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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>6 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>7 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>8 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9_September_–_"Friday_of_International_Protection"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9_September_–_"Friday_of_International_Protection""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>9 September – "Friday of International Protection"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9_September_–_"Friday_of_International_Protection"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>10 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>11 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>12 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>13 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>14 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>15 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_September_–_"Friday_of_Continuing_Until_We_Bring_Down_the_Regime"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_September_–_"Friday_of_Continuing_Until_We_Bring_Down_the_Regime""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>16 September – "Friday of Continuing Until We Bring Down the Regime"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_September_–_"Friday_of_Continuing_Until_We_Bring_Down_the_Regime"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>17 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>18 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>19 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>20 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>21 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-22_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#22_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>22 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-22_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-23_September_–_"Friday_of_Unification_Against_the_Regime"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#23_September_–_"Friday_of_Unification_Against_the_Regime""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>23 September – "Friday of Unification Against the Regime"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-23_September_–_"Friday_of_Unification_Against_the_Regime"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-25_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>25 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-28_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#28_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>28 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-28_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.24</span> <span>29 September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-30_September_–_"Friday_of_Victory_for_the_Levant_and_Yemen"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#30_September_–_"Friday_of_Victory_for_the_Levant_and_Yemen""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.25</span> <span>30 September – "Friday of Victory for the Levant and Yemen"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-30_September_–_"Friday_of_Victory_for_the_Levant_and_Yemen"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>October 2011</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-October_2011-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle October 2011 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-October_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>2 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>4 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>5 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-6_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>6 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_National_Council_as_our_Representative"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_National_Council_as_our_Representative""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>7 October – "Friday of the Syrian National Council as our Representative"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_National_Council_as_our_Representative"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>8 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>9 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>10 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>11 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>12 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>13 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Free_Army"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Free_Army""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>14 October – "Friday of the Free Army"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Free_Army"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>15 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>17 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>18 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>20 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Martyrs_of_the_Arab_Deadline"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Martyrs_of_the_Arab_Deadline""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>21 October – "Friday of the Martyrs of the Arab Deadline"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Martyrs_of_the_Arab_Deadline"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-23_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#23_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.18</span> <span>23 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-23_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-25_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.19</span> <span>25 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.20</span> <span>26 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-27_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#27_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.21</span> <span>27 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-27_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-28_October_–_"Friday_of_No-Fly_Zone"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#28_October_–_"Friday_of_No-Fly_Zone""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.22</span> <span>28 October – "Friday of No-Fly Zone"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-28_October_–_"Friday_of_No-Fly_Zone"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.23</span> <span>29 October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>November 2011</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-November_2011-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle November 2011 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-November_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>3 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4_November_–_"Friday_of_God_is_Greatest"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4_November_–_"Friday_of_God_is_Greatest""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>4 November – "Friday of God is Greatest"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4_November_–_"Friday_of_God_is_Greatest"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>7 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>8 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>10 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_November_–_"Friday_of_Freezing_Syria's_Arab_League_Membership"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_November_–_"Friday_of_Freezing_Syria's_Arab_League_Membership""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>11 November – "Friday of Freezing Syria's Arab League Membership"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_November_–_"Friday_of_Freezing_Syria's_Arab_League_Membership"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>12 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>13 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>14 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>15 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>16 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.13</span> <span>17 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_November_–_"Friday_of_the_Expulsion_of_the_Ambassadors"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_November_–_"Friday_of_the_Expulsion_of_the_Ambassadors""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.14</span> <span>18 November – "Friday of the Expulsion of the Ambassadors"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_November_–_"Friday_of_the_Expulsion_of_the_Ambassadors"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.15</span> <span>19 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.16</span> <span>20 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.17</span> <span>21 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-22_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#22_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.18</span> <span>22 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-22_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-23_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#23_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.19</span> <span>23 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-23_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-25_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.20</span> <span>25 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.21</span> <span>26 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-27_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#27_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.22</span> <span>27 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-27_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29_November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.23</span> <span>29 November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>December 2011</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-December_2011-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle December 2011 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-December_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>1 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_Buffer_Zone"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_Buffer_Zone""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2 December – "Friday of the Syrian Buffer Zone"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_Buffer_Zone"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>3 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>4 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>5 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>7 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>8 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Dignity_Strike"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Dignity_Strike""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>9 December – "Friday of the Dignity Strike"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Dignity_Strike"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>10 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>11 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>12 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-13_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>13 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>14 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>15 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Arab_League_Is_Killing_Us"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Arab_League_Is_Killing_Us""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>16 December – "Friday of the Arab League Is Killing Us"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Arab_League_Is_Killing_Us"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>18 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>19 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>20 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>21 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-22_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#22_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>22 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-22_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-23_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Protocol_of_Death"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#23_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Protocol_of_Death""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21</span> <span>23 December – "Friday of the Protocol of Death"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-23_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Protocol_of_Death"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-24_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#24_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.22</span> <span>24 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-24_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-25_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.23</span> <span>25 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.24</span> <span>26 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-27_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#27_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.25</span> <span>27 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-27_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-28_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#28_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.26</span> <span>28 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-28_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.27</span> <span>29 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-30_December_–_"Friday_of_the_March_to_the_Freedom_Squares"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#30_December_–_"Friday_of_the_March_to_the_Freedom_Squares""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.28</span> <span>30 December – "Friday of the March to the Freedom Squares"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-30_December_–_"Friday_of_the_March_to_the_Freedom_Squares"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-31_December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#31_December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.29</span> <span>31 December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-31_December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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war</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">January–April 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–August 2011</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">September–December 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">January–April 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–August 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">September–December 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">January–April 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–December 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">January–July 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">August–December 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">January–July 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">August–December 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">January–April 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–August 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">September–December 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">January–April 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–August 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">September–December 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">January–April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–August 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">September–December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">January–April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">September–December 2019</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2024)">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian civil war">Background and causes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map">map</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">Terrorism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; width: 25em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;;float:right; clear:right; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:300px; display:table;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CEE0F2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_uprising_in_Syria_(March–August_2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Civil uprising in Syria</a> (March–August 2011)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (May–August 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">Talkalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">1st Jisr ash-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">1st Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Latakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Start_of_insurgency_(Sept._2011_–_April_2012)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Start of insurgency</span></a> (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (2011–14)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive" title="2012 Homs offensive">Homs offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">1st Idlib Gov.</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">Syrian–Turkish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">1st Idlib City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saraqib" title="Battle of Saraqib">Saraqeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">1st Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932012)" title="Hama Governorate clashes (2011–2012)">Hama Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat & Tiyas ambush</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Gov.</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">1st Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">1st Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_Aleppo_Governorate_clashes" title="2012 Aleppo Governorate clashes">Aleppo Gov.</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(2012)" title="Battle of Azaz (2012)">Azaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">2nd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">1st al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">2nd Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UN_ceasefire;_Rebel_advances_(May_2012_–_Dec._2013)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">UN ceasefire</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">Rebel advances</a> (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">3rd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Northern_Homs" title="Siege of Northern Homs">Northern Homs</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Al-Tremseh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2012%E2%80%93April_2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013)">3rd Idlib Gov.</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">1st Damascus</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Bombing</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Base 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">1st Aleppo offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Canopus_Star" title="Operation Canopus Star">2nd Aleppo offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Syrian Kurdistan</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)">Hasaka campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (2013–2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nubl_and_al-Zahraa" title="Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa">Nubl & Al-Zahraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">2nd Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">1st Darayya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Abu_al-Duhur_Airbase" title="Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase">Abu al-Duhur Airbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">3rd Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(December_2012)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (December 2012)">1st Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">2nd Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Darayya_and_Muadamiyat" title="Siege of Darayya and Muadamiyat">Darayya & Muadamiyat</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">1st Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre_(2012)" title="Halfaya massacre (2012)">Halfaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">1st Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Shadadeh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">2nd Damascus</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">1st Raqqa campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">1st Raqqa</a>)</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">1st Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">4th Rif Dimashq</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadamon_massacre" title="Tadamon massacre">Tadamon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">2nd al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Siege of Eastern Ghouta">Eastern Ghouta</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">2nd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">1st Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maaloula" title="Battle of Maaloula">Ma'loula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">5th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">1st Qalamoun</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rise_of_ISIS_in_2014" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Rise of ISIS</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_in_Syria" title="2014 in Syria">2014</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">1st Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">2nd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">2nd Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">4th Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">2nd Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">2nd Qalamoun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)">Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">1st Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">1st Eastern Syria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">3rd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">6th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">1st Quneitra</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S.