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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_boundary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>City boundary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_boundary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Local government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>National politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Retail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Employment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harbour_and_waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harbour_and_waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Harbour and waterways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harbour_and_waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway_and_tramway_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_and_tramway_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.1</span> <span>Railway and tramway heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_and_tramway_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5.2</span> <span>Current routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaelic_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaelic_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Gaelic games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaelic_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Association football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rugby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Rugby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Water sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Other sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Twin cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cork (city)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcaig" title="Corcaig – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Corcaig" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كورك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كورك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kork" title="Kork – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kork" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0)" title="কর্ক (শহর) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্ক (শহর)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Корк (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Корк (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkig" title="Korkig – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Korkig" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Cork (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cork (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corc" title="Corc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Corc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BA" title="Κορκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κορκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF)" title="کورک (ایرلند) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کورک (ایرلند)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(Ierl%C3%A2n)" title="Cork (Ierlân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Cork (Ierlân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcaigh" title="Corcaigh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Corcaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corkee" title="Corkee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcaigh" title="Corcaigh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Corcaigh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA" title="𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%81%AC_(%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C)" title="코크 (도시) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코크 (도시)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AF" title="Կորկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork,_Irlando" title="Cork, Irlando – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cork, Irlando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="קורק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קורק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="კორკი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კორკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcagia" title="Corcagia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Corcagia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korka" title="Korka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korkas" title="Korkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Korkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="कॉर्क – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉर्क" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="კორკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კორკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83" title="كورك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كورك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(stad)" title="Cork (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cork (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(stad)" title="Cork (stad) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Cork (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF_(%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89)" title="コーク (アイルランド) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーク (アイルランド)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcaigh" title="Corcaigh – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Corcaigh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kork" title="Kork – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kork" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BA" title="Κορκ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κορκ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(ceety)" title="Cork (ceety) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cork (ceety)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cork (city)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(mesto_v_%C3%8Drsku)" title="Cork (mesto v Írsku) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cork (mesto v Írsku)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(grad)" title="Cork (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cork (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87)" title="คอร์ก (เมือง) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอร์ก (เมือง)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Корк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1)" title="کورک (شہر) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کورک (شہر)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kork" title="Kork – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kork" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork_(th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91)" title="Cork (thành phố) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cork (thành phố)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcaigh" title="Corcaigh – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Corcaigh" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%EF%BC%89" title="科克（爱尔兰） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科克（爱尔兰）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B" title="科克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuorks" title="Kuorks – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuorks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B_(%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0)" title="科克 (爱尔兰) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科克 (爱尔兰)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork" title="Cork – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Cork" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36647#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cork_(city)&params=51_53_50_N_8_28_12_W_region:IE_type:city(224004)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°53′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°28′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.89722°N 8.47000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.89722; -8.47000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in County Cork, Munster, Ireland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Munster, Ireland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cork</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Corcaigh</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg/268px-Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg/402px-Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg/536px-Cork_City_Hall01_2009-04-30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="1848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork City Hall">Cork City Hall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_English_Market,_Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg/95px-The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg/143px-The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg/190px-The_English_Market%2C_Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div style="height:126px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/169px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/254px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg/338px-University_College_Cork_-_geograph.org.uk_-_41771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div>Quadrangle in <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">UCC</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cork_river_lee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cork_river_lee.jpg/172px-Cork_river_lee.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cork_river_lee.jpg/258px-Cork_river_lee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Cork_river_lee.jpg/344px-Cork_river_lee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (Ireland)">River Lee</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shandon_bells_cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Shandon_bells_cork.jpg/92px-Shandon_bells_cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Shandon_bells_cork.jpg/138px-Shandon_bells_cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Shandon_bells_cork.jpg/184px-Shandon_bells_cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1283" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Anne_(Shandon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Anne (Shandon)">Shandon Steeple</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Cork_arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cork"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/County_Cork_arms.png/77px-County_Cork_arms.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/County_Cork_arms.png/116px-County_Cork_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/County_Cork_arms.png/154px-County_Cork_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="350" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>The Rebel City</i>, <i>Leeside</i>, <i>The Real Capital</i></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Statio Bene Fida Carinis</i><br />"A safe harbour for ships"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corkcity.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Cork"><img alt="Location of Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Corkcity.png/250px-Corkcity.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Corkcity.png/375px-Corkcity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Corkcity.png/500px-Corkcity.png 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ireland_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cork is located in Ireland"><img alt="Cork is located in Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/250px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/375px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Ireland_relief_location_map.png/500px-Ireland_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.154%;left:42.167%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cork"><img alt="Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cork</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Ireland</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Ireland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cork is located in Europe"><img alt="Cork is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.52%;left:10.538%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cork"><img alt="Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cork</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Europe</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cork_(city)&params=51_53_50_N_8_28_12_W_region:IE_type:city(224004)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°53′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°28′12″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.89722°N 8.47000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.89722; -8.47000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data">Ireland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Ireland">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Ireland" title="Southern Region, Ireland">Southern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">6th century <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City rights</th><td class="infobox-data">1185 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">Local authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Council" title="Cork City Council">Cork City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Cork" title="Lord Mayor of Cork">Lord Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Boyle_(politician)" title="Dan Boyle (politician)">Dan Boyle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Local_electoral_area" title="Local electoral area">Local electoral areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Cork City North West</li><li>Cork City North East</li><li>Cork City South Central</li><li>Cork City South East</li><li>Cork City South West</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituencies" title="Dáil constituencies">Dáil constituencies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork North-Central</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork North-West (Dáil constituency)">Cork North-West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_constituencies_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="South (European Parliament constituency)">South</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-expansion2019_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expansion2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">187 km<sup>2</sup> (72 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">174 km<sup>2</sup> (67 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">820 km<sup>2</sup> (320 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">224,004</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,188/km<sup>2</sup> (3,080/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2017)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">305,222<sup id="cite_ref-Cork_2050_Main_Report_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cork_2050_Main_Report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Demonym<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Corkonian or Leesider</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC0">UTC0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_European_Time" title="Western European Time">WET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Eircode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">T12 and T23</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">021</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle registration plates of Ireland">Vehicle index<br />mark code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corkcity.ie/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36647#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_0a18569bf91b67e00e6e6f56a506ffb43c8b45c9"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cork_%28city%29&revid=1275020992&groups=_0a18569bf91b67e00e6e6f56a506ffb43c8b45c9" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cork_%28city%29&revid=1275020992&groups=_0a18569bf91b67e00e6e6f56a506ffb43c8b45c9 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cork</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Corcaigh</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ga-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">[ˈkɔɾˠkəɟ]</a></span>; from <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/corcach" class="extiw" title="wikt:corcach">corcach</a></i></span>, meaning 'marsh')<sup id="cite_ref-libraryireland_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libraryireland-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the second largest city in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a>, the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_on_the_island_of_Ireland_by_population" title="List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population">third largest</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Ireland">island of Ireland</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census</a>, it had a population of 224,004.<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city centre is an island between two channels of the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (Ireland)">River Lee</a> which meet downstream at its eastern end, where the <a href="/wiki/Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quay">quays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">docks</a> along the river lead outwards towards <a href="/wiki/Lough_Mahon" title="Lough Mahon">Lough Mahon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_Harbour" title="Cork Harbour">Cork Harbour</a>, one of the largest natural harbours in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cork was founded in the 6th century as a monastic settlement, and was expanded by <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> invaders around 915. Its charter was granted by <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">Prince John</a> in <a href="/wiki/1185_in_Ireland" title="1185 in Ireland">1185</a>. Cork city was once fully walled, and the remnants of the old medieval town centre can be found around South and North Main streets. The city's <a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a> of "the rebel city" originates in its support for the <a href="/wiki/Yorkist" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkist">Yorkist</a> cause in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corkonians sometimes refer to the city as "the real capital",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reference to its opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Irish_Civil_War" title="Timeline of the Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cork" title="History of Cork">History of Cork</a></div> <p>Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Finbarr" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Finbarr">Saint Finbarr</a> in the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became (more) urbanised some point between 915 and 922 when <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norseman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a>) settlers founded a trading port.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ecclesiastical settlement continued alongside the Viking <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">longphort</i></span>, with the two developing a type of symbiotic relationship; the Norsemen providing otherwise unobtainable trade goods for the monastery, and perhaps also military aid.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png/220px-16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png/330px-16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png/440px-16th_Century_Map_of_Cork_-_Extracted_and_replicated_from_Pacata_Hibernia_page_137.png 2x" data-file-width="2296" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>Map of 16th-century Cork</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg/220px-Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg/330px-Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg/440px-Patrick_Street_Cork2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="2611" /></a><figcaption>Patrick Street <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1890–1900</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's charter was granted by <a href="/wiki/King_John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King John of England">Prince John</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of Ireland">Lord of Ireland</a>, in 1185.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of <a href="/wiki/Old_English_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English (Ireland)">Old English</a> culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> countryside and cut off from the English government in <a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">the Pale</a> around <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. Neighbouring Gaelic and <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-Norman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberno-Norman">Hiberno-Norman</a> lords extorted "Black Rent" from the citizens to keep them from attacking the city. The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Cork_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Barony of Cork City">Barony of Cork City</a>; it now takes in much of the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Barony of Cork">Barony of Cork</a>. Together, these <a href="/wiki/Barony_(Ireland)" title="Barony (Ireland)">baronies</a> are located between the <a href="/wiki/Barony_of_Barrymore" class="mw-redirect" title="Barony of Barrymore">Barony of Barrymore</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Muskerry_East" title="Muskerry East">Muskerry East</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Kerrycurrihy" title="Kerrycurrihy">Kerrycurrihy</a> to the south. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Burning_of_Cork_(9713428703).