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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alpine_passes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpine_passes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alpine passes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpine_passes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Caves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Land use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Independent towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lower Austria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-Oostenryk" title="Neder-Oostenryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neder-Oostenryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D9%89" title="النمسا السفلى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النمسا السفلى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_Austria" title="Baixa Austria – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Baixa Austria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxa_Austria" title="Baxa Austria – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Baxa Austria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Teb%C3%A9n" title="Austria Tebén – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Austria Tebén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নিম্ন অস্ট্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিম্ন অস্ট্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Chiu" title="Niederösterreich Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Niederösterreich Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ніжняя Аўстрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ніжняя Аўстрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ніжняя Аўстрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ніжняя Аўстрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Долна Австрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Долна Австрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieda%C3%B6stareich" title="Niedaöstareich – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Niedaöstareich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_Austrija" title="Donja Austrija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donja Austrija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aostria-Izel" title="Aostria-Izel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aostria-Izel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_%C3%80ustria" title="Baixa Àustria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baixa Àustria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD_Rakousy" title="Dolní Rakousy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dolní Rakousy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awstria_Isaf" title="Awstria Isaf – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Awstria Isaf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam-Austria" title="Alam-Austria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alam-Austria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κάτω Αυστρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάτω Αυστρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja_Austria" title="Baja Austria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baja Austria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malsupra_A%C5%ADstrio" title="Malsupra Aŭstrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malsupra Aŭstrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Beherea" title="Austria Beherea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Austria Beherea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="نیدراسترایش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیدراسترایش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basse-Autriche" title="Basse-Autriche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basse-Autriche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-Eastenryk" title="Neder-Eastenryk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Neder-Eastenryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basse_Austrie" title="Basse Austrie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Basse Austrie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ostair_%C3%8Dochtarach" title="An Ostair Íochtarach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ostair Íochtarach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ostair_%C3%8Cochdarach" title="An Ostair Ìochdarach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Ostair Ìochdarach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_Austria" title="Baixa Austria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baixa Austria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EB%8D%94%EC%99%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%ED%9E%88%EC%A3%BC" title="니더외스터라이히주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="니더외스터라이히주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ստորին Ավստրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստորին Ավստրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="लोअर ऑस्ट्रिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोअर ऑस्ट्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_Austrija" title="Donja Austrija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donja Austrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Hilir" title="Austria Hilir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Austria Hilir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infra_Austria" title="Infra Austria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Infra Austria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%C3%A6%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Дæллаг Австри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дæллаг Австри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B0ra-Austurr%C3%ADki" title="Neðra-Austurríki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Neðra-Austurríki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_Austria" title="Bassa Austria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bassa Austria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אוסטריה תחתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטריה תחתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ქვემო ავსტრია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქვემო ავსტრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төменгі Аустрия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төменгі Аустрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Chini" title="Austria Chini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Austria Chini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Bassa" title="Austria Bassa – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Austria Bassa" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Inferior" title="Austria Inferior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Austria Inferior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lejasaustrija" title="Lejasaustrija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lejasaustrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidder%C3%A9istr%C3%A4ich" title="Nidderéisträich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nidderéisträich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDemutin%C4%97_Austrija" title="Žemutinė Austrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemutinė Austrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-Oe%C3%ABsteriek" title="Neder-Oeësteriek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Neder-Oeësteriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_de_Sota" title="Austria de Sota – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Austria de Sota" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%B3-Ausztria" title="Alsó-Ausztria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alsó-Ausztria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Долна Австрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Долна Австрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Awstrija_l-Baxxa" title="L-Awstrija l-Baxxa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="L-Awstrija l-Baxxa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B6" title="नीडरओस्टराईश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नीडरओस्टराईश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="თუდოლენი ავსტრია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თუდოლენი ავსტრია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="نيديراوستيرايخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيديراوستيرايخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Доод Австри – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Доод Австри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-Oostenrijk" title="Neder-Oostenrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neder-Oostenrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%92%E5%B7%9E" title="ニーダーエスターライヒ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニーダーエスターライヒ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassa_%C3%80ustria" title="Bassa Àustria – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bassa Àustria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تھلواں آسٹریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھلواں آسٹریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolna_Austria" title="Dolna Austria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dolna Austria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixa_%C3%81ustria" title="Baixa Áustria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baixa Áustria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_Inferioar%C4%83" title="Austria Inferioară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Austria Inferioară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нижня Австрія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нижня Австрія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нижняя Австрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нижняя Австрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алын Австрия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алын Австрия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0scia_%C3%80ustria" title="Bàscia Àustria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bàscia Àustria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawer_Austrick" title="Lawer Austrick – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lawer Austrick" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria_e_Poshtme" title="Austria e Poshtme – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Austria e Poshtme" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Austria" title="Lower Austria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lower Austria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لوئر آسٽريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوئر آسٽريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%A9_Rak%C3%BAsko" title="Dolné Rakúsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dolné Rakúsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spodnja_Avstrija" title="Spodnja Avstrija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spodnja Avstrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Доња Аустрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Доња Аустрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donja_Austrija" title="Donja Austrija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donja Austrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-It%C3%A4valta" title="Ala-Itävalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ala-Itävalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich" title="Niederösterreich – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Niederösterreich" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐนีเดอร์เอิสเตอร์ไรช์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนีเดอร์เอิสเตอร์ไรช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Австрияи Поён – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Австрияи Поён" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fa%C4%9F%C4%B1_Avusturya" title="Aşağı Avusturya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aşağı Avusturya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Faky_Awstri%C3%BDa" title="Aşaky Awstriýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Aşaky Awstriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нижня Австрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нижня Австрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="زیریں آسٹریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیریں آسٹریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Austria" title="Basa Austria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Basa Austria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_%C3%81o" title="Hạ Áo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hạ Áo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neder-%C3%94ostnryk" title="Neder-Ôostnryk – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Neder-Ôostnryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lower_Austria&params=48_20_N_15_45_E_region:AT-3_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">15°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.333°N 15.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.333; 15.750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Austria</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Austria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lower Austria</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Bavarian-language text"><i lang="bar">Niederösterreich</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Lower Austria"><img alt="Flag of Lower Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg/120px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg/180px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg/240px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lower Austria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lower Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg/60px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg/90px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg/120px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_CoA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="850" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: Niederösterreiche Landeshymne<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="Niederösterreichische_Landeshymne.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Nieder%C3%B6sterreichische_Landeshymne.ogg/Nieder%C3%B6sterreichische_Landeshymne.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Nieder%C3%B6sterreichische_Landeshymne.