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class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.1</span> <span>Arts and sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-611" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#611"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>611</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-611-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Persian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Persian Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-612" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#612"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>612</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-612-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.4</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-613" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#613"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>613</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-613-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-614" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#614"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>614</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-614-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-615" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#615"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>615</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-615-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.2</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesoamerica_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesoamerica_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1.3</span> <span>Mesoamerica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesoamerica_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-616" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#616"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>616</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-616-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-617" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#617"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>617</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-617-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.2</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britain_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britain_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.3</span> <span>Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britain_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-618" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#618"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>618</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-618-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9.1.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-619" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#619"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>619</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-619-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_place_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_Empire_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.1</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.1.2</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_sciences_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_sciences_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.1</span> <span>Arts and sciences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_sciences_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10.2.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significant_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significant_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Significant people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significant_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">610s</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_610" title="عقد 610 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 610" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_610" title="Anyos 610 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 610" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_610" title="Década del 610 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 610" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-an" title="610-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="610-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="৬১০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="৬১০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="610 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="610 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D1%8F" title="610-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="610-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-e" title="610-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="610-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_610" title="Bloavezhioù 610 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 610" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_610" title="Dècada del 610 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 610" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="610-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="610-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/610au" title="610au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="610au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%27erne" title="610'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="610'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_610" title="عوام 610 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 610" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/610er" title="610er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="610er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/610._aastad" title="610. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="610. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_610" title="An 610 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 610" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_610" title="Años 610 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 610" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/610eko_hamarkada" title="610eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="610eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B6%DB%B1%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۶۱۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۶۱۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%C3%A1rini" title="610-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="610-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_610" title="Années 610 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 610" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/610id%C3%AD" title="610idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="610idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/610an" title="610an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="610an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_610" title="Década de 610 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 610" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="610年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="610年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="610년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="610년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-an" title="610-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="610-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_610" title="Anni 610 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 610" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-7" title="העשור השני של המאה ה-7 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העשור השני של המאה ה-7" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-an" title="610-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="610-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="610-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="610-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_610" title="Miaka ya 610 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 610" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="610-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="610-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_610" title="Anni 610 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 610" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-es_%C3%A9vek" title="610-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="610-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="610-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="610-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे ६१० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे ६१० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="610-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="610-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_610" title="عقد 610 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 610" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-an" title="610-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="610-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="610 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="610 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_xihuitl" title="610 xihuitl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="610 xihuitl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-619" title="610-619 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="610-619" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="610年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="610年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%C3%A5rene" title="610-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="610-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="610 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="610 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-lar" title="610-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="610-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_610" title="Década de 610 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 610" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_610" title="Anii 610 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 610" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_watakuna" title="610 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="610 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="610-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="610-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/610s" title="610s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="610s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_610" title="Vitet 610 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 610" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/610ini" title="610ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="610ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%96_610%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්‍රිපූ 610ගණන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිපූ 610ගණන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._roky_7._storo%C4%8Dia" title="10. roky 7. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="10. roky 7. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/610." title="610. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="610." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D0%B5" title="610-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="610-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-e" title="610-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="610-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-an" title="610-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="610-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-luku" title="610-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="610-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-talet" title="610-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="610-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="610-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="610-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_610" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 610 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 610" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_610_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 610 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 610 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="610ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="610ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/610-%D1%82%D1%96" title="610-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="610-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="610ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="610ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_610" title="Thập niên 610 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 610" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/610_nga_dekada" title="610 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="610 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="610年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="610年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="610年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="610年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/610%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="610年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="610年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q248323#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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century">7th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/590s" title="590s">590s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/600s_(decade)" title="600s (decade)">600s</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">610s</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/620s" title="620s">620s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/630s" title="630s">630s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_610" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_611" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 611">611</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_612" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 612">612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_613" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 613">613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_614" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 614">614</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_615" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 615">615</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_616" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 616">616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_617" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 617">617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_618" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 618">618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_619" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 619">619</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:610s_births" title="Category:610s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:610s_deaths" title="Category:610s deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:610s_establishments" title="Category:610s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:610s_disestablishments" title="Category:610s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>610s</b> decade ran from January 1, 610, to December 31, 619. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="610">610</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_610" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 610">AD 610</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_610&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_610&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heraclian_revolt" title="Heraclian revolt">Heraclian revolt</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> arrives with a fleet from <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Assisted by an <a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">uprising</a> in the capital, he overthrows and personally beheads Emperor <a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a>. Heraclius gains the <a href="/wiki/Throne" title="Throne">throne</a> with help from his father <a href="/wiki/Heraclius_the_Elder" title="Heraclius the Elder">Heraclius the Elder</a>. His first major act is to change the official language of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Greek</a> (already the language of the vast majority of the population). Because of this, after AD 610, the Empire is customarily referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (the term Byzantine is a modern term invented by historians in the 18th century; the people of the Empire itself always referred to themselves as "Ρωμαῖος" — tr. <i>Rōmaios</i>, Roman).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> invade the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Friuli" title="Duchy of Friuli">Duchy of Friuli</a>, an important buffer between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Kingdom of the Lombards</a> in Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the fighting <a href="/wiki/Gisulf_II_of_Friuli" title="Gisulf II of Friuli">Gisulf II</a> dies and his duchy is overrun (approximate date).</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Witteric" title="Witteric">Witteric</a> is assassinated during a <a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">banquet</a> at <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>, by a faction of <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> nobles. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Gundemar" title="Gundemar">Gundemar</a>, duke of <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>, who becomes king of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_II" title="Theuderic II">Theuderic II</a> loses <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(province)" title="Champagne (province)">Champagne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a> to his elder brother <a href="/wiki/Theudebert_II" title="Theudebert II">Theudebert II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundian</a> army is defeated east of the <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a> arises on the territory of modern Russia, being the first civilization in the region to arise from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early Slavs</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selyf_ap_Cynan" title="Selyf ap Cynan">Selyf ap Cynan</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Cynan_Garwyn" title="Cynan Garwyn">Cynan Garwyn</a> as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a> (Wales).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arts_and_sciences"> Arts and sciences</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Arts and sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a> technology is imported into Japan from China by the Korean Buddhist priest, <a href="/wiki/Damjing" title="Damjing">Dam Jing</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, Islamic prophet, begins at 40 years old to preach a religion which will be called <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. According to Islamic teachings, the angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> appears to him in a cave on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Hira">Mount Hira</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>) and calls him: "The <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">Prophet of Allah</a>". Muhammad gathers followers, reciting to them the first verses of Qur'an(Iqra), thus beginning the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelation" title="Muhammad's first revelation">revelation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qur'an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Pope Boniface IV</a> presides over a Council of Rome for the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic</a> discipline. Attendees include <a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">bishop of London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbanus" title="Columbanus">Columbanus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Gall" title="Saint Gall">Gallus</a> begin their <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> work in <a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> (Switzerland).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Merciful" title="John the Merciful">John V</a> (the Merciful) becomes <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchs_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek Orthodox Patriarchs of Alexandria">patriarch of Alexandria</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="611">611</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_611" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 611">AD 611</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_611&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_611&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=611&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Persian_Empire"> Persian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=611&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Persian Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sassanid_War_of_602%E2%80%93628#Persian_ascendancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628">Byzantine–Persian War</a>: The Persian army under <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, and most of the remaining Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortresses</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. King <a href="/wiki/Khosrau_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Khosrau II">Khosrau II</a> is re-establishing a neo-<a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Persian Empire</a>, and intensifies his war effort. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Byzantine army</a>, ruined by defeat and <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, offers only half-hearted opposition.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_2"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=611&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynegils_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynegils of Wessex">Cynegils</a> becomes king of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">West Saxons</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, after the death of his uncle <a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_of_Wessex" title="Ceolwulf of Wessex">Ceolwulf</a> (according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i>). He rules from 611 to 643 and shares power to some extent with his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Cwichelm_of_Wessex" title="Cwichelm of Wessex">Cwichelm</a>, who may have been given Upper Wessex (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=611&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_2"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=611&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Four_Gates_Pagoda" title="Four Gates Pagoda">Four Gates Pagoda</a>, located in central <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of the People's Republic of China">Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East China</a>), is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="612">612</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_612" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 612">AD 612</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_612&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_612&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_2"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – Empress <a href="/wiki/Fabia_Eudokia" title="Fabia Eudokia">Eudokia</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, dies of <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>. She leaves two children, and is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Church of the Holy Apostles">Church of the Holy Apostles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_2"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Theudebert_II" title="Theudebert II">Theudebert II</a> is defeated by his brother <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_II" title="Theuderic II">Theuderic II</a> at <a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a> (northeastern France). He is captured in battle and, after having his royal <a href="/wiki/Paraphernalia" title="Paraphernalia">paraphernalia</a> taken, is handed over to his grandmother <a href="/wiki/Brunhilda_of_Austrasia" title="Brunhilda of Austrasia">Brunhilda</a>. He is put in a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, and assassinated with his son Merovech. Theuderic, age 25, becomes sole ruler of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burgundy" title="Kingdom of Burgundy">Burgundy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisebut" title="Sisebut">Sisebut</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Gundemar" title="Gundemar">Gundemar</a> as king of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>. He begins a campaign against the remains of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> power in <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Sui_War" title="Goguryeo–Sui War">Goguryeo–Sui War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Yángdi</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>) with an expeditionary force of over one million men, named the "24 Armies".