩種：一種為外用的局部治療，另一種則為已廣泛使用的口服治療。. 根據臨床研究中顯示，當鋰使用於外用的局部治療時，能有效治療<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E6%BC%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="脂漏性皮膚炎">脂漏性皮膚炎</a><a href="#cite_note-#1-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a>，目前鋰的作用机理還不十分清楚，這可能與鋰可抑制<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA-P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物質-P（页面不存在）">物質-P</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P" class="extiw" title="en:Substance P">Substance P</a>）<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a>及抑制<a href="/wiki/Malassezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Malassezia">Malassezia</a>酵母菌生長所需的所有游離脂肪酸有關<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a>。過去的一些研究顯示鋰可以抑制許多<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%89%E9%89%80%E6%B3%B5" title="鈉鉀泵">鈉鉀泵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%8E%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6" title="腺苷酸环化酶">腺苷酸环化酶</a>、合成<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%88%97%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0E1" title="前列腺素E1">前列腺素E1</a>的各种酶、和inositol-1-phosphatase等<a href="#cite_note-#2-98">[97]</a>。鋰亦有抗發炎及免疫調節的作用<a href="#cite_note-#2-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-#1-91">[90]</a>。除此之外，在法國的研究中顯示含鋰元素的活泉水（ Evaux thermal spring water）能改善癌症患者因治療所引起的皮膚指甲等的副作用<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a>。 口服的鋰主要用於精神科，用來治療躁鬱症。躁鬱症使用的濃度约0.6-0.8mmol/L血液，约合每日900毫克碳酸锂（合170毫克锂元素）。口服用的鋰會造成許多皮膚的副作用，像是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%91%E9%BB%9E%E4%B8%98%E7%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斑點丘疹（页面不存在）">斑點丘疹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%A4%E7%96%AE" title="痤疮">痤瘡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%9B%E7%9A%AE%E7%99%AC%E7%8B%80%E7%96%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牛皮癬狀疹（页面不存在）">牛皮癬狀疹</a>。因此顯示口服的鋰有可能會促進或使已經存在的皮膚疾病更惡化，像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E7%9A%AE%E7%99%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="牛皮癬">牛皮癬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E6%BC%8F%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="脂漏性皮膚炎">脂漏性皮膚炎</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a>。口服的鋰有神经保护作用，可以增加神经元的增长和生存。<a href="#cite_note-Quiroz-102">[101]</a>更低剂量的口服锂副作用更小，但对于躁鬱症疗效也有下降。<a href="#cite_note-pmid38289425-103">[102]</a>用于延缓<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="阿尔茨海默症">阿尔茨海默症</a>发展则是足够。<a href="#cite_note-Haussmann_2021-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wei_2022-105">[104]</a> 一些地方的饮用水天然含较多的锂（最多相当于一天摄入10毫克锂元素，按一天饮水 3.7 L 计算）。这些地区的自杀率和暴力犯罪率似乎比条件类似的其他地区低，<a href="#cite_note-Araya-106">[105]</a>阿尔茨海默症造成的死亡率也较低。<a href="#cite_note-Haussmann_2021-104">[103]</a>但是这些地方的躁鬱症发病率没有区别。<a href="#cite_note-Araya-106">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他用途">其他用途</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：其他用途">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_(ASW)_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_(DDG_84).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/230px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/345px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/460px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>用鋰作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="燃料">燃料</a>發射出<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%9B%B7" title="魚雷">魚雷</a></figcaption></figure> 锂还能用于： <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="原子能">原子能</a>工业中制造<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%BD%E7%83%AD%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="载热剂（页面不存在）">载热剂</a></li> <li>制造特种<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>、特种<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>等</li> <li>作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冶金工业（页面不存在）">冶金工业</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%AB%E6%B0%A7%E5%8A%91" title="脫氧劑">脱氧剂</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%B1%E7%A1%AB%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脱硫剂（页面不存在）">脱硫剂</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%B1%E6%B3%A1%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脱泡剂（页面不存在）">脱泡剂</a></li> <li>作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="燃料">燃料</a>，可發射<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%9B%B7" title="魚雷">魚雷</a>等武器</li> <li>可作為煙火的紅色部分</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="保存方法">保存方法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：保存方法">编辑</a>]</div> 干燥环境下，锂金属不与氧气发生反应，只有在潮湿的环境下才与氧气发生反应，颜色由银白色变成黑色最后再变成白色。实验室中锂金属一般保存在干燥的惰性气体环境或是煤油中。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註解">註解</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：註解">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-res-50"><a href="#cite_ref-res_50-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2011/mcsapp2011.pdf">Appendixes</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106013449/http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2011/mcsapp2011.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期6 November 2011.. By USGS definitions, the reserve base "may encompass those parts of the resources that have a reasonable potential for becoming economically available within planning horizons beyond those that assume proven technology and current economics. 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Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 1800, 51: 239. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713145045/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29658#page/256/mode/1up">存档</a>于2015-07-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Des+caract%C3%A8res+et+des+propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+de+plusieurs+nouveaux+min%C3%A9rauxde+Su%C3%A8de+et+de+Norw%C3%A8ge%2C+avec+quelques+observations+chimiques+faites+sur+ces+substances&rft.au=D%27Andraba&rft.date=1800&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Physique%2C+de+Chimie%2C+d%27Histoire+Naturelle%2C+et+des+Arts&rft.pages=239&rft.volume=51&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F29658%23page%2F256%2Fmode%2F1up&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-mindat-6"><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">Petalite Mineral Information</a>. Mindat.org. [10 August 2009]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090216020902/http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">存档</a>于2009-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.btitle=Petalite+Mineral+Information&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Mindat.