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/220px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/330px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg/440px-The_Burning_of_Cork_%289713428703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>Workers clearing rubble on St Patrick's street following the <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's municipal government was dominated by about 12–15 merchant families, whose wealth came from overseas trade with continental Europe – in particular the export of wool and hides and the import of salt, iron and wine. </p><p>The medieval population of Cork was about 2,100 people. It suffered a severe blow in 1349 when almost half the townspeople died of plague when the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> arrived in the town. In 1491, Cork played a part in the English <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> when <a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a>, a pretender to the English throne, landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII of England</a>. The then-mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. </p><p>The title of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Cork" title="Lord Mayor of Cork">Mayor of Cork</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> in 1318, and the title was changed to <i>Lord Mayor</i> in 1900 following the knighthood of the incumbent mayor by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> on her visit to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the nineteenth century, Cork had been a strongly <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish nationalist">Irish nationalist</a> city, with widespread support for <a href="/wiki/Third_Home_Rule_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Home Rule Act">Irish Home Rule</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a>, but from 1910 stood firmly behind <a href="/wiki/William_O%27Brien" title="William O'Brien">William O'Brien</a>'s dissident <a href="/wiki/All-for-Ireland_League" title="All-for-Ireland League">All-for-Ireland Party</a>. O'Brien published a third local newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Cork_Free_Press" title="Cork Free Press">Cork Free Press</a></i>. Cork was overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> as Ireland's second-largest city in the nineteenth century. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a>, the centre of Cork was burnt down by the British <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-burning_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burning-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in an event known as the "<a href="/wiki/The_Burning_of_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-burning_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burning-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and saw fierce fighting between Irish guerrillas and UK forces. During the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a>, Cork was for a time held by anti-<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Treaty</a> forces, until it was retaken by the pro-Treaty <a href="/wiki/National_Army_(Ireland)" title="National Army (Ireland)">National Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State_offensive#Fall_of_Cork_and_landing_in_the_west" title="Irish Free State offensive">an attack from the sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_boundary">City boundary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: City boundary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2019_Cork_boundary_change" title="2019 Cork boundary change">2019 Cork boundary change</a></div> <p>The boundary was expanded in 1840, in 1955 and in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, cabinet approval was given for a further extension of the Cork City boundary, to include <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_County_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas, County Cork">Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballincollig" title="Ballincollig">Ballincollig</a> and other surrounding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boundary1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boundary1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legislation to expand the boundary of the city, which would increase its area to 187 km<sup>2</sup> (72 sq mi) and the population within its bounds from 125,000 to 210,000,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was debated and approved in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> in June 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-boundslaw_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boundslaw-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Corresponding legislation was drafted during July 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-boundary1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boundary1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and enacted as part of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2019" title="Local Government Act 2019">Local Government Act 2019</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rtebounds_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rtebounds-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boundary change occurred on 31 May 2019, following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Irish_local_elections" title="2019 Irish local elections">2019 local elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-expansion2019_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expansion2019-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The climate of Cork, like the majority of Ireland, is mild <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> (<i>Cfb</i> in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>) and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Cork lies in plant <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">Hardiness zone</a> 9b. <a href="/wiki/Met_%C3%89ireann" title="Met Éireann">Met Éireann</a> maintains a climatological <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-met2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a few kilometres south of the city centre. The airport is at an altitude of 153 metres (502 ft) and temperatures can often differ by a few degrees between the airport and the rest of the city. There are also smaller synoptic weather stations at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">UCC</a> and Clover Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-met2003_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to its position on the coast, Cork city is subject to occasional flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,239.2 millimetres (48.79 in) of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> annually, most of which is rain.<sup id="cite_ref-met30_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met30-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport records an average of 6.5 days of hail and 9.5 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the year. The low altitude of the city, and moderating influences of the harbour, mean that lying snow very rarely occurs in the city itself. At Cork airport, there are on average 218 "rainy" days a year (over 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) of rainfall), of which there are 80 days with "heavy rain" (over 5 millimetres (0.2 in)).<sup id="cite_ref-met30_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met30-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cork is also a generally foggy city, with an average of 97.8 days of fog a year, most common during mornings and winter. Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 4.04 hours of sunshine every day and only having 63.7 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter.<sup id="cite_ref-met30_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met30-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">ORK</a>) <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather station</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a> code: <a href="/wiki/EICK" class="mw-redirect" title="EICK">EICK</a>, <a href="/wiki/WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a> identifier: 03955), 153m <a href="/wiki/Amsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsl">amsl</a>, 1991−2020 normals </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #3BFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.3<br />(5.17) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.2<br />(3.83) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5<br />(3.60) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8<br />(3.18) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.3<br />(3.28) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.2<br />(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.6<br />(3.72) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.0<br />(3.62) </td> <td style="background: #3BFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.2<br />(5.17) </td> <td style="background: #3BFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.0<br />(5.00) </td> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.6<br />(5.38) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,239.2<br />(48.79) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.7 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #4444FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.1 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">161.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 15:00 UTC)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #969696; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.9 </td> <td style="background: #B3B371; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.5 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.2 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.1 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.1 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.9 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.0 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.7 </td> <td style="background: #8F8F8F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #676767; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,475.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Met Éireann<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-absmax_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-absmax-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-absmin_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-absmin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>(dew point),<sup id="cite_ref-NCEI_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCEI-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WeatherAtlas (Daylight hours and UV Index)<sup id="cite_ref-Weather-Atlas_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather-Atlas-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glucksman2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glucksman2.jpg/150px-Glucksman2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glucksman2.jpg/225px-Glucksman2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Glucksman2.jpg/300px-Glucksman2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Glucksman_Gallery" title="Lewis Glucksman Gallery">Lewis Glucksman Gallery</a> at UCC</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg/150px-Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg/225px-Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg/300px-Crawford_Art_Gallery_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Art_Gallery" title="Crawford Art Gallery">Crawford Art Gallery</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cork_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork School of Music">Cork School of Music</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crawford_College_of_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford College of Art and Design">Crawford College of Art and Design</a> provide a throughput of new blood, as do the theatre components of several courses at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a> (UCC). Important elements in the cultural life of the city include: <a href="/wiki/Corcadorca_Theatre_Company" title="Corcadorca Theatre Company">Corcadorca Theatre Company</a>, of which <a href="/wiki/Cillian_Murphy" title="Cillian Murphy">Cillian Murphy</a> was a troupe member<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prior to Hollywood fame; the Institute for Choreography and Dance, a national contemporary dance resource;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Triskel Arts Centre (capacity c.90), which includes the <a href="/wiki/Triskel_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="Triskel Christchurch">Triskel Christchurch</a> independent cinema; dance venue the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240); the Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA), <a href="/wiki/Montfort_College_of_Performing_Arts" title="Montfort College of Performing Arts">Montfort College of Performing Arts</a>, and Graffiti Theatre Company;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Jazz_Festival" title="Cork Jazz Festival">Cork Jazz Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork Film Festival">Cork Film Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Marquee_(festival)" title="Live at the Marquee (festival)">Live at the Marquee</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Everyman_Palace_Theatre" title="Everyman Palace Theatre">Everyman Palace Theatre</a> (capacity c.650) and the Granary Theatre (capacity c.150) both host plays throughout the year. </p><p>Cork is home to the <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Vanbrugh_Quartet" class="mw-redirect" title="RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet">RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet</a>, and popular rock musicians and bands including <a href="/wiki/John_Spillane" title="John Spillane">John Spillane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rory_Gallagher" title="Rory Gallagher">Rory Gallagher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Five_Go_Down_to_the_Sea%3F" title="Five Go Down to the Sea?">Five Go Down to the Sea?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microdisney" title="Microdisney">Microdisney</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Frank_and_Walters" title="The Frank and Walters">The Frank and Walters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sultans_of_Ping" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultans of Ping">Sultans of Ping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simple_Kid" title="Simple Kid">Simple Kid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_(band)" title="Fred (band)">Fred</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mick_Flannery" title="Mick Flannery">Mick Flannery</a>. The opera singers <a href="/wiki/Cara_O%27Sullivan" title="Cara O'Sullivan">Cara O'Sullivan</a>, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy are also Cork born. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:293px;max-width:293px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg/97px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg/146px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg/194px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Roy_Keane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3912" data-file-height="5217" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg/97px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg/146px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg/194px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Lucha_Libre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="3852" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:129px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg/86px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg/129px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg/172px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Willkommen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg/90px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg/135px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg/180px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Zapraszamy_do_Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="3655" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg/101px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg/152px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Swiss_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2874" data-file-height="3829" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-People%27s_Republic_of_Cork_Street_Art_-_Boston_Red_Sox_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3349" data-file-height="5019" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Street Art in the city celebrating the so called "People's Republic of Cork".</div></div></div></div> <p>Ranging in capacity from 50 to 1,000, the main music venues in the city are the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Opera_House" title="Cork Opera House">Cork Opera House</a> (capacity c.1000), The Everyman, Cork Arts Theatre, Cyprus Avenue, Dali, Triskel Christchurch, The Roundy, and Coughlan's.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's literary community centres on the Munster Literature Centre and the Triskel Arts Centre.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The short story writers <a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Connor" title="Frank O'Connor">Frank O'Connor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_%C3%93_Faol%C3%A1in" title="Seán Ó Faoláin">Seán Ó Faoláin</a> hailed from Cork, and contemporary writers include <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McCarthy_(poet)" title="Thomas McCarthy (poet)">Thomas McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Murphy_(poet)" title="Gerry Murphy (poet)">Gerry Murphy</a>, and novelist and poet <a href="/wiki/William_Wall_(writer)" title="William Wall (writer)">William Wall</a>. </p><p>Additions to the arts infrastructure include modern additions to the <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Municipal_Art_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford Municipal Art Gallery">Crawford Municipal Art Gallery</a> and renovations to the Cork Opera House in the early 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Glucksman_Gallery" title="Lewis Glucksman Gallery">Lewis Glucksman Gallery</a> opened in the Autumn of 2004 at UCC, was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Prize" title="Stirling Prize">Stirling Prize</a> in the United Kingdom, and the building of a new €60 million School of Music was completed in September 2007. </p><p>Cork was the <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> for 2005, and in 2009 was included in the <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>'s top 10 "Best in Travel 2010". The guide described Cork as being "at the top of its game: sophisticated, vibrant and diverse".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a "friendly rivalry" between Cork and Dublin,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to the first and second city rivalry between <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> or <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thetimesUK_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetimesUK-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Corkonians view themselves as different from the rest of Ireland, and refer to themselves as "The Rebels"; the county is known as the "Rebel County". This view sometimes manifests itself in humorous references to the <i>Real Capital</i><sup id="cite_ref-thetimesUK_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetimesUK-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the propagation of t-shirts and street art celebrating the fictional <i>The People's Republic of Cork</i><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/English_Market.jpg/260px-English_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/English_Market.jpg/390px-English_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/English_Market.jpg/520px-English_Market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3804" data-file-height="2020" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city has many local traditions in food, including <a href="/wiki/Crubeens" title="Crubeens">crubeens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripe" title="Tripe">tripe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">drisheen</a>, which were historically served in eating houses like those run by <a href="/wiki/Katty_Barry" title="Katty Barry">Katty Barry</a> in the mid-20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a> sells locally produced foods, including fresh fish, meats, fruit and vegetables, eggs and artisan cheeses and breads. During certain city festivals, food stalls are also sometimes erected on city streets such as <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Street">St. Patrick's Street</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grand_Parade,_Cork" title="Grand Parade, Cork">Grand Parade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2021, the food hall <a href="/wiki/Marina_Market" title="Marina Market">Marina Market</a> was established in the docklands area of the city. A former warehouse, the Marina Market is an indoor, open-air space in which food vendors operate, and also incorporates an events space.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accent">Accent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Accent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a>, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has several dialect words that are peculiar to the city and environs. Like standard <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a>, some of these words originate from the Irish language, but others through other languages Cork's inhabitants encountered at home and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cork accent displays varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English" title="Rhoticity in English">rhoticity</a>, usually indicative of the speaker's local community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RTE_Cork_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RTE_Cork_City.jpg/170px-RTE_Cork_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RTE_Cork_City.jpg/255px-RTE_Cork_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RTE_Cork_City.jpg/340px-RTE_Cork_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2733" data-file-height="4196" /></a><figcaption>RTÉ's Cork studios</figcaption></figure> <p>Broadcasting companies based in Cork include <a href="/wiki/Raidi%C3%B3_Teilif%C3%ADs_%C3%89ireann" class="mw-redirect" title="Raidió Teilifís Éireann">RTÉ Cork</a>, which has a radio, television and production unit on Father Matthew Street in the city centre. <a href="/wiki/Communicorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicorp">Communicorp Media</a> opened a radio studio in 2019 in the city covering content on both Today FM and Newstalk.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city's <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM radio</a> band features <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio_1" title="RTÉ Radio 1">RTÉ Radio 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_2fm" title="RTÉ 2fm">RTÉ 2fm</a>, <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_lyric_fm" title="RTÉ lyric fm">RTÉ lyric fm</a>, <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Raidi%C3%B3_na_Gaeltachta" title="RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta">RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Today_FM" title="Today FM">Today FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Hits_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Hits (Ireland)">Classic Hits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newstalk" title="Newstalk">Newstalk</a> and the religious station <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Radio" title="Spirit Radio">Spirit Radio</a>. There are also local stations such as <a href="/wiki/Cork%27s_96FM" title="Cork's 96FM">Cork's 96FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM (Ireland)">Cork's Red FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/103FM_County_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="103FM County Sound">C103</a>, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Christian radio station Life 93.1FM.