-led_intervention,_Rebel_and_ISIL_advances_(Sept._2014_–_Sept._2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">U.S.-led intervention</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">Rebel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">ISIL advances</a> (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">3rd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">2nd Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">2014 Idlib city raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Nusra–FSA conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">2nd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">1st Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(Syrian_civil_war)" title="Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)">3rd Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">4th Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama/Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Bosra</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">5th Idlib Gov</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">2nd Idlib city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_al-Fu%27ah_and_Kafriya" title="Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya">Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Nasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2nd Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">1st Northwestern Syria</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">3rd Qalamoun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">1st Palmyra</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_and_As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)">Daraa/As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">2nd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)">5th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (July 2015)">4th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2015)">2nd Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">2nd Palmyra</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghab_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)">Al-Ghab</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">1st al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_massacre_(2015)" title="Douma massacre (2015)">Douma market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">7th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuweires_offensive" title="Kuweires offensive">Kuweires offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_intervention_(Sept._2015_–_March_2016)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Russian intervention</span></a> (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(October_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (October 2015)">3rd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">2nd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">3rd Latakia offensive</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Su-24 shootdown</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">5th Aleppo offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">6th Aleppo offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hama_offensive" title="2015 Hama offensive">4th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">al-Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River_offensive" title="Orontes River offensive">Orontes River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">1st Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">1st Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">2nd Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">2nd Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Tanf offensive (2016)">Al-Tanf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">2nd Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">3rd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarat_al-Numan_(2016)" title="Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2016)">2nd Maarat al-Nu'man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aleppo_escalation_and_Euphrates_Shield_(March_2016_–_February_2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)"><span class="wrap">Aleppo escalation</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield"><span class="wrap"><i>Euphrates Shield</i></span></a> (March 2016 – February 2017)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">8th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Daraa offensive (March–April 2016)">6th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">9th–11th Aleppo offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dumayr_offensive_(April_2016)" title="Al-Dumayr offensive (April 2016)">Al-Dumayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">1st Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_bombings_(April%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo bombings (April–July 2016)">Aleppo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">8th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(2016)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (2016)">3rd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartus_bombings" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartus bombings">Jableh & Tartus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_airstrike" title="Tokhar airstrike">Tokhar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">9th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">12th–14th Aleppo offensives</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (June–July 2016)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(August%E2%80%93September_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)">14th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Latakia_offensive" title="2016 Latakia offensive">4th Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">1st Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd Al-Hasakah City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Northern al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Hama_offensive" title="2016 Hama offensive">5th Hama offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (September–October 2016)">1st Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Quneitra offensive (September 2016)">4th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">Deir ez-Zor airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">Aleppo aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">15th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Idlib_Governorate_clashes" title="October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes">1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)">16th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">2nd Raqqa campaign</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">17th Aleppo offensive</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">4th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">1st Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">5th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">4th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">18th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">7th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">8th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collapse_of_ISIS_in_Syria_(2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Collapse of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> in Syria (<a href="/wiki/2017_in_Syria" title="2017 in Syria">2017</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">Eastern Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">al-Jina mosque</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">6th Hama offensive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">US Shayrat strike</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April 2017 Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">2nd Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">2nd Raqqa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">9th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">5th Quneitra</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">4th Qalamoun</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">2nd Eastern Syria</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates_Crossing_offensive_(2017)" title="Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)">Euphrates Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2nd Abu Kamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">7th Hama offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rebels_in_retreat_and_Operation_Olive_Branch(Nov._2017_–_Sep._2018)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Rebels in retreat and <i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch"><span class="wrap">Operation Olive Branch</span></a></i><br />(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">3rd Northwestern Syria</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern Syria insurgency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarib_market_massacre" title="Atarib market massacre">Atarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">3rd Syrian Desert</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">5th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">1st Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">SDF insurgency</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">10th Rif Dimashq</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">2nd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">U.S.-led missile strikes</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">2nd Eastern Qalamoun</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">3rd Southern Damascus</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">House of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">1st As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2nd Southern Syria</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">2nd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">3rd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">2nd Qamishli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_demilitarization(Sep._2018_–_April_2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)"><span class="wrap">Idlib demilitarization</span></a><br />(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Sep. 2018 missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack#Retaliatory_missile_and_drone_strikes" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S. airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Idlib_offensive,_Operation_Peace_Spring,_&amp;_Second_Idlib_offensive_(April_2019_–_March_2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)"><span class="wrap">First Idlib offensive</span></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria"><span class="wrap">Operation Peace Spring</span></a></i>, & <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)"><span class="wrap">Second Idlib offensive</span></a> (April 2019 – March 2020)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">4th Northwestern</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">Raqqa & Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">2nd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Peace Spring</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2019)">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Kayla Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">Northern bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">3rd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">5th Northwestern</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Spring Shield</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">2nd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Daraa_clashes" title="March 2020 Daraa clashes">10th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_ceasefire_(March_2020_–_present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Qamishli & Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">4th Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_offensive" title="2021 Daraa offensive">11th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">3rd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwestern clashes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="March 2023 northeastern Syria clashes">3rd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">2nd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2023)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2023)">Deir ez-Zor (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" title="October 2023 Northern Syria clashes">3rd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Homs_drone_strike" title="2023 Homs drone strike">Homs drone strike</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_consulate_airstrike_in_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus">Iranian consulate airstrike</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_anti-Turkish_riots_in_Syria" title="2024 anti-Turkish riots in Syria">Anti-Turkish riots</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Aleppo_offensive_(2024)" title="Northwestern Aleppo offensive (2024)">Northwestern Aleppo offensive (2024)</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_War_spillover_and_international_incidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Syrian War spillover and international incidents</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon spillover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese–Syrian border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" title="2013 Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">Turkish F4 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian–Syrian border incidents</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 incident</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi–Syrian border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Spillover in Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">2017 Tehran attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Erbil_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Erbil attack">2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Spillover in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Su-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr Takharim airstrikes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li></ul> <hr /> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Spillover in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war"><span class="wrap">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> <p><b>Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israel and the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul> <p><b>U.S.-led intervention against ISIL</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">April 2018 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The following is a <b>timeline of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian uprising</a> from September to December 2011</b>. This period saw the uprising take on many of the characteristics of a civil war, according to several outside observers, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">armed elements</a> became better organized and began carrying out successful attacks in retaliation for the ongoing crackdown by the Syrian government on demonstrators and defectors.<sup id="cite_ref-nowin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="September_2011">September 2011</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: September 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1_September">1 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The attorney general of <a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama, Syria">Hama</a> resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> elements laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Duma,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duma, Syria">Douma</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> suburb, and killed a man in the central city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>. It claimed 360 civilians and 113 security officers were killed during the <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> crackdown of the previous month. Syrian troops reportedly conducted house-to-house searches in Hama.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3_September">3 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 3 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian army's fighter jets flew over Houla and Rastan. There were also reports that the Syrian army were deployed in Banyas and raided Tal Kalakh and regions of Deir az-Zour. Al-Arabiya also reported that several protests broke out in the country, adding that "thousands participated in the funeral of martyrs of <a href="/wiki/Arbin,_Syria" title="Arbin, Syria">Arbin</a>, near Damascus."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_September">4 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 4 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian activists said at least 13 people have been killed by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian army">Syrian army</a> during protests. The reported deaths came as the head of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> (ICRC) was due to meet with senior Syrian officials in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. Eight of the deaths occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a> province in the country's northwestern area, the Local Co-ordination Committees (LCC) said.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>State-run media claimed 5 soldiers, one army officer, and 3 civilians were killed when "terrorists" attacked a military bus in <a href="/wiki/Mhardeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mhardeh">Mhardeh</a> in the morning. The report said 3 of the "terrorists" were killed in a shootout, while one loyalist soldier and another gunman were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6_September">6 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 6 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Activists stated that Syrian security forces had killed two people as armoured vehicles came through the streets. Two mechanics were killed at their workplace in the town of al-Restan near <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, the Local Coordination Committee said. City residents were hiding in homes and offices to escape the gunfire, while armoured vehicles were "shooting toward anything moving", the LCC said, citing witnesses on the ground. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">United Nations secretary-general</a>, made his strongest remarks yet on the crackdown under way against Syrian anti-government protesters. Ban Ki-moon condemned the violence, which he said was being committed by President Bashar al-Assad's government. Ban called on Assad to take "bold and decisive measures before it's too late". "It's already too late, in fact," Ban said in New Zealand, where he was attending a meeting of Pacific leaders. "If it takes more and more days, then more people will be killed.", he went on to say. Ban also stated that it was time for United Nation members to unite and take "coherent measures".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> also witnessed a major demonstration after the sudden death of prominent Aleppine scholar and government critic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Salqini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Salqini (page does not exist)">Ibrahim Salqini</a>, though state-run media claimed he died of a heart attack. Tens of thousands of people attended his funeral march and chanted against the government, invoking revolutionary slogans such as "better death than humiliation", before security forces reportedly fired on them as they entered the city cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7_September">7 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 7 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citing "circumstances beyond our control", the Syrian government abruptly canceled <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Naril_Elaraby" class="mw-redirect" title="Naril Elaraby">Naril Elaraby</a>'s scheduled visit to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. Elaraby's office confirmed that the visit had been indefinitely postponed.