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Lower Austria"><img alt="Location of Lower Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg/250px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg/375px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg/500px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_in_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Lower_Austria" title="Landtag of Lower Austria">Landtag of Lower Austria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Lower_Austria" title="List of governors of Lower Austria">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Mikl-Leitner" title="Johanna Mikl-Leitner">Johanna Mikl-Leitner</a><sup id="cite_ref-governor_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96VP" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖVP">ÖVP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Governors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Udo_Landbauer" title="Udo Landbauer">Udo Landbauer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">FPÖ</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-governor_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governor-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Schnabl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Schnabl (page does not exist)">Franz Schnabl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">SPÖ</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">18,901.2 km<sup>2</sup> (7,297.8 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(1 January 2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,698,796</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">90/km<sup>2</sup> (230/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€65.035 billion (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€38,400 (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">AT-3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.893<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Austrian states by Human Development Index">8th of 9</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">AT1</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Council of Austria">Votes in Bundesrat</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 (of 62)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noe.gv.at/">noe.gv.at</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lower Austria</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Niederösterreich</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-AT-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/30\/De-at-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich.ogg\/De-at-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-at-Nieder\u00f6sterreich.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/De-at-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich.ogg/De-at-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-at-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich.ogg" title="File:De-at-Niederösterreich.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>, abbreviated <b>LA</b> or <b>NÖ</b>; <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a>: <i lang="bar">Niedaöstareich</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Dolné Rakúsko</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">[ˈdɔlnɛː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈrakuːskɔ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Dolní Rakousy</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ˈdolɲiː<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈrakousɪ]</a></span>) is one of the nine <a href="/wiki/States_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Austria">states of Austria</a>, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are <a href="/wiki/Amstetten,_Lower_Austria" title="Amstetten, Lower Austria">Amstetten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems an der Donau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a>, which has been the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km<sup>2</sup> (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wachau_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wachau_%283%29.JPG/220px-Wachau_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wachau_%283%29.JPG/330px-Wachau_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wachau_%283%29.JPG/440px-Wachau_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5512" data-file-height="3675" /></a><figcaption>Wachau Valley near <a href="/wiki/Spitz,_Austria" title="Spitz, Austria">Spitz, Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With a land area of 19,186 km<sup>2</sup> (7,408 sq mi) situated east of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the river <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns</a>, which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, 414 km (257 mi) long, with the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Bohemian_Region" title="South Bohemian Region">South Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Moravian_Region" title="South Moravian Region">South Moravia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bratislava_Region" title="Bratislava Region">Bratislava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trnava_Region" title="Trnava Region">Trnava Regions</a>). The state has the second-longest external border of all Austrian states. It also borders the other Austrian states of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burgenland" title="Burgenland">Burgenland</a> as well as surrounding <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. </p><p>Lower Austria is divided into four regions, known as <i>Viertel</i> (quarters): </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Weinviertel" title="Weinviertel">Weinviertel</a></i> or Tertiary Lowland (below the <a href="/wiki/Manhartsberg" title="Manhartsberg">Manhartsberg</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waldviertel" title="Waldviertel">Waldviertel</a></i> or Bohemian Plateau (above the Manhartsberg)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mostviertel" title="Mostviertel">Mostviertel</a></i> (above the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Woods" title="Vienna Woods">Vienna Woods</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Industrieviertel" title="Industrieviertel">Industrieviertel</a></i> (below the Vienna Woods).</li></ul> <p>These regions have different geographical structures. Whilst the <i>Mostviertel</i> is dominated by the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Limestone_Alps" title="Limestone Alps">Limestone Alps</a> with mountains up to <span style="border-width:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px;">2,000 <a href="/wiki/Metres_above_the_Adriatic" title="Metres above the Adriatic">m (AA)</a></span> (6,500 ft) high, most of the <i>Waldviertel</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> plateau. The hilly <i>Weinviertel</i> lies to the northeast, descends to the plains of <a href="/wiki/Marchfeld" title="Marchfeld">Marchfeld</a> in the east of the state, and is separated by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Basin" title="Vienna Basin">Vienna Basin</a> to the south, which in turn is separated from the Vienna Woods by a line of thermal springs (the <i>Thermenlinie</i>) running north to south.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains">Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG/220px-Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG/330px-Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG/440px-Puchberg_-_Schneeberg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4387" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Schneeberg_(Lower_Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schneeberg (Lower Austria)">Schneeberg</a>, one of Vienna's three <i><a href="/wiki/Hausberg" title="Hausberg">Hausberge</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schneeberg_(Alps)" title="Schneeberg (Alps)">Schneeberg</a> (Klosterwappen; 2,076 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rax" title="Rax">Rax</a> (Scheibwaldhöhe; 1,943 m; highest summit: Heukuppe; 2,007 m – <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tscher" title="Ötscher">Ötscher</a> (1,893 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrrenstein_(Austria)" title="Dürrenstein (Austria)">Dürrenstein</a> (1,878 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneealpe" title="Schneealpe">Schneealpe</a> (Ameisbühel; 1,828 m; highest summit: Windberg; 1,903 m – <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochkar" title="Hochkar">Hochkar</a> (1,808 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamsstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamsstein (page does not exist)">Gamsstein</a> (1,774 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stumpfmauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stumpfmauer (page does not exist)">Stumpfmauer</a> (1,770 m)</li> <li>Göller (1,766 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochwechsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochwechsel">Hochwechsel</a> (1,743 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gippel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gippel (page does not exist)">Gippel</a> (1,669 m)</li> <li>Großer Sonnleitstein (1,639 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fer_Zellerhut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großer Zellerhut (page does not exist)">Großer Zellerhut</a> (1,639 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemeindealpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemeindealpe (page does not exist)">Gemeindealpe</a> (1,626 m)</li> <li>Scheiblingstein (1,622 m) (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Scheiblingstein" title="Scheiblingstein">Scheiblingstein</a> (2,197 m), which is in <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a>)</li> <li>Drahtekogel (1,565 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonnwendstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonnwendstein (page does not exist)">Sonnwendstein</a> (1,523 m)</li> <li>Obersberg (1,467 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6nigsberg_(G%C3%B6stlingen_Alps)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Königsberg (Göstlingen Alps) (page does not exist)">Königsberg</a> (1,452 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fer_Sulzberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großer Sulzberg (page does not exist)">Großer Sulzberg</a> (1,400 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reisalpe" title="Reisalpe">Reisalpe</a> (1,399 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gahns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gahns (page does not exist)">Gahns</a> (1,380 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirolerkogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tirolerkogel (page does not exist)">Tirolerkogel</a> (1,377 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCrnitzer_H%C3%B6ger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Türnitzer Höger (page does not exist)">Türnitzer Höger</a> (1,372 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterberg_(Lower_Austria)" title="Unterberg (Lower Austria)">Unterberg</a> (1,342 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traisenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traisenberg (page does not exist)">Traisenberg</a> (1,230 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrre_Wand" title="Dürre Wand">Dürre Wand</a> (1,222 m)</li> <li>Hohenstein (1,195 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eisenstein_(mountain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eisenstein (mountain) (page does not exist)">Eisenstein</a> (1,185 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohe_Wand_(mountain)" title="Hohe Wand (mountain)">Hohe Wand</a> (1,132 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gro%C3%9Fer_Peilstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Großer Peilstein (page does not exist)">Großer Peilstein</a> (1,061 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weinsberg_(mountain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weinsberg (mountain) (page does not exist)">Weinsberg</a> (1,041 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocheck_(Lower_Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hocheck (Lower Austria)">Hocheck</a> (1,036 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nebelstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebelstein (page does not exist)">Nebelstein</a> (1,017 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eibl_(Berg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eibl (Berg) (page does not exist)">Eibl</a> (1,007 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohe_Mandling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohe Mandling (page does not exist)">Hohe Mandling</a> (967 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jauerling" class="mw-redirect" title="Jauerling">Jauerling</a> (961 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoher_Lindkogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoher Lindkogel (page does not exist)">Hoher Lindkogel</a> also named Eisernes Tor (834m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anninger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anninger (page does not exist)">Anninger</a> (675 m)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buschberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buschberg (page does not exist)">Buschberg</a> (491 m)</li></ul> <p>Other mountains in Lower Austria may be found at <a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Lower_Austria" title="Category:Mountains of Lower Austria">Category:Mountains of Lower Austria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alpine_passes">Alpine passes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alpine passes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semmering_Pass" title="Semmering Pass">Semmering</a> (985 m)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wechsel_Pass" title="Wechsel Pass">Wechsel</a> (980 m)</li></ul> <p>The state border with Styria runs over both passes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG/220px-Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG/330px-Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG/440px-Ruine_Aggstein_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5775" data-file-height="3850" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of <a href="/wiki/Aggstein_Castle" title="Aggstein Castle">Aggstein Castle</a> above the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wachau" title="Wachau">Wachau valley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG/220px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG/330px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG/440px-Nieder%C3%B6sterreich_Rosenburg_2010_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamp_(river)" title="Kamp (river)">Kamp</a> river below the <a href="/wiki/Rosenburg" title="Rosenburg">Rosenburg</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg/220px-Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg/330px-Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg/440px-Morava_river_between_Austria_and_Slovakia_during_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_River_(Czech_Republic_and_Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="March River (Czech Republic and Austria)">March</a> river with <a href="/wiki/Riparian_forest" title="Riparian forest">riparian forest</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Almost all of Lower Austria is drained by the Danube. The only river that flows into the North Sea (via the <a href="/wiki/Moldau_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldau (river)">Moldau</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Lainsitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lainsitz">Lainsitz</a> in northern <i>Waldviertel</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Erlauf_(river)" title="Erlauf (river)">Erlauf river</a>. </p><p>The most important rivers north of the Danube (on its left bank) are the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ysper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ysper (page does not exist)">Ysper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamp_(river)" title="Kamp (river)">Kamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krems_(Lower_Austria)" title="Krems (Lower Austria)">Krems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lainsitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lainsitz">Lainsitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/March_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (river)">March</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thaya" title="Thaya">Thaya</a>. South