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cork also has a temporary licensed citywide community station 'Cork City Community Radio' on 100.5FM, which is on-air on Saturdays, Sundays and Mondays only. Cork has also been home to <a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a> stations, including South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small pirate stations remain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i> (formerly the <i>Cork Examiner</i>). Its ''sister paper'', <i><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_(Cork_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Echo (Cork newspaper)">The Echo</a></i> (formerly the <i>Evening Echo</i>), was for decades connected to the "Echo boys", who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Today, the shouts of the vendors selling <i>The Echo</i> can still be heard in parts of the city centre. One of the biggest free newspapers in the city is the <i><a href="/wiki/Cork_Independent_(newspaper)" title="Cork Independent (newspaper)">Cork Independent</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's university publishes the <i>UCC Express</i> and <i>Motley</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Cork_city" title="List of public art in Cork city">List of public art in Cork city</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Annes_Church,_Shandon,_Cork_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg/170px-St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg/255px-St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg/340px-St._Annes_Church%2C_Shandon%2C_Cork_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>St. Anne's Shandon</figcaption></figure> <p>Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the Medieval to Modern periods.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only notable remnant of the Medieval era is the <a href="/wiki/Red_Abbey,_Cork" title="Red Abbey, Cork">Red Abbey</a>. There are two cathedrals in the city; <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Cathedral, Cork">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Fin_Barre%27s_Cathedral" title="Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral">Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral</a>. St Mary's Cathedral, often referred to as the North Cathedral, is the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> cathedral of the city and was begun in 1808. Its distinctive tower was added in the 1860s. St Fin Barre's Cathedral serves the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>) and is possibly the more famous of the two. It is built on the foundations of an earlier cathedral. Work began in 1862 and ended in 1879 under the direction of architect <a href="/wiki/William_Burges" title="William Burges">William Burges</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Street">St. Patrick's Street</a>, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. At its northern end is a landmark statue of <a href="/wiki/Theobald_Mathew_(temperence_reformer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald Mathew (temperence reformer)">Father Mathew</a>. The reason for its curved shape is that it was originally a channel of the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (Ireland)">River Lee</a> which was built over arches.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The General Post Office, with its limestone façade, is on <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Plunkett_Street" title="Oliver Plunkett Street">Oliver Plunkett Street</a>, on the site of the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Cork" title="Theatre Royal, Cork">Theatre Royal</a> which was built in 1760 and burned down in 1840. The English circus proprietor <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Fanque" title="Pablo Fanque">Pablo Fanque</a> rebuilt an amphitheatre on the spot in 1850, which was subsequently transformed into a theatre and then into the present General Post Office in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Parade,_Cork" title="Grand Parade, Cork">Grand Parade</a> is a tree-lined avenue, home to offices, shops and financial institutions. The old financial centre is the <a href="/wiki/South_Mall,_Cork" title="South Mall, Cork">South Mall</a>, with several banks whose interiors derive from the 19th century, such as the interior of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Irish_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Irish Bank">Allied Irish Bank</a> which was once an exchange. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorkCountyHall2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CorkCountyHall2017.jpg/170px-CorkCountyHall2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CorkCountyHall2017.jpg/255px-CorkCountyHall2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/CorkCountyHall2017.jpg/340px-CorkCountyHall2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2794" data-file-height="4257" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork County Hall">Cork County Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the city's buildings are in the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian style</a>, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as <a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork County Hall">County Hall</a> tower, which was, at one time the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest buildings in Ireland">tallest building in Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until being superseded by another Cork building: <a href="/wiki/The_Elysian" title="The Elysian">The Elysian</a>. Outside the County Hall is the landmark sculpture of two men, known locally as <a href="/wiki/Two_Working_Men" title="Two Working Men">'Cha and Miah'</a>. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland's longest building;<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> times, <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady%27s_Hospital,_Cork" title="Our Lady's Hospital, Cork">Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital</a> has now been partially renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect <a href="/wiki/William_Atkins_(architect)" title="William Atkins (architect)">William Atkins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cork's most famous building is the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Anne_(Shandon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Anne (Shandon)">church tower of St Anne</a> in Shandon, which dominates the Northside of the city. It is widely regarded as the symbol of the city. The North and East sides are faced in red sandstone, and the West and South sides are clad in the predominant stone of the region, white limestone. At the top sits a weather vane in the form of an eleven-foot salmon.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another site in Shandon is <a href="/wiki/Skiddy%27s_Almshouse" title="Skiddy's Almshouse">Skiddy's Almshouse</a>, which was built in the 18th century to provide a home to the poorest of the city. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork City Hall">Cork City Hall</a> replaced the hall destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Black_and_Tans" title="Black and Tans">Black and Tans</a> during the War of Independence in an event known as the "<a href="/wiki/The_Burning_of_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="The Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-burning_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burning-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost of this new building was provided by the UK Government in the 1930s as a gesture of reconciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Courthouse,_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Courthouse%2C_Cork_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cork_Courthouse,_Washington_Street" title="Cork Courthouse, Washington Street">courthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington_Street,_Cork" title="Washington Street, Cork">Washington Street</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Other notable places include <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fort" title="Elizabeth Fort">Elizabeth Fort</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Opera_House" title="Cork Opera House">Cork Opera House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Cork" title="Christ Church, Cork">Christ Church</a> on South Main Street (now the Triskel Arts Centre and the original site of early Hiberno-Norse church), and St Mary's Dominican Church on Popes Quay. Other popular tourist attractions include the grounds of <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, through which the River Lee flows, the <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Gaol" title="Cork City Gaol">Women's Gaol</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sunday%27s_Well" title="Sunday's Well">Sunday's Well</a> (now a heritage centre) and the <a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a>. This covered market traces its origins back to 1610, and the present building dates from 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parks and amenity spaces include <a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald%27s_Park" title="Fitzgerald's Park">Fitzgerald's Park</a> to the west of the city (which contains the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Public_Museum" title="Cork Public Museum">Cork Public Museum</a>), the angling lake known as <a href="/wiki/The_Lough,_Cork" title="The Lough, Cork">The Lough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Lucey_Park" title="Bishop Lucey Park">Bishop Lucey Park</a> (which is centrally located and contains a portion of the old city wall) and the Marina and Atlantic Pond (an avenue and amenity near <a href="/wiki/Blackrock,_Cork" title="Blackrock, Cork">Blackrock</a> used by joggers, runners and rowing clubs).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up until April 2009, there were also two large commercial breweries in the city. The <a href="/wiki/Beamish_and_Crawford" title="Beamish and Crawford">Beamish and Crawford</a> on South Main Street closed in April 2009 and transferred production to the <a href="/wiki/Murphy%27s_Irish_Stout" title="Murphy's Irish Stout">Murphy's</a> brewery in Lady's Well. This brewery also produces <a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a> for the Irish market. There is also the Franciscan Well brewery, which started as an independent brewery in 1998 but has since been acquired by Coors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_government_and_politics">Local government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Local government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch2crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ch2crop.jpg/220px-Ch2crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ch2crop.jpg/330px-Ch2crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ch2crop.jpg/440px-Ch2crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>Cork City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>With a population of over 222,000<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cork is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of urban areas in the Republic of Ireland">second-most populous city in the State</a> and the 16th-most populous local government area.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act_1898" title="Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898">Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898</a>, it was made a county borough, governed by a county borough corporation. This was altered by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a>, under each of the five county boroughs became designated as cities, governed by city councils. <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Council" title="Cork City Council">Cork City Council</a> is a tier-1 entity of local government with the same status in law as a <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>. </p><p>While the local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and several other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral areas. As of the <a href="/wiki/2019_Cork_City_Council_election" title="2019 Cork City Council election">2019 Cork City Council election</a>, the political representation is: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (8 members), <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> (7 members), <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Green Party</a> (4 members), <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> (4 members), <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour</a> (1 member), <a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> (1 member), <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party</a> (1 member), <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independents</a> (5 members).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain councillors are co-opted to represent the city at the <a href="/wiki/South-West_Region,_Ireland" title="South-West Region, Ireland">South-West Regional Authority</a>. A new <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Cork" title="Lord Mayor of Cork">Lord Mayor of Cork</a> is chosen in a vote by the elected members of the council under a <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_system" class="mw-redirect" title="D'Hondt system">D'Hondt system</a> count.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since June 2023, the mayor has been Kieran McCarthy.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork City Hall">Cork City Hall</a> is located along Albert Quay on the south side of the city. It officially opened on 8 September 1936, following the previous building being destroyed in the "<a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a>" in 1920. The administrative offices for <a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Council" title="Cork County Council">Cork County Council</a> are also located within the city limits, on the Carrigrohane Road on the west side of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_politics">National politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For elections to <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a>, the city is part of two <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_constituencies" title="Dáil constituencies">constituencies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cork_North-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork North-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork North-Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_South-Central_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)">Cork South-Central</a> which each returns four <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TDs</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/2020_Irish_general_election" title="2020 Irish general election">2020 general election</a>, these constituencies are represented by three <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> TDs, two TDs <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a> TDs, two <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> TDs and one <a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit%E2%80%93Solidarity" title="People Before Profit–Solidarity">People Before Profit–Solidarity</a> TD. </p><p>Historically, the city was represented in the Dáil by <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City (Dáil constituency)">Cork City</a> from 1977 to 1981, by the two constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_North-West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City North-West (Dáil constituency)">Cork City North-West</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_South-East_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork City South-East (Dáil constituency)">Cork City South-East</a> from 1969 to 1977, and by <a href="/wiki/Cork_Borough_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Cork Borough (Dáil constituency)">Cork Borough</a> from 1921 to 1969. In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a>, it was represented by <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cork City (UK Parliament constituency)">Cork City</a> from 1801 to 1922, and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Irish House of Commons</a>, it was represented by <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(Parliament_of_Ireland_constituency)" title="Cork City (Parliament of Ireland constituency)">Cork City</a> from 1264 to 1800. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cork" title="Economy of Cork">Economy of Cork</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Retail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The retail trade in Cork city includes a mix of modern shopping centres and family-owned local shops. Shopping centres can be found in several of Cork's suburbs, including <a href="/wiki/Blackpool,_Cork" title="Blackpool, Cork">Blackpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballincollig" title="Ballincollig">Ballincollig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_County_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas, County Cork">Douglas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballyvolane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballyvolane">Ballyvolane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilton_Shopping_Centre" title="Wilton Shopping Centre">Wilton</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Mahon_Point_Shopping_Centre" title="Mahon Point Shopping Centre">Mahon Point Shopping Centre</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrick_Street,_Cork,_January_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg/220px-Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg/330px-Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg/440px-Patrick_Street%2C_Cork%2C_January_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Patrick's Street, Cork's main shopping street</figcaption></figure> <p>Other shopping arcades are in the city centre, including the "Cornmarket Centre" on Cornmarket Street, "Merchant's Quay Shopping Centre" on Merchant's Quay, home to <a href="/wiki/Debenhams_Ireland" title="Debenhams Ireland">Debenhams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunnes_Stores" title="Dunnes Stores">Dunnes Stores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a>, and a retail street called Opera Lane off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street. A mixed retail and office development, on the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, with approximately 5,600 square metres (60,000 sq ft) of retail space, was opened in June 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Retail tenants in this development include Facebook, <a href="/wiki/AlienVault" class="mw-redirect" title="AlienVault">AlienVault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cork's main shopping street is <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Street">St. Patrick's Street</a> and is the most expensive in the country per sq. metre after Dublin's <a href="/wiki/Grafton_Street" title="Grafton Street">Grafton Street</a>. The area was impacted by the <a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">post-2008 downturn</a>, though retail growth has increased since, with <a href="/wiki/Primark" title="Primark">Penneys</a> announcing expansion plans in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> redesigning of some facades on the street,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opening of newer outlets, including <a href="/wiki/Superdry" title="Superdry">Superdry</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other shopping areas in the city centre include <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Plunkett_Street" title="Oliver Plunkett Street">Oliver Plunkett St.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Parade,_Cork" title="Grand Parade, Cork">Grand Parade</a>. Cork is home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as <a href="/wiki/Dunnes_Stores" title="Dunnes Stores">Dunnes Stores</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Roches_Stores" title="Roches Stores">Roches Stores</a> being laid in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murphys-Stout,-1919-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Murphys-Stout%2C-1919-.jpg/170px-Murphys-Stout%2C-1919-.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Murphys-Stout%2C-1919-.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Murphys Stout, 1919 advert for the Cork brewery</figcaption></figure> <p>Cork City is a hub of industry in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several pharmaceutical companies have invested heavily in the area, including American companies <a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> and Swiss company <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is <a href="/wiki/Sildenafil" title="Sildenafil">Viagra</a>. Cork is also the European headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> where over 3,000 staff are involved in manufacturing, R&D and customer support.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a> and <a href="/wiki/EMC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="EMC Corporation">EMC Corporation</a> are also important <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> employers in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three hospitals are also among the top ten employers in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-landuse_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landuse-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is also home to the Heineken Brewery that brews <a href="/wiki/Murphy%27s_Irish_Stout" title="Murphy's Irish Stout">Murphy's Irish Stout</a> and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Beamish_and_Crawford" title="Beamish and Crawford">Beamish and Crawford</a> brewery (taken over by Heineken in 2008) which have been in the city for generations. 45% of the world's <a href="/wiki/Tic_Tac" title="Tic Tac">Tic Tac</a> sweets are manufactured at the city's <a href="/wiki/Ferrero_SpA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrero SpA">Ferrero</a> factory.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For many years, Cork was the home to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed in 1984. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>'s grandfather was from <a href="/wiki/West_Cork" title="West Cork">West Cork</a>, which was one of the main reasons for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technology has since replaced the older manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working at several IT companies across the city area – such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a>, the online retailer, which has offices at <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport_Business_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork Airport Business Park">Cork Airport Business Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ida-20070423_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ida-20070423-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cork's deep harbour allows large ships to enter, bringing trade and easy import/export of products. <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a> also allows easy access to continental Europe and <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Cork Kent railway station</a> in the city centre provides good rail links for domestic trade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Employment">Employment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Employment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2011 Cork City Employment & Land Use Survey, the single largest employers in the city (all with over 1,000 employees) include <a href="/wiki/Cork_University_Hospital" title="Cork University Hospital">Cork University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple Inc</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Scientific" title="Boston Scientific">Boston Scientific</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Council" title="Cork City Council">Cork City Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cork_Institute_of_Technology" title="Cork Institute of Technology">Cork Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon_Secours_Hospital,_Cork" title="Bon Secours Hospital, Cork">Bon Secours Hospital, Cork</a>, retailers <a href="/wiki/SuperValu_(Ireland)" title="SuperValu (Ireland)">Supervalu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centra" title="Centra">Centra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Defence Forces">Irish Defence Forces</a> at <a href="/wiki/Collins_Barracks_(Cork)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collins Barracks (Cork)">Collins Barracks</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mercy_University_Hospital" title="Mercy University Hospital">Mercy University Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-landuse_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landuse-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CorkAirport2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CorkAirport2.jpg/220px-CorkAirport2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CorkAirport2.jpg/330px-CorkAirport2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CorkAirport2.jpg/440px-CorkAirport2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a></div> <p>Cork Airport is the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of the busiest airports in the Republic of Ireland">busiest airport in Ireland</a> and is situated on the south side of Cork city close to <a href="/wiki/Ballygarvan,_County_Cork" title="Ballygarvan, County Cork">Ballygarvan</a>. Nine airlines fly to more than 45 destinations in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg/220px-Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg/330px-Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg/440px-Cork_City_bus_station_2017_looking_East_from_Merchants_Quay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The main bus terminal at Parnell Place</figcaption></figure> <p>Public bus services within the city are provided by the national bus operator <a href="/wiki/Bus_%C3%89ireann" title="Bus Éireann">Bus Éireann</a>. City routes are numbered 201 through 226 and connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 2011 city routes were numbered 1 through 19, however the introduction of real-time bus signage required the move to the 2xx namespace.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of these bus routes provide orbital services across the Northern and Southern districts of the city respectively. Buses to the outer suburbs and towns, such as <a href="/wiki/Ballincollig" title="Ballincollig">Ballincollig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glanmire" title="Glanmire">Glanmire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midleton" title="Midleton">Midleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrigaline" title="Carrigaline">Carrigaline</a> are provided from the city's bus terminal at Parnell Place in the city centre. Suburban services also include shuttles to <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">park and ride</a> facility in the south suburbs only. </p><p>The first 24-hour bus in Ireland, route 220, was initiated in Cork in January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-EOR_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOR-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-beo_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beo-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 220 links the two major <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite towns</a> of Ballincollig and Carrigaline with the city centre and operates once an hour between the hours of 01:30 - 05:30.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year after 24-hour service commenced, Bus Éireann announced they had witnessed a 70% growth in passenger numbers on the route, resulting in 1.3 million customer journeys.<sup id="cite_ref-EOR_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EOR-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local politicians have called for the introduction of further 24 hour bus routes in the city owing to the success of the 220.<sup id="cite_ref-beo_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beo-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the initial rollout of the <a href="/wiki/BusConnects" title="BusConnects">BusConnects</a> project in Dublin, as of October 2022 the <a href="/wiki/National_Transport_Authority_(Ireland)" title="National Transport Authority (Ireland)">National Transport Authority</a> (NTA) were in a consultation process for similar changes in Cork.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTA proposed the development of twelve bus corridors linking Cork city centre with several suburbs, with proposed 'bus gates' in several areas and a trebling of active bus lanes in the Cork area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While the NTA said that they were applying lessons learned from the Dublin scheme, some Cork homeowners voiced concerns over proposed bus corridors and the possibility of losing parts of their gardens and on-street parking, the risk of devaluation of their homes, worries about the impact of construction on the structural integrity of their homes, the loss of hundreds of trees along roads, and the impact on trade which may arise from reduced on-street parking.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i> article from October 2022, it was noted that at least one of the draft proposals, to build a road bridge over Ballybrack Woods in <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Cork" title="Douglas, Cork">Douglas</a>, had already been dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2023, the scheme entered a third and final round of public consultation, with several infrastructural projects added to the scheme, including a bus interchange at <a href="/wiki/Cork_University_Hospital" title="Cork University Hospital">Cork University Hospital</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Long-distance buses depart from the bus terminal in Parnell Place to destinations throughout Ireland. Hourly services run to <a href="/wiki/Killarney" title="Killarney">Killarney</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tralee" title="Tralee">Tralee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a> and Shannon Airport/<a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>/<a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> and there are six services daily to Dublin. </p><p>Private operators include Irish Citylink, <a href="/wiki/Aircoach" title="Aircoach">Aircoach</a> and Dublin Coach. Irish Citylink serves Limerick and Galway. Aircoach operates an Express non-stop service which serves Dublin City Centre and <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport" title="Dublin Airport">Dublin Airport</a> 18 times daily in each direction. Dublin Coach serves Dublin via Waterford, Kilkenny and Red Cow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harbour_and_waterways">Harbour and waterways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Harbour and waterways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cork" title="Port of Cork">Port of Cork</a></div> <p>The Cross River Ferry, from <a href="/wiki/Rushbrooke,_County_Cork" title="Rushbrooke, County Cork">Rushbrooke</a> to <a href="/wiki/Passage_West" title="Passage West">Passage West</a>, links the R624 to <a href="/wiki/R610_road_(Ireland)" title="R610 road (Ireland)">R610</a>. This service is used by some commuters to avoid traffic in the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch_Tunnel" title="Jack Lynch Tunnel">Jack Lynch Tunnel</a> and Dunkettle area.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cork" title="Port of Cork">Port of Cork</a> is situated at <a href="/wiki/Ringaskiddy" title="Ringaskiddy">Ringaskiddy</a>, 16 kilometres (10 miles) SE via the <a href="/wiki/N28_road_(Ireland)" title="N28 road (Ireland)">N28</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Ferries" title="Brittany Ferries">Brittany Ferries</a> operates direct <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">car ferry</a> services from Cork to <a href="/wiki/Roscoff" title="Roscoff">Roscoff</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg/310px-St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg/465px-St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg/620px-St.Patrick%27s_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3796" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>St. Patrick's Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>The city's road infrastructure improved in the late 20th and early 21st century, including the early 1980s construction of the Cork South Link <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> which links the Kinsale Road roundabout with the city centre. Shortly after, the first sections of the South Ring dual carriageway were opened. Work continued extending the <a href="/wiki/N25_road_(Ireland)" title="N25 road (Ireland)">N25</a> South Ring Road through the 1990s, culminating in the opening of the Jack Lynch Tunnel under the <a href="/wiki/River_Lee_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="River Lee (Ireland)">River Lee</a>. The Kinsale Road flyover opened in August 2006 to remove a bottleneck for traffic heading to Cork Airport or Killarney. Other projects completed at this time include the <a href="/wiki/N20_road" class="mw-redirect" title="N20 road">N20</a> Blackpool bypass and the N20 Cork to Mallow road projects. The <a href="/wiki/N22_road" class="mw-redirect" title="N22 road">N22</a> Ballincollig dual carriageway bypass, which links to the Western end of the Cork Southern Ring road was opened in September 2004. City centre road improvements include the Patrick Street project – which reconstructed the street with a pedestrian focus. The <a href="/wiki/M8_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M8 motorway (Ireland)">M8 motorway</a> links Cork with <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. </p><p>From 2012, cycle paths and bike stands were added in a number of areas.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, in 2014, a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">public bicycle rental scheme</a> was launched. The scheme is operated by An Rothar Nua on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/National_Transport_Authority_(Ireland)" title="National Transport Authority (Ireland)">National Transport Authority</a>, with funding supplemented by an advertising sponsor.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme supports 330 bikes with 31 stations placed around the city for paid public use.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railway_and_tramway_heritage">Railway and tramway heritage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Railway and tramway heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Heuston" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Heuston">Dublin Heuston</a>. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at <a href="/wiki/Blackpool,_Cork" title="Blackpool, Cork">Blackpool</a>, the route now reaches the city centre <a href="/wiki/Terminal_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminal station">terminus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Kent Station</a> via the Glanmire tunnel and <a href="/wiki/Kilnap_Viaduct" title="Kilnap Viaduct">Kilnap Viaduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-europeana_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-europeana-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of <a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midleton" title="Midleton">Midleton</a> east of the city. This also connected to the seaside town of <a href="/wiki/Youghal" title="Youghal">Youghal</a>, until the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg/220px-Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg/330px-Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg/440px-Railway_station_in_Cork_NLI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1890" /></a><figcaption>Glanmire Road Station (now called Kent Station) c. the 1890s</figcaption></figure> <p>Other rail routes terminating or traversing Cork city were the <i><a href="/wiki/Cork,_Blackrock_and_Passage_Railway" title="Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway">Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway</a></i>, a line to <a href="/wiki/Macroom" title="Macroom">Macroom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cork_and_Muskerry_Light_Railway" title="Cork and Muskerry Light Railway">Cork and Muskerry Light Railway</a> to <a href="/wiki/Blarney" title="Blarney">Blarney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coachford" title="Coachford">Coachford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donoughmore" title="Donoughmore">Donoughmore</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cork,_Bandon_and_South_Coast_Railway" title="Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway">Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway</a> connecting <a href="/wiki/Bantry" title="Bantry">Bantry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skibbereen" title="Skibbereen">Skibbereen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clonakilty" title="Clonakilty">Clonakilty</a> and many other <a href="/wiki/West_Cork" title="West Cork">West Cork</a> towns. West Cork trains terminated at Albert Quay, across the river from Kent Station (though an on-street rail system connected the two for rolling stock and cargo movement). There have been two tram networks in operation Within the city. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American <a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Train" title="George Francis Train">George Francis Train</a> in the 1860s and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1898, the <a href="/wiki/Cork_Electric_Tramways_and_Lighting_Company" title="Cork Electric Tramways and Lighting Company">Cork Electric Tramways and Lighting Company</a> began operating on the Blackpool–Douglas, Summerhill–Sunday's Well and <a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Cork" title="Tivoli, Cork">Tivoli</a>–Blackrock routes. Increased usage of cars and buses in the 1920s led to a reduction in the use of trams, which discontinued operations permanently on 30 September 1931. </p><p>The wider city area, including the city's suburbs, is served by three railway stations. These are <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Cork Kent railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Island_railway_station" title="Little Island railway station">Little Island railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glounthaune_railway_station" title="Glounthaune railway station">Glounthaune railway station</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_routes">Current routes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Current routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cork's <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Kent Station</a> is the main railway station in the city. From here, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Rail">Irish Rail</a> services run to destinations all over Ireland. The main line from Cork to <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Heuston" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Heuston">Dublin</a> has hourly departures on the half-hour from Cork, and is linked from <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick Junction">Limerick Junction</a> with connections to <a href="/wiki/Clonmel_railway_station" title="Clonmel railway station">Clonmel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waterford_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterford railway station">Waterford</a>. InterCity services are also available to <a href="/wiki/Killarney_railway_station" title="Killarney railway station">Killarney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tralee_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tralee railway station">Tralee</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Limerick_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick railway station">Limerick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennis_railway_station" title="Ennis railway station">Ennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athenry_railway_station" title="Athenry railway station">Athenry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galway_railway_station" title="Galway railway station">Galway</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Limerick_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Limerick Junction">Limerick Junction</a> and the Limerick to Galway railway line).<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cork_Suburban_Rail" title="Cork Suburban Rail">Cork Suburban Rail</a> system also departs from <a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Kent Station</a> and provides connections to parts of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cork" title="Metropolitan Cork">Metropolitan Cork</a>. Stations include <a href="/wiki/Little_Island,_Cork" title="Little Island, Cork">Little Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mallow,_County_Cork" title="Mallow, County Cork">Mallow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midleton" title="Midleton">Midleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fota_Island" title="Fota Island">Fota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a>. In July 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Glounthaune_railway_station" title="Glounthaune railway station">Glounthaune</a> to <a href="/wiki/Midleton_railway_station" title="Midleton railway station">Midleton</a> line was reopened, with new stations at <a href="/wiki/Carrigtwohill_railway_station" title="Carrigtwohill railway station">Carrigtwohill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midleton_railway_station" title="Midleton railway station">Midleton</a> (and additional stations proposed for <a href="/wiki/Blarney" title="Blarney">Blarney</a> and elsewhere).<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Little_Island_railway_station" title="Little Island railway station">Little Island railway station</a> serves Cork's Eastern Suburbs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg/260px-County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg/390px-County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg/520px-County_Cork_-_University_College_Cork_-_20180830165110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3220" data-file-height="2416" /></a><figcaption>The Quad at University College Cork</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Cork_(city)" title="Category:Education in Cork (city)">Category:Education in Cork (city)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Secondary_schools_in_County_Cork" title="Category:Secondary schools in County Cork">Category:Secondary schools in County Cork</a></div> <p>Cork is an important educational centre in Ireland – there are over 35,000 third-level students in the city, meaning the city has a higher ratio of students in the population than the national average.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 10% of the population of the Metropolitan area are students in <a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a> (UCC) and Munster Technological University, (MTU), including nearly 3,000 international students from over 100 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cork_City_Council_2015_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cork_City_Council_2015-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UCC is a constituent university of the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland" title="National University of Ireland">National University of Ireland</a> and offers courses in arts, commerce, engineering, law, medicine and science. It has been named "Irish University of the Year" four times since 2003, most recently in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Munster_Technological_University" title="Munster Technological University">Munster Technological University</a> (MTU) - formerly <a href="/wiki/Cork_Institute_of_Technology" title="Cork Institute of Technology">Cork Institute of Technology</a> (CIT) - was named Irish "Institute of Technology of the Year" in 2007, 2010 and 2016 and offers third-level courses in Computing and IT, Business, Humanities and Engineering (Mechanical, Electronic, Electrical, and Chemical). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_College_of_Ireland" title="National Maritime College of Ireland">National Maritime College of Ireland</a> is located in Cork and is the only Irish college in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. MTU incorporates the <a href="/wiki/Cork_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork School of Music">Cork School of Music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crawford_College_of_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford College of Art and Design">Crawford College of Art and Design</a> as constituent schools. The <a href="/wiki/Cork_College_of_Commerce" title="Cork College of Commerce">Cork College of Commerce</a> is the largest '<a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">College of Further Education</a>' in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other 3rd level institutions include <a href="/wiki/Griffith_College_Cork" title="Griffith College Cork">Griffith College Cork</a>, a private institution, and various other colleges. </p><p>Research institutes linked to the third-level colleges in the city support the research and innovation capacity of the city and region. Examples include the Tyndall National Institute (ICT hardware research), IMERC (Marine Energy), Environmental Research Institute, NIMBUS (Network Embedded Systems); and CREATE (Advanced Therapeutic Engineering).<sup id="cite_ref-Cork_City_Council_2015_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cork_City_Council_2015-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UCC and CIT also have start-up company incubation centres. At UCC, the IGNITE Graduate Business Innovation Centre aims to foster and support entrepreneurship.