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salsu" title="Battle of Salsu">Battle of Salsu</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a> force of 305,000 men is defeated by the Korean general <a href="/wiki/Eulji_Mundeok" title="Eulji Mundeok">Eulji Mundeok</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a>; only 2,700 troops survive.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sak_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC" title="Sak Kʼukʼ">Sak Kʼukʼ</a> succeeds her father <a href="/wiki/Ajen_Yohl_Mat" title="Ajen Yohl Mat">Ajen Yohl Mat</a>, as queen of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a> (modern Mexico).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_3"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_3"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=612&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbanus" title="Columbanus">Columbanus</a> moves to Italy and establishes the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Bobbio" title="Bobbio">Bobbio</a> (approximate date).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sponge" title="Holy Sponge">Holy Sponge</a> is brought to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> from <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz" title="Arnulf of Metz">Arnulf</a>, counselor of Theudebert II, becomes <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">bishop of Metz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Gall" title="Saint Gall">Gallus</a> founds the monastery of <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a> (Switzerland).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="613">613</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_613" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 613">AD 613</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_613&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_613&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_3"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> marries his niece <a href="/wiki/Martina_(empress)" title="Martina (empress)">Martina</a>; she becomes empress (<i><a href="/wiki/Augusta_(honorific)" class="mw-redirect" title="Augusta (honorific)">Augusta</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. This second <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a> is considered to fall within the <a href="/wiki/Prohibited_degree_of_kinship" title="Prohibited degree of kinship">prohibited degree of kinship</a>, and is approved by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Byzantine_emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)">Constantine</a> is crowned co-emperor (<i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a></i>) by his father Heraclius and shortly after betrothed to his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Gregoria" title="Gregoria">Gregoria</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Nicetas_(cousin_of_Heraclius)" title="Nicetas (cousin of Heraclius)">Nicetas</a>. Only 8 months old, Constantine has no real power and his dynastic title is purely <a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">ceremonial</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628#Persian_dominance" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine–Persian War</a>: Heraclius appoints himself <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>, along with his brother <a href="/wiki/Theodore_(brother_of_Heraclius)" title="Theodore (brother of Heraclius)">Theodore</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Curopalates" class="mw-redirect" title="Curopalates">curopalates</a></i>), to solidify command of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(613)" title="Battle of Antioch (613)">Battle of Antioch</a>: Heraclius <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilises</a> a Byzantine expeditionary force to <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>), but is completely defeated outside the city by the Persians. <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Vahmanzadegan" title="Shahin Vahmanzadegan">Shahin Vahmanzadegan</a> makes further inroads into Central and <a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Western Anatolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoss1975_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoss1975-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Syria, <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> captures the cities of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apamea,_Syria" title="Apamea, Syria">Apamea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Emesa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_3"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Theuderic_II" title="Theuderic II">Theuderic II</a> dies of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasian</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, while preparing a campaign against his longtime enemy, <a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a>. His grandmother <a href="/wiki/Brunhilda_of_Austrasia" title="Brunhilda of Austrasia">Brunhilda</a> attempts to establish a third <a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">regency</a> for her illegitimate great-grandson <a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a>.</li> <li>Chlothar II reunites the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a> by ordering the murder of Sigebert II. He accuses Brunhilda, age 70, of killing ten kings of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> (according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Historiae_Francorum" title="Liber Historiae Francorum">Liber Historiae Francorum</a></i>). She is dragged to death behind a wild horse at <a href="/wiki/Abbeville" title="Abbeville">Abbeville</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_3"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chester" title="Battle of Chester">Battle of Chester</a>: King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith" title="Æthelfrith">Æthelfrith</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (northwest Wales), in order to route out his old enemy, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Deira</a>. A united <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Brythonic</a> force (Gwynedd, <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengwern" title="Pengwern">Pengwern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonian</a> warriors) is defeated near <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_2"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Sui_War" title="Goguryeo–Sui War">Goguryeo–Sui War</a>: Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Yángdi</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a> again, and puts <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> under <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a>. During the campaign <a href="/wiki/Yang_Xuangan" title="Yang Xuangan">Yang Xuangan</a>, an official of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a>, starts a rebellion near <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. Fearing attacks from two fronts, Yángdi is forced to retreat his army.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isanapura" title="Isanapura">Isanapura</a> becomes the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodian</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_4"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_4"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=613&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Islam: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> begins preaching in public. He spreads the message of Islam and encourages a personal devotion to God. Quraysh leaders of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> oppose any change in the traditional tribal and religious customs.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="614">614</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_614" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 614">AD 614</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_614&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_614&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_4"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628</a>: <ul><li>The Levantine cities of <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsuf">Arsuf</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> surrender on terms to the Sasanians.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem</a>: A Persian–Judaean army (26,000 men) commanded by <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> captures and sacks <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, after a 20-day <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">siege</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Somewhere between 57,000 and 66,500 citizens are slain; another 35,000 are enslaved, including the Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem#Patriarchs_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Zacharias</a>. Many churches in the city (including the "Church of the Resurrection" or <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>) are burned, and numerous <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Lance" title="Holy Lance">Holy Lance</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sponge" title="Holy Sponge">Holy Sponge</a>, are carried off to the Persian capital <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>The Persians destroy the <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanid</a> Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_4"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Chlothar_II" title="Chlothar II">Chlothar II</a> promulgates the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Paris" title="Edict of Paris">Edict of Paris</a> (<i>Edictum Chlotacharii</i>), a sort of Frankish <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a> that defends the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> nobles and the church, and regulates the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">counts</a> (secular officials in charge of <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">law courts</a>, collecting <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxes</a>, and assembling contingents for the army), while it <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">excludes Jews</a> from all civil employment in the <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Frankish Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian's Palace">Palace of Diocletian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>) is damaged by the <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a>, who sack the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Salona" title="Salona">Salona</a>. The population flees to the walled palace, which is able to hold out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199134_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199134-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_4"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bampton">Battle of Bampton</a>: King <a href="/wiki/Cynegils_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynegils of Wessex">Cynegils of Wessex</a> defeats the invading <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Britons</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>). They use the <a href="/wiki/Roman_roads" title="Roman roads">Roman road</a> eastward from <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Dorset" title="Dorchester, Dorset">Dorchester</a>, and are intercepted by the <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxons</a> marching south.