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least 34 people were reported dead by Syrian activists in a tank assault on Homs that also involved about 20 truckloads of soldiers armed with live ammunition. Two more were reportedly killed in <a href="/wiki/Sarmin" title="Sarmin">Sarmin</a>, while one was killed in <a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama, Syria">Hama</a>. State-run media claimed two <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Syria)">Baath Party</a> officials were abducted by "terrorists" near <a href="/wiki/Al-Rastan" title="Al-Rastan">Al-Rastan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fresh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fresh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activists and locals reported that heavy machine-gun fire was heard in the Bab Dreib and Bostan Diwan neighbourhoods of Homs in the evening after at least 2,000 protesters marched toward the area from the Bab Tadmor district.<sup id="cite_ref-fresh_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fresh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activists claimed the city was facing an especially vigorous assault due to a recent spate of defections, with one activist saying about 40 soldiers in Homs defected after refusing to fire on protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_September">8 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 8 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Military vehicles rolled into the village of <a href="/wiki/Iblin,_Syria" title="Iblin, Syria">Ibleen</a> just after dawn in pursuit of defected soldiers, between three and five of whom were killed in the raid, according to a resident. Another resident told international media that five children under the age of 10 were among roughly a dozen villagers detained by troops in Ibleen.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SANA reported that six security officers were killed and three more wounded in the operation, which it characterised as a raid to target "armed terrorist groups" and seize stockpiles of weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-brother_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brother-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Homs, the army reportedly pelted the city with a heavy artillery barrage. Activists said areas where soldiers had been known to have defected were being targeted. At least 23 people were killed, residents told international media.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian opposition plan new mass Friday demonstrations, this time under the banner of "Friday of International Protection", referring to their campaign to get UN observers to monitor violence inside Syria, as a way to pressure the Syrian government.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9_September_–_"Friday_of_International_Protection""><span id="9_September_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_International_Protection.22"></span>9 September – "Friday of International Protection"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 9 September – "Friday of International Protection""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrians protested across the country, calling for international help to stop the crackdown. Large protests called "Friday for International Protection" were reported in cities including <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a> in the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> in the center of the country, and <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> in the east. "A 15-year-old boy was martyred when soldiers manning a checkpoint opened fire in the village of al-Rama, in Jabal al-Zawiyah," in the northwest, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said in a statement. The LCC said the boy was killed after he was injured with his brother by "random shooting" in the village.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, activists alleged 8 soldiers were executed after refusing to fire on unarmed demonstrators. At least 6 protesters were injured in Damascus, the LCC said.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The body of a defected soldier's 74-year-old brother, one of the people abducted by soldiers the previous morning in Ibleen, was returned to his family by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brother_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brother-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Altogether, 14 people were reported killed throughout Syria on 9 September.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10_September">10 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 10 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian police and soldiers allegedly killed 24 protesters,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including at least 12 in Homs alone,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Elaraby" title="Nabil Elaraby">Nabil Elaraby</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, met with Bashar al-Assad, urging him to stop violence and move forward with reforms. After the meeting, Elaraby announced that "a deal has been agreed to for reforms". The Syrian opposition were angered at Elaraby's meeting with Assad, arguing that "a deal for reform" is meaningless at this stage.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_September">11 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 11 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Troops surrounded several villages, including near the protest hubs of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a>, and conducted house-to-house raids and arrests. Sawasiah, a Syrian human rights organisation, claimed that at least 113 civilians had been killed over the past seven days, including three who were apparently tortured to death in military prisons. Leaders of the Syrian opposition again met in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and were scheduled to speak with a Paris-based Syrian academic by phone to discuss the unification of anti-government factions into a more cohesive political force.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citing activists in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said a woman was killed at midday by a stray bullet fired by security forces conducting arrests in the eastern town. It also said its sources in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> had reported a teenager wounded by a bullet while attending a funeral that was attacked by security personnel the previous day died as a result of his injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The body of Ghiyath Mattar, 26, was returned to his family in Daraya, a suburb of Damascus. Ghiyath played a key role in organizing antigovernment protests. A friend of Ghiyath who saw his upper body today said that there were bruises on the chest, and his face had traces of wounds. Security forces (most likely Air Force intelligence, according to friends and relatives) had detained Ghiyath on 6 September with another leading protest organizer in Daraya, Yahya Sharbaji.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12_September">12 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 12 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three prominent Syrian clerics of the Alawite sect, which President Bashar al-Assad belongs, have denounced the violence committed by the Syrian government against protesters. "We declare our innocence from these atrocities carried out by Bashar al-Assad and his aides who belong to all religious sects", Mohib Nisafi, Yassin Hussein and Mussa Mansour said in a joint statement from Homs. The three clerics denied state-media reports that members of the Shiite Alawite sect are being subjected to acts of killing and kidnapping in Homs, and said "The daily reports of kidnappings, killings and harassment of members of the Alawite sect are all untrue. They are designed and spread to cause divisions among people united against the regime".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, at least 26 civilians were killed in the Syrian government's ongoing crackdown on protesters, the Local Coordination Committees of Syria said. Among the dead was a 12-year-old boy shot to death when Syrian security forces fired on a funeral procession, according to the London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.. The funeral procession was for a protester killed on 11 September, the observatory said. In addition, 17 people were killed during operations by the military and security forces in Hama as authorities searched for wanted activists and demonstrators, the organization said.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13_September">13 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 13 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protesters in Deraa and Homs burned the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">flag</a> in protest over Russia's threatened veto of a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolution condemning Assad.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14_September">14 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 14 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian rights activists say security forces have opened fire in northwestern villages Wednesday in an ongoing effort to crush dissent as the government rejected an Arab League demand for an end to the crackdown. Rights activists said government troops fired heavy machine guns during raids on several villages in Idlib province near the Turkish border. They say security forces cut local communications, blocked roads and made arrests.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US ambassador <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephen_Ford" title="Robert Stephen Ford">Robert Stephen Ford</a> and representatives from France, Germany, Canada, Japan, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the UK and the EU in an unprecedented gesture of solidarity with Syria's protest movement took part in a vigil for a prominent human rights activist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghiyath_Mattar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghiyath Mattar (page does not exist)">Ghiyath Mattar</a> believed to have been killed under torture by security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_September">15 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 15 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A group of Syrian activists declared on Thursday a council representing a united front in opposition to al-Assad. About 140 figures, including exiled opponents and 70 dissidents inside Syria, were chosen as members of the new Syrian National Council, concluding a four-day meeting in the Turkish city of Istanbul. The council aims to help topple Assad within six months and form an interim government thereafter, Basma Kadmani, a Syrian exile living in France, announced.<sup id="cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.aljazeera.net-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mass protests are planned for Friday, under the banner of Friday of "continuing until we bring down the regime"<sup id="cite_ref-english.aljazeera.net_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.aljazeera.net-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16_September_–_"Friday_of_Continuing_Until_We_Bring_Down_the_Regime""><span id="16_September_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_Continuing_Until_We_Bring_Down_the_Regime.22"></span>16 September – "Friday of Continuing Until We Bring Down the Regime"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 16 September – "Friday of Continuing Until We Bring Down the Regime""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Syrian Revolution General Commission claimed at least 18 were killed when police and army forces fired on demonstrations in and around Deraa, Homs, and Hama, among other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LCC said it could confirm 19 deaths. Protests were reportedly attended by thousands, with anti-Assad rallies also springing up in Damascus and its suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia Governorate</a>. Thousands of <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Syrian Kurds</a> also demonstrated in the northeast, according to at least one activist. State-run media reported that one police officer was killed and four wounded when they were shot at in <a href="/wiki/Busra_al-Harir" title="Busra al-Harir">Busra al-Harir</a>, a village in <a href="/wiki/Deraa_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa Governorate">Deraa Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the day, the death toll had reached 45 protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17_September">17 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 17 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian opposition members called on President Bashar Assad Sunday to end his deadly six-month crackdown or face an escalation in peaceful protests, as security forces fired warning shots to disperse high school students calling for the regime's downfall. The weekend meeting drew more than 200 opposition figures, including leading writer Michel Kilo and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Abdul-Azim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan Abdul-Azim (page does not exist)">Hassan Abdul-Azim</a>, who heads the outlawed Arab Socialist Democratic Union party. It was also notable because it took place inside Syria, rather than in a neighboring country, as most others have. A statement released after the meeting called on Assad's regime to immediately end its "acts of repression," and it urged protesters to keep their movement peaceful and not be tempted to take up arms. The London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said a boy succumbed to his wounds in the southern city of <a href="/wiki/Al-Sanamayn" title="Al-Sanamayn">Sanamein</a> two days after being shot be security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_September">18 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 18 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 4 people were killed across Syria on Sunday, the Local Coordination Committees reported, as violence between protesters and Syrian security forces continued unabated. The LCC, an opposition activist group that organizes and documents anti-government demonstrations, said that 2 people were killed in <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a> and one person each in <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>. Among the dead was an 11-year-old child, who had been wounded in the head by gunfire, the LCC reported. In Daraa province, security forces arrested activists suspected of participating in protests, the group said.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19_September">19 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 19 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The General Organisation for the Syrian Revolution said 13 people were killed in Syria throughout the day, including children and defected soldiers, in places including Deraa, Hama, Homs, and Latakia governorates. Thirty were reportedly arrested in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sahl_al-Hawla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sahl al-Hawla (page does not exist)">Sahl al-Hawla</a> and 20 were injured. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Bayadha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Bayadha (page does not exist)">al-Bayadha</a>, defected soldiers staged a hit-and-run attack on three army tanks, but it was unclear whether they caused any significant damage. Schoolchildren in Deraa were truant, protesting and refusing to return to school until Assad left power. In <a href="/wiki/Harasta" title="Harasta">Harasta</a>, outside <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, army vehicles blocked the expressway to <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> for unknown reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-blockade_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blockade-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iraq also announced that it has requested Bashar Assad to step down.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_September">20 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 20 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The White House says U.S. President Barack Obama and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Turkish Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Recep Tayyip Erdogan">Recep Tayyip Erdogan</a> have agreed to "increase pressure" on the Syrian regime to end the violence against antigovernment protesters. The U.S. and Turkish leaders discussed Syria in a meeting on 20 September on the sidelines of the annual UN General Assembly in New York. UN officials have estimated that pro-Assad forces have killed some 2,700 people since the uprising against the regime started in March, including at least 100 children.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Speaking separately in New York, the foreign minister of Syria's neighbor Iraq said a change of regime in Syria appears inevitable. Tanks surrounded the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Kiswa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kiswa">al-Kiswa</a>, opposition activists claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-blockade_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blockade-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21_September">21 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 21 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prime Minister Erdogan of Turkey announced that Turkey has cut of all relations and contacts with Syria, and is considering joining in on the sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="22_September">22 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 22 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Syrian opposition announced its intention for another Friday of protests, this time under the banner <b>Friday of Unification against the Regime</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="23_September_–_"Friday_of_Unification_Against_the_Regime""><span id="23_September_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_Unification_Against_the_Regime.22"></span>23 September – "Friday of Unification Against the Regime"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 23 September – "Friday of Unification Against the Regime""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protesters took to the street, with protests occurring in Hama, Homs, Damascus, Aleppo, and Daraa. 50,000 attended an anti-government march in Homs. 12 protesters across Syria were killed by security forces. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_international" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnesty international">Amnesty international</a> announced the death and mutilation of an 18-year-old girl in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian army">Syrian army</a>. The girl's body was returned to her mother by the Syrian army, and the corpse had clear signs of torture, including skin ripped off and her arms cut off.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> continued to attempt to alienate the Syrian government, and has announced that it will be enforcing an <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> on Syria, and confiscate any weapon deliveries to Syria by ship. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> also toughened sanctions against the Syrian government, while <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> established a ban on Syrian oil imports on Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Free_Officers_Movement_(Syria)" title="Free Officers Movement (Syria)">Free Officers Movement</a> consisting of defected officers from the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a> joined the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>, with the latter becoming the main armed opposition group in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="25_September">25 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 25 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria pressed on with a crackdown on anti-regiment dissent Sunday, dispatching troop reinforcements to the flashpoint province of Homs and security forces near Damascus, activists said. "Military reinforcements were sent to Rastan, deploying around the building housing military security, and others to Qusseir," a town on the border with Lebanon, they said. The Syrian army had strengthened its presence in Qusseir on Saturday and previous days after many civilians tried to flee the area to escape the violence. The deployments come a day after activists reported that security forces had killed 12 civilians in Qusseir, in the central province of Homs, and one more in Hama, further north. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights which carried the toll said that the 12 civilians were killed in Qusseir during raids for people wanted by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="28_September">28 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 28 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces killed at least 76 people in the past five days as part of a crackdown on protests against President Bashar al-Assad's government, a human rights activist said. At least seven people were killed today in the central governorate of Homs, following the death of 15 protesters yesterday there and in Hama, the northern province of Idlib and in the southern area of Daraa, where the uprising against Assad began in March, Mahmoud Merhi, head of the Arab Organization for Human Rights, said by phone today. State media said "terrorists" killed General Nael al-Dakhil, deputy chief of the chemistry faculty at <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Al-Baath</a> University in Homs, and Mohammad Ali Akeel, deputy dean of its architecture faculty. Activists said security forces murdered them after they expressed opposition to the crackdown. Homs is a focal point of the uprising against Assad's government and the hometown of his wife, Asma.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29_September">29 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 29 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> claimed to have destroyed 17 loyalist tanks in the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Rastan" title="Al-Rastan">Rastan</a>, and there were reports of more defections occurring with the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a>, raising fears that civil war could break out.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 38 loyalist soldiers were injured in <a href="/wiki/Al-Rastan" title="Al-Rastan">Rastan</a>, some critically.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Harmoush battalion also reported that it killed 80 loyalist soldiers in fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 100 "pro-Assad" protesters attempted to attack the U.S. ambassador's convoy, but Ambassador Ford and his convoy remained unharmed in the incident. Security forces killed 17 protesters throughout Syria, and the opposition prepared for a new Friday of Protests, under the Banner of <b>Friday of Victory for the Levant and Yemen</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="30_September_–_"Friday_of_Victory_for_the_Levant_and_Yemen""><span id="30_September_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_Victory_for_the_Levant_and_Yemen.22"></span>30 September – "Friday of Victory for the Levant and Yemen"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 30 September – "Friday of Victory for the Levant and Yemen""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces have clashed with protesters, killing at least 30 people as tens of thousands have rallied across the country calling for President Bashar al-Assad to step down, activists say. There were reports that the security forces opened fire on protesters at several of the demonstrations on Friday, and that there were also clashes between troops who have joined the protesters and those loyal to Assad. Protests were reported in suburbs of Damascus, the capital, as well as in the southern province of Deraa, the northwestern province of Idlib, in Hama, Homs and several other cities. </p><p>An opposition activist, speaking to Al Jazeera on condition of anonymity, described the scene at one protest in Damascus:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The area where I stay now, a protest went around and it was soon attacked by security forces, and the attack included batons, hitting with batons, some gas bombs and later live ammunition that was shot all around. At least one person was injured. Later, after that, we could see a number of soldiers – we could see a clash between the soldiers and the security forces. And my friends confirmed that eight soldiers at least defected and shot back on the security forces.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="October_2011">October 2011</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: October 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2_October">2 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 2 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chairman <a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> announced that an agreement had been reached in the aims and structure of the SNC. This followed two days of talks in Turkey. <a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a>, the appointed spokesperson for the SNC, stated that a general assembly of 190 members will be convened in November, along with a 29-strong general secretariat representing seven Syrian opposition factions.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcoctober2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcoctober2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the constituent members groups of the SNC are the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, the signatories of the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a> and members of the Higher Syrian Revolutionary Council.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news was reportedly welcomed with a rally in <a href="/wiki/Jisr_ash-Shugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Jisr ash-Shugur">Jisr ash-Shugur</a>, according to pro-opposition <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shams_News_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shams News Network (page does not exist)">Shams News Network</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, the government in Damascus announced its retaking of Rastan, while members of the Free Syrian Army announced their retreat from the town. Anti-Assad activists told the BBC that 250 tanks had been sent into the town by the Assad government, and that 50 of those vehicles had left on 2 October.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcoctober2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcoctober2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saria Hassoun, son of Syria's Grand Mufti Sheikh Ahmad Badreddin Hassoun, was reportedly shot dead near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibla_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibla University (page does not exist)">Ibla University</a> on the road between <a href="/wiki/Idleb" class="mw-redirect" title="Idleb">Idleb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. Also killed in the ambush was a professor of History at <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo University">Aleppo University</a>, Dr. Mohammad al-Omar; both were taken to Idleb National Hospital, where they were pronounced dead. SANA blamed the deaths on "armed terrorist groups"; Al-Arabiya linked the incident to a spate of killings by armed dissidents of suspected Assad regime informers, most of whom were academicians, and that Syria was veering toward civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French first lady <a href="/wiki/Carla_Bruni" title="Carla Bruni">Carla Bruni</a>-Sarkozy called for the release of Syria's first female practicing psychoanalyst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafah_Nashed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafah Nashed (page does not exist)">Rafah Nashed</a>, who was arrested en route to Paris in September. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez_Fr%C3%ADas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Chávez Frías">Hugo Chávez</a> reiterated his support for both deposed Libyan strongman <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> and Assad, calling them "brothers" and backing Assad against "an aggression from Yankee imperialists and their European allies".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rallies were reported in <a href="/wiki/Hirak,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirak, Syria">Hirak</a>, Jabal az-Zawiya, Talmans, Jarjanaz, Maarat Horma, Kafr Takhareem, Bansh, Sermeen, Saraqeb, Hass, Jassem, Teebat al-Imam, Houran, Taseel, and Dael. Security forces reportedly killed six civilians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_October">4 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 4 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> in New York, China and Russia vetoed sanctions against Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hours later, Turkey threatened unilateral sanctions,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and announced war games along the border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_October">5 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 5 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Activists say Syrian troops have stormed villages close to the border with Turkey in pursuit of army defectors, and that at least three people and four soldiers died in clashes there. Military operations were centered around the Jabal al-Zawiya region where defectors from the Syrian military are known to be active.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Damascus, residents sabotaged the main square's fountain, making the water turn red to symbolize "the blood of martyrs", referring to slain protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two Syrian Army tanks entered the Bekaa border town of Arsal on the Lebanese side of the border, and fired at an abandoned battery factory, suspecting that armed men were hiding inside.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6_October">6 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 6 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> invades <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> for the second time in two days and shoots up several farmhouses, killing one person, before retreating back across the border.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Protesters plan to launch new Friday demonstrations, this time under the banner of <b>Friday of the Syrian National Council as our Representative</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Syrian State news, a retired Brigadier General was captured and assassinated by "armed terrorists".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_National_Council_as_our_Representative""><span id="7_October_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Syrian_National_Council_as_our_Representative.22"></span>7 October – "Friday of the Syrian National Council as our Representative"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 7 October – "Friday of the Syrian National Council as our Representative""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 21 people were killed by security forces amid protests by tens of thousands to support the SNC, according to activists.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deaths occurred in <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>, the Douma section of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, and Zabadani. Protests were largest in <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_Ezzor" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir Ezzor">Deir Ezzor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a>, Homs, and suburban Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syrian Kurdish activist <a href="/wiki/Mashaal_Tammo" title="Mashaal Tammo">Mashaal Tammo</a> was assassinated in his flat by masked gunmen, an attack blamed on Syrian security forces by anti-government activists. Tens of thousands of Kurds took to the streets in Qamishli after Tammo's death and gathered outside the hospital where his body was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian President Dmitry Medvedev says Syria's leaders should step down if they cannot enact reforms, but warns the West not to try to push Assad from power.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_October">8 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 8 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 50,000 mourners marched through the streets of Qamishli, a city in the Kurdish north-east, to mark Tammo's funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 14 people were killed after security forces opened fire on the mourners.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9_October">9 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 9 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eight loyalist soldiers were ambushed and killed by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> in attacks on three army posts in <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>. Syrian Foreign Minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walid_al-Moualem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walid al-Moualem (page does not exist)">Walid al-Moualem</a> warned foreign governments not to recognise the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a>, saying, "We will take tough measures against any state which recognizes this illegitimate council."<sup id="cite_ref-31-syria_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31-syria-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10_October">10 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: 10 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 17 soldiers and at least 14 civilians were killed, most of them in <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, where loyalists clashed with <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">defectors</a>. Security forces arrested 27 people, it reported. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> issued a statement hailing the SNC, but made no move to recognise the council as the legitimate representative of Syria as it did the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> in Libya.<sup id="cite_ref-31-syria_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31-syria-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_October">11 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: 11 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tens of thousands of Syrians rallied in Damascus in a show of support for Assad, though the opposition alleged the pro-regime rally was staged and did not reflect popular opinion.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12_October">12 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 12 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the southern village of Harra, at least six loyalist soldiers and two defected soldiers were killed after an ambush against loyalists in the town square. The northwestern town of Bannish was also the scene of clashes between loyalist and rebel army units;<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the military flew 13 aircraft over the city of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, for unknown reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13_October">13 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: 13 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 20 people have been killed in renewed clashes across Syria, as the European Union decided on a new set of sanctions on President Bashar al-Assad's government. The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said on Thursday that 10 civilians were killed in the town of Banash in the northern province of Idlib when soldiers loyal to President Bashar al-Assad stormed the town of Binish and fought battles with gunmen and army deserters. "The Syrian army backed by tanks and armoured troop carriers launched an assault this morning on the town of Banash and clashes took place with armed men who were apparently dissidents," the rights group said. The group said that the army also launched an attack on Taum village, in the province's east. "Several houses were partly destroyed and people were wounded... while the noise of heavy machineguns and explosions could be heard in several parts of the town and ambulances seen racing through the streets." In the southern province of Deraa, where the six-month wave of protests against Assad first erupted, the group said that six soldiers and two army deserters were killed in a clash in the town of Haara, alongside one civilian. Another soldier was killed in the central city of Homs.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Free_Army""><span id="14_October_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Free_Army.22"></span>14 October – "Friday of the Free Army"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: 14 October – "Friday of the Free Army""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces shot dead at least six protesters on Friday during large anti-government demonstrations emboldened by growing international pressure on President <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>, activists said. The shootings occurred in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, Syria's second city, and in the suburbs of the capital <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, they said. Separately, at least 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a> marched in the city of <a href="/wiki/Qamishli" title="Qamishli">Qamishli</a> near <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> in honor of <a href="/wiki/Mashaal_Tammo" title="Mashaal Tammo">Mashaal Tammo</a>, a Kurdish leader who was killed earlier this month, activists said. Tammo's supporters say the authorities were behind that killing, which has fueled outrage on the streets after seven months of political upheaval in Syria. Several thousand people also marched in the town of <a href="/wiki/Hirak,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirak, Syria">Hirak</a> in the southern Hauran Plain, which was the first region to be stormed by tanks and troops at the beginning of the uprising in an effort to put it down. In the central city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, video footage showed thousands of people rallying in the al-Khalidya neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of people killed in Syria in violence related to protests against President Bashar al-Assad's government has now reached more than 3,000, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> human rights chief has said, as she has called for "the international community to take immediate measures to protect the Syrian people".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_October">15 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: 15 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian forces shot dead two mourners when they fired at a funeral in central Damascus for a 10-year-old child killed during a protest a day earlier, a witness said. Some mourners began throwing stones at the security forces, who fired live ammunition back, the witness told Reuters news agency by phone from the scene in the Maidan district on Saturday. "Passions were running high. The body was wrapped in white and thousands behind it were chanting 'the people want the execution of the president' and 'we will be free despite you Bashar'," the witness said. The child, Ibrahim Sheiban, was killed in a protest in the Qadam suburb of Damascus. His funeral took place in Maidan, an old, socially conservative district of the capital, because his family is originally from there, the witness, a private sector employee who did not want to be further identified, said. <a href="/wiki/Monzer_Makhous" title="Monzer Makhous">Monzer Makhous</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a>, a coalition of opposition groups, told Al Jazeera that the Maidan area is known for its opposition against Assad's government. "That's why the security forces have shown such a large presence in this neighbourhood. <sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17_October">17 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: 17 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian troops killed 21 people during search operations in the flashpoint central city of Homs on Monday, a human rights group said. "Twenty-one people, some civilians and others police officers, were killed in Homs on Monday during operations by the army and the security services in several neighbourhoods of the city," the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. Troops shot dead two other civilians, one in Idlib province in the northwest and the other a 13-year-old boy in Hama, a protest centre north of Homs, the Britain-based watchdog said. Seven soldiers were also killed in clashes with gunmen suspected of being army defectors in Homs province, the Observatory reported earlier. It added that 20 soldiers fled into nearby orchards after those exchanges.