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In CIT, The Rubicon Centre is a business innovation hub that is home to 57 knowledge based start-up companies.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cork_people#Sports" title="List of Cork people">List of Cork people – Sports</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a> and association football are popular sporting pastimes for Corkonians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaelic_games">Gaelic games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Gaelic games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg/220px-Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg/330px-Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg/440px-Cork_stadium_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>Spectators watch <a href="/wiki/Cork_GAA" title="Cork GAA">Cork</a> take on <a href="/wiki/Kerry_GAA" title="Kerry GAA">Kerry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_U%C3%AD_Chaoimh" title="Páirc Uí Chaoimh">Páirc Uí Chaoimh</a> in the city (since redeveloped)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cork_GAA" title="Cork GAA">Cork GAA</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Hurling_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship">All-Ireland Championships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> is also popular, and Cork has won 7 <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Senior Football Championship</a> titles. Cork is the only county that has won both championships at least 7 times and the only one that has won both in the 21st century. There are many <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Athletic_Association" title="Gaelic Athletic Association">Gaelic Athletic Association</a> clubs in Cork City, including <a href="/wiki/Blackrock_GAA" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackrock GAA">Blackrock National Hurling Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_GAA" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Finbarr's GAA">St. Finbarr's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Rovers_GAA" title="Glen Rovers GAA">Glen Rovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Na_Piarsaigh_GAA" title="Na Piarsaigh GAA">Na Piarsaigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemo_Rangers_GAA" title="Nemo Rangers GAA">Nemo Rangers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_GAA" title="Douglas GAA">Douglas GAA</a>. The main public venues are <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_U%C3%AD_Chaoimh" title="Páirc Uí Chaoimh">Páirc Uí Chaoimh</a> and <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1irc_U%C3%AD_Rinn" title="Páirc Uí Rinn">Páirc Uí Rinn</a> (named after the noted Glen Rovers player <a href="/wiki/Christy_Ring" title="Christy Ring">Christy Ring</a>). <a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a> (women’s hurling) and women's Gaelic football are increasing in popularity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_football">Association football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Association football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland_in_Cork_city" title="League of Ireland in Cork city">League of Ireland in Cork city</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_F.C." title="Cork City F.C.">Cork City F.C.</a> are the largest and most successful association football team in Cork, winning three <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" title="League of Ireland">League of Ireland</a> titles, four <a href="/wiki/FAI_Cup" title="FAI Cup">FAI Cup</a> titles, and one <a href="/wiki/Setanta_Sports_Cup" title="Setanta Sports Cup">"All Ireland" Setanta Sports Cup</a> title. They play their home games on the south side of the city in <a href="/wiki/Turners_Cross_(stadium)" title="Turners Cross (stadium)">Turners Cross</a>. Several, now defunct, Cork clubs played in the League of Ireland before 1984. In total, teams from the city have won the league 12 times. Association football is also played by amateur and school clubs across the city, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Five-a-side_football" title="Five-a-side football">"five-a-side"</a> style leagues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby">Rugby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Rugby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is played at various levels, from school to senior league level. There are two first-division clubs in Cork city. <a href="/wiki/Cork_Constitution" title="Cork Constitution">Cork Constitution</a> (five-time All Ireland League Champions) play their home games in <a href="/wiki/Ballintemple,_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballintemple, Cork">Ballintemple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin_R.F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphin R.F.C.">Dolphin R.F.C.</a> play at home in <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park,_Cork" title="Musgrave Park, Cork">Musgrave Park</a>. Other notable rugby clubs in the city include Highfield, Sunday's Well and UCC. At the school level, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Brothers_College,_Cork" title="Christian Brothers College, Cork">Christian Brothers College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presentation_Brothers_College,_Cork" title="Presentation Brothers College, Cork">Presentation Brothers College</a> are two of the country's better-known rugby nurseries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Munster_Rugby" title="Munster Rugby">Munster Rugby</a> plays a number of its home matches in the <a href="/wiki/Pro14" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro14">Pro14</a> at <a href="/wiki/Musgrave_Park,_Cork" title="Musgrave Park, Cork">Musgrave Park</a> in Ballyphehane. In the past <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Cup">Heineken Cup</a> matches have also been played at Musgrave Park, but most of these are now played at <a href="/wiki/Thomond_Park" title="Thomond Park">Thomond Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>. In May 2006 and again in May 2008, Munster became the <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Cup">Heineken Cup</a> champions, with many players hailing from Cork city and county. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_sports">Water sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Water sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">rowing</a> and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional <a href="/wiki/Currach" title="Currach">naomhóga</a> on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City" race has been held annually since 2005 and attracts teams and boats from local and visiting clubs who row the 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Crosshaven into Cork city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Rowing Center was moved to Inniscarra – approximately 12 km outside the city centre – in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Cork_Yacht_Club" title="Royal Cork Yacht Club">Royal Cork Yacht Club</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Crosshaven" title="Crosshaven">Crosshaven</a> (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and "Cork Week" is a notable sailing event.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket">Cricket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cork_City_cricket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cork_City_cricket.jpg/220px-Cork_City_cricket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cork_City_cricket.jpg/330px-Cork_City_cricket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cork_City_cricket.jpg/440px-Cork_City_cricket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3224" data-file-height="1676" /></a><figcaption>Mardyke, the home of <a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Cricket_Club" title="Cork County Cricket Club">Cork County Cricket Club</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The most notable <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> club in Cork is <a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Cricket_Club" title="Cork County Cricket Club">Cork County Cricket Club</a>, which was formed in 1874. Although located within the <a href="/wiki/Munster_Cricket_Union" title="Munster Cricket Union">Munster</a> jurisdiction, the club plays in the <a href="/wiki/Leinster_Senior_League_(cricket)" title="Leinster Senior League (cricket)">Leinster Senior League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The club plays at the <a href="/wiki/Mardyke" title="Mardyke">Mardyke</a>, a ground which has hosted three <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> matches in 1947, 1961 and 1973. All three involved <a href="/wiki/Ireland_cricket_team" title="Ireland cricket team">Ireland</a> playing <a href="/wiki/Scotland_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotland cricket team">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cork Cricket Academy operates within the city, with the stated aim of introducing the sport to schools in the city and county.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cork's other main cricket club, Harlequins Cricket Club, play close to <a href="/wiki/Cork_Airport" title="Cork Airport">Cork Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial representative side, the <a href="/wiki/Munster_Reds" title="Munster Reds">Munster Reds</a>, plays its home matches in the <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> <a href="/wiki/Inter-Provincial_Trophy" title="Inter-Provincial Trophy">Inter-Provincial Trophy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Beamish_Cricket_Grounds" title="Richard Beamish Cricket Grounds">Mardyke Cricket Ground</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Other sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city contains clubs active in national competitions in basketball (<a href="/wiki/Neptune_Cork" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptune Cork">Neptune</a> and <a href="/wiki/UCC_Demons" title="UCC Demons">UCC Demons</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American football (<a href="/wiki/Cork_Admirals" title="Cork Admirals">Cork Admirals</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Inline_hockey" title="Inline hockey">inline hockey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a number of golf,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pitch_and_putt" title="Pitch and putt">pitch and putt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a>, tennis, and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a> clubs in the Cork area. </p><p>The area is the home of <a href="/wiki/Irish_Road_Bowling" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Road Bowling">road bowling</a>, which is played in the north-side and southwest suburbs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are boxing and martial arts clubs (including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, Muay Thai and Taekwondo) within the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Cork Racing, a motorsport team based in Cork,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has raced in the Irish <a href="/wiki/Formula_Ford" title="Formula Ford">Formula Ford</a> Championship since 2005. Cork also hosts one of Ireland's most successful <a href="/wiki/Australian_Rules_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Rules Football">Australian Rules Football</a> teams,<sup id="cite_ref-arfli_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arfli-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Leeside Lions, who have won the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Rules_Football_League_of_Ireland" title="Australian Rules Football League of Ireland">Australian Rules Football League of Ireland</a> Premiership several times.<sup id="cite_ref-arfli_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arfli-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_cities">Twin cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Twin cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland">List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>Cork is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 2017, the city council was also in talks to twin with <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and Miami.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1659</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,826</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1813</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1234.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,658</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+56.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,016</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">80,720</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−24.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,625</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">79,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,642</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,124</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">75,345</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,122</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,673</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,490</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">93,322</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">89,877</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−3.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,009</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,428</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">115,689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">125,283</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">134,430</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+7.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,267</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,344</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">133,271</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">127,253</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">127,187</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">123,062</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,418</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,230</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">125,657</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2019</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">210,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+67.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">224,004</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><sup id="cite_ref-2016_census_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_census-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Cork City and its suburbs was recorded as 208,669 by the <a href="/wiki/2016_census_of_Ireland" title="2016 census of Ireland">2016 census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cso.ie_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso.ie-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with in excess of 300,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cork" title="Metropolitan Cork">Metropolitan Cork</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 2019 boundary extension, final results for the City from the <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census of Ireland</a> showed a population of 224,004 people.<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders"> <caption>Main immigrant groups (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nationality </th> <th scope="col">Population </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th> <td>6,822 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </th> <td>3,075 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </th> <td>1,126 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <td>960 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </th> <td>866 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <td>824 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </th> <td>640 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </th> <td>543 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </th> <td>523 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <td>520 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There were 119,230 people present in the Cork City Council-administered area at the time of the 2011 census, of these 117,221 indicated that they were usually present in Cork. In common with other Irish urban centres, the female population (50.67%) was higher than the male population (49.33%), although the gap is somewhat smaller than in other cities. </p><p>In the 2011 census, of those usually resident, 100,901 (86.08%) were Irish citizens; 10,295 (8.78%) were citizens of other EU countries; 4,316 (3.68%) were citizens of countries elsewhere in the world; 1,709 (1.46%) did not state their citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/2016_census_of_Ireland" title="2016 census of Ireland">2016 census</a>, the population of the city and suburbs were 81% white Irish, 10% other white, 1.4% black/black Irish, 2.5% Asian/Asian Irish, 1.7% other, with 2.6% not stating an ethnicity. <sup id="cite_ref-census.cso.ie_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.cso.ie-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census</a>, the population of the city and suburbs were 74.4% white Irish, 9.9% other white, 1.47% black/black Irish, 4.1% Asian/Asian Irish, 2.3% other, with 7.1% not stating an ethnicity<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of religion, the 2016 population was 76.4% <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, 8.1% other stated religion, with 12.8% having no religion and 2.7% not stated.<sup id="cite_ref-census.cso.ie_155-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census.cso.ie-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 and 2016 censuses, Roman Catholicism was the most common religion in the city overall, followed by Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the 2016 census, an increasing number of residents (15%) indicated that they had no religion<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – a higher rate of increase and a higher overall percentage than the national average (10%).<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/2022_census_of_Ireland" title="2022 census of Ireland">2022 census</a>, Catholics represented 65% of the population, 9% were other religions and 26% either had no religion or stated no religion.<sup id="cite_ref-cso2022_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Cork saw some Jewish immigration from Eastern Europe in the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with second-generation immigrants like <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Goldberg" title="Gerald Goldberg">Gerald Goldberg</a> holding public office, the community later declined and the synagogue closed.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later immigrant communities retain their places of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cork_people" title="List of Cork people">List of Cork people</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>statiō bene fīdā carīnīs</i>: literally "a good trust-station for <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keels</a>", adapted by inversion from Virgil's <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a> (II, 23: <i>statio male fida carinis</i>, "an unsafe harbour"). Sometimes corrupted to "fide".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915070432/http://www.corkcity.ie/lordmayor/historicalinformation/corkcoatofarms/">"Cork City Coat of Arms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Council" title="Cork City Council">Cork City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corkcity.ie/lordmayor/historicalinformation/corkcoatofarms/">the original</a> on 15 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cork+City+Coat+of+Arms&rft.pub=Cork+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkcity.ie%2Flordmayor%2Fhistoricalinformation%2Fcorkcoatofarms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expansion2019-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-expansion2019_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-expansion2019_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/cork-citys-population-to-grow-by-85000-and-expand-fivefold-at-midnight-927835.html">"Cork City's population to grow by 85,000 and expand fivefold ... at midnight"</a>. <i>irishexaminer.com</i>. Irish Examiner. 30 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411073245/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/cork-citys-population-to-grow-by-85000-and-expand-fivefold-at-midnight-927835.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irishexaminer.com&rft.atitle=Cork+City%27s+population+to+grow+by+85%2C000+and+expand+fivefold+...+at+midnight&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fcork-citys-population-to-grow-by-85000-and-expand-fivefold-at-midnight-927835.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cork_2050_Main_Report-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cork_2050_Main_Report_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.corkcoco.ie/sites/default/files/2017-08/Cork%202050%20Main%20Report.pdf">"Cork 2050 Main Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Cork County Council</i>. Cork County Council & Cork City Council. March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125144858/https://www.corkcoco.ie/sites/default/files/2017-08/Cork%202050%20Main%20Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cork+County+Council&rft.atitle=Cork+2050+Main+Report&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkcoco.ie%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-08%2FCork%25202050%2520Main%2520Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cso2022-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cso2022_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C03789V04537&guid=2ae19629-1434-13a3-e055-000000000001">"Interactive Data Visualisations: Towns: Cork City and Suburbs"</a>. <i>Census 2022</i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2022&rft.atitle=Interactive+Data+Visualisations%3A+Towns%3A+Cork+City+and+Suburbs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisual.cso.ie%2F%3Fbody%3Dentity%2Fima%2Fcop%2F2022%26boundary%3DC03789V04537%26guid%3D2ae19629-1434-13a3-e055-000000000001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-libraryireland-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-libraryireland_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Weston_Joyce1923" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Weston Joyce (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryireland.com/IrishPlaceNames/Corcach-Root-Word.php"><i>Irish Local Names</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191002174248/https://www.libraryireland.com/IrishPlaceNames/Corcach-Root-Word.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2019</span> – via libraryireland.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Local+Names&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Patrick+Weston+Joyce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libraryireland.com%2FIrishPlaceNames%2FCorcach-Root-Word.