of the Danube (on its right bank) are the <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ybbs" title="Ybbs">Ybbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlauf_(river)" title="Erlauf (river)">Erlauf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melk_(river)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melk (river) (page does not exist)">Melk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pielach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pielach (page does not exist)">Pielach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traisen_(river)" title="Traisen (river)">Traisen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwechat_(river)" title="Schwechat (river)">Schwechat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fischa" title="Fischa">Fischa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwarza_(Leitha)" title="Schwarza (Leitha)">Schwarza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triesting" title="Triesting">Triesting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitten_(river)" title="Pitten (river)">Pitten</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leitha" title="Leitha">Leitha</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lakes">Lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottenstein_Reservoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottenstein Reservoir (page does not exist)">Ottenstein Reservoir</a> (4.3 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lunzer_See&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lunzer See (page does not exist)">Lunzer See</a> (0.69 km<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erlaufsee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erlaufsee (page does not exist)">Erlaufsee</a> (0.56 km<sup>2</sup>, of which about half lies in Lower Austria)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erlauf_Reservoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erlauf Reservoir (page does not exist)">Erlauf Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wienerwaldsee" title="Wienerwaldsee">Wienerwaldsee</a> (0.32 km<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caves">Caves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Caves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Austria" title="List of caves in Austria">List of caves in Austria</a></div> <p>Lower Austria is rich in natural <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>; in all 4,082 have been recorded. Most of the caves have formed in limestone and dolomite rocks and are therefore called <a href="/wiki/Solutional_cave" title="Solutional cave">karst caves</a>. Cavities also form in the marble of the Central Alps and the Bohemian Massif. Among the largest caves in Lower Austria are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96tscherh%C3%B6hlensystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ötscherhöhlensystem (page does not exist)">Ötscherhöhlensystem</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96tscher" title="Ötscher">Ötscher</a>): 27,003 m long; union of the <a href="/wiki/Taubenloch" title="Taubenloch">Taubenloch</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geldloch_(%C3%96tscher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geldloch (Ötscher) (page does not exist)">Geldloch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pfannloch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pfannloch (page does not exist)">Pfannloch</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%96tscher" title="Ötscher">Ötscher</a>): 5,287 m long</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lechnerweidh%C3%B6hle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lechnerweidhöhle (page does not exist)">Lechnerweidhöhle</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCrrenstein_(%C3%96sterreich)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dürrenstein (Österreich) (page does not exist)">Dürrenstein</a>): 5,252 m long</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trockenes_Loch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trockenes Loch (page does not exist)">Trockenes Loch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schwarzenbach_an_der_Pielach" title="Schwarzenbach an der Pielach">Schwarzenbach an der Pielach</a>): 4,510 m long</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermannsh%C3%B6hle_(Nieder%C3%B6sterreich)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermannshöhle (Niederösterreich) (page does not exist)">Hermannshöhle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kirchberg_am_Wechsel" title="Kirchberg am Wechsel">Kirchberg am Wechsel</a>): 4,430 m long</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eisensteinh%C3%B6hle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eisensteinhöhle (page does not exist)">Eisensteinhöhle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bad_Fischau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad Fischau">Bad Fischau</a>): 2,341 m long</li></ul> <p>The last two are open as <a href="/wiki/Show_cave" title="Show cave">show caves</a>, along with the Allander stalactite cave, the <a href="/wiki/Unicorn_Cave_(Austria)" title="Unicorn Cave (Austria)">Unicorn Cave</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hochkarschacht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hochkarschacht (page does not exist)">Hochkarschacht</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nixh%C3%B6hle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nixhöhle (page does not exist)">Nixhöhle</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96tschertropfsteinh%C3%B6hle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ötschertropfsteinhöhle (page does not exist)">Ötschertropfsteinhöhle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_use">Land use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG/220px-Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG/330px-Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG/440px-Abstetten_-_Ortsansicht.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5010" data-file-height="2669" /></a><figcaption>Agricultural land in Lower Austria</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable zebra"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <th>Type of land use</th> <th>Area in km<sup>2</sup></th> <th>Percent of<br />total area </th></tr> <tr> <td>Farmland</td> <td align="right">7,000</td> <td align="right">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Woods</td> <td align="right">6,711</td> <td align="right">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grassland</td> <td align="right">1,750</td> <td align="right">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alpine pastures</td> <td align="right">300</td> <td align="right">1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vineyards</td> <td align="right">315</td> <td align="right">1.9 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of Austria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg/220px-Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg/330px-Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg/440px-Stift_Melk_Nordseite_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5971" data-file-height="3981" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melk_Abbey" title="Melk Abbey">Melk Abbey</a> was founded in 1089. Today's <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> abbey was built between 1702 and 1736.