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_October">18 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: 18 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The LCC said 25 doctors and pharmacists had been detained in recent weeks because they had provided medical treatment to protesters injured at demonstrations. The security forces require hospitals to report on those who seek treatment for gunshot wounds, prompting many civilians injured at protests to resort to makeshift clinics erected in private homes where facilities are minimal. The human rights advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Avaaz" title="Avaaz">Avaaz</a> said it had identified 57 patients who had been detained by the security forces from their beds in hospitals in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lattakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lattakia">Lattakia</a> as a result of the reporting requirement. In addition, it said, the government-sponsored militias known as <a href="/wiki/Shabiha" title="Shabiha">Shabiha</a> have used <a href="/wiki/Red_Crescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Crescent">Red Crescent</a> ambulances to shoot at demonstrators.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_October">20 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: 20 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were more clashes between army loyalists and defectors across Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clashes apparently occurred in the town on Burhaniya near <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> leading to at least five civilian deaths as well as the death of several loyalist soldiers and the destruction of 2 military vehicles. The opposition also plans another round of Friday protests, this time under the banner of <b>Friday of the Matyrs of the Arab deadline</b>, referring to the deaths of protesters since the <a href="/wiki/Arab_league" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab league">Arab league</a> declared a "two-week deadline" for reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21_October_–_"Friday_of_the_Martyrs_of_the_Arab_Deadline""><span id="21_October_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Martyrs_of_the_Arab_Deadline.22"></span>21 October – "Friday of the Martyrs of the Arab Deadline"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: 21 October – "Friday of the Martyrs of the Arab Deadline""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deaths have been reported during the latest protests in Syria, including up to 16 in the flashpoint central city of Homs, according to activist groups. Two people were shot dead on Friday in Homs by security forces manning a checkpoint, while 14 more were killed by security forces as they participated in mass protests, many celebrating the death of former Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, the opposition Local Co-ordination Committees said. Another civilian died when security forces opened fire on a funeral procession in the southern Deraa region, one of the focal points of opposition to Syrian President Bashar al Assad's government and two more people died in the central province of Hama, according to the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Activists and residents said Syrian authorities have stepped up security in several cities and towns including the Damascus suburbs and Talbiseh near Homs. "(There is an) unprecedented presence of security today with snipers on rooftops and roadblocks inside the suburb", an activist in Damascus suburb of <a href="/wiki/Saqba" title="Saqba">Saqba</a> said. Demonstrations also broke out in the ethnically Kurdish regions of Qamishli, Derbaseyeh, Malikiya and Amouda. In the town of Houla northwest of Homs, a crowd of several thousands held shoulders and waved <a href="/wiki/File:Syria-flag_1932-58_1961-63.svg" title="File:Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg">old Syrian flags</a> dating to before Assad's <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Syria)">Baath party</a> took power in a coup 48 years ago. "Doctor (Assad), you are next!" read banners carried by the villagers, according to live video footage. Demonstrations also flared in Homs, the provincial capital 140 km (85 miles) north of Damascus, where three members of one family were also shot dead at an army roadblock in Bab Sbaa district on their way to prayers, local activists said.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="23_October">23 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: 23 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria's military clampdown on protest hubs, and skirmishes pitting soldiers against gunmen, believed to be defectors, killed at least 11 people on Saturday, activists said. Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Syria's key ally, took a tougher stance against the regime of President Bashar al-Assad, openly condemning its crackdown on dissent that has left more than 3,000 people dead, most of them civilians, according to the United Nations. Iranian <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a> condemned the "killings and massacre" in Syria in an interview with CNN, in the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a>'s strongest criticism of its neighbor's deadly repression of protests calling for greater freedom and the fall of the Assad regime.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="25_October">25 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: 25 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clashes occurred in the northwestern town of <a href="/wiki/Maarat_al-Numaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maarat al-Numaan">Maarat al-Numaan</a> on 25 October between loyalists and defected soldiers at a roadblock on the edge of the town. The defectors launched an assault on the government-held roadblock in retaliation against a raid on their positions the previous night.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least seven Syrian security agents, including an officer, and possibly as many as 10 were killed in the ambush, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="26_October">26 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: 26 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights in London said 19 people were killed in Syria, including seven civilians shot by security forces in the <a href="/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a> as well as nine loyalist soldiers killed in a rocket attack attributed to <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">defectors</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> delegation led by Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Nabil_al-Arabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabil al-Arabi">Nabil al-Arabi</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> for talks.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="27_October">27 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: 27 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were protests in Damascus in support of the Syrian National Council whilst some analysts began describing the situation as the beginning of a "sectarian war".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="28_October_–_"Friday_of_No-Fly_Zone""><span id="28_October_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_No-Fly_Zone.22"></span>28 October – "Friday of No-Fly Zone"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 28 October – "Friday of No-Fly Zone""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>36 people were reported killed in Syria, most of them in Hama, whilst thousands of protesters marched demanding a no-fly zone be implemented, such as the one in Libya. Over 100 people were wounded and 500 arrested. Despite the threat of violence, around 170 protests took place on Friday, the traditional day of protest.<sup id="cite_ref-channelnewsasia.com_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channelnewsasia.com-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State media claimed that armed gangs assaulted the main police station in Homs, which activists attributed to defectors from the army.<sup id="cite_ref-channelnewsasia.com_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channelnewsasia.com-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Lebanese official claimed that Syrian soldiers were laying landmines along the border between Syria and Lebanon near illegal border crossings.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A former consultant to Bashar Al Assad claimed that if the crackdown on protestors continued, that Syria would soon slide into a civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were reports of 17 pro Assad soldiers being killed in clashes with the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> in Homs.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29_October">29 October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 29 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tanks and artillery blasted the Homs neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Baba_Amr" title="Baba Amr">Baba Amr</a>, the site of a 90-man defection from the Syrian security forces two days before, causing several casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights claimed that 20 soldiers died and 53 were injured in clashes between loyalist troops and "presumed deserters" in Baba Amr as well.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="November_2011">November 2011</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: November 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2_November">2 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: 2 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces shot dead at least 11 villagers they had stopped at a roadblock northwest of the central city of Homs, local activists said on Wednesday, while President Bashar al-Assad approved an Arab League plan to end the crackdown.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3_November">3 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: 3 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 19 people have reportedly been killed in the flashpoint city of Homs, as Syrian security forces bombarded residential areas with tanks. This comes a day after the government approved an Arab League plan to completely halt its violent crackdown.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_November_–_"Friday_of_God_is_Greatest""><span id="4_November_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_God_is_Greatest.22"></span>4 November – "Friday of God is Greatest"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: 4 November – "Friday of God is Greatest""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 20 people have been reported killed by Syrian security forces as massive anti-government demonstrations took place across the country following Friday prayers. Four civilians were reported to have been killed after security forces opened fire on protesters in the district of <a href="/wiki/Kanakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanakir">Kanakir</a> in the capital, Damascus. Two protesters were reported killed in Hama, and one in the city of Hamouriya, not far from Damascus. Two others were reported killed trying to cross the border and flee into Jordan, according to reports. Six reported deaths in the Baba Amr area of Homs on Friday came a day after 22 civilians were reportedly killed there in a military crackdown. "Syrian security forces continue to shell and launch attacks on Bab Amr district," said Al Jazeera's Nisreen El-Shamayleh, reporting from Jordan. "At least 10 people were injured, but ambulances were prevented from entering the area to reach the wounded. And we are hearing reports that planes are still hovering over the district," El-Shamayleh said. In the port city of Latakia, an activist said he counted 13 security trucks surrounding the main Arsalan mosque. He said at least three protesters were wounded by security forces firing in front of the Bazar mosque in the centre of the city. "They were hit and taken by the security forces. In front of every mosque in Latakia there are several hundred security personnel carrying either batons, handguns, or automatic rifles," the activist said.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 126 unidentified bodies were taken during the past three days to Al-Watani Hospital in Homs, Syria, a doctor there told CNN. The trauma physician did not want to be identified out of fear of retribution by government forces, who were at the hospital. Eight of the bodies were burnt, he said Saturday, adding that the deaths have not been reported in the state-run news media.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7_November">7 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: 7 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria's opposition has appealed for international intervention in the central city of Homs, one of the focal points of the country's uprising, calling it a "humanitarian disaster area". The appeal, issued by the Turkey-based Syrian National Council, came as activists reported that at least 11 people were killed across the country on Monday, including two children, in an ongoing crackdown on anti-government protesters by security forces. Activists said that at least eight of the dead were in Homs where hundreds of residents protested against the rule of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, adding that government troops stormed several areas and made house-to-house arrests. Heavy artillery clashes erupted between regime forces and presumed army defectors in Homs, activists reported, saying it was the fifth day of a "brutal siege on the brave city". More than 110 people have been killed in the past week in Homs according to the Local Co-ordination Committees activist network.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_November">8 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: 8 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hama, around 50 km north of Homs, tanks and armoured vehicles could be seen moving towards the city centre as snipers and armed government supporters surrounded a medical complex and the headquarters of the ruling Baath Party, the LCC said. The activist network reported that five people were killed in Hama. Explosions and heavy gunfire could be heard in the city, and electricity and internet services had been disabled, they said.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10_November">10 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: 10 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces raided homes and clashes erupted between soldiers and army defectors Thursday, killing at least 21 people across the country, including an 8-year-old girl and six soldiers, activists from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. In some of the attacks, security forces opened fire as they conducted raids in search of dissidents in areas including the suburbs of the capital, Damascus, Deir ez-Zor, Hama, Daraa, and Homs.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_November_–_"Friday_of_Freezing_Syria's_Arab_League_Membership""><span id="11_November_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_Freezing_Syria.27s_Arab_League_Membership.22"></span>11 November – "Friday of Freezing Syria's Arab League Membership"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: 11 November – "Friday of Freezing Syria's Arab League Membership""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As least 30 civilians were killed by the Syrian security forces and army troops, according to Syrian activists. Most of the victims were reported in the restive city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> renewed accusations of the regime's crimes against humanity. The deaths came amid mass anti-regime rallies demanding the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> suspend Syria's membership in the pan-Arab body to sanction its brutal, eight-month crackdown on dissent. Security forces broke up demonstrations in al-Malaab, a main thoroughfare in Homs, but rallies relocated and mushroomed, engulfing eight neighborhoods, including Al-Bayada, al-Ghuta and Baba Amr, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said in a statement from Nicosia, according to AFP. In the northwestern province of <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, demonstrations erupted after the weekly Muslim midday prayers. The Observatory also reported mass protests in Idlib's Sheikhun in the wake of a "retreat by security forces from government buildings following violent clashes" and that "security forces unleashed heavy gunfire to disperse demonstrations", in the eastern oil hub of Deir al-Zor. In <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, security forces deployed on the streets of <a href="/wiki/Barzeh,_Syria" title="Barzeh, Syria">Barzeh</a> and posted snipers on rooftops, after a wave of arrests and deadly violence shook the capital's neighborhood. In the town of Busret al-Sham, in <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a> province, cradle of the revolt, "security forces shot dead one person", the Observatory said.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12_November">12 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: 12 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> announced it would suspend Syria effective 16 November over the violent crackdown and promised new sanctions, while also urging member states to withdraw ambassadors from Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatari</a> embassies were attacked by crowds in Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> and French consulates in <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a> were also attacked by crowds.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13_November">13 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: 13 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hundreds of thousands of supporters of the Assad regime protested against the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> decision. Protests against the Arab Leagues decision occurred in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartus" title="Tartus">Tartus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Syrian security forces on Sunday pressed a crackdown on dissent, killing five people in the central cities of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>, rights activists said, adding two loyalist soldiers were killed in an ambush. "Security forces opened fire killing four people in Hama," the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said in an email received in Nicosia. In the central city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, government snipers killed one person on Cairo Street in the early morning, said the Observatory, which reported a similar incident in the same place the previous day. Meanwhile, engineering students were injured by a "round of mortar" fire which hit their faculty building in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Baath</a> University, also in Homs, the same source added. Two civilians, one in Homs and the other in Hama, died from gunshot wounds suffered the previous day. Suspected army defectors ambushed and killed 2 loyalist soldiers patrolling town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr,_Syria" title="Al-Qusayr, Syria">Qusayr</a>, near Homs, the Observatory said.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the day, Syrian security forces had killed 26 people throughout Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14_November">14 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: 14 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 16 people were killed in clashes in and around <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a>, while three were killed in <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and one was killed and 11 wounded in <a href="/wiki/Saramein" class="mw-redirect" title="Saramein">Saramein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Activists said the army killed 20 people in an attack on Khirbet Ghazaleh near the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> border, including both civilians and armed fighters. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> agreed to expand sanctions against regime officials, while <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> said he believed the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>'s suspension was a ploy by Western states to destabilise Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Troops backed by armor killed 20 people, army defectors, insurgents and civilians, in an assault on Khirbet Ghazaleh in the Hauran Plain, and in fighting that ensued near the town. A similar number of troops were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_November">15 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: 15 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The death toll rose to 70 people as fighting continued into 15 November, activists reported. The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said on Tuesday that 27 civilians were shot dead by security forces and 34 soldiers as well as 12 suspected army deserters were killed in clashes. Most of the victims were killed in the southern flashpoint province of <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a>, the observatory said in a statement. "Twenty-three people were shot dead by security forces posted along the road between the towns of Kherbet Ghazale and Hirak," the statement said. At least four other civilians were killed by security force fire in the city of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, a protest hub in central Syria, the rights group reported.