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-3171.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-webelementshistory-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-0">7.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-1">7.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-2">7.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-3">7.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-4">7.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-5">7.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_7-6">7.6</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">Lithium:Historical information</a>. [10 August 2009]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016023617/http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">存档</a>于2009-10-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.btitle=Lithium%3AHistorical+information&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Flithium%2Fhistory.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-8"><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_8-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC">Discovery of the Elements</a>. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. 2003: 124 [10 August 2009]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-7661-3872-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-7661-3872-8">ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3872-8&rft.pages=124&rft.place=Whitefish%2C+Montana%2C+United+States&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Berzelius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kAsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44">Ein neues mineralisches Alkali und ein neues Metall [A new mineral alkali and a new metal]</a>. Journal für Chemie und Physik. 1817, 21: 44–48. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203044634/https://books.google.com/books?id=kAsAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA44">存档</a>于2016-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Ein+neues+mineralisches+Alkali+und+ein+neues+Metall&rft.au=Berzelius&rft.date=1817&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+f%C3%BCr+Chemie+und+Physik&rft.pages=44-48&rft.volume=21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkAsAAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA44&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  From p. 45: "Herr August Arfwedson, ein junger sehr verdienstvoller Chemiker, der seit einem Jahre in meinem Laboratorie arbeitet, fand bei einer Analyse des Petalits von Uto's Eisengrube, einen alkalischen Bestandtheil, … Wir haben es Lithion genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden." (Mr. August Arfwedson, a young, very meritorious chemist, who has worked in my laboratory for a year, found during an analysis of petalite from Uto's iron mine, an alkaline component … We've named it lithion, in order to allude thereby to its first discovery in the mineral realm, since the two others were first discovered in organic nature. Its radical will then be named "lithium".) </li> <li id="cite_note-berzelius-10"><a href="#cite_ref-berzelius_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007084500/http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">Johan August Arfwedson</a>. Periodic Table Live!. [10 August 2009]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">原始内容</a>存档于7 October 2010）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Johan+August+Arfwedson&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Periodic+Table+Live%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemeddl.org%2Fcollections%2Fptl%2Fptl%2Fchemists%2Fbios%2Farfwedson.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-uwis-11"><a href="#cite_ref-uwis_11-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605152857/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">Johan Arfwedson</a>. [10 August 2009]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">原始内容</a>存档于5 June 2008）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.btitle=Johan+Arfwedson&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenchem.chem.wisc.edu%2Flab%2FPTL%2FPTL%2FBIOS%2Farfwdson.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-vanderkrogt-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_12-0">12.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_12-1">12.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_12-2">12.2</a> <cite class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616005621/http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=li">Lithium</a>. Elementymology & Elements Multidict. [5 October 2010]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">原始内容</a>存档于2011-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&rft.btitle=Lithium&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DLi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-compounds-13"><a href="#cite_ref-compounds_13-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Clark, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090311150044/http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">Compounds of the Group 1 Elements</a>. 2005 [10 August 2009]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.btitle=Compounds+of+the+Group+1+Elements&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-krebs-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-1">14.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-2">14.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-3">14.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-4">14.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-5">14.