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id="toc-Iphianassa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iphianassa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Iphianassa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iphianassa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Among_the_Taurians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_the_Taurians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Among the Taurians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_the_Taurians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Among_the_Etruscans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_the_Etruscans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Among the Etruscans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_the_Etruscans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Homer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Homer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Homer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Homer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Lucretius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Lucretius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In Lucretius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Lucretius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ballet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ballet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ballet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ballet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Modern sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iphigenia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إيفيجينيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيفيجينيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0figeniya" title="İfigeniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfigeniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іфігенія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іфігенія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ифигения – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ифигения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dfigenie" title="Ífigenie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ífigenie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenie" title="Iphigenie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iphigenie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigeneia" title="Iphigeneia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iphigeneia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ιφιγένεια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιφιγένεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایفیگنیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایفیگنیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie" title="Iphigénie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iphigénie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifixenia" title="Ifixenia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ifixenia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%BC%EA%B2%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84" title="이피게네이아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이피게네이아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D6%83%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իփիգենիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իփիգենիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenija" title="Ifigenija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ifigenija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia_(mitologia)" title="Ifigenia (mitologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ifigenia (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="איפיגניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איפיגניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იფიგენია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იფიგენია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ифигения – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ифигения" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ef%C3%AEgenia" title="Îfîgenia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îfîgenia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iphigenia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenija" title="Ifigenija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ifigenija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigeneia" title="Iphigeneia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iphigeneia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ифигенија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ифигенија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇഫിഗേനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഫിഗേനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenia_(mythologie)" title="Iphigenia (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iphigenia (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%94%E3%82%B2%E3%83%8D%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2" title="イーピゲネイア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イーピゲネイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifig%C3%A9nia" title="Ifigénia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ifigénia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ифигения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ифигения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigjenia" title="Ifigjenia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ifigjenia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iphigenia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ифигенија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ифигенија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenija" title="Ifigenija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ifigenija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigeneia" title="Ifigeneia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ifigeneia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifigenia" title="Ifigenia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ifigenia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Iphigenia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0figenia" title="İfigenia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İfigenia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іфігенія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Iphigenia (disambiguation)">Iphigenia (disambiguation)</a>. For the saint, see <a href="/wiki/Ephigenia_of_Ethiopia" title="Ephigenia of Ethiopia">Ephigenia of Ethiopia</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_(VI_8_5)_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/300px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/450px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg/600px-Wall_painting_-_sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Pompeii_%28VI_8_5%29_-_Napoli_MAN_9112_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3505" data-file-height="3557" /></a><figcaption>Sacrifice of Iphigenia. Antique fresco from Pompeii, probably a copy of a painting by <a href="/wiki/Timanthes" title="Timanthes">Timanthes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg/220px-The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg/330px-The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg/440px-The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrier_(painter)" title="François Perrier (painter)">François Perrier</a>'s <i>The Sacrifice of Iphigenia</i> (17th century), depicting <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Iphigenia</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἰφιγένεια</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Iphigéneia</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[iːpʰiɡéneː.a]</a></span>) was a daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a>, and thus a princess of <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>. </p><p>In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> on his way to the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> by hunting and killing one of Artemis' sacred stags. She retaliates by preventing the Greek troops from reaching <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> unless Agamemnon kills his eldest daughter, Iphigenia, at <a href="/wiki/Aulis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Aulis (ancient Greece)">Aulis</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifice</a>. In some versions, Iphigenia dies at Aulis, and in others, Artemis rescues her.