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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Andromaque</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_(%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Андромаха (Жан Расин) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Андромаха (Жан Расин)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaque_(Racine)" title="Andromaque (Racine) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andromaque (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromache_(Racine)" title="Andromache (Racine) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andromache (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_(%CE%A1%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1)" title="Ανδρομάχη (Ρακίνα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανδρομάχη (Ρακίνα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%B3maca_(Racine)" title="Andrómaca (Racine) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andrómaca (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaka_(Racine)" title="Andromaka (Racine) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andromaka (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="آندروماک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندروماک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaque_(Racine)" title="Andromaque (Racine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andromaque (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%99%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC" title="앙드로마크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앙드로마크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaca_(Racine)" title="Andromaca (Racine) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andromaca (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Андромаха – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Андромаха" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaque_(Racine)" title="Andromaque (Racine) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andromaque (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="アンドロマック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドロマック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromacha_(dramat_Jeana_Baptiste%E2%80%99a_Racine%E2%80%99a)" title="Andromacha (dramat Jeana Baptiste’a Racine’a) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andromacha (dramat Jeana Baptiste’a Racine’a)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaca_(Racine)" title="Andromaca (Racine) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Andromaca (Racine)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_(%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Андромаха (Расин) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Андромаха (Расин)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromaka" title="Andromaka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Andromaka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_(%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD)" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tragedy written by Jean Racine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic">Andromaque</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG/220px-Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG/330px-Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG/440px-Andromaque_1668_title_page.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1916" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title page from 1668 edition of <i>Andromaque</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data description"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Characters</th><td class="infobox-data">Andromaque <br /> Pyrrhus <br /> Oreste <br /> Hermione <br /> Pylade <br /> Cléone <br /> Céphise <br /> Phoenix</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Setting</th><td class="infobox-data">The Royal Palace at <a href="/wiki/Butrint" title="Butrint">Bouthroton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Andromaque</b></i> is a tragedy in five acts by the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> written in <a href="/wiki/French_alexandrine" title="French alexandrine">alexandrine verse</a>. It was first performed on 17 November 1667 before the court of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Palace" title="Louvre Palace">Louvre</a> in the private chambers of the Queen, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Marie Thérèse</a>, by the royal company of actors, called "les Grands Comédiens", with <a href="/wiki/Marquise-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Gorla" title="Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla">Thérèse Du Parc</a> in the title role. The company gave the first public performance two days later in the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Bourgogne_(theatre)" title="Hôtel de Bourgogne (theatre)">Hôtel de Bourgogne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Andromaque</i>, the third of Racine's plays, written at the age of 27, established its author's reputation as one of the great playwrights in France. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_the_play">Origins of the play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins of the play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' play <i><a href="/wiki/Andromache_(play)" title="Andromache (play)">Andromache</a></i> and the third book of <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i> were the points of departure for Racine's play. The play takes place in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, during which <a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a>'s husband <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a>, has been slain by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> and their young son <a href="/wiki/Astyanax" title="Astyanax">Astyanax</a> has narrowly escaped a similar fate at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Ulysses</a>, who has unknowingly been tricked into killing another child in his place. Andromache has been taken prisoner in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Pyrrhus</a>, son of Achilles, who is due to be married to <a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a>, the only daughter of the <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> king <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>, brother to <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a>, and by now absolved of the crime of <a href="/wiki/Matricide" title="Matricide">matricide</a> prophesied by the <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphic oracle</a>, has come to the court of Pyrrhus to plead on behalf of the Greeks for the return of Astyanax. </p><p>Racine's play is a story of human passion, with the structure of an unrequited love chain: Orestes is in love with Hermione, who only wishes to please Pyrrhus, who is in love with Andromaque, who is determined to honour the memory of her murdered husband Hector and to protect the future of their son Astyanax. Orestes' presence at the court of Pyrrhus unleashes a violent undoing of the chain. At the climax, provoked by Hermione's desperation, Pyrrhus is murdered by Orestes' men in a mad rage; this only serves to deepen Hermione's despair. She takes her own life by the side of Pyrrhus and Orestes goes mad.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to critic Félix Guirand, the play marks a turning point in the history of French theater because Racine "refashions the tragic genre as he discards the conventions of Corneille's heroic tragedy and Quinault's melodramatic tragedy and focuses simply on the human tragedy, born from the clash of passions, particularly love". In addition, the author favors "a language of simple diction, which reproduces with ease the allure of prose without ever losing poetic color", contrasting with the "tense, pompous and willingly declamatory style of Corneille and other contemporary authors".