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/tv/theharbour/abouttheshow.html">"RTÉ Television – The Harbour"</a>. RTÉ.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619162718/http://www.rte.ie/tv/theharbour/abouttheshow.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RT%C3%89+Television+%E2%80%93+The+Harbour&rft.pub=RT%C3%89.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Ftv%2Ftheharbour%2Fabouttheshow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229171634/http://www.cmrc.ie/projects/cork-harbour-birds-atlas.html">"Coastal & Marine Resources Centre – Cork Harbour Marine Life Research Project Report"</a>. Cmrc.ucc.ie. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmrc.ie/projects/cork-harbour-birds-atlas.html">the original</a> on 29 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coastal+%26+Marine+Resources+Centre+%E2%80%93+Cork+Harbour+Marine+Life+Research+Project+Report&rft.pub=Cmrc.ucc.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcmrc.ie%2Fprojects%2Fcork-harbour-birds-atlas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Paxton2000" class="citation cs2">John Paxton (2000), <i>The Penguin encyclopedia of places</i> (3 ed.), Penguin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051275-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-051275-5"><bdi>978-0-14-051275-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Penguin+encyclopedia+of+places&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-051275-5&rft.au=John+Paxton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/cork-s-small-problem-the-real-issue-for-the-real-capital-is-its-size-1.2166483">"Cork's small problem: the real issue for the real capital is its size"</a>. Irishtimes.com. 7 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118044404/http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/cork-s-small-problem-the-real-issue-for-the-real-capital-is-its-size-1.2166483">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cork%27s+small+problem%3A+the+real+issue+for+the+real+capital+is+its+size&rft.date=2015-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fcork-s-small-problem-the-real-issue-for-the-real-capital-is-its-size-1.2166483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/09/04/the-battle-for-cork-city-august-1922-interview-with-john-borgonovo/">"The battle for Cork City, August 1922 – Interview with John Borgonovo"</a>. <i>The Irish Story</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604131424/https://www.theirishstory.com/2011/09/04/the-battle-for-cork-city-august-1922-interview-with-john-borgonovo/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Story&rft.atitle=The+battle+for+Cork+City%2C+August+1922+%E2%80%93+Interview+with+John+Borgonovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theirishstory.com%2F2011%2F09%2F04%2Fthe-battle-for-cork-city-august-1922-interview-with-john-borgonovo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÓ_Riain1994" class="citation book cs1">Ó Riain, Pádraig (1994). <i>Beatha Bharra (Saint Finbarr of Cork: the Complete Life)</i>. Irish Texts Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870166-57-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-870166-57-4"><bdi>1-870166-57-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beatha+Bharra+%28Saint+Finbarr+of+Cork%3A+the+Complete+Life%29&rft.pub=Irish+Texts+Society&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-870166-57-4&rft.aulast=%C3%93+Riain&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A1draig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2001" class="citation book cs1">Larsen, Anne-Christine (2001). <i>The Vikings in Ireland</i>. Viking Ship Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788785180421" title="Special:BookSources/9788785180421"><bdi>9788785180421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vikings+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Viking+Ship+Museum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788785180421&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Anne-Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoodyMartinByrneCosgrove1976" class="citation book cs1">Moody, T.W.; Martin, F.X.; Byrne, F.J.; Cosgrove, A.; Ó Cróinín, D. (1976). <i>A New History of Ireland</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-821737-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-821737-4"><bdi>0-19-821737-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+History+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-19-821737-4&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=T.W.&rft.au=Martin%2C+F.X.&rft.au=Byrne%2C+F.J.&rft.au=Cosgrove%2C+A.&rft.au=%C3%93+Cr%C3%B3in%C3%ADn%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugheyOakland2013" class="citation book cs1">Aughey, Arthur; Oakland, John (2013). <i>Irish Civilization: An Introduction</i>. Routledge. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+Civilization%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Aughey&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Oakland%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_A._MonkJohn_Sheehan1998" class="citation book cs1">Michael A. Monk; John Sheehan (1998). <i>Early Medieval Munster: Archaeology, History and Society</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>The city of Cork [...] enjoys a friendly rivalry with Dublin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interstudies.com&rft.atitle=Cork&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interstudies.com%2Fireland%2Fcork%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thetimesUK-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thetimesUK_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetimesUK_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/martin-moran-go-walkabout-down-the-wine-aisle-to-discover-a-wonder-from-down-under-8r0zv5lwj">"Go walkabout down the wine aisle to discover a wonder from down under"</a>. <i>thetimes.co.uk</i>. The Sunday Times. 28 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>The rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne is apparently as fierce as that between Dublin and the self-styled "real" capital of Ireland, Cork</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thetimes.co.uk&rft.atitle=Go+walkabout+down+the+wine+aisle+to+discover+a+wonder+from+down+under&rft.date=2018-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fmartin-moran-go-walkabout-down-the-wine-aisle-to-discover-a-wonder-from-down-under-8r0zv5lwj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeohane2006" class="citation journal cs1">Keohane, Kieran (2006). "The Accumulation of Cultural Capital in 'Cork: European City of Culture 2005'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Irish Review</i> (34): <span class="nowrap">130–</span>154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F29736302">10.2307/29736302</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29736302">29736302</a>. <q>As Manchester was to London, Lille was to Paris and Cork was to Dublin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Review&rft.atitle=The+Accumulation+of+Cultural+Capital+in+%27Cork%3A+European+City+of+Culture+2005%27&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E154&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F29736302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29736302%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Keohane&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peoplesrepublicofcork.com/">"Welcome to the People's Republic of Cork"</a>. <i>People's Republic of Cork</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426024835/https://www.peoplesrepublicofcork.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Up+the+walls%3A+take+a+tour+of+Cork+city%27s+vibrant+street-art+scene+with+this+online+map&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=McGrath+Bryan&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Flifestyle%2Fartsandculture%2Farid-40803066.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echolive.ie/corknews/Calls-to-honour-much-loved-Cork-character-Kathy-Barry-8373a64c-906a-4291-8917-27067e62b6a2-ds">"Calls to honour much-loved Cork character Kathy Barry"</a>. <i>echolive.ie</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cork+Midsummer+Festival+2010+%E2%80%93+Feasta+Food+Fair&rft.pub=Corkmidsummer.com&rft.date=2010-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkmidsummer.com%2F2010%2Fevents%2Ffeasta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleher2022" class="citation news cs1">Kelleher, Olivia (19 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-41009804.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It's part of the city now': Cork's Marina Market 'ticks all the boxes'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architecture+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+longest+building+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+the+Eglinton+Asylum%2C+Cork&rft.date=2017-09-02&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchitectureireland.ie%2Fthe-longest-building-in-ireland-the-eglinton-asylum-cork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=CC&regno=20865010">"Architectural Heritage Listing - Atkin's Hall, Lee Road, Cork City"</a>. <i>National Inventory of Architectural Heritage</i>. 1 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221015/http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp?type=record&county=CC&regno=20865010">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+Architectural+Heritage&rft.atitle=Architectural+Heritage+Listing+-+Atkin%27s+Hall%2C+Lee+Road%2C+Cork+City&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildingsofireland.ie%2Fniah%2Fsearch.jsp%3Ftype%3Drecord%26county%3DCC%26regno%3D20865010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shandonbells.ie/">"Church of St. Anne Shandon"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revamped+Fitzgerald+Park+opens+to+public+but+Diarmuid+Gavin+%27not+invited%27&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fireland%2Frevamped-fitzgerald-park-opens-to-public-but-diarmuid-gavin-not-invited-268973.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturefox.ie/en/film/grease-outdoor-cinema-screening-at-fitzgerald-park/37828/">"Grease, outdoor cinema screening at Fitzgerald Park"</a>. <i>Culture Fox</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302030048/http://www.culturefox.ie/en/film/grease-outdoor-cinema-screening-at-fitzgerald-park/37828/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Fox&rft.atitle=Grease%2C+outdoor+cinema+screening+at+Fitzgerald+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturefox.ie%2Fen%2Ffilm%2Fgrease-outdoor-cinema-screening-at-fitzgerald-park%2F37828%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorry2005" class="citation book cs1">Corry, Eoghan (2005). <i>The GAA Book of Lists</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=County+Hall+%28Cork+County+Council%29&rft.pub=Corkcoco.ie&rft.date=1981-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkcoco.ie%2Fco%2Fweb%2FDocViews%2FCoastal%2520and%2520Recreation%3Fdid%3D656268406%26pageUrl%3D%2FCork%2BCounty%2BCouncil%2FAbout%2BUs%2FCounty%2BHall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/video-pics-demolition-under-way-at-capitol-cinema-site-378141.html">"Demolition under way at Capitol cinema site"</a>. Irish Examiner. 12 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823024818/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/video-pics-demolition-under-way-at-capitol-cinema-site-378141.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Demolition+under+way+at+Capitol+cinema+site&rft.pub=Irish+Examiner&rft.date=2016-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fireland%2Fvideo-pics-demolition-under-way-at-capitol-cinema-site-378141.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/business/excitement-in-cork-as-50m-capitol-welcomes-its-first-shoppers-452608.html">"Excitement in Cork as €50m Capitol welcomes its first shoppers"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Excitement+in+Cork+as+%E2%82%AC50m+Capitol+welcomes+its+first+shoppers&rft.pub=Irish+Examiner&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbusiness%2Fexcitement-in-cork-as-50m-capitol-welcomes-its-first-shoppers-452608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/stores-in-the-capitol-confirmed-oyster-tavern-to-reopen-446159.html">"Stores in The Capitol confirmed; Oyster Tavern to reopen"</a>. Irish Examiner. 26 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328131454/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/stores-in-the-capitol-confirmed-oyster-tavern-to-reopen-446159.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stores+in+The+Capitol+confirmed%3B+Oyster+Tavern+to+reopen&rft.pub=Irish+Examiner&rft.date=2017-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fireland%2Fstores-in-the-capitol-confirmed-oyster-tavern-to-reopen-446159.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecork.ie/2017/05/11/first-office-officially-opened-in-new-capitol-office-building-on-grand-parade-cork-city-centre-by-alienvault/">"First business officially opened in new Capitol offices on Grand Parade Cork City by AlienVault"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+business+officially+opened+in+new+Capitol+offices+on+Grand+Parade+Cork+City+by+AlienVault&rft.pub=TheCork.ie&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecork.ie%2F2017%2F05%2F11%2Ffirst-office-officially-opened-in-new-capitol-office-building-on-grand-parade-cork-city-centre-by-alienvault%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225130033/http://www.eveningecho.ie/cork-news/penneys-big-plans-for-patricks-street/563603/">"Penneys' Big Plans For Patrick Street"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penneys%27+Big+Plans+For+Patrick+Street&rft.pub=Evening+Echo&rft.date=2015-06-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eveningecho.ie%2Fcork-news%2Fpenneys-big-plans-for-patricks-street%2F563603%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/property/commercial/cork-set-for-multi-million-euro-retail-rebuild-395398.html">"Cork set for multi-million euro retail rebuild"</a>. Irish Examiner. 28 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225052850/http://www.irishexaminer.com/property/commercial/cork-set-for-multi-million-euro-retail-rebuild-395398.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cork+set+for+multi-million+euro+retail+rebuild&rft.pub=Irish+Examiner&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fproperty%2Fcommercial%2Fcork-set-for-multi-million-euro-retail-rebuild-395398.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/superdry-to-open-on-patrick-s-street-1.2398748">"Superdry to open on Patrick's Street"</a>. Irish Times. 21 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225125805/http://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/superdry-to-open-on-patrick-s-street-1.2398748">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superdry+to+open+on+Patrick%27s+Street&rft.pub=Irish+Times&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fcommercial-property%2Fsuperdry-to-open-on-patrick-s-street-1.2398748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/ida-ireland-era-of-optimism-with-growth-evident-in-all-sectors-958340.html">"IDA Ireland: Era of optimism with growth evident in all sectors"</a>. <i>irishexaminer.com</i>. Irish Examiner. 19 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028163919/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/ida-ireland-era-of-optimism-with-growth-evident-in-all-sectors-958340.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>The South-West Region [...] grew by 5% with Cork benefiting most from increased investment</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=irishexaminer.com&rft.atitle=IDA+Ireland%3A+Era+of+optimism+with+growth+evident+in+all+sectors&rft.date=2019-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fbusiness%2Fida-ireland-era-of-optimism-with-growth-evident-in-all-sectors-958340.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche,_Barry2004" class="citation web cs1">Roche, Barry (27 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/350-new-jobs-for-cork-under-us-firm-s-eur700m-investment-1.1150780">"350 new jobs for Cork under US firm's EUR700m investment"</a>. Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180304/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/350-new-jobs-for-cork-under-us-firm-s-eur700m-investment-1.1150780">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2016</span>. <q>Cork has seen a large concentration of [...] companies such as Pfizer, Novartis, Boston Scientific, Eli Lilly and Schering Plough, as well as Johnson & Johnson and GSK, all having significant operations in the area</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=350+new+jobs+for+Cork+under+US+firm%27s+EUR700m+investment&rft.pub=Irish+Times&rft.date=2004-07-27&rft.au=Roche%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2F350-new-jobs-for-cork-under-us-firm-s-eur700m-investment-1.1150780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2012" class="citation news cs1">Barker, Tommy (19 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/archives/2012/0719/business/apple-boost-for-city-201194.html">"Apple boost for city"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602032609/http://www.irishexaminer.com/archives/2012/0719/business/apple-boost-for-city-201194.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Apple+boost+for+city&rft.date=2012-07-19&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Farchives%2F2012%2F0719%2Fbusiness%2Fapple-boost-for-city-201194.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2012" class="citation web cs1">Baker, Tommy (1 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/property/commercial/logitechs-safe-landing-212575.html">"Logitech's safe landing"</a>. <i>Commercial Property</i>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113141836/http://www.irishexaminer.com/property/commercial/logitechs-safe-landing-212575.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commercial+Property&rft.atitle=Logitech%27s+safe+landing&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fproperty%2Fcommercial%2Flogitechs-safe-landing-212575.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Gordon (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2011/0408/1224294213282.html">"EMC extends its Cork research operations"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117151637/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2011/0408/1224294213282.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=EMC+extends+its+Cork+research+operations&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Ffinance%2F2011%2F0408%2F1224294213282.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landuse-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landuse_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landuse_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171218105642/http://www.corkcity.ie/services/strategicplanningeconomicdevelopment/strategicplanningeconomicdevelopmentnews/ELUS%20SPC%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf">Cork City Employment & Land Use Survey 2011</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Love+Irish+Food&rft.atitle=Tic+Tac+in+Ireland+%E2%80%93+Love+Irish+Food&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loveirishfood.ie%2Fbrands%2Ftic-tac-in-ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyhan2007" class="citation book cs1">Nyhan, Miriam (2007). <i>Are You Still Below?: The Ford Marina Plant, Cork, 1917–84</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Route+Map&rft.pub=Corkairport.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkairport.com%2Fdestinations%2Froute-map&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413055708/http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1288106268-Cork-Suburban-Map.pdf">"Cork Suburban Network Limits"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bus_%C3%89ireann" title="Bus Éireann">Bus Éireann</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cork+Suburban+Network+Limits&rft.pub=Bus+%C3%89ireann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buseireann.ie%2Fpdf%2F1288106268-Cork-Suburban-Map.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2011" class="citation news cs1">English, Eoin (30 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20175517.html">"Number's up for city buses as part of move to real-time signs"</a>. <i>Irish Examiner</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Number%27s+up+for+city+buses+as+part+of+move+to+real-time+signs&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-20175517.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EOR-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EOR_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EOR_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Regan2021" class="citation web cs1">O'Regan, Ellen (8 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/munster/arid-40739334.html">"Saturday night lights on Cork's only 24-hour bus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cork+Beo&rft.atitle=1.3+million+journeys+on+Cork+220+bus+sees+calls+for+further+expansion+and+24+hour+services&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.corkbeo.ie%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F13-million-journeys-cork-220-17656699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buseireann.ie/inner.php?id=406&form-view-timetables-from=&form-view-timetables-to=&form-view-timetables-route=220&form-view-timetables-submit=1">"Route 220, Ovens (EMC) - Ballincollig - City Centre - Maryborough Hill - Carrigaline (Liosbourne & Ferney Road)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bus_%C3%89ireann" title="Bus Éireann">Bus Éireann</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Bus+%C3%89ireann+eyes+new+Cork+city+depot&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Farid-30995733.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EE-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EE_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EE_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EE_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2022" class="citation web cs1">English, Eoin (10 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40980143.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We've no intention of rushing BusConnects plan ... the aim is to get it right'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Examiner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Irish Examiner">The Irish Examiner</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Sony+teams+up+with+Cork+Racing&rft.date=2006-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Farchives%2F2006%2F0913%2Fireland%2Fsony-teams-up-with-cork-racing-13153.