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jordanian embassy in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> was attacked by Assad loyalists after <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a> criticized the violence and called for <a href="/wiki/Al-Assad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> to stepdown. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> calls for <a href="/wiki/UN_peacekeepers" class="mw-redirect" title="UN peacekeepers">UN peacekeepers</a> into Syria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16_November">16 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: 16 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to opposition sources, Syrian army deserters attacked a military intelligence office in Harasta, near the capital Damascus, killing six soldiers and wounding more than 20. "The Syrian Free Army struck with rockets and <a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">RPGs</a>" said Omar Idlibi, the Beirut-based spokesperson for the opposition Syrian Local Co-ordination Committees. Army defectors also killed eight soldiers and wounded dozens in an attack on a security checkpoint in the town of Kafr Zeta in Hama, the London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.<sup id="cite_ref-news24.com_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news24.com-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further 17 civilians were killed when Syrian troops fired on anti-government protesters in several areas of the country, according to the opposition General Syria Revolution Committees. The bulk of the deaths were in the restive provinces of Homs and Idlib, where residents engaged in acts of civil disobedience to protest the government crackdown.<sup id="cite_ref-news24.com_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news24.com-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17_November">17 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: 17 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jordan and China add to pressure on Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syrian security forces shot dead 13 people, including nine civilians and four army defectors.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syria's army is planting mines along the border of Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany, Britain, France seek UN action against Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_November_–_"Friday_of_the_Expulsion_of_the_Ambassadors""><span id="18_November_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Expulsion_of_the_Ambassadors.22"></span>18 November – "Friday of the Expulsion of the Ambassadors"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: 18 November – "Friday of the Expulsion of the Ambassadors""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces shot dead at least 20 people on Friday as they opened fire to disperse protesters urging countries to expel Syria's ambassadors, activists told Al Arabiya, as <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Kremlin">Russia</a> called for restraint over the Damascus crisis. Large anti-government protests occurred in the Damascus suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, Homs, Hama, Deir Ezzor, and Daraa. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported Friday that three people were killed in the Damascus countryside, while two were shot in the central protest city of Homs and another in the restive city of Hama, also in the center of the country. Five people, including a 14-year-old boy, were also shot dead in the southern town of Deraa, cradle of the uprising against Assad's autocratic regime, said the Britain-based Observatory. Around 30 people were shot and wounded in Homs, in the Damascus suburb of Harasta and in Maaret Numan in the northwestern province of Idlib, the Observatory and the opposition Local Coordination Committees (LCC) reported, according to AFP. The Syrian government has said it would agree to foreign observers but with conditions. The Arab League has not given an official response yet.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19_November">19 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: 19 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Arab League deadline for Damascus expired, while Syrian security forces killed at least 12 civilians, including two children, and in addition to the 25 protesters the local coordination committees said were killed on Saturday.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_November">20 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: 20 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were reports of rocket-propelled grenades fired at the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Syria)">Baath Party</a> building in central Damascus by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21_November">21 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: 21 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least four people were killed on Monday as Syrian security forces carried out raids in and around the flashpoint central city of Homs, rights and activist groups reported. "Two people were killed and 7 others were wounded in Homs while 2 others died and 8 were wounded in (nearby) Qusair by gunfire during raids on Monday morning by the army and security forces," said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. The military also raided the towns of Karnaz, Latalmleh and Kafar Nabude in the central province of Hama, the Britain-based Observatory said in a statement received in Nicosia.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="22_November">22 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: 22 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Britain, France and Germany asked the United Nations to pass a resolution condemning Syrian violence against opposition protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="23_November">23 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: 23 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> assured Syrian opposition forces that <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> powers are considering to launch an intervention by imposing "humanitarian corridors or humanitarian zones" in the name of protecting civilians from the alleged abuses of the Assad regime. </p><p>The Al-Arabia network reports that 12 people were killed in clashes between Syrian security forces and anti-regime demonstrators.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="25_November">25 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: 25 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Friday protests were held, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, China, and their partners in the <a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a> group of emerging economies urged Syria to start talks with the opposition and warned against foreign intervention without UN backing.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deadline for Syria to avoid Arab League sanctions passed.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian military claimed that the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> attacked a military base in the Homs province, killing 10 members of <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Assad's air force</a>. Of the 10 killed, six were "elite military pilots" in the <a href="/wiki/Homs_Province_Ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Homs Province Ambush">Homs Province Ambush</a><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="26_November">26 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: 26 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> ambushed the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian army">Syrian army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, killing eight loyalist soldiers. The Free Syrian Army had no casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="27_November">27 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: 27 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> agreed on <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">economic sanctions</a> against Syria, including a freeze on doing business with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Syria" title="Central Bank of Syria">Central Bank of Syria</a> and the Syrian government, a travel ban on regime officials, and a suspension of infrastructure spending by Arab governments in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29_November">29 November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: 29 November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three civilians were injured and one other killed in a raid by security forces in the town of Saraqeb. The <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> also killed three loyalist soldiers and captured two others. <sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="December_2011">December 2011</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: December 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1_December">1 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: 1 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the UN, the death toll has reached over 4,000. In light of the casualties and the increasing number of defections to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>, the UN is now "characterizing it as a civil war".<sup id="cite_ref-nowin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Syrian_Buffer_Zone""><span id="2_December_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Syrian_Buffer_Zone.22"></span>2 December – "Friday of the Syrian Buffer Zone"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: 2 December – "Friday of the Syrian Buffer Zone""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tens of thousands marched in protests across Syria on Friday calling for Turkey to create a buffer zone to protect civilians, as security forces killed at least five more people, activists said. The largest protests were held in the central Homs province and in the northern town of Hama, said Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. "In 17 districts (in the city of) Homs and at least nine neighbouring towns, tens of thousands of people called for the creation of a buffer zone to ensure their protection", Abdel Rahman told AFP. "On Friday, Hama saw its biggest protests since the army entered the city in August", he added. Smaller protests took place in Aleppo, in Damascus province and in the southern Deraa province.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3_December">3 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: 3 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 23 people were killed in Syria, 11 of which were civilians killed by security forces. In the province of <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, seven soldiers including an officer and five army defectors were killed in clashes. Tanks were also spotted moving into <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, and a tank was seen burning there as well. The Syrian government condemned a UN vote on <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a> committed by the Syrian security forces. The Syrian government claimed that the vote was unjust and based on false information.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4_December">4 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: 4 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least a dozen Syrian secret police defected from an intelligence compound, activists said, in what appeared to be the first major desertion from a service that has acted as a pillar of President Assad's rule. A gunfight then broke out overnight after the defectors fled the Airforce Intelligence complex in the center of Idlib city. Ten people on both sides were killed or wounded, the activists said on Sunday, according to Reuters.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5_December">5 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: 5 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A bus driver and 13 passengers inside it were abducted by shabiha near Homs, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. Seven people were reported killed in <a href="/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a> by security forces, the Observatory said, and 63 people dead, at least half in Homs, were reportedly killed over the weekend. FSA fighters killed four members of the security forces, including an officer, in <a href="/wiki/Dael" class="mw-redirect" title="Dael">Dael</a> in <a href="/wiki/Deraa_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa Governorate">Deraa Governorate</a>, according to the same report. Eighteen students were arrested, the Observatory claimed.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7_December">7 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: 7 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An interview between <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> and veteran <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a> was released. In the interview Assad claimed that he was not responsible for the military crackdown and said he did not feel guilty because his government was doing nothing wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="8_December">8 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: 8 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Activist groups said 13 people were killed by security forces throughout Syria. An oil pipeline supplying a refinery in Homs was attacked and set on fire, an attack <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">SANA</a> blamed on "armed terrorists" and protesters blamed on security forces and shabiha.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Dignity_Strike""><span id="9_December_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Dignity_Strike.22"></span>9 December – "Friday of the Dignity Strike"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: 9 December – "Friday of the Dignity Strike""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Syrian Revolution General Commission reported that at least 41 people, including seven children and three army defectors, were killed by security forces attempting to derail a planned nationwide "<a href="/wiki/Dignity_Strike_in_Syria" title="Dignity Strike in Syria">Dignity Strike</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the deaths were in Homs, the <i>de facto</i> centre of the opposition, where <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a> units purportedly clashed with security personnel. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> claimed Assad's forces gathered in the thousands around the city to prepare for an "impending massacre". The military allegedly warned that Homs had 72 hours to comply with an ultimatum to end protests. Clashes and arrests also reportedly took place in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="10_December">10 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: 10 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 12 died as Syrian troops attacked funeral processions and clashed with FSA defectors. The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">Government of France</a> called for involvement by the international community.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_December">11 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: 11 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> ordered at least a dozen U.S.-listed firms to provide details of their business in Syria and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> reported.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> border, more than one score of tanks from the 12th Armoured Brigade stormed <a href="/wiki/Busra_al-Harir" title="Busra al-Harir">Busra al-Harir</a>, sparking what <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> described as a "major battle" with Free Syrian Army and other armed elements in the town. Fighting was especially intense in the Lujah region of rocky hills north of Busra al-Harir, which defectors have used as a base to harass and disrupt military supply lines. Meanwhile, French Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Alain_Juppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alain Juppe">Alain Juppe</a> blamed an attack on French <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">UNIFIL</a> peacekeepers in southern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and said his government believed the attackers acted on orders from <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>. Within Syria, many shops did not open due to a nationwide strike, and the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">opposition</a> boasted of the strike effectively shutting down Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid protests and fighting elsewhere in the country, opposition activists reported 26 killed by security forces, including nine dead in <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, six dead in <a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama, Syria">Hama</a>, three dead in <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a>, two in <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, and two outside Damascus. They also claimed five Syrian soldiers were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two biggest Syrian cities, Damascus and <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> did not follow the strike called by the opposition and most business operated as usual.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12_December">12 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: 12 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Navi_Pillay" title="Navi Pillay">Navi Pillay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a>, said more than 5,000 had been killed in Syria since the uprising and crackdown began. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">own government</a> faced <a href="/wiki/2011_Russian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Russian protests">protests</a> during the month, defended Assad and said the West should not call for him to step down and should condemn the actions of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dec13_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dec13-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Washington, D.C., U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> met with <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> and discussed the subject of Syria. In a press conference after the meeting, Obama said he and Maliki disagreed on what action to take, but said he believed Maliki was taking Iraq's best interests to heart. Maliki reiterated his opposition to <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">economic sanctions</a> against Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nationwide strike continued in Syria, and the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported 15 dead throughout the country, with most of the violence in <a href="/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13_December">13 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: 13 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 28 people were killed during the day, activists said, with most of the deaths occurring in <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>. Eleven civilians were allegedly gunned down after closing an arterial road, with 26 more wounded. SANA claimed 15 gunmen were intercepted trying to "infiltrate" across the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> border and two were killed. Lavrov, the Russian foreign minister, said after talks with his <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> counterpart <a href="/wiki/Mourad_Medelci" title="Mourad Medelci">Mourad Medelci</a> that Moscow had decided to support the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>'s initiative in Syria and wanted observers to oversee troops' withdrawal from major Syrian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that the Free Syrian Army ambushed and killed seven Syrian security troops in <a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Hawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab al-Hawa">Bab al-Hawa</a> in Idlib Governorate.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FSA also killed a senior officer, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Ghanem_Ibrahim_al-Hassan" title="Ghanem Ibrahim al-Hassan">Ghanem Ibrahim al-Hassan</a>, SANA reported. The state-run media organ claimed that it was retaliation for the interception at the border crossing earlier that day.