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg/170px-Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg/255px-Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg/340px-Racine_-_Andromaque_Act3_sc6_1676_frontispiece_-_c%C3%A9sar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece depicting Act III, scene 6, published in Paris in 1676</figcaption></figure> <p>The importance of the theme of gallantry is a common feature with Racine's previous work, <i><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a></i>. His subsequent plays gradually purified the tragic element until it reached its zenith with <i><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A8dre" title="Phèdre">Phèdre</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Names of characters in French, with their equivalents in English: </p> <ul><li>Andromaque, or <a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a>, widow of <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>, held captive by Pyrrhus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Pyrrhus</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>.</li> <li>Oreste, or <a href="/wiki/Orestes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orestes (mythology)">Orestes</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>, betrothed to Pyrrhus.</li> <li>Pylade, or <a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a>, a friend of Oreste.</li> <li>Cléone, or Cleone, confidante of Hermione.</li> <li>Céphise, Cephisa, confidante of Andromaque.</li> <li>Phoenix, mentor to Achilles, and then to Pyrrhus.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg/300px-Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg/450px-Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg/600px-Leighton_Captive_Andromache.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3793" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption><i>Captive Andromache</i> by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Lord_Leighton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Lord Leighton">Frederic Lord Leighton</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Act 1:</b> Orestes, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> ambassador, arrives at the court of Pyrrhus, supposedly to convince him on behalf of the Greeks to put Astyanax, the son of Andromaque and Hector, to death, for fear that he may one day avenge <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. Actually Oreste hopes Pyrrhus will refuse, so Hermione will return to Greece with him. Pyrrhus refuses at first, then, upon being rejected by Andromaque, he threatens to turn Astyanax over to the Greeks. </p><p><b>Act 2:</b> Orestes speaks to Hermione, who agrees to leave with him if Pyrrhus allows it. However, Pyrrhus, heretofore uninterested in Hermione, announces to Orestes that he has decided to marry her, and that he will give him Astyanax. </p><p><b>Act 3:</b> Orestes is furious over having lost Hermione for good. Andromaque begs Hermione to influence Pyrrhus to spare her son, but Hermione, insanely proud, refuses her. Pyrrhus agrees to reverse his decision if Andromaque will marry him. She hesitates, unsure of what to do. </p><p><b>Act 4:</b> Andromaque resolves to marry Pyrrhus in order to save her son, but intends suicide as soon as the ceremony is over, so that she remains faithful to her late husband Hector. Hermione asks Orestes to avenge her scorn from Pyrrhus by killing him. </p><p><b>Act 5:</b> Hermione regrets asking for Pyrrhus' death. Before she can cancel her request, Orestes appears and announces that Pyrrhus is dead, though not at Orestes' hand — his Greeks became enraged when Pyrrhus recognized Astyanax as king of Troy. She thanks him with wild insults and runs off to kill herself on Pyrrhus' body. Orestes becomes crazed and has a vision of <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">the Furies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_and_adaptations">Reception and adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reception and adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the majority of Racine's plays, <i>Andromaque</i> has never gone out of vogue, and the tragedy is among the most venerable works of the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a>'s repertoire. It is also the most often read and studied <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">classicist</a> play in French schools. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rivette" title="Jacques Rivette">Jacques Rivette</a>'s four-hour film <i><a href="/wiki/L%27amour_fou_(1969_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'amour fou (1969 film)">L'amour fou</a></i> centers around rehearsals of a production of <i>Andromaque</i>. </p><p>The composer <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9try" title="André Grétry">André Grétry</a> wrote a three-act <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andromaque_(opera)" title="Andromaque (opera)">Andromaque</a>,</i> with a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> based on the Racine play, which premiered in 1780. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>'s two-act 1819 opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Ermione" title="Ermione">Ermione</a>,</i> is based on Racine's play as is <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Windt" title="Herbert Windt">Herbert Windt</a>'s 1931 opera <i><a href="/wiki/Andromache_(opera)" title="Andromache (opera)">Andromache</a></i>. </p><p>In 1984 a new verse English translation of <i>Andromaque</i> (called <i><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></i>) was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Cheek_by_Jowl" title="Cheek by Jowl">Cheek by Jowl</a> theatre company from the writer and translator David Bryer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This British première performance of Andromache was at the Paxton Suite, Buxton on 9 August 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was then performed during 1984–1985. Between 2007–2009 Cheek by Jowl performed Andromaque in French. The first performance of this production was at Théâtre du Nord, Lille on 4 October 2007. In 2009 the play was performed in French as a co-production by Théâtre du Nord, Lille, and <a href="/wiki/Cheek_by_Jowl" title="Cheek by Jowl">Cheek by Jowl</a> at the Oxford Playhouse.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both productions were directed by Declan Donnellan and designed by Nick Ormerod.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new version translated into English by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kemp_(playwright)" title="Edward Kemp (playwright)">Edward Kemp</a> was premiered as a stage production at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">RADA</a> in 2015 <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and broadcast as a radio play on BBC Radio 3 in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, David Bryer updated his translation of <i><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></i> for a production by the Oxford Theatre Guild<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be performed at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity College</a>, Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pocket Classiques (1998), page 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Joseph E. Garreau ("Racine, Jean" in Hochman 1984, vol. 4, p. 194), the first public performance at the Bourgogne was on 7 November 1667, while George Saintsbury ("Racine, Jean" in <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition"><i>The Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 11th edition</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wto9AQAAMAAJ&q=%2210th+November+1667%22&pg=PR3">vol. 22, p. 776</a>) gives 10 November.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Zacharie_Jacob" title="Zacharie Jacob">Montfleury</a>, acting Orestes, burst a blood vessel and died.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Félix Guirand, <i>Andromaque,</i> Classiques Larousse 1933.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803101829/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/96624">"David Bryer, Sussex University"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/96624">the original</a> on 2021-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Bryer%2C+Sussex+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sussex.ac.uk%2Fprofiles%2F96624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheekbyjowl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1984-Andromache.compressed.pdf">"Cheek by Jowl programme for Andromache"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheek+by+Jowl+programme+for+Andromache&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheekbyjowl.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F02%2F1984-Andromache.compressed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/4196391.andromaque-oxford-playhouse/">"Andromaque: the Oxford Playhouse"</a>. <i>Oxford Mail</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Andromaque%3A+the+Oxford+Playhouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F4196391.andromaque-oxford-playhouse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheekbyjowl.com/productions/andromache/">"Cheek by Jowl - Andromache"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheek+by+Jowl+-+Andromache&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheekbyjowl.com%2Fproductions%2Fandromache%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08bbghs">"BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3, Andromache"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+3+-+Drama+on+3%2C+Andromache&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb08bbghs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08bbghs">"BBC Radio 3 - Drama on 3, Andromache"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+3+-+Drama+on+3%2C+Andromache&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb08bbghs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordtheatreguild.com/productions/2021/andromache">"Andromache performed by the Oxford Theatre Guild"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andromache+performed+by+the+Oxford+Theatre+Guild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordtheatreguild.com%2Fproductions%2F2021%2Fandromache&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803101829/https://www.ticketsoxford.com/events/andromache-by-jean-racine">"Andromache on Tickets Oxford"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ticketsoxford.com/events/andromache-by-jean-racine">the original</a> on 2021-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andromache+on+Tickets+Oxford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ticketsoxford.com%2Fevents%2Fandromache-by-jean-racine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hochman, Stanley, editor (1984). <i>McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama</i> (second edition, 5 volumes). New York: McGraw-Hill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780070791695" title="Special:BookSources/9780070791695">9780070791695</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRacine1994" class="citation book cs1">Racine, Jean (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/andromaque00raci"><i>Andromaque</i></a></span>. Folio Editions. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Éditions Gallimard</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-07-038652-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-07-038652-9"><bdi>978-2-07-038652-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andromaque&rft.series=Folio+Editions&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Gallimard&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-07-038652-9&rft.aulast=Racine&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fandromaque00raci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRacine1998" class="citation book cs1">Racine, Jean (1998). <i>Andromaque</i>. Pocket Classiques. Éditions Pocket. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-266-08279-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-266-08279-2"><bdi>978-2-266-08279-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andromaque&rft.series=Pocket+Classiques&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Pocket&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-2-266-08279-2&rft.aulast=Racine&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRacine1967" class="citation book cs1">Racine, Jean (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/andromacheotherp00raci"><i>Andromache/Berenice/Britannicus</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044195-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044195-6"><bdi>0-14-044195-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andromache%2FBerenice%2FBritannicus&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-14-044195-6&rft.aulast=Racine&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fandromacheotherp00raci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromaque" class="Z3988"></span> (English translation by J. Cairncross)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromaque&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.tclt.org.uk/racine/Racine_2011.pdf"><i>Andromaque</i>, English and French, side by side</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litteratureaudio.com/livre-audio-gratuit-mp3/racine-jean-andromaque.html/">Andromaque, audio version</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speaker_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/20px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/40px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_plays_of_Jean_Racine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jean_Racine" title="Template:Jean Racine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jean_Racine" title="Template talk:Jean Racine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jean_Racine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jean Racine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_plays_of_Jean_Racine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The plays of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_le_Grand" title="Alexandre le Grand">Alexandre le Grand</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andromaque</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athalie" title="Athalie">Athalie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bajazet_(play)" title="Bajazet (play)">Bajazet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice (play)">Bérénice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Britannicus_(play)" title="Britannicus (play)">Britannicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esther_(play)" title="Esther (play)">Esther</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie" title="Iphigénie">Iphigénie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Th%C3%A9ba%C3%AFde" title="La Thébaïde">La Thébaïde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Plaideurs" title="Les Plaideurs">Les Plaideurs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mithridate_(Racine)" title="Mithridate (Racine)">Mithridate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A8dre" title="Phèdre">Phèdre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jean_Racine&#039;s_Andromaque_(1667)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andromaque" title="Template:Andromaque"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andromaque" title="Template talk:Andromaque"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andromaque" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andromaque"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jean_Racine&#039;s_Andromaque_(1667)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andromaque</a></i> (1667)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermione_(mythology)" title="Hermione (mythology)">Hermione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andromache_(play)" title="Andromache (play)">Andromache</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andromaque_(opera)" title="Andromaque (opera)">Andromaque</a></i> (1780)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ermione" title="Ermione">Ermione</a></i> (1819)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story" title="Story within a story">Story within a story</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amour_fou_(1969_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Amour fou (1969 film)">L'Amour fou</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marquise_(film)" title="Marquise (film)">Marquise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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