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-krebs_14-6">14.6</a> <cite class="citation book">Krebs, Robert E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyuseofoure0000kreb">The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide</a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-313-33438-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-313-33438-2">ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Use+of+Our+Earth%27s+Chemical+Elements%3A+A+Reference+Guide&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33438-2&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryuseofoure0000kreb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> See: <ul><li>Arwedson, Aug. (1818) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=71QrAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Undersökning af några vid Utö Jernmalmsbrott förekommende Fossilier, och af ett deri funnet eget Eldfast Alkali"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171125213610/https://books.google.com/books?id=71QrAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA145">存檔</a>，存档日期25 November 2017., Afhandlingar i Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, 6 : 145–172. (in Swedish)</li> <li>Arwedson, Aug. (1818) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802493;view=1up;seq=105">"Untersuchung einiger bei der Eisen-Grube von Utö vorkommenden Fossilien und von einem darin gefundenen neuen feuerfesten Alkali"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210313170552/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076802493;view=1up;seq=105">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (Investigation of some minerals occurring at the iron mines of Utö and of a new refractory alkali found therein), Journal für Chemie und Physik, 22 (1) : 93–117. (in German)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gmelin, C. G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2OTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA238#v=onepage&q&f=false">Von dem Lithon [On lithium]</a>. Annalen der Physik. 1818, 59 (7): 238–241. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1818AnP....59..229G">Bibcode:1818AnP....59..229G</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.18180590702">doi:10.1002/andp.18180590702</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109122750/https://books.google.com/books?id=E2OTAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA238#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2015-11-09）. <q>p. 238 Es löste sich in diesem ein Salz auf, das an der Luft zerfloss, und nach Art der Strontiansalze den Alkohol mit einer purpurrothen Flamme brennen machte. (There dissolved in this [solvent; namely, absolute alcohol] a salt that deliquesced in air, and in the manner of strontium salts, caused the alcohol to burn with a purple-red flame.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Von+dem+Lithon&rft.au=Gmelin%2C+C.+G.&rft.date=1818&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.pages=238-241&rft.volume=59&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2OTAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA238%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1818AnP....59..229G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.18180590702&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-eote-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eote_17-0">17.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eote_17-1">17.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Enghag, Per. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh">Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data – History –Processing – Applications</a>. Wiley. 2004: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaelem00engh/page/287">287</a>–300. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-527-30666-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-527-30666-4">ISBN 978-3-527-30666-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.au=Enghag%2C+Per&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements%3A+Technical+Data+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93Processing+%E2%80%93+Applications&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-527-30666-4&rft.pages=287-300&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaelem00engh&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-0">18.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-1">18.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-2">18.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-3">18.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-4">18.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emsley_18-5">18.5</a> <cite class="citation book">Emsley, John. Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-850341-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-19-850341-5">ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850341-5&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Brande, William Thomas (1821) A Manual of Chemistry, 2nd ed. London, England: John Murray, vol. 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERgAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA57">pp. 57-58.</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122161727/https://books.google.com/books?id=ERgAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA57">存檔</a>，存档日期22 November 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Various authors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=D_4WAAAAYAAJ">The Quarterly journal of science and the arts</a> (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts (Royal Institution of Great Britain). 1818, 5: 338 [5 October 2010].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=The+Quarterly+journal+of+science+and+the+arts&rft.au=Various+authors&rft.date=1818&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Science+and+the+Arts&rft.pages=338&rft.volume=5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD_4WAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205043252/http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">Timeline science and engineering</a>. DiracDelta Science & Engineering Encyclopedia. [18 September 2008]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">原始内容</a>存档于2008-12-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.btitle=Timeline+science+and+engineering&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=DiracDelta+Science+%26+Engineering+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diracdelta.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fsource%2Ft%2Fi%2Ftimeline%2Fsource.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brande, William Thomas; MacNeven, William James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=zkIAAAAAYAAJ">A manual of chemistry</a>. Long. 1821: 191 [8 October 2010].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.au=MacNeven%2C+William+James&rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&rft.aulast=Brande&rft.btitle=A+manual+of+chemistry&rft.date=1821&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Long&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzkIAAAAAYAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bunsen, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002457943;view=1up;seq=517">Darstellung des Lithiums [Preparation of lithium]</a>. 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The Times (London). 15 June 2010. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514140029/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/natural_resources/article7149696.ece">存档</a>于2011-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Taleban+zones+mineral+riches+may+rival+Saudi+Arabia+says+Pentagon&rft.au=Evans%2C+Michael&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Page&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Findustry_sectors%2Fnatural_resources%2Farticle7149696.ece&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Morris, Steven. 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Neuropsychobiology. 2010, 62 (1): 50–60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2889681">PMC 2889681</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20453535">PMID 20453535</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000314310">doi:10.1159/000314310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Novel+insights+into+lithium%27s+mechanism+of+action%3A+neurotrophic+and+neuroprotective+effects&rft.au=Machado-Vieira%2C+R&rft.au=Manji%2C+HK&rft.au=Zarate%2C+CA&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.aulast=Quiroz&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychobiology&rft.pages=50-60&rft.volume=62&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2889681&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2889681&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000314310&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20453535&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid38289425-103"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid38289425_103-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Strawbridge R, Young AH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10828288">Lithium: how low can you go?</a>. 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January 2024, 12 (1): 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10828288">PMC 10828288</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38289425">PMID 38289425</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40345-024-00325-y">doi:10.1186/s40345-024-00325-y</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <q>An in-depth recent study reported high interindividual variation but steeper declines in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) explained by lithium use but also found wrongful clinical attribution of some chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases to lithium (Fransson et al. 2022) which may have increased other records-based studies’ estimates (Strawbridge and Young 2022). 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March 2022, 26 (6): 2201–2214. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9173589">PMC 9173589</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35363371">PMID 35363371</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.26355%2Feurrev_202203_28369">doi:10.26355/eurrev_202203_28369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Potential+mechanisms+underlying+lithium+treatment+for+Alzheimer%27s+disease+and+COVID-19&rft.au=Anchipolovsky%2C+S&rft.au=Chuang%2C+DM&rft.au=Liang%2C+G&rft.au=Vera%2C+R&rft.aufirst=HF&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.date=2022-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=European+Review+for+Medical+and+Pharmacological+Sciences&rft.pages=2201-2214&rft.volume=26&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9173589&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9173589&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26355%2Feurrev_202203_28369&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35363371&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Araya-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Araya_106-0">105.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Araya_106-1">105.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Araya, P; Martínez, C; Barros, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8891154">Lithium in Drinking Water as a Public Policy for Suicide Prevention: Relevance and Considerations.</a>. Frontiers in public health. 2022, 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8891154">PMC 8891154</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35252091">PMID 35252091</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpubh.2022.805774">doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.805774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%94%82&rft.atitle=Lithium+in+Drinking+Water+as+a+Public+Policy+for+Suicide+Prevention%3A+Relevance+and+Considerations.&rft.au=Barros%2C+J&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez%2C+C&rft.aufirst=P&rft.aulast=Araya&rft.date=2022&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+public+health&rft.volume=10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8891154&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8891154&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpubh.2022.805774&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35252091&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%82&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素锂在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/3.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Li.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 锂</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/003.htm">锂</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素锂在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Li/index.html">WebElements.com – 锂</a>（英文）</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qhei.gov.cn/zrzy/zrzy_kczy05_03.htm">青海经济信息网：自然资源（盐类矿产——锂矿）</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edu.jl.cninfo.net/school/lm/li-ch2.htm">锂与社会</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style 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href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks 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center;;;width:17em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">钠</a> Na 原子序数: 11 原子量: 22.990 熔点: 370.87 沸点: 1156 电负性: 0.96 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:17em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">钾</a> K 原子序数: 19 原子量: 39.098 熔点: 336.58 沸点: 1032 电负性: 0.82 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:17em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">铷</a> Rb 原子序数: 37 原子量: 85.468 熔点: 312.46 沸点: 961 电负性: 0.82 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:17em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">铯</a> Cs 原子序数: 55 原子量: 132.905 熔点: 301.59 沸点: 944 电负性: 0.79 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;;;width:17em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">钫</a> Fr 原子序数: 87 原子量: (223) 熔点: ?295 沸点: ?950 电负性: 0.7 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