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_5"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_5"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=614&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sudarium_of_Oviedo" title="Sudarium of Oviedo">Sudarium of Oviedo</a> is taken from <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, after the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanid Persians</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="615">615</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_615" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 615">AD 615</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_615&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_615&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_5"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> are freely overrun by the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>, who settle in large numbers in what is now <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and parts of Greece. The western territories of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>) suffer raids from the <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a>, who settle in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199134_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199134-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Slavs under <a href="/wiki/Chatzon" title="Chatzon">Chatzon</a> attack in <a href="/wiki/Longboat" title="Longboat">longboats</a> along the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, and various Greek islands. They besiege the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> in a combined land and sea attack. The Slavs with their families encamp before the <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Thessaloniki" title="Walls of Thessaloniki">city walls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199141_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199141-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidaurus</a> (Dalmatia) is destroyed by the Avars and Slavic invaders. The <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyrian</a> refugees flee to the nearby island <a href="/wiki/Cavtat" title="Cavtat">Laus</a>, where they found <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> (Ragusa). The islands of <a href="/wiki/Rab_(island)" title="Rab (island)">Rab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cres" title="Cres">Cres</a> become major <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> suppliers for the surviving cities of the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199135_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleutherius_(exarch)" title="Eleutherius (exarch)">Eleutherius</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/John_I_(exarch)" title="John I (exarch)">John I</a> as <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">exarch of Ravenna</a>. He persecutes those implicated in the murder of John and the judges of the State. After making a courtesy visit to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Pope Adeodatus I</a>, Eleutherius captures <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and kills the rebel leader <a href="/wiki/John_of_Conza" title="John of Conza">John of Conza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_5"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor-on-Dee" title="Bangor-on-Dee">Bangor Massacre</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>, under King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a>, after defeating the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a>, finally reach the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> and massacre 1,200 Christian <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> at their <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bangor-on-Dee" title="Bangor-on-Dee">Bangor</a> (Wales).<sup id="cite_ref-genuki_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genuki-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a> takes refuge in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>; he marries Cwenburga, daughter of king <a href="/wiki/Cearl_of_Mercia" title="Cearl of Mercia">Cearl of Mercia</a> (according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_ecclesiastica_gentis_Anglorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum">Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</a></i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Mesoamerica_2"> Mesoamerica</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Mesoamerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Sak_K%CA%BCuk%CA%BC" title="Sak Kʼukʼ">Sak Kʼukʼ</a> is succeeded by her son <a href="/wiki/K%27inich_Janaab%27_Pakal" class="mw-redirect" title="K'inich Janaab' Pakal">Pacal the Great</a>, as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Maya_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya city">Maya city</a> state <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a> (Mexico). He begins a building program at his capital, that produces some of <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a>'s finest <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Maya_art" title="Ancient Maya art">art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">architecture</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_6"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_6"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=615&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a> dies after a 7-year reign, in which he has converted the <a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a> into the Church of "Santa Maria Rotonda". He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a> (also known as Deusdedit) as the 68th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> of Rome.</li> <li>Several of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s followers begin to <a href="/wiki/Migration_to_Abyssinia" title="Migration to Abyssinia">emigrate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksumite Empire</a>. They found a small colony there, under the protection of the Christian <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Sahama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahama">Așhama ibn Abjar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="616">616</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_616" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 616">AD 616</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_616&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_616&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_5"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sassanid_War_of_602%E2%80%93628" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628">Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> gain complete control over the city; much of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> becomes an autonomous Jewish province of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Persian Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Jewish Temple</a> is rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Nehemiah_ben_Hushiel" title="Nehemiah ben Hushiel">Nehemiah ben Hushiel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Exilarch" title="Exilarch">exilarch</a> of Jerusalem), who establishes a High Priesthood.</li> <li>The Persian army under <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Vahmanzadegan" title="Shahin Vahmanzadegan">Shahin Vahmanzadegan</a> destroys the city of <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>, including its <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>. Its importance is due to a highway, leading from the interior to the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> coast. Shahin marches through <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, defeating the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greeks" title="Byzantine Greeks">Byzantines</a> numerous times.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_6"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald</a>, age 14, succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombard</a> king of Italy. He reigns under his mother <a href="/wiki/Theodelinda" title="Theodelinda">Theodelinda</a> as <a href="/wiki/Regency_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency (government)">regent</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard Kingdom</a> gradually begins to convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, and establishes peace with the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Sisebut" title="Sisebut">Sisebut</a> orders in the <a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Toledo" title="Councils of Toledo">Council of Toledo</a> that Jews are to convert to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Children are taken from their parents and put in <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monasteries</a>, where they learn the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom" title="Visigothic Kingdom">Visigothic Kingdom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_6"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6dwald_of_East_Anglia" title="Rædwald of East Anglia">Rædwald of East Anglia</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_River_Idle" title="Battle of the River Idle">Battle of the River Idle</a>. King <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith</a> is killed during the fighting and his children are forced to flee north. His heir, prince <a href="/wiki/Eanfrith_of_Bernicia" title="Eanfrith of Bernicia">Eanfrith</a> (age 26), seeks refuge with his mother's family, probably in <a href="/wiki/Gododdin" title="Gododdin">Gododdin</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>), and moves further north into <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Pictland</a>. Princes <a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald</a> (age 12), <a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu</a> (age 4) and others escape to the court of King <a href="/wiki/Eochaid_Buide" title="Eochaid Buide">Eochaid Buide</a> of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a>, where they are converted to Christianity by the <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rædwald installs <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin</a> as king of Northumbria, effectively confirming him as <i><a href="/wiki/Bretwalda" title="Bretwalda">bretwalda</a></i>. He takes power in his native <a href="/wiki/Deira" title="Deira">Deira</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Bernicia" title="Bernicia">Bernicia</a>. His reign marks the domination of Northumbria as leading <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> state of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht</a>, the first Christian Anglo-Saxon king, dies in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> son, <a href="/wiki/Eadbald_of_Kent" title="Eadbald of Kent">Eadbald</a>, who promptly marries his stepmother <a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Austrasia" title="Emma of Austrasia">Emma</a>, in accordance with pre-Christian custom.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6berht_of_Essex" title="Sæberht of Essex">Sæberht of Essex</a> dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Sexred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexred">Sexred</a>. He rules conjointly with his two brothers <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6ward_of_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sæward of Essex">Sæward</a> and Sigeberht; they throw out the Christian <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> and return to paganism.