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early hours of the morning, an oil pipeline was blown up near Rastan in central Syria, with both the government and the opposition blaming each other for the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United Nations formally announced that at least 5,000 Syrians were estimated to have died in the uprising.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14_December">14 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: 14 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Loyalist soldiers reportedly fired upon a civilian car on 14 December, killing five people, in response, the Free Syrian Army staged an ambush against a loyalist convoy consisting of four jeeps, killing eight soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of 25 people, 17 of whom were civilians, were reported killed on 14 December.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Security forces launched a raid on Hama aimed at ending a three-day strike by the opposition, resulting in at least ten deaths and the destruction of two armoured vehicles by armed insurgents, possibly the Free Syrian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15_December">15 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: 15 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FSA engaged loyalist army units and security service agents south of Damascus on 15 December, leading to 27 loyalist deaths and an unknown number of FSA casualties. The clashes broke out at three separate checkpoints in Daraa province around dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Arab_League_Is_Killing_Us""><span id="16_December_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Arab_League_Is_Killing_Us.22"></span>16 December – "Friday of the Arab League Is Killing Us"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: 16 December – "Friday of the Arab League Is Killing Us""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hundreds of thousands of Syrians took to the streets on Friday to protest against President Bashar al-Assad, a day after Syria's big power ally Russia sharpened its criticism of Damascus in a draft United Nations resolution. As many as 22 people were killed by the gunfire of Syrian security forces during the rallies which protesters called "The Arab League is killing us", Al Arabiya reported citing Syrian activists. Friday's killings took place, activists said, after midday prayers in the eastern city of Deir al-Zour and in <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a>, hotbed of opposition to four decades of repressive Assad family rule, according to Reuters. Protesters were the largest yet since August, with the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reporting over 200,000 in Homs, as well large demonstrations in Idlib, Daraa, Deir al-Zour, Hama, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> and Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18_December">18 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=91" title="Edit section: 18 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Armed clashes erupted in Syria Sunday, killing at least 15 civilians and 6 Syrian soldiers, activists said. Isolated and faced with a possible civil war, Syria appeared to be bending toward allowing Arab League observers in as a step toward ending the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19_December">19 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=92" title="Edit section: 19 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a statement sent to AFP in Nicosia, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said between 60 and 70 army deserters were gunned down as they abandoned their positions in the Idlib towns of Kansafra and Kafr Awid. The Observatory reported earlier that security forces shot dead at least 6 civilians on Monday, even as Syria's regime agreed to allow Arab observers into the country to monitor a deal to end a bloody protest crackdown.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to locals, the reported death toll for the day rose to well over 100 with the killings of the army deserters, crackdowns throughout the country, and fighting between Syrian soldiers and Free Syrian soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_December">20 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=93" title="Edit section: 20 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 100 Syrian army deserters were killed or wounded in clashes and 49 civilians killed Tuesday, a rights group said, as Damascus faced new demands to halt its bloody crackdown on dissent. The Gulf Cooperation Council urged the Syrian government to "immediately halt its killing machine, put an end to bloodshed, lift all signs of armed conflict and release prisoners, as a first step towards implementing the protocol".<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 14 members of the security forces were killed in southern Daraa province, where the protests broke out in mid-March.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad killed 111 civilians in the northwestern province of Idlib, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21_December">21 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=94" title="Edit section: 21 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syrian security forces were accused of massacring the entire village of Kfar Owaid, about 30 miles from the Turkish border, with rockets, machine guns, tanks, and nail bombs. The Syrian army surrounded the unarmed villagers in the Budnaya Valley after forcing them to flee their homes, activist groups and a witness said. The troops allegedly killed the more than 100 people trapped inside in an attack that lasted for hours, in one of the deadliest single events of the uprising to date.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under a new law, the Syrian government said it would execute anyone smuggling weapons for the sake of committing "terrorist acts". According to Al Jazeera, became clear that "army defectors have taken control over some towns and villages, almost as though they have created some sort of safe area, where protesters from other regions were seeking a safe haven and where defectors were able to operate from".<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Syrian official media reported that the army arrested tens of armed men and seized weapons in operations across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>SANA reported that Assad supporters gathered in Damascus' Umayyad Square to honor the army and to watch the unveiling of a 7-meter statue of a Syrian soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="22_December">22 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=95" title="Edit section: 22 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fresh raids and gunfire by government forces on Thursday killed at least 19 people, most of them in the central city of Homs and northern Idlib province, according to the London-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and the Local Coordination Committees.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian government updated the casualty figures of its soldiers to 2,000, as the Arab League prepared an agreed observer mission into the country, amongst rising civilian, defector, and soldier deaths from ongoing clashes in the Zawiya mountains near Idlib.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="23_December_–_"Friday_of_the_Protocol_of_Death""><span id="23_December_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_Protocol_of_Death.22"></span>23 December – "Friday of the Protocol of Death"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=96" title="Edit section: 23 December – "Friday of the Protocol of Death""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bombings</a> in Damascus at security offices killed civilians and some soldiers, leaving 44 dead and 163 wounded. Syrian officials said that <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a> was suspected of carrying out the attack. A website, which supposedly belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, emerged claiming the attacks. It was later revealed that the website was fake and made by the Syrian regime only one day before the bombings. Also, many members of the organization were interviewed on several channels and denied any relation between them and the Damascus events.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the opposition said the Syrian government may have orchestrated the attacks to reinforce its narrative of a country beset by terrorist-related violence.<sup id="cite_ref-pro_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pro-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Lebanon">government of Lebanon</a> had reportedly warned Damascus two days prior that Al Qaida infiltrated Syria from <a href="/wiki/Arsal" title="Arsal">Arsal</a>, Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daily Friday protests occurred throughout Syria, most notably in Idlib, Homs, Qamishli, Hama, Damascus and its suburbs. As many as 28 people were killed as Syrian security forces continued with its crackdown against protesters and dissents in the country, <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> reported, citing Syrian activists.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="24_December">24 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=97" title="Edit section: 24 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thousands rallied in support of Assad in Damascus at the funeral of the victims of the previous day's bombings, blaming the attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Elaraby" title="Nabil Elaraby">Nabil Elaraby</a> condemned the attacks in a statement.<sup id="cite_ref-pro_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pro-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Oil Minister <a href="/wiki/Sufian_Allaw" title="Sufian Allaw">Sufian Allaw</a> said oil production in Syria had fallen by between 30 percent and 35 percent due to foreign sanctions preventing exports.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudanese</a> General <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ahmed_Mustafa_al-Dabi" title="Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi">Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi</a>, the leader of a planned Arab League observer mission, arrived in Damascus to meet with the Syrian government ahead of the mission's official start.<sup id="cite_ref-waus_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waus-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="25_December">25 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=98" title="Edit section: 25 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a> called for the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> to coordinate efforts to hold the Syrian government accountable for the bloodshed. In the <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homsi</a> neighborhood of Baba Amr, at least 15 civilians were killed by artillery bombardment, activists said. As many as 4,000 soldiers were reported to have surrounded the city.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="26_December">26 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=99" title="Edit section: 26 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Residents said at least 34 were killed in Homs, while the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights in London said four died in <a href="/wiki/Hama,_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hama, Syria">Hama</a>, two died in <a href="/wiki/Idlib" title="Idlib">Idlib</a>, one died in <a href="/wiki/Daraa" title="Daraa">Daraa</a>, and one more died in a suburb of Damascus as a result of security forces' actions, for a total death toll of 42 throughout the country related to the uprising for the day.<sup id="cite_ref-70,000protest_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70,000protest-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Homs residents posted amateur video to the Internet showing what appear to be army tanks moving through the city, firing on apartment buildings with machine guns and mortar rounds, and mangled bodies and pools of blood, as well as ruined cars and power lines, in the streets of the city. At least one resident reported seeing army ambulances carrying wounded soldiers, suggesting that militant elements of the Syrian opposition were fighting back against the military crackdown in Homs. The Observatory also reported clashes and arrests in <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, 50 Arab League monitors headed to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> as opposition members sought to downplay the mission, saying Syrian authorities were likely to stymie its chances of uncovering the truth and block observers' access to some of the worst-hit parts of the country, and the French government insisted on greater transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The observers arrived in the Syrian capital after sundown, sources told <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-waus_176-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waus-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="27_December">27 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=100" title="Edit section: 27 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 11 tanks that had been shelling the neighbourhood of Baba Amr in Homs, according to residents and opposition activists, reportedly withdrew ahead of Arab League monitors' visit to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 2,000 Homsis turned out for a sit-in protest awaiting the Arab League team's arrival, an activist said.<sup id="cite_ref-arrive_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrive-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> reported thousands more marched in protest at the funeral of a city resident killed the previous day.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights put the number of protesters in the Khalidiyah neighbourhood at 20,000, while the Local Co-ordinating Committees said turnout there was closer to 35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-arrive_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrive-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 70,000<sup id="cite_ref-70,000protest_178-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70,000protest-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> protesters reportedly converged on Clock Square in the center of the city, apparently after hearing Arab League monitors were in the area, but an activist said security forces began firing <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and live ammunition and prevented them from occupying the square. Elsewhere in Homs, including in besieged Baba Amr, the Observatory said gunfire, including volleys from snipers, impaired the free movement of residents.<sup id="cite_ref-arrive_182-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrive-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although General Dabi, the leader of the observer team, said the day proceeded well and "all sides were very responsive", amateur video footage posted on the Internet appeared to show anti-government Homsis unsuccessfully pleading with monitors to travel further into the Baba Amr neighbourhood, where extensive violence had been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-70,000protest_178-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70,000protest-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Avaaz" title="Avaaz">Avaaz</a> claimed similar scenes of civil protest and regime violence in Hama, where thousands of demonstrators marching to al-Assi Square in the city centre were scattered by troops firing live ammunition, according to activists. Thirty-three deaths were reported in total throughout Syria by the LCC, including 13 in Homs, four in Daraa, four near Damascus, three at <a href="/wiki/Damascus_University" title="Damascus University">Damascus University</a>, three in Hama, three in Idlib, two in <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>, and one in <a href="/wiki/Latakia" title="Latakia">Latakia</a>. The incident at Damascus University occurred when, the Observatory claimed, a student recently detained and tortured by the regime opened fire on fellow students who vocally supported Assad. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">Syrian Arab News Agency</a> reported on the <a href="/wiki/School_shooting" title="School shooting">school shooting</a>, but made no mention of any political motivation on the shooter's part. SANA also claimed a terrorist attack shut down a natural gas pumping operation in <a href="/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arrive_182-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrive-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="28_December">28 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=101" title="Edit section: 28 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At least 13 people were killed in fresh violence across Syria, activists said, as <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> observers continued their mission. Six of the dead were reportedly killed while protesting in Hama. Local rights groups say others were killed in Homs, Aleppo, and Idlib. Video shared by activists from the protest in Hama showed gunshots being fired and black smoke rising above the city. Dozens of men were marching through the streets, chanting "Where are the Arab monitors?" In Deraa, army defectors killed at least four Syrian soldiers in an ambush.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="29_December">29 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=102" title="Edit section: 29 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protesters demanded the removal of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ahmed_Mustafa_al-Dabi" title="Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi">Mustafa Dabi</a> as leader of the Arab League monitoring team as observers visited Hama, where six more people were killed, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> reported that an anonymous official with the observing mission in Syria had said monitors had witnessed shelling in Homs and it was apparent some parts of the city were controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>. The official, whose report directly contradicted Dabi's account of the situation, predicted the mission was doomed to fail. The LCC put the nationwide death toll at 35 for the day,<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Observatory said 26 were confirmed dead, with four deaths allegedly occurring in <a href="/wiki/Douma,_Syria" title="Douma, Syria">Douma</a> after security forces fired live ammunition into a crowd of about 20,000 massing at its Grand Mosque for a protest ahead of an expected visit by Arab League observers. The Observatory said Douma residents responded to the shootings in their city by organising a mass strike and flooding into the city square for a sit-in thousands strong. The report could not be immediately confirmed, nor could rumours that Arab League vehicles were sighted in Douma. Hundreds also reportedly protested in Midan, a central <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> neighbourhood, before being dispersed by soldiers shooting tear gas. The Observatory claimed 150,000 marched in the streets in <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate</a>, its largest demonstration in recent days. After meeting with <a href="/wiki/Nabil_Elaraby" title="Nabil Elaraby">Nabil Elaraby</a>, head of the Arab League, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a> said he feared the Syrian government held more than 100,000 detainees and could execute them "to say there are no prisoners" if Arab League monitors demanded access to facilities in which they are imprisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="30_December_–_"Friday_of_the_March_to_the_Freedom_Squares""><span id="30_December_.E2.80.93_.22Friday_of_the_March_to_the_Freedom_Squares.22"></span>30 December – "Friday of the March to the Freedom Squares"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=103" title="Edit section: 30 December – "Friday of the March to the Freedom Squares""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Activists said more than 130 protesters had been confirmed killed, including six children, since the Arab League observers arrived in Syria earlier in the week.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the day, that reported death toll grew to 32 following attacks from security forces. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> gave a death toll of 35 for the day.<sup id="cite_ref-snipers_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snipers-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what seemed to be the largest day of demonstrating, with more than 500,000 people demonstrating in two governorates alone: Hama and Idlib, over 6 million people are said to have rallied in Syria against <a href="/wiki/Bashar_Al-Assad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bashar Al-Assad">Bashar Al-Assad</a>, according to activists. Tens of thousands protested in Damascus, as well as tens of thousands in Homs. Smaller demonstrations occurred in Daraa, Deir Ezzor, and Aleppo.