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arfli-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arfli_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arfli_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arfli.com/index.php?p=custom14">"ARFLI Premiership – Roll of Honour"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fall-off+in+number+of+Jews+forces+only+Cork+synagogue+to+shut&rft.date=2016-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fsocial-affairs%2Freligion-and-beliefs%2Ffall-off-in-number-of-jews-forces-only-cork-synagogue-to-shut-1.2527246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311200142/http://www.corkhebrewcongregation.com/gpage.html">"History of the Cork Hebrew Congregation and the Jews of Cork"</a>. Corkhebrewcongregation.com. 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Diocese of Cork and Ross. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630230552/http://corkandross.org/immigration-new-irish/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Irish Examiner. 23 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171017043520/http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/cork-muslim-community-seeks-replacement-imam-266242.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cork+Muslim+community+seeks+replacement+imam&rft.pub=Irish+Examiner&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fireland%2Fcork-muslim-community-seeks-replacement-imam-266242.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Merchants, Mystics and Philanthropists – 350 Years of Cork Quakers</i> Richard S. Harrison Published by Cork Monthly Meeting, Religious Society of Friends (<a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>) 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9539542-1-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9539542-1-6">978-0-9539542-1-6</a></li> <li><i>Atlas of Cork City</i>, edited by John Crowley, Robert Devoy, Denis Linehan and Patrick O'Flanagan. Illustrated by Michael Murphy. Cork University Press, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85918-380-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85918-380-8">1-85918-380-8</a>.</li> <li>Henry, Jefferies. <i>A New History of Cork</i>. History Press Ireland, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84588-984-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84588-984-5">978-1-84588-984-5</a>.</li> <li>McAvoy, Mark. <i>Cork Rock: From Rory Gallagher To The Sultans Of Ping</i>. Mercier Press (2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85635-655-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85635-655-8">978-1-85635-655-8</a>.</li> <li><i>Where Bridges Stand: the River Lee bridges of Cork City</i>, Antóin O'Callaghan. History Press Ireland, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84588-746-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84588-746-9">978-1-84588-746-9</a>.</li> <li><i>Cork City Through Time</i>, Kieran McCarthy & Daniel Breen. Stroud : Amberley, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-1142-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-1142-6">978-1-4456-1142-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cork" class="extiw" title="commons:Cork"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Cork</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cork_(city)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cork (city)">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of an 1879 <i><a href="/wiki/American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cyclopædia">American Cyclopædia</a></i> article about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Cork_(Ireland)" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Cork (Ireland)">Cork</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cork#Q36647" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Cork">Cork</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/48px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/64px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corkcity.ie/">Cork City Council site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiseek.com/category/buildings/ireland-buildings/munster/cork-munster-ireland-buildings-buildings/architecture-of-cork-city/">Architecture of Cork</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cork (city)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cork_(city)">"Cork (city)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. <span class="nowrap">158–</span>160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cork+%28city%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E158-%3C%2Fspan%3E160&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACork+%28city%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cork_City" title="Template:Cork City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cork_City" title="Template talk:Cork City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cork_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cork City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cork_City296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cork City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballinlough,_Cork" title="Ballinlough, Cork">Ballinlough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballintemple" title="Ballintemple">Ballintemple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyphehane" title="Ballyphehane">Ballyphehane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyvolane,_Cork" title="Ballyvolane, Cork">Ballyvolane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopstown" title="Bishopstown">Bishopstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool,_Cork" title="Blackpool, Cork">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackrock,_Cork" title="Blackrock, Cork">Blackrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Cork" title="Douglas, Cork">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasheen" title="Glasheen">Glasheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen,_Cork" title="The Glen, Cork">The Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurranabraher" title="Gurranabraher">Gurranabraher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocknaheeny" title="Knocknaheeny">Knocknaheeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lough,_Cork" title="The Lough, Cork">The Lough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahon,_Cork" title="Mahon, Cork">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardyke" title="Mardyke">Mardyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Cork" title="Mayfield, Cork">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenotte,_Cork" title="Montenotte, Cork">Montenotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandon,_Cork" title="Shandon, Cork">Shandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Parish,_Cork" title="South Parish, Cork"> South Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday%27s_Well" title="Sunday's Well">Sunday's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivoli,_Cork" title="Tivoli, Cork">Tivoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togher,_Cork" title="Togher, Cork">Togher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turners_Cross,_Cork" title="Turners Cross, Cork">Turners Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_Cork" title="Wilton, Cork">Wilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Caucus" title="Cork Caucus">Cork Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Jazz_Festival" title="Cork Jazz Festival">Cork Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_International_Film_Festival" title="Cork International Film Festival">Cork International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_International_Choral_Festival" title="Cork International Choral Festival">Cork International Choral Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Connor_International_Short_Story_Award" title="Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award">Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Marquee_(festival)" title="Live at the Marquee (festival)">Live at the Marquee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundEye_Festival" title="SoundEye Festival">SoundEye Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Opera_House" title="Cork Opera House">Cork Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Public_Museum" title="Cork Public Museum">Cork Public Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Art_Gallery" title="Crawford Art Gallery">Crawford Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firkin_Crane_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Firkin Crane Centre">Firkin Crane Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman_Palace_Theatre" title="Everyman Palace Theatre">Everyman Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Glucksman_Gallery" title="Lewis Glucksman Gallery">Lewis Glucksman Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Cork_city" title="List of public art in Cork city">Public art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Food halls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Market" title="Marina Market">Marina Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Third level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_College_of_Commerce" title="Cork College of Commerce">Cork College of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Institute_of_Technology" title="Cork Institute of Technology">Cork Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_College_Cork" title="Griffith College Cork">Griffith College Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Central_College" title="St. John's Central College">St. John's Central College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishopstown_Community_School" title="Bishopstown Community School">Bishopstown Community School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Brothers_College,_Cork" title="Christian Brothers College, Cork">Christian Brothers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste_an_Spioraid_Naoimh" title="Coláiste an Spioraid Naoimh">Coláiste an Spioraid Naoimh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste_Chr%C3%ADost_R%C3%AD" title="Coláiste Chríost Rí">Coláiste Chríost Rí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste_Stiof%C3%A1in_Naofa_College_of_Further_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Coláiste Stiofáin Naofa College of Further Education">Coláiste Stiofáin Naofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Community_School" title="Douglas Community School">Douglas Community School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Monastery" title="North Monastery">North Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mercy_College,_Cork" title="Mount Mercy College, Cork">Mount Mercy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_Brothers_College,_Cork" title="Presentation Brothers College, Cork">Presentation Brothers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoil_Mhuire,_Cork" title="Scoil Mhuire, Cork">Scoil Mhuire, Cork</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Hamblin_and_Porter%27s_Grammar_School" title="Hamblin and Porter's Grammar School">Hamblin and Porter's Grammar School</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Private_Hospital,_Cork" title="Mater Private Hospital, Cork">Mater Private Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_University_Hospital" title="Cork University Hospital">Cork University Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_Hospital" title="St. Finbarr's Hospital">St. Finbarr's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Health_Campus" title="St. Mary's Health Campus">St. Mary's Health Campus</a></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Erinville_Hospital" title="Erinville Hospital">Erinville Hospital</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_North_Infirmary" title="Cork North Infirmary">North Infirmary</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cork" title="History of Cork">History of Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cork" title="Siege of Cork">Siege of Cork</a> (1690)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Industrial_Exhibition" title="Irish Industrial Exhibition">Irish Industrial Exhibition</a> (1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_International_Exhibition" title="Cork International Exhibition">Cork International Exhibition</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_Cork" title="Burning of Cork">Burning of Cork</a> (1920)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Print</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cork_Independent_(newspaper)" title="Cork Independent (newspaper)">Cork Independent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Echo_(Cork_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Echo (Cork newspaper)">The Echo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C103" title="C103">C103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork%27s_96FM" title="Cork's 96FM">Cork's 96FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork%27s_Red_FM" title="Cork's Red FM">Cork's Red FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Community_TV" title="Cork Community TV">Cork Community TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and<br />recreational areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Lucey_Park" title="Bishop Lucey Park">Bishop Lucey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzgerald%27s_Park" title="Fitzgerald's Park">Fitzgerald's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glen,_Cork" title="The Glen, Cork">The Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Park_(Cork,_Ireland)" title="Kennedy Park (Cork, Ireland)">Kennedy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lough,_Cork" title="The Lough, Cork">The Lough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramore_Valley_Park" title="Tramore Valley Park">Tramore Valley Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Mary_and_St_Anne" title="Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne">Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Anne,_Shandon" title="Church of St Anne, Shandon">Church of St Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church,_Cork" title="Holy Trinity Church, Cork">Holy Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honan_Chapel" title="Honan Chapel">Honan Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Abbey,_Cork" title="Red Abbey, Cork">The Red Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Fin_Barre%27s_Cathedral" title="Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral">Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul%27s_Church,_Cork" title="Saints Peter and Paul's Church, Cork">SS Peter and Paul's Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Parade,_Cork" title="Grand Parade, Cork">Grand Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Plunkett_Street" title="Oliver Plunkett Street">Oliver Plunkett Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnell_Place" title="Parnell Place">Parnell Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandon_Street" title="Shandon Street">Shandon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Street" title="St Patrick's Street">St Patrick's Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Mall,_Cork" title="South Mall, Cork">South Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street,_Cork" title="Washington Street, Cork">Washington Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Road,_Cork" title="Wellington Road, Cork">Wellington Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Lee" title="River Lee">River Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lough,_Cork" title="The Lough, Cork">The Lough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lough_Mahon" title="Lough Mahon">Lough Mahon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other buildings<br />and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackrock_Castle" title="Blackrock Castle">Blackrock Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Cork" title="Christ Church, Cork">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Gate_Mahon" title="City Gate Mahon">City Gate Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Barracks,_Cork" title="Collins Barracks, Cork">Collins Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Gaol" title="Cork City Gaol">Cork City Gaol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cork" title="City Hall, Cork">Cork City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Cork" title="County Hall, Cork">Cork County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Kent_railway_station" title="Cork Kent railway station">Cork Kent railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Prison" title="Cork Prison">Cork Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Custom_House,_Cork" title="The Custom House, Cork">The Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly%27s_Bridge" title="Daly's Bridge">Daly's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fort" title="Elizabeth Fort">Elizabeth Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elysian" title="The Elysian">The Elysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lynch_Tunnel" title="Jack Lynch Tunnel">Jack Lynch Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Montenotte_Hotel" title="The Montenotte Hotel">The Montenotte Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Software_Centre" title="National Software Centre">National Software Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnell_Place_Bus_Station" title="Parnell Place Bus Station">Parnell Place Bus Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry%27s" title="Sir Henry's">Sir Henry's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiddy%27s_Almshouse" title="Skiddy's Almshouse">Skiddy's Almshouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Finbarr%27s_Cemetery" title="St. Finbarr's Cemetery">St. Finbarr's Cemetery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Working_Men" title="Two Working Men">Two Working Men</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Railway_stations16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Blackrock_(CBPR)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackrock (CBPR) railway station">Blackrock railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_Albert_Quay_railway_station" title="Cork Albert Quay railway station">Cork Albert Quay railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_Albert_Street_railway_station" title="Cork Albert Street railway station">Cork Albert Street railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_Capwell_railway_station" title="Cork Capwell railway station">Cork Capwell railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_Park_railway_station" title="Cork City Park railway station">Cork City Park railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_County_Gaol" title="Cork County Gaol">Cork County Gaol</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_Victoria_Road_railway_station" title="Cork Victoria Road railway station">Cork Victoria Road railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Cork_Western_Road_railway_station" title="Cork Western Road railway station">Cork Western Road railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Show_Ground_Halt_railway_station" title="Show Ground Halt railway station">Show Ground Halt railway station</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(CMLR)_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (CMLR) railway station">Victoria railway station</a></small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics indicate proposed developments.</i> <small>Smaller font-size indicates locations or organizations that no longer exist.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_in_County_Cork422" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:County_Cork" title="Template:County Cork"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:County_Cork" title="Template talk:County Cork"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:County_Cork" title="Special:EditPage/Template:County Cork"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_in_County_Cork422" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places in <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">County Cork</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cork</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballincollig" title="Ballincollig">Ballincollig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandon,_County_Cork" title="Bandon, County Cork">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantry" title="Bantry">Bantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttevant" title="Buttevant">Buttevant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigaline" title="Carrigaline">Carrigaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville,_County_Cork" title="Charleville, County Cork">Charleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonakilty" title="Clonakilty">Clonakilty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobh" title="Cobh">Cobh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermoy" title="Fermoy">Fermoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanturk" title="Kanturk">Kanturk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsale" title="Kinsale">Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroom" title="Macroom">Macroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallow,_County_Cork" title="Mallow, County Cork">Mallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midleton" title="Midleton">Midleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millstreet" title="Millstreet">Millstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_West" title="Passage West">Passage West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skibbereen" title="Skibbereen">Skibbereen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youghal" title="Youghal">Youghal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg/100px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg/150px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg/200px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Cork.