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chester" title="Battle of Chester">Battle of Chester</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a>: <b>Guaith Caer Legion</b>; <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <b>Brwydr Caer</b>), which separates the (West) Welsh from the 'North' Welsh of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> - marking the formation of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, is fought (approximate date).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a>, as king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (Wales) (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_7"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_7"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=616&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exiled</a> by Sexred and his pagan brothers (Sæward and Sigeberht). He is forced to take refuge in <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>, and returns to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> the following year.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Quraish" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraish">Quraish</a> clans begins to boycott <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and Banu Hashem, in order to put pressure on his <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> followers and his <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> preachings.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> on the site of the future <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> (London) is founded (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="617">617</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_617" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 617">AD 617</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_617&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_617&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_6"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sassanid_War_of_602%E2%80%93628#Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628">Byzantine-Sassanid War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Persian</a> army under <a href="/wiki/Shahin_Vahmanzadegan" title="Shahin Vahmanzadegan">Shahin Vahmanzadegan</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, and reaches the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, threatening <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> begins peace negotiations, promising an annual <a href="/wiki/Tribute" title="Tribute">tribute</a> of 1,000 talents of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shahin withdraws with his army to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, to focus on the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt_(Late_Antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoss1975724_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoss1975724-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avars</a> send envoys to Constantinople for a meeting with Heraclius. He is warned about an <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambush</a>, and flees for safety behind the city walls in time. Angry at the failure to capture the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> emperor, the Avars plunder <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and return to the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube River</a>, carrying off 270,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199142_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199142-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe_7"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grasulf_of_Friuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasulf of Friuli">Grasulf II</a> becomes the Lombard <a href="/wiki/Dukes_and_margraves_of_Friuli" title="Dukes and margraves of Friuli">Duke of Friuli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), after the assassination of his nephews, <a href="/wiki/Tasso_of_Friuli" title="Tasso of Friuli">Tasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kakko_of_Friuli" title="Kakko of Friuli">Kakko</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Oderzo" title="Oderzo">Oderzo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Britain_7"> Britain</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_the_Little" title="Sigeberht the Little">Sigeberht</a> becomes king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a>, after his father <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6ward_of_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sæward of Essex">Sæward</a> and uncle <a href="/wiki/Sexred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexred">Sexred</a> are killed in battle against the <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">West Saxons</a>.</li> <li>Heathens revolt in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a> under King <a href="/wiki/Eadbald_of_Kent" title="Eadbald of Kent">Eadbald</a>. During the uprising <a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Rochester" title="Bishop of Rochester">bishop of Rochester</a>, flees to <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a>.</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a> invades and annexes the minor <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">British</a> kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Elmet" title="Elmet">Elmet</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_3"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huoyi" title="Battle of Huoyi">Battle of Huoyi</a>: Rebel forces under <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozu of Tang">Li Yuān</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a> troops near the <a href="/wiki/Fen_River" title="Fen River">Fen River</a>, and capture the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> capital, <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>. Li has gained support from <a href="/wiki/Shibi_Khan" title="Shibi Khan">Shibi</a>, ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Eastern Turks</a>, who secures his northern frontier and supplies him with 2,000 horses.</li> <li>Winter – Li Yuan demotes Sui emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Yángdi</a> to the status of <i><a href="/wiki/Taishang_Huang" title="Taishang Huang">Taishang Huang</a></i> (retired emperor), and declares <a href="/wiki/Yang_You" title="Yang You">Yang You</a> emperor, while he gives himself authority over the western Sui <a href="/wiki/Commandery_(China)" title="Commandery (China)">commanderies</a> (prefecture), under the title of "Prince of Tang".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_8"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_8"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=617&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccans</a> begin a boycott of the Banu Hashim clan, to which <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> belongs. A <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawm_al-Buath" title="Yawm al-Buath">Battle of Bu'ath</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Arabian_tribes_that_interacted_with_Muhammad" title="Arabian tribes that interacted with Muhammad">Arabic tribes</a> win an indecisive battle against the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a>, near the Medinan <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="618">618</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_618" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 618">AD 618</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_618&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_618&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=618&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_7"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=618&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628#Egypt" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine–Sassanian War</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Persian</a> expeditionary force under <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt" title="Diocese of Egypt">Egypt</a>, and occupies the province. After defeating the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> garrisons in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a>, the Persians march across the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a> as far as <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>.</li> <li>The Persians besiege <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>; the defence of the city is led by <a href="/wiki/Nicetas_(cousin_of_Heraclius)" title="Nicetas (cousin of Heraclius)">Nicetas</a> (cousin of emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>). The Byzantine resistance is undermined by a <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> of the harbor; the usual <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">grain</a> supplies are cut off from Egypt to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_4"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=618&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> ends: Rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozu of Tang">Li Yuan</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, and has Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Yángdi</a> murdered. He proclaims himself emperor Gao Zu and establishes the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, one of the most notable <a href="/wiki/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties in Chinese history">dynasties in Chinese history</a>, which will last for almost 300 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yanshi" title="Battle of Yanshi">Battle of Yanshi</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wang_Shichong" title="Wang Shichong">Wang Shichong</a> decisively defeats <a href="/wiki/Li_Mi_(Sui_dynasty)" title="Li Mi (Sui dynasty)">Li Mi</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Sui_to_Tang" title="Transition from Sui to Tang">transition from Sui to Tang</a> civil war.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qianshuiyuan" title="Battle of Qianshuiyuan">Battle of Qianshuiyuan</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> scores a decisive victory over their rival <a href="/wiki/Xue_Rengao" title="Xue Rengao">Xue Rengao</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tong_Yabghu_Qaghan" title="Tong Yabghu Qaghan">Tong Yabghu Qaghan</a> becomes the new ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a>, founding the <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a>. He maintains close relations with the Tang dynasty, and possibly marries into the imperial family.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songts%C3%A4n_Gampo" class="mw-redirect" title="Songtsän Gampo">Songtsän Gampo</a> becomes the first emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a>, after his father <a href="/wiki/Namri_Songtsen" title="Namri Songtsen">Namri Songtsen</a> is <a href="/wiki/Poison" title="Poison">poisoned</a>. During his reign he expands <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>'s power beyond <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Valley" title="Yarlung Valley">Yarlung Valley</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeongnyu_of_Goguryeo" title="Yeongnyu of Goguryeo">Yeongnyu</a> becomes ruler of the Korean kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-met_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="619">619</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/AD_619" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 619">AD 619</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_619&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AD_619&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Byzantine_Empire_8"> Byzantine Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_602%E2%80%93628#Egypt" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628">Byzantine–Sasanian War</a>: The besieged city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> is captured by the Persians. <a href="/wiki/Nicetas_(cousin_of_Heraclius)" title="Nicetas (cousin of Heraclius)">Nicetas</a>, cousin of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian</a> patriarch, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Merciful" title="John the Merciful">John V</a>, flee to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983169_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983169-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> extends his rule southwards along the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002196_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002196-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Heraclius prepares to leave <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and moves the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> capital to <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>, but is convinced to stay by <a href="/wiki/Sergius_I_of_Constantinople" title="Sergius I of Constantinople">Sergius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">patriarch of Constantinople</a>. He begins to rebuild the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_army" title="Byzantine army">Byzantine army</a> with the aid of funds from church treasures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> attack the outskirts of Constantinople. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> tribes rebel against Avar overlordship; they carve out their own sovereign territory in <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Asia_5"> Asia</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Meccan boycott of the Hashemites and Muhammad ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tang_campaigns_against_the_Western_Turks" title="Tang campaigns against the Western Turks">Tang campaigns against the Western Turks</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a> is assassinated in a Chinese palace by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks#Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Göktürks">Eastern Turkic</a> rivals, with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Tang" title="Emperor Gaozu of Tang">Emperor Gaozu of Tang</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_9"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Arts_and_sciences_2"> Arts and sciences</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Arts and sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The calculation of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a> begins to use true motions of the sun and moon, modeled using two offset opposing <a href="/wiki/Parabola" title="Parabola">parabolas</a>.</li> <li>Construction begins on the earliest known <a href="/wiki/Tide_mill" title="Tide mill">tide mill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nendrum_Monastery_mill" title="Nendrum Monastery mill">Nendrum Monastery mill</a> in the north of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Chinese begin using large <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestras</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Religion_9"> Religion</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=619&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_V" title="Pope Boniface V">Pope Boniface V</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a> as the 69th pope of Rome.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s wife, <a href="/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija</a>, dies after 24 years of marriage in the <a href="/wiki/Year_of_Sorrow" title="Year of Sorrow">Year of Sorrow</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrat" title="Kubrat">Kubrat</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptised</a> in Constantinople.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_people">Significant people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Significant people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=610s&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>, <a href="/wiki/611" title="611">611</a>, <a href="/wiki/612" title="612">612</a>, <a href="/wiki/613" title="613">613</a>, <a href="/wiki/614" title="614">614</a>, <a href="/wiki/615" title="615">615</a>, <a href="/wiki/616" title="616">616</a>, <a href="/wiki/617" title="617">617</a>, <a href="/wiki/618" title="618">618</a>, and <a href="/wiki/619" title="619">619</a></div> <p><b>610</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anania_Shirakatsi" title="Anania Shirakatsi">Anania Shirakatsi</a>, Armenian <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/685" title="685">685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbatus_of_Benevento" title="Barbatus of Benevento">Barbatus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Benevento" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Benevento">Benevento</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egica" title="Egica">Ergica</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald, King of the Lombards</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ji" title="Lai Ji">Lai Ji</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/662" title="662">662</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanthild" title="Nanthild">Nanthild</a>, Frankish queen (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safiyya_bint_Huyayy" title="Safiyya bint Huyayy">Safiyya bint Huyayy</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>611</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eudoxia_Epiphania" title="Eudoxia Epiphania">Eudoxia Epiphania</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a>, Pope of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/683" title="683">683</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>612</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Byzantine_emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)">Constantine III</a>, Byzantine emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/641" title="641">641</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanus_of_Granfelden" title="Germanus of Granfelden">Germanus of Granfelden</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg/250px-Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg/330px-Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg/500px-Cop%C3%A1n_Stela_P.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Stela of <a href="/wiki/K%27ak%27_Chan_Yopaat" class="mw-redirect" title="K'ak' Chan Yopaat">K'ak' Chan Yopaat</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>613</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woncheuk" title="Woncheuk">Woncheuk</a>, Korean <a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk (d. <a href="/wiki/696" title="696">696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/678" title="678">678</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>614</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eanswith" title="Eanswith">Eanswith</a>, Anglo-Saxon princess (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Kamatari" title="Fujiwara no Kamatari">Fujiwara no Kamatari</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara clan</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. <a href="/wiki/669" title="669">669</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_of_Whitby" title="Hilda of Whitby">Hilda of Whitby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yifu" title="Li Yifu">Li Yifu</a>, chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/AD_666" title="AD 666">666</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rictrude" title="Rictrude">Rictrude</a>, Frankish abbess (approximate date)</li> <li>General <a href="/wiki/Xue_Rengui" title="Xue Rengui">Xue Rengui</a> of the Tang dynasty (d. <a href="/wiki/683" title="683">683</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>615</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86bbe_of_Coldingham" title="Æbbe of Coldingham">Æbbe</a>, Anglo-Saxon princess and <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begga" title="Begga">Begga</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">abbess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/693" title="693">693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertin" title="Bertin">Bertin</a>, Frankish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo_Yung" title="Buyeo Yung">Buyeo Yung</a>, prince of <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (or <a href="/wiki/605" title="605">605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegar" title="Leodegar">Leodegar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Autun" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Autun">bishop of Autun</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jingxuan" title="Li Jingxuan">Li Jingxuan</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>616</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_28" title="September 28">September 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Javanshir" class="mw-redirect" title="Javanshir">Javanshir</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/680" title="680">680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of the Palace">Mayor of the Palace</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/657" title="657">657</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>617</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songts%C3%A4n_Gampo" class="mw-redirect" title="Songtsän Gampo">Songtsän Gampo</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibetan Empire</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/649" title="649">649</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonhyo" title="Wonhyo">Wonhyo</a>, Korean <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/686" title="686">686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_K%E2%80%99awiil_Ajaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady K’awiil Ajaw">Lady K’awiil Ajaw</a>, queen regnant of the Maya city State of Cobá (d. <a href="/wiki/682" title="682">682</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>618</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tai" title="Li Tai">Li Tai</a>, prince of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/652" title="652">652</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>619</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd Allah ibn Abbas">Abd Allah ibn Abbas</a>, cousin of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/687" title="687">687</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disibod" title="Disibod">Disibod</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> and hermit (d. <a href="/wiki/700" title="700">700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Chengqian" title="Li Chengqian">Li Chengqian</a>, prince of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/645" title="645">645</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ke" title="Li Ke">Li Ke</a>, prince of the Tang dynasty (approximate date)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>, <a href="/wiki/611" title="611">611</a>, <a href="/wiki/612" title="612">612</a>, <a href="/wiki/613" title="613">613</a>, <a href="/wiki/614" title="614">614</a>, <a href="/wiki/615" title="615">615</a>, <a href="/wiki/616" title="616">616</a>, <a href="/wiki/617" title="617">617</a>, <a href="/wiki/618" title="618">618</a>, and <a href="/wiki/619" title="619">619</a></div> <p><b>610</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a>, Byzantine emperor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisulf_II_of_Friuli" title="Gisulf II of Friuli">Gisulf II</a>, Lombard duke of <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_the_Elder" title="Heraclius the Elder">Heraclius the Elder</a>, Byzantine general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassilo_I_of_Bavaria" title="Tassilo I of Bavaria">Tassilo I, King of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/560" title="560">560</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waraka_ibn_Nawfal" class="mw-redirect" title="Waraka ibn Nawfal">Waraka ibn Nawfal</a>, the paternal first cousin of Khadija, the first wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witteric" title="Witteric">Witteric</a>, king of the Visigoths</li></ul> <p><b>611</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnoald" title="Arnoald">Arnoald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Bishop of Metz</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolwulf_of_Wessex" title="Ceolwulf of Wessex">Ceolwulf</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comentiolus_(brother_of_Phocas)" title="Comentiolus (brother of Phocas)">Comentiolus</a>, Byzantine general (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romilda_of_Friuli" title="Romilda