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amateur video posted online appeared to show an orange-vested Arab League observer in Daraa responding to residents' claims that snipers were nearby by saying he had seen the snipers himself and telling them the monitors planned to ask the Syrian government to remove any snipers from Daraa within 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-snipers_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snipers-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, the SNC and the National Coordination Body for Democratic Change in Syria signed onto a political roadmap for a transition to democracy in Syria to be put into effect if Assad is deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="31_December">31 December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=104" title="Edit section: 31 December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Activists reported at least nine deaths, at least three of them in Homs, at least one in Damascus, and at least one in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, as security forces attacked large protests across the country. The LCC said some protests evolved from funeral marches for demonstrators killed the day before.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al Jazeera reported that the number of statements received by the network from Arab League observers critical of the regime's crackdown had mounted over the past two days. Meanwhile, the SNC signed a deal with the National Co-ordination Committee, to work together on developing a "parliamentary system for a democratic, pluralistic civil state [that] guarantees the exchange of power through elections".<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The head of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>'s observing team, General <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ahmed_Mustafa_al-Dabi" title="Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi">Mustafa Dabi</a>, said in an interview with the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Newshour" title="Newshour">Newshour</a></i> that no observers saw snipers in <a href="/wiki/Deraa" class="mw-redirect" title="Deraa">Deraa</a>, contradicting amateur video showing an observer telling activists he saw snipers in the city centre. Dabi claimed that the observer was making "a hypothetical remark only".<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)&action=edit&section=105" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nowin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nowin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nowin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna45514855">"UN: Syria now in a civil war"</a>. 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class="external text" href="http://blogs.aljazeera.com/live/middle-east/syria-live-blog-march-25">live blog</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/syria">Timeline of the Syrian civil war</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906140521/http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=253828">Live updates on Syria’s uprising</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/NOW_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="NOW Lebanon">NOW Lebanon</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/syria/index.html">Syria protests (2011)</a> collected coverage at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War"><b>Background</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2011</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2012</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2013</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2014</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2015</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2016</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2017</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2018</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2019</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2020</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2021</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2022</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><span style="font-size:110%;"><b>2023</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war"><b>Spillover</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration<br />of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian civil war in popular culture">Syrian civil war in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Syrian civil war">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_Spring" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_Spring" title="Template talk:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_Spring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab Spring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Spring" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div>"<i><a href="/wiki/Ash-shab_yurid_isqat_an-nizam" title="Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam">Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam</a></i>"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Events by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932012_Algerian_protests" title="2010–2012 Algerian protests">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Djiboutian_protests" title="2011 Djiboutian protests">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Iraqi_protests" title="2011 Iraqi protests">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_protests_(2011%E2%80%9312)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian protests (2011–12)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_protests_(2011%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwaiti protests (2011–2013)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Lebanese_protests" title="2011 Lebanese protests">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="First Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Mauritanian_protests" title="2011–2012 Mauritanian protests">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Moroccan_protests" title="2011–2012 Moroccan protests">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Omani_protests" title="2011 Omani protests">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Palestinian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Palestinian protests">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Saudi_Arabian_protests" title="2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Sudanese_protests" title="2011–2013 Sudanese protests">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_revolution" title="Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Western_Saharan_protests" title="2011 Western Saharan protests">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_revolution" title="Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Al_Wefaq" title="Al Wefaq">Al Wefaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14_Youth_Coalition" title="February 14 Youth Coalition">February 14 Youth Coalition</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/April_6_Youth_Movement" title="April 6 Youth Movement">April 6 Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefaya" title="Kefaya">Kefaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)" title="Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)">FJP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Change" title="National Association for Change">National Association for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Egypt)" title="National Democratic Party (Egypt)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Front_(Egypt)" title="National Salvation Front (Egypt)">National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialists_(Egypt)" title="Revolutionary Socialists (Egypt)">Revolutionary Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayfeencom" title="Shayfeencom">Shayfeencom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultras_Ahlawy" title="Ultras Ahlawy">Ultras Ahlawy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Libya)" title="National Liberation Army (Libya)">National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/February_25th_Movement" title="February 25th Movement">February 25th Movement</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Women_to_drive_movement" title="Women to drive movement">Women to drive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Defense_of_Human_Rights_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in the Arabian Peninsula">CDHRAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Development_and_Change" title="Society for Development and Change">Society for Development and Change</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Regional Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">National Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_rebel_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign fighters</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Democratic_Rally" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Democratic Rally">Constitutional Democratic Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennahda" title="Ennahda">Ennahda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_(Tunisia)" title="Popular Front (Tunisia)">Popular Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_General_Labour_Union" title="Tunisian General Labour Union">Tunisian General Labour Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Yemeni_Tribes" title="Alliance of Yemeni Tribes">Alliance of Yemeni Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)" title="Al-Islah (Yemen)">Al-Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashid" title="Hashid">Hashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_People%27s_Congress_(Yemen)" title="General People's Congress (Yemen)">General People's Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yemen Movement">Hiraak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Arab_Spring" title="Women in the Arab Spring">Women in the Arab Spring</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Algeria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ouyahia" title="Ahmed Ouyahia">Ahmed Ouyahia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Bahrain:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Isa_Al_Khalifa" title="Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa">Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Mushaima" title="Hasan Mushaima">Hasan Mushaima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salman" title="Ali Salman">Ali Salman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Ali_Jawad_al-Sheikh" title="Death of Ali Jawad al-Sheikh">Ali Jawad al-Sheikh</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Egypt:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Suleiman_(politician)" title="Omar Suleiman (politician)">Omar Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hussein_Tantawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohamed Hussein Tantawy">Mohamed Hussein Tantawy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Nazif" title="Ahmed Nazif">Ahmed Nazif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Shafik" title="Ahmed Shafik">Ahmed Shafik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Ghonim" title="Wael Ghonim">Wael Ghonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Ganzouri" title="Kamal Ganzouri">Kamal Ganzouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Khaled_Mohamed_Saeed" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Khaled Mohamed Saeed">Khaled Mohamed Saeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essam_Sharaf" title="Essam Sharaf">Essam Sharaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesham_Qandil" title="Hesham Qandil">Hesham Qandil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassem_Youssef_(television_host)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassem Youssef (television host)">Bassem Youssef</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jordan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">King Abdullah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marouf_al-Bakhit" title="Marouf al-Bakhit">Marouf al-Bakhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Rifai" title="Samir Rifai">Samir Rifai</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Libya:</i> <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi" title="Saif al-Islam Gaddafi">Saif al-Islam Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Abdul-Jelil" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Abdul-Jelil">Mustafa Abdul-Jelil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Gebril" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Gebril">Mahmud Gebril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nabbous" title="Mohammed Nabbous">Mohammed Nabbous</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Mauritania:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulaye_Ould_Mohamed_Laghdaf" title="Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf">Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Morocco:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco" title="Mohammed VI of Morocco">Mohammed VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_El_Fassi" title="Abbas El Fassi">Abbas El Fassi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Saudi Arabia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_al-Johani" title="Khaled al-Johani">Khaled al-Johani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manal_al-Sharif" title="Manal al-Sharif">Manal al-Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimr_al-Nimr" title="Nimr al-Nimr">Nimr al-Nimr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Sudan:</i> <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi" title="Hassan al-Turabi">Hassan al-Turabi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Syria:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_Safar" title="Adel Safar">Adel Safar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad_Farid_Hijab" title="Riyad Farid Hijab">Riyad Farid Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Tunisia:</i> <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ghannouchi" title="Mohamed Ghannouchi">Mohamed Ghannouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Marzouki" title="Moncef Marzouki">Moncef Marzouki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Ghannushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid al-Ghannushi">Rashid al-Ghannushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouad_Mebazaa" title="Fouad Mebazaa">Fouad Mebazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi" title="Beji Caid Essebsi">Beji Caid Essebsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadi_Jebali" title="Hamadi Jebali">Hamadi Jebali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bouazizi" title="Mohamed Bouazizi">Mohamed Bouazizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_Belaid" title="Chokri Belaid">Chokri Belaid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>United Arab Emirates:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Five" title="UAE Five">UAE Five</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Yemen:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh" title="Ali Abdullah Saleh">Ali Abdullah Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi" title="Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi">Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_al-Zindani" title="Abdul Majeed al-Zindani">Abdul Majeed al-Zindani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mohsen_al-Ahmar" title="Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar">Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_al-Ahmar" title="Sadiq al-Ahmar">Sadiq al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi" title="Abdul-Malik al-Houthi">Abdul-Malik al-Houthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_al-Houthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Ali al-Houthi">Mohammed Ali al-Houthi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Impact of the Arab Spring">Impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Albanian_opposition_demonstrations" title="2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Armenian_protests" title="2011 Armenian protests">Armenia</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2011 Azerbaijani protests">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Baku_protests" title="2013 Baku protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Belarusian_protests" title="2011 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Burkinab%C3%A8_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Burkinabè protests">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Chinese_pro-democracy_protests" title="2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9312_Greek_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–12 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" title="2011 Indian anti-corruption movement">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_anti-corruption_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Indian anti-corruption movement">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Iranian_protests" title="2011–2012 Iranian protests">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Kurdish_protests_in_Iraq" title="2011 Kurdish protests in Iraq">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Israeli_social_justice_protests" title="2011 Israeli social justice protests">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Maldives_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Maldives political crisis">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mali_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mali conflict">Mali</a></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Peace_with_Justice_and_Dignity" title="Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo_Soy_132" title="Yo Soy 132">2012</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Portugal" title="Anti-austerity movement in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Russian_protests" title="2011–2013 Russian protests">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Spanish_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–2012 Spanish protests">Spain</a></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932012_Kurdish_protests_in_Turkey" title="2011–2012 Kurdish protests in Turkey">2011–2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">2013</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_anti-austerity_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan civil war (2011–present)">Libyan civil war (2011–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">UN Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_65/265" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 65/265">65/265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1970" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2009" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2014" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2016" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2016">2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Arab_Spring" title="International reactions to the Arab Spring">International reactions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Egyptian_Revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Egyptian Revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the Libyan civil war">civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="International reactions to the 2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the death of Muammar Gaddafi">death of Muammar Gaddafi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Tunisian_revolution" title="International reactions to the Tunisian revolution">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="International reactions to the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left">Domestic reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Domestic responses to the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li>Libya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_responses_to_the_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic responses to the Libyan Civil War">domestic responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab_Spring" title="Timeline of the Arab Spring">Timelines</a> by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" title="Timeline of the Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Libyan civil war">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011%E2%80%9313_Saudi_Arabian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2011–13 Saudi Arabian protests">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_revolution" title="Timeline of the Yemeni revolution">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni crisis (2011–present)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_crisis_(2011%E2%80%93present)" title="Libyan crisis (2011–present)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_crisis_(2011%E2%80%932014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)">Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" 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