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and <br /><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrigole" title="Adrigole">Adrigole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghabullogue" title="Aghabullogue">Aghabullogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghada" title="Aghada">Aghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahakista" title="Ahakista">Ahakista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aherla" title="Aherla">Aherla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahiohill" title="Ahiohill">Ahiohill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allihies" title="Allihies">Allihies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardfield" title="Ardfield">Ardfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardgroom" title="Ardgroom">Ardgroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinacurra,_County_Cork" title="Ballinacurra, County Cork">Ballinacurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinadee" title="Ballinadee">Ballinadee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinagree" title="Ballinagree">Ballinagree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinascarty" title="Ballinascarty">Ballinascarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballineen_and_Enniskean" title="Ballineen and Enniskean">Ballineen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballingeary" title="Ballingeary">Ballingeary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinhassig" title="Ballinhassig">Ballinhassig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinora" title="Ballinora">Ballinora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballinspittle" title="Ballinspittle">Ballinspittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballintemple" title="Ballintemple">Ballintemple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballycotton" title="Ballycotton">Ballycotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballydehob" title="Ballydehob">Ballydehob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballydesmond" title="Ballydesmond">Ballydesmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballygarvan,_County_Cork" title="Ballygarvan, County Cork">Ballygarvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballylickey" title="Ballylickey">Ballylickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymakeera" title="Ballymakeera">Ballymakeera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymore,_County_Cork" title="Ballymore, County Cork">Ballymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyvourney" title="Ballyvourney">Ballyvourney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_County_Cork" title="Baltimore, County Cork">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteer" title="Banteer">Banteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9al_na_Bl%C3%A1th" title="Béal na Bláth">Béal na Bláth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgooly" title="Belgooly">Belgooly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvelly" title="Belvelly">Belvelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney" title="Blarney">Blarney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boherbue" title="Boherbue">Boherbue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridebridge" title="Bridebridge">Bridebridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bweeng" title="Bweeng">Bweeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canovee" title="Canovee">Canovee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigadrohid" title="Carrigadrohid">Carrigadrohid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriganimmy" title="Carriganimmy">Carriganimmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrigtwohill" title="Carrigtwohill">Carrigtwohill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlehaven" title="Castlehaven">Castlehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlelyons" title="Castlelyons">Castlelyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlemagner" title="Castlemagner">Castlemagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlemartyr" title="Castlemartyr">Castlemartyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletown-Kinneigh" title="Castletown-Kinneigh">Castletown-Kinneigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletownbere" title="Castletownbere">Castletownbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletownroche" title="Castletownroche">Castletownroche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castletownshend" title="Castletownshend">Castletownshend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchtown,_County_Cork" title="Churchtown, County Cork">Churchtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloghroe" title="Cloghroe">Cloghroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clondulane" title="Clondulane">Clondulane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloughduv" title="Cloughduv">Cloughduv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloyne" title="Cloyne">Cloyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachford" title="Coachford">Coachford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conna" title="Conna">Conna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAil_Aodha" title="Cúil Aodha">Coolea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtmacsherry" title="Courtmacsherry">Courtmacsherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crookhaven" title="Crookhaven">Crookhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crookstown,_County_Cork" title="Crookstown, County Cork">Crookstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbarry" title="Crossbarry">Crossbarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosshaven" title="Crosshaven">Crosshaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen,_County_Cork" title="Cullen, County Cork">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doneraile" title="Doneraile">Doneraile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Cork" title="Douglas, Cork">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drimoleague" title="Drimoleague">Drimoleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dripsey" title="Dripsey">Dripsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromahane" title="Dromahane">Dromahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungourney" title="Dungourney">Dungourney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunmanway" title="Dunmanway">Dunmanway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrus" title="Durrus">Durrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballineen_and_Enniskean" title="Ballineen and Enniskean">Enniskean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyeries" title="Eyeries">Eyeries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farran" title="Farran">Farran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermoy" title="Fermoy">Fermoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountainstown" title="Fountainstown">Fountainstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemount,_County_Cork" title="Freemount, County Cork">Freemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glandore" title="Glandore">Glandore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanmire" title="Glanmire">Glanmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glantane" title="Glantane">Glantane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glanworth" title="Glanworth">Glanworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasheen" title="Glasheen">Glasheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenbrook,_County_Cork" title="Glenbrook, County Cork">Glenbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glengarriff" title="Glengarriff">Glengarriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenville,_County_Cork" title="Glenville, County Cork">Glenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glounthaune" title="Glounthaune">Glounthaune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goleen" title="Goleen">Goleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gougane_Barra" title="Gougane Barra">Gougane Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfway,_County_Cork" title="Halfway, County Cork">Halfway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innishannon" title="Innishannon">Innishannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilbrin" title="Kilbrin">Kilbrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilbrittain" title="Kilbrittain">Kilbrittain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmichael,_County_Cork" title="Kilmichael, County Cork">Kilmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilnamartyra" title="Kilnamartyra">Kilnamartyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killumney" title="Killumney">Killumney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilworth" title="Kilworth">Kilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiskeam" title="Kiskeam">Kiskeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockavilla,_County_Cork" title="Knockavilla, County Cork">Knockavilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocknagree" title="Knocknagree">Knocknagree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knockraha" title="Knockraha">Knockraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladysbridge" title="Ladysbridge">Ladysbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap,_County_Cork" title="Leap, County Cork">Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liscarroll" title="Liscarroll">Liscarroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisgoold" title="Lisgoold">Lisgoold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lismire" title="Lismire">Lismire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardstown" title="Lombardstown">Lombardstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyre,_County_Cork" title="Lyre, County Cork">Lyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Cork" title="Mayfield, Cork">Mayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meelin" title="Meelin">Meelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_County_Cork" title="Milford, County Cork">Milford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minane_Bridge" title="Minane Bridge">Minane Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchelstown" title="Mitchelstown">Mitchelstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monard,_County_Cork" title="Monard, County Cork">Monard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkstown,_County_Cork" title="Monkstown, County Cork">Monkstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenotte,_Cork" title="Montenotte, Cork">Montenotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourne_Abbey" title="Mourne Abbey">Mourneabbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nad,_County_Cork" title="Nad, County Cork">Nad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcestown" title="Newcestown">Newcestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_County_Cork" title="Newmarket, County Cork">Newmarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Twopothouse" title="New Twopothouse">Newtwopothouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nohoval" title="Nohoval">Nohoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovens,_County_Cork" title="Ovens, County Cork">Ovens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castlefreke" title="Castlefreke">Rathbarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathcormac" title="Rathcormac">Rathcormac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverstick" title="Riverstick">Riverstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Cove,_County_Cork" title="Roberts Cove, County Cork">Roberts Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockchapel" title="Rockchapel">Rockchapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosscarbery" title="Rosscarbery">Rosscarbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rylane" title="Rylane">Rylane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallybrook" title="Sallybrook">Sallybrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schull" title="Schull">Schull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanagarry" title="Shanagarry">Shanagarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanbally" title="Shanbally">Shanbally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanballymore" title="Shanballymore">Shanballymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoleague" title="Timoleague">Timoleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togher,_Cork" title="Togher, Cork">Togher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower,_County_Cork" title="Tower, County Cork">Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Hall,_County_Cork" title="Union Hall, County Cork">Union Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_County_Cork" title="Upton, County Cork">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall,_County_Cork" title="Waterfall, County Cork">Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watergrasshill" title="Watergrasshill">Watergrasshill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitegate,_County_Cork" title="Whitegate, County Cork">Whitegate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Mountains</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ballyhoura_Mountains" title="Ballyhoura Mountains">Ballyhoura Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boggeragh_Mountains" title="Boggeragh Mountains">Boggeragh Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caha_Mountains" title="Caha Mountains">Caha Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Derrynasaggart_Mountains" title="Derrynasaggart Mountains">Derrynasaggart Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galtee_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Galtee Mountains">Galtee Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mullaghareirk_Mountains" title="Mullaghareirk Mountains">Mullaghareirk Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shehy_Mountains" title="Shehy Mountains">Shehy Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slieve_Miskish_Mountains" title="Slieve Miskish Mountains">Slieve Miskish Mountains</a></dd> <dt>Rivers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/River_Bandon" title="River Bandon">River Bandon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Munster_Blackwater" title="Munster Blackwater">River Blackwater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/River_Lee" title="River Lee">River Lee</a></dd> <dt>Heads</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brow_Head" title="Brow Head">Brow Head</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mizen_Head" title="Mizen Head">Mizen Head</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s_Head" title="Sheep's Head">Sheep's Head</a></dd> <dt>Islands</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballycotton_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballycotton Island (page does not exist)">Ballycotton Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bere_Island" title="Bere Island">Bere Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cape_Clear_Island" title="Cape Clear Island">Cape Clear Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capel_Island" title="Capel Island">Capel Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carbery%27s_Hundred_Isles" title="Carbery's Hundred Isles">Carbery's Hundred Isles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fastnet_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Fastnet Rock">Fastnet Rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dursey_Island" title="Dursey Island">Dursey Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garinish" class="mw-redirect" title="Garinish">Garinish</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Island" title="Great Island">Great Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heir_Island" title="Heir Island">Heir Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Haulbowline" title="Haulbowline">Haulbowline Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Inishfarnard" title="Inishfarnard">Inishfarnard</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Long_Island,_County_Cork" title="Long Island, County Cork">Long Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sherkin_Island" title="Sherkin Island">Sherkin Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spike_Island,_County_Cork" title="Spike Island, County Cork">Spike Island</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Whiddy_Island" title="Whiddy Island">Whiddy Island</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_townlands_of_County_Cork" title="Lists of townlands of County Cork">Lists of townlands of County Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_County_Cork" title="Category:Mountains and hills of County Cork">Mountains and hills of County Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_County_Cork" title="Category:Rivers of County Cork">Rivers of County Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_County_Cork" title="Category:Geography of County Cork">Geography of County Cork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Ireland87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Ireland" title="Template:Cities in 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">1985</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1986</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1987</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1988</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1989</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1990</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1991</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1992</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1993</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1994</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1995</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1996</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1997</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1998</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1999</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2000</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2001</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2002</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2003</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2004</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2005</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2006</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2007</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2008</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2009</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2010</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2011</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2012</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2013</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2014</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2015</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2016</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2017</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2018</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2019</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2020-April 2021</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2022</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2023</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2024</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2025</span></dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></b></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2026</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2027</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Baronies_of_Cork178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cork-baronies" title="Template:Cork-baronies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cork-baronies" title="Template talk:Cork-baronies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cork-baronies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cork-baronies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Baronies_of_Cork178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barony_(Ireland)" title="Barony (Ireland)">Baronies</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_Cork" title="County Cork">Cork</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantry_(County_Cork_barony)" title="Bantry (County Cork barony)">Bantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barretts_(barony)" title="Barretts (barony)">Barretts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrymore_(barony)" title="Barrymore (barony)">Barrymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_(barony)" title="Bear (barony)">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbery_East" title="Carbery East">Carbery East</a> (ED & WD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbery_West" title="Carbery West">Carbery West</a> (ED & WD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condons_and_Clangibbon" title="Condons and Clangibbon">Condons and Clangibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_(barony)" title="Cork (barony)">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_City_(barony)" title="Cork City (barony)">Cork City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courceys" title="Courceys">Courceys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duhallow" title="Duhallow">Duhallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermoy_(barony)" title="Fermoy (barony)">Fermoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibane_and_Barryroe" title="Ibane and Barryroe">Ibane and Barryroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imokilly" title="Imokilly">Imokilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrycurrihy" title="Kerrycurrihy">Kerrycurrihy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinalea" title="Kinalea">Kinalea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinalmeaky" title="Kinalmeaky">Kinalmeaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnatalloon" title="Kinnatalloon">Kinnatalloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsale_(barony)" title="Kinsale (barony)">Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskerry_East" title="Muskerry East">Muskerry East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskerry_West" title="Muskerry West">Muskerry West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrery_and_Kilmore" title="Orrery and Kilmore">Orrery and Kilmore</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baronies_of_Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the baronies in County Cork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Baronies_of_Cork.jpg/90px-Baronies_of_Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Baronies_of_Cork.jpg/135px-Baronies_of_Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Baronies_of_Cork.jpg/180px-Baronies_of_Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3142" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="padding:0.3em 0 0.2em; 0; line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li>Other baronies of Ireland: <a href="/wiki/List_of_baronies_of_Ireland" title="List of baronies of Ireland">complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ireland_barony_templates" title="Category:Ireland barony templates">by county</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1749" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36647#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1749" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36647#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155369724">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204697/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJy8tMrVJtF83P8Wbx7vHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4090557-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79027115">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12357491x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12357491x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cork (Irsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0050243&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5112901">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007554798905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/fe9f7121-2934-46d6-86e4-c682621d84a6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032570198">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045263">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&oldid=1275020992">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cork_(city)&oldid=1275020992</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:6th-century_establishments_in_Ireland" title="Category:6th-century establishments in 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