of Friuli">Romilda of Friuli</a>, regent duchess of Friuli (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>612</b> </p> <ul><li>c. February–March – <a href="/wiki/Gundemar" title="Gundemar">Gundemar</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Janaab%27_Pakal" class="mw-redirect" title="Janaab' Pakal">Janaab' Pakal</a>, king of Palenque</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fabia_Eudokia" title="Fabia Eudokia">Fabia Eudokia</a>, Byzantine empress consort</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_Uaridnach" title="Áed Uaridnach">Áed Uaridnach</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajen_Yohl_Mat" title="Ajen Yohl Mat">Ajen Yohl Mat</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Palenque" title="Palenque">Palenque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conall_Laeg_Breg" title="Conall Laeg Breg">Conall Laeg Breg</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Brega" title="Kings of Brega">Brega</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudebert_II" title="Theudebert II">Theudebert II</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/586" title="586">586</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>613</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – Saint <a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Sykeon" title="Theodore of Sykeon">Theodore of Sykeon</a>, Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> (England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunhilda_of_Austrasia" title="Brunhilda of Austrasia">Brunhilda</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/Austrasia" title="Austrasia">Austrasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscus_(magister_militum)" title="Priscus (magister militum)">Priscus</a>, Byzantine general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigebert_II" title="Sigebert II">Sigebert II</a>, king of Austrasia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuderic_II" title="Theuderic II">Theuderic II</a>, king of Austrasia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncelen" title="Uncelen">Uncelen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Swabia" title="Duke of Swabia">Duke of Alemannia</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xuangan" title="Yang Xuangan">Yang Xuangan</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a></li></ul> <p><b>614</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mungo" title="Saint Mungo">Mungo</a>, Brythonic <a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">apostle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus_(comes_excubitorum)" title="Philippicus (comes excubitorum)">Philippicus</a>, Byzantine general (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Sado" title="Queen Sado">Queen Sado</a></li></ul> <p><b>615</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Pope Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Columbanus" title="Columbanus">Columbanus</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionary</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/543" title="543">543</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatzon" title="Chatzon">Chatzon</a>, chieftain of the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Lemigius" class="mw-redirect" title="John I Lemigius">John I Lemigius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">exarch of Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Conza" title="John of Conza">John of Conza</a>, Italian rebel leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Coba_mac_%C3%81edo" title="Máel Coba mac Áedo">Máel Coba mac Áedo</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pybba_of_Mercia" title="Pybba of Mercia">Pybba</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a> (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>616</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht</a>, king (<i><a href="/wiki/Bretwalda" title="Bretwalda">bretwalda</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kent" title="Kingdom of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Anastasius of Alexandria">Anastasius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundoald,_Duke_of_Asti" title="Gundoald, Duke of Asti">Gundoald</a>, Bavarian nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Merciful" title="John the Merciful">John the Merciful</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Liu_(Chen_dynasty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Liu (Chen dynasty)">Liu Jingyan</a>, empress of the <a href="/wiki/Chen_dynasty" title="Chen dynasty">Chen dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/534" title="534">534</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nechtan_nepos_Uerb" title="Nechtan nepos Uerb">Nechtan II</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6bert_of_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sæbert of Essex">Sæbert</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex" title="Kingdom of Essex">Essex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secundus_of_Non" class="mw-redirect" title="Secundus of Non">Secundus of Non</a>, Lombard <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selyf_ap_Cynan" title="Selyf ap Cynan">Selyf ap Cynan</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeon_Taejo" title="Yeon Taejo">Yeon Taejo</a>, prime minister of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Yuan_Humo" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Yuan Humo">Yuan Humo</a>, empress of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Shu" title="Yuwen Shu">Yuwen Shu</a>, general of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a></li></ul> <p><b>617</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Donn%C3%A1n_of_Eigg" title="Donnán of Eigg">Donnán of Eigg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> priest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakko_of_Friuli" title="Kakko of Friuli">Kakko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dukes_and_margraves_of_Friuli" title="Dukes and margraves of Friuli">duke of Friuli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6ward_of_Essex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sæward of Essex">Sæward</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexred">Sexred</a>, king of Essex (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasso_of_Friuli" title="Tasso of Friuli">Tasso</a>, duke of Friuli (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelin_of_Trier" title="Wendelin of Trier">Wendelin of Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yichen_(Sui_dynasty)" title="Yang Yichen (Sui dynasty)">Yang Yichen</a>, general of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhai_Rang" title="Zhai Rang">Zhai Rang</a>, rebel leader during the Sui dynasty</li></ul> <p><b>618</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang of Sui</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/569" title="569">569</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Xue_Ju" title="Xue Ju">Xue Ju</a>, emperor of Qin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Pope Adeodatus I</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Xue_Rengao" title="Xue Rengao">Xue Rengao</a>, emperor of Qin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dou_Wei_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Dou Wei (Tang dynasty)">Dou Wei</a>, chancellor of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADngen_mac_%C3%81edo_Duib" title="Fíngen mac Áedo Duib">Fíngen mac Áedo Duib</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_of_Glendalough" title="Kevin of Glendalough">Kevin of Glendalough</a>, Irish <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/498" title="498">498</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namri_Songtsen" title="Namri Songtsen">Namri Songtsen</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Empire" title="Tibetan Empire">Tibet</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheguy" title="Sheguy">Sheguy</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Gao" title="Yang Gao">Yang Gao</a>, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/607" title="607">607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Hao_(Sui_dynasty)" title="Yang Hao (Sui dynasty)">Yang Hao</a>, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/586" title="586">586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jian_(Sui_prince)" title="Yang Jian (Sui prince)">Yang Jian</a>, prince of the Sui dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/585" title="585">585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Xiu_(Sui_dynasty)" title="Yang Xiu (Sui dynasty)">Yang Xiu</a>, prince of the Sui dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeongyang_of_Goguryeo" title="Yeongyang of Goguryeo">Yeongyang</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-met_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Shiji" title="Yu Shiji">Yu Shiji</a>, official of the <a href="/wiki/Chen_dynasty" title="Chen dynasty">Chen</a>- and Sui dynasty</li></ul> <p><b>619</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence of Canterbury">Laurence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yang_You" title="Yang You">Yang You</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/605" title="605">605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib</a>, uncle of Muhammad (b. <a href="/wiki/549" title="549">549</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulji_Mundeok" title="Eulji Mundeok">Eulji Mundeok</a>, military leader of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Korea</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshana_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshana Khan">Heshana Khan</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moschus" title="John Moschus">John Moschus</a>, Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetical writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Merciful" title="John the Merciful">John the Merciful</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadija_bint_Khuwaylid" title="Khadija bint Khuwaylid">Khadija bint Khuwaylid</a>, wife of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Gui_(warlord)" title="Li Gui (warlord)">Li Gui</a>, emperor of the short-lived state Liang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Mi_(Sui_dynasty)" title="Li Mi (Sui dynasty)">Li Mi</a>, rebel leader during the Sui dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/582" title="582">582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wenjing" title="Liu Wenjing">Liu Wenjing</a>, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. <a href="/wiki/568" title="568">568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Tong" title="Yang Tong">Yang Tong</a>, emperor of the Sui dynasty (b. 605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen_Huaji" title="Yuwen Huaji">Yuwen Huaji</a>, general of the Sui dynasty</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hodgkin, Thomas. <i>Italy and Her Invaders</i> (vol. 5), p. 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donini, Guido and Ford, Gordon B., Jr., translators (1966). <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_regibus_Gothorum,_Vandalorum_et_Suevorum" title="Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum">Isidore of Seville's History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals, and Suevi</a></i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Chapter 58, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Essential Histories: The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750</i> (2009), David Nicolle, p. 22. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-273-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-273-8">978-1-84603-273-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooks "Mellitus (d. 624)". <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds, Columba (1908) "St. Columbanus". <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i> 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 15 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWang2005" class="citation book cs1">Wang, Eugene Yuejin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8X2bNasjuW4C&pg=PA321"><i>Shaping the Lotus Sutra: Buddhist Visual Culture in Medieval China</i></a>. University of Washington Press. p. 321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98462-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-98462-9"><bdi>978-0-295-98462-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shaping+the+Lotus+Sutra%3A+Buddhist+Visual+Culture+in+Medieval+China&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-295-98462-9&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Eugene+Yuejin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8X2bNasjuW4C%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Collins, "Visigothic Spain 409–711", (Blackwell Publishing, 2004), p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525174524/http://rki.kbs.co.kr/english/korea/korea_history_con22.htm">"KBS World"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rki.kbs.co.kr/english/korea/korea_history_con22.htm">the original</a> on May 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KBS+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frki.kbs.co.kr%2Fenglish%2Fkorea%2Fkorea_history_con22.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228103748/http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1613.html">"Association for Asia Research- The forgotten glory of Koguryo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1613.html">the original</a> on February 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Association+for+Asia+Research-+The+forgotten+glory+of+Koguryo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianresearch.org%2Farticles%2F1613.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaegi" title="Walter Kaegi">Walter Emil Kaegi</a> (2003), <i>Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium</i>, Cambridge University Press, p. 75. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81459-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81459-6">0-521-81459-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoss1975-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoss1975_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoss1975">Foss 1975</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i> (E) records this battle under the year 605, but this is considered incorrect; see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Swanton" title="Michael Swanton">Michael Swanton</a>'s translation of the <i>ASC</i> (1996, 1998, paperback), page 23, note 2. Between 613/616 is the generally accepted date, as first proposed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Plummer_(historian)" title="Charles Plummer (historian)">Charles Plummer</a>, <i>Venerabilis Beda Opera Historica</i> (1896)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2013" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Peter (2013). <i>The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam</i>. Pen and Sword. pp. <span class="nowrap">41–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781473828650" title="Special:BookSources/9781473828650"><bdi>9781473828650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Three+Gods%3A+Romans%2C+Persians+and+the+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781473828650&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Harding, "Medieval Law and the Foundations of the State", (Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Wise Bauer, "The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade", W.W. Norton & Company, 2010), p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199134-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199134_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199134_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Morris (1995) "The Age of Arthur", p. 307. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-477-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-477-3">1-84212-477-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199141-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199141_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199135-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199135_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond Davis (translator), "The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis)", first edition (Liverpool: University Press, 1989, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genuki-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-genuki_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/FLN/Bangor/">St Dunawd</a>, <a href="/wiki/GENUKI" title="GENUKI">GENUKI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alford Welch, "Muhammad", <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Introduction to the Quran (1895), p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bede, "Ecclesiastical History", Book II, Chapter 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002198_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002">Greatrex & Lieu 2002</a>, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoss1975724-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoss1975724_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoss1975">Foss 1975</a>, p. 724.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199142-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199142_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGolden1992">Golden 1992</a>, p. 135. According to Chinese historical sources, the marriage was never carried out because of interference by the Eastern Göktürk <a href="/wiki/Illig_Qaghan" title="Illig Qaghan">Illig Qaghan</a>, whose territory sat between his territory and Tang territory, and who felt threatened by the proposed marriage. <a href="/wiki/Zizhi_Tongjian" title="Zizhi Tongjian">Zizhi Tongjian</a>, vol. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-met-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-met_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-met_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/koru/hd_koru.htm">"List of Rulers of Korea"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=List+of+Rulers+of+Korea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fkoru%2Fhd_koru.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrye1983169-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrye1983169_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrye1983">Frye 1983</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002196-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002196_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002">Greatrex & Lieu 2002</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcErleanCrothers2007" class="citation book cs1">McErlean, Thomas; Crothers, Norman (2007). <i>Harnessing the Tides: The Early Medieval Tide Mills at Nendrum Monastery, Strangford Lough</i>. Norwich: The Stationery Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-337-08877-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-337-08877-3"><bdi>978-0-337-08877-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harnessing+the+Tides%3A+The+Early+Medieval+Tide+Mills+at+Nendrum+Monastery%2C+Strangford+Lough&rft.place=Norwich&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-337-08877-3&rft.aulast=McErlean&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Crothers%2C+Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard</a>. (1962). "Sovereign and Subject", p. 216–220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Deusdedit">"Saint Deusdedit | pope"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Saint+Deusdedit+%7C+pope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSaint-Deusdedit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBellengerFletcher2005" class="citation book cs1">Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (17 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BbA7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT149"><i>The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury</i></a>. History Press. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-9495-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-9495-1"><bdi>978-0-7524-9495-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mitre+and+the+Crown%3A+A+History+of+the+Archbishops+of+Canterbury&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-9495-1&rft.aulast=Bellenger&rft.aufirst=Dominic+Aidan&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+Stella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBbA7AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=610s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoss1975" class="citation journal cs1">Foss, Clive (October 1975). "The Persians in Asia Minor and the end of antiquity". <i>The English Historical Review</i>. <b>90</b> (357): <span class="nowrap">721–</span>747. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXC.CCCLVII.721">10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLVII.721</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/567292">567292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Persians+in+Asia+Minor+and+the+end+of+antiquity&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=357&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E721-%3C%2Fspan%3E747&rft.date=1975-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXC.CCCLVII.721&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F567292%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrye1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Frye" title="Richard N. Frye">Frye, R. N.</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&q=Cyprus">"The political history of Iran under the Sasanians"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Yarshater" title="Ehsan Yarshater">Yarshater, Ehsan</a>; Fisher, William Bayne; <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Gershevitch" title="Ilya Gershevitch">Gershevitch, Ilya</a> (eds.). <i>The Selucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods</i>. The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 3 part 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20092-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20092-9"><bdi>978-0-521-20092-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+political+history+of+Iran+under+the+Sasanians&rft.btitle=The+Selucid%2C+Parthian+and+Sasanian+Periods&rft.series=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20092-9&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKo_RafMSGLkC%26q%3DCyprus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGolden1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Benjamin_Golden" title="Peter Benjamin Golden">Golden, Peter Benjamin</a> (1992). <i>Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples</i>. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-03274-2"><bdi>978-3-447-03274-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Harrasowitz&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-3-447-03274-2&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Peter+Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002" class="citation book cs1">Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zoZIxpQ8A2IC&pg=PR3"><i>The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 363–630</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46530-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-46530-4"><bdi>978-0-415-46530-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Eastern+Frontier+and+the+Persian+Wars+AD+363%E2%80%93630&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-46530-4&rft.aulast=Greatrex&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Lieu%2C+Samuel+N.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzoZIxpQ8A2IC%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A610s" class="Z3988"></span> Date range in the title as printed, also appears in searches as 363–628.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=610s&oldid=1055409353">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=610s&oldid=1055409353</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:610s" title="Category:610s">610s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from March 2016">Articles to be expanded from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles with empty sections from March 2016">Articles with empty sections from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_empty_sections" title="Category:All articles with empty sections">All articles with empty sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 November 2021, at 18:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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