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Napoleon.Wagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Napoleon.Wagram.jpg/220px-Napoleon.Wagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Napoleon.Wagram.jpg/330px-Napoleon.Wagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Napoleon.Wagram.jpg/440px-Napoleon.Wagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battle of Wagram</a> in July 1809</figcaption></figure> <p>More than 200 <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic</a> people were killed during the <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Schletz" title="Massacre of Schletz">massacre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear Pottery">Linear Pottery</a> settlement area of Schletz 7000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The history of Lower Austria is very similar to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">history of Austria</a>. Many castles are located in Lower Austria. <a href="/wiki/Klosterneuburg_Abbey" title="Klosterneuburg Abbey">Klosterneuburg Abbey</a>, located here, is one of the oldest abbeys in Austria. Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Lower Austria had the largest number of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> in the country. </p><p>The names <i>Lower Austria</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a></i> are derived from the earlier names <i>Austria below the Enns</i> and <i>Austria above the Enns</i>, references to the <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">river Enns</a>. Going down from its source on the northern edge of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Eastern_Alps" title="Central Eastern Alps">Central Eastern Alps</a>, the river crosses Upper Austria, then on its lower reaches forms the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality below the river <a href="/wiki/Enns_(river)" title="Enns (river)">Enns</a> (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Fürstentum unter der Enns</i></span></i>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Marchfeld" title="Battle on the Marchfeld">Battle on the Marchfeld</a> on 26 August 1278 marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> in Austria and Central Europe. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman wars in Europe</a>, Lower Austria was the target of repeated <a href="/wiki/Crimean%E2%80%93Nogai_slave_raids_in_Eastern_Europe" title="Crimean–Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe">raids by the Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Akinji" title="Akinji"><i>Akinji</i> mounted paramilitary units</a>, with many people taken into <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Slavery in the Ottoman Empire">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lower Austria was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram" title="Battle of Wagram">Battles of Wagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern-Essling" title="Battle of Aspern-Essling">Aspern</a>, fought between invading <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">French</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a> in 1809. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) of the state was 61.0 billion € in 2018, accounting for 15.8% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 32,300 €, or 107% of the EU27 average in the same year. Lower Austria is the state with the second-lowest GDP per capita in Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1869</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,077,232</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,152,767</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,213,471</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,310,506</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,425,238</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1923</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,426,885</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1934</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,446,675</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,455,373</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,400,471</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,374,012</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,420,816</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,427,849</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,473,813</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,545,804</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,614,693</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,698,951</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Censuses<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stein_an_der_Donau,_Lower_Austria,_20210728_1245_0803.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg/220px-Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg/330px-Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg/440px-Stein_an_der_Donau%2C_Lower_Austria%2C_20210728_1245_0803.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="1956" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems</a> (at the end of <a href="/wiki/Wachau" title="Wachau">Wachau valley</a>; <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river in the center</figcaption></figure> <p>Lower Austria is divided into four regions: <i><a href="/wiki/Waldviertel" title="Waldviertel">Waldviertel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mostviertel" title="Mostviertel">Mostviertel</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Industrieviertel" title="Industrieviertel">Industrieviertel</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Weinviertel" title="Weinviertel">Weinviertel</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Wachau" title="Wachau">Wachau</a> valley, situated between <a href="/wiki/Melk" title="Melk">Melk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mostviertel" title="Mostviertel">Mostviertel</a> region, is famous for its landscape, culture, and <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>. </p><p>Administratively, the state is divided into 20 districts (<i><a href="/wiki/Bezirk" title="Bezirk">Bezirke</a></i>), and four independent towns (<i><a href="/wiki/Statutarstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutarstadt">Statutarstädte</a></i>). In total, there are 573 municipalities within Lower Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg/350px-Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg/525px-Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg/700px-Karte_NOE_Viertel_beschriftet_Bezirke.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (<a href="/wiki/Waldviertel" title="Waldviertel">Waldviertel</a> in green, <a href="/wiki/Weinviertel" title="Weinviertel">Weinviertel</a> in red, <a href="/wiki/Mostviertel" title="Mostviertel">Mostviertel</a> in yellow, and <a href="/wiki/Industrieviertel" title="Industrieviertel">Industrieviertel</a> in blue)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_towns">Independent towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Independent towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems an der Donau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waidhofen_an_der_Ybbs" title="Waidhofen an der Ybbs">Waidhofen an der Ybbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt" title="Wiener Neustadt">Wiener Neustadt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstetten_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amstetten (district)">Amstetten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden_(district_of_Austria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baden (district of Austria)">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruck_an_der_Leitha_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruck an der Leitha (district)">Bruck an der Leitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4nserndorf_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gänserndorf (district)">Gänserndorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gm%C3%BCnd_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gmünd (district)">Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollabrunn_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollabrunn (district)">Hollabrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horn (district)">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korneuburg_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korneuburg (district)">Korneuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krems_District" title="Krems District">Krems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilienfeld_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilienfeld (district)">Lilienfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melk_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Melk (district)">Melk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelbach_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelbach (district)">Mistelbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6dling_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mödling (district)">Mödling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neunkirchen_(Austrian_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neunkirchen (Austrian district)">Neunkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._P%C3%B6lten_District" title="St. Pölten District">St. Pölten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheibbs_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheibbs (district)">Scheibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulln_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulln (district)">Tulln an der Donau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waidhofen_an_der_Thaya_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waidhofen an der Thaya (district)">Waidhofen an der Thaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Neustadt_District" title="Wiener Neustadt District">Wiener Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwettl_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwettl (district)">Zwettl</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-governor-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-governor_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-governor_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000144824717/niederoesterreichs-landtag-besiegelt-schwarz-blau-mit-einer-minderheit-fuer-mikl">"Niederösterreichs Landtag besiegelt Schwarz-Blau – mit einer Minderheit für Mikl-Leitner"</a>. 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/Crimean_Tatar_-_complete_report_01.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jamestown+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+Sultan%27s+Raiders%3A+The+Military+Role+of+the+Crimean+Tatars+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E36&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Brian+Glyn+Williams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fuploads%2Fmedia%2FCrimean_Tatar_-_complete_report_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALower+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58">"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"</a>. <i>Eurostat</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=Regional+GDP+per+capita+ranged+from+30%25+to+263%25+of+the+EU+average+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F10474907%2F1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf%2F81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALower+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.at/en/statistics/population-and-society/population/population-stock/historic-censuses">"Historic Censuses - STATISTICS AUSTRIA"</a>. Statistics Austria.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Censuses+-+STATISTICS+AUSTRIA&rft.pub=Statistics+Austria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik.at%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2Fpopulation-and-society%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation-stock%2Fhistoric-censuses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALower+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noe.gv.at/noe/Zahlen-Fakten/NOE_in_Zahlen_2018_Englisch.pdf">"Lower Austria in Numbers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lower+Austria+in+Numbers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.noe.gv.at%2Fnoe%2FZahlen-Fakten%2FNOE_in_Zahlen_2018_Englisch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALower+Austria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lower_Austria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noe.gv.at/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42497#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_Austria" title="Template:States of Austria"><abbr title="View this 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Burgenland_Landesflagge.PNG/38px-Burgenland_Landesflagge.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Burgenland_Landesflagge.PNG/50px-Burgenland_Landesflagge.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Burgenland" title="Burgenland">Burgenland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Carinthia_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Carinthia_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lower_Austria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lower_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lower Austria</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Salzburg_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Salzburg_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_(state)" title="Salzburg (state)">Salzburg</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Styria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Styria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirol_Dienstflagge_(Variation).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png/25px-Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png/38px-Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png/50px-Tirol_Dienstflagge_%28Variation%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="751" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tyrol_(state)" title="Tyrol (state)">Tyrol</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Upper_Austria_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Upper_Austria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vienna_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Vienna_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vorarlberg_(state).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Vorarlberg_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1461" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42497#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147169281">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxhgfwhtH3VMdtK3YP4v3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4075391-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079223">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936270n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11936270n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dolní Rakousko (Rakousko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134134&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007547798705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3daad85f-1712-476d-8c44-7a76969231ca">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027287688">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lower_Austria&params=48_20_N_15_45_E_region:AT-3_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">15°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.333°N 15.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.333; 15.750</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&oldid=1275163189">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lower_Austria&oldid=1275163189</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lower_Austria" title="Category:Lower Austria">Lower Austria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NUTS_2_statistical_regions_of_the_European_Union" 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