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2022_55–101_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2022_55–101-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the version where she is saved, she goes to the <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Taurians</a> and meets her brother <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evans141_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evans141-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Iphigenia" means "strong-born," "born to strength," or "she who causes the birth of strong offspring."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iphianassa">Iphianassa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Iphianassa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iphianassa (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἰφιάνασσα</span></span>) is the name of one of <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s three daughters in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> (ix.145, 287)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Iphianassa may be simply an older variant of the name Iphigenia. "Not all poets took Iphigenia and Iphianassa to be two names for the same heroine," Kerenyi remarks,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "though it is certain that to begin with they served indifferently to address the same divine being, who had not belonged from all time to the family of Agamemnon." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_mythology">In mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Greek mythology, Iphigenia appears as the Greek fleet gathers in <a href="/wiki/Aulis_(ancient_Greece)" title="Aulis (ancient Greece)">Aulis</a> to prepare for war against <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. Here, <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>, the leader of the Greeks, hunts and then kills a deer in a grove sacred to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel1981_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel1981-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artemis punishes Agamemnon by acting upon the winds, so that Agamemnon's fleet cannot sail to Troy. <a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> the seer tells Agamemnon that to appease Artemis, he must sacrifice his eldest daughter, Iphigenia. At first he refuses but, pressured by the other commanders, agrees.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel1981_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel1981-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg/220px-Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg/330px-Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg/440px-Antakya_Archaeological_Museum_Ephygenia_in_Aulis_mosaic_6062.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Mosaic, 5th-century CE. From left to right: Iphigenia, Clytemnestra, Agamemnon.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iphigenia and her mother <a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> are brought to Aulis, under the pretence that <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> will marry her. In some versions of the story, they realise the truth, while in others, Iphigenia remains unaware of her imminent sacrifice until the last moment, believing until the moment of her death that she is being led to the altar to be married. </p><p>In some versions, such as <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a>' <i>Fabulae</i>, Iphigenia is not sacrificed.<sup id="cite_ref-Stanford_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources claim that Iphigenia was taken by Artemis to <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Tauri_and_Scythians" title="History of Crimea">Tauris</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>) at the moment of the sacrifice, the goddess having left a deer in her stead,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or else a goat (actually the god <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (mythology)">Pan</a>) in her place. </p><p> Euripides' description of her sacrifice is as follows: </p><blockquote><p>"...we brought your child to the place where the Greek army had gathered, all together and all at once. When King Agamemnon saw his daughter proceeding to the altar to her death, he heaved a deep sigh and turned his head to one side and wept. He covered his eyes with his robe. But the young girl stood beside her father who had given her life and said: 'Fathers, as you bid me, I am here. I give my body, freely on behalf of my country, for all the land of Greece. Lead me to the altar. There, if that is the gods' will, sacrifice me. May this gift from me bring you success. May you win the crown of victory and win thereafter a glorious homecoming. And no, do not let any man lay his hands upon me. In peace and in good heart I offer you my throat.' So she spoke, and all stood by in wonder at the courage, yes, the virtue of her words. Then Talthybius, for so he was commanded, stood before the assembled army and ordered them to watch and keep holy silence. The Calchas, the prophet, took from its sheath a sharp knife and put it in a basket studded with gold. And upon the young girl's head he put a garland. Achilles, son of Peleus, circled the altar of the goddess, basket in hand, and upon her he sprinkled holy water and he said, 'Artemis, daughter of Zeus, slayer of wild beasts, you that spin the silver light at night, receive this sacrifice which we offer to you. We the Greek army and King Agamemnon offer to you the pure blood that flows from a virgin's throat. Grant our ships an untroubled journey. Grant that our spears will sack the towers of Troy.' The priest seized the knife and offered a prayer as he looked for a place to plunge the knife's point. My soul was deeply troubled and in pain. I stood by, head lowered. Suddenly, it was a miracle: everyone had heard the sound of the knife – but no one could see where in the world the young maiden had disappeared to. The priest cried out. The army echoed his cry, and then they saw the miracle, impossible to believe even as it happened before their eyes. There on the ground lay a deer, gasping for breath. She was a full-grown deer, beautiful, and the altar of the goddess was dripping with her blood. Then Calchas spoke – imagine the joy! – 'Leaders of this the Greek army, do you see this victim that the goddess has laid upon her own altar? This mountain deer? She accepts this offering with greater gladness than the child. For her altar will not now be stained with noble blood. She rejoices in the sacrifice. And she grants us fair sailing and success at Troy. Therefore, courage! To arms, to the ships! For on this day we must leave the hallow bay of Aulis and cross the Aegean Sea.' When the carcass had been reduced to ashes in Hephaestus's fire, Calchas offered a prayer for the safe homecoming of the army. Agamemnon sent me to tell you these things, to tell you of the good fortune he has received from the gods, and of the fame that is now his and will not die, I tell you what I saw. For I was there. There is no doubt your child has been taken to live amongst the gods."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiodic</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Women" title="Catalogue of Women">Catalogue of Women</a></i> called her Iphimede (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἰφιμέδη</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and told that Artemis transformed her into the goddess <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Liberalis" title="Antoninus Liberalis">Antoninus Liberalis</a> said that Iphigenia was transported to the <a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Black_Sea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake Island (Black Sea)">island of Leuke</a>, where she was wedded to <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortalized</a> <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> under the name Orsilochia. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg/220px-Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg/330px-Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg/440px-Artemis_and_Iphigeneia_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN481-82a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4671" data-file-height="7000" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Artemis rescuing Iphigenia, 1st century AD, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>'s <i>Agamemnon</i>, the first play in the <i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Oresteia</a></i>, the sacrifice of Iphigenia is given as one reason for Clytemnestra and her lover <a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a> to plan to murder Agamemnon. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_at_Aulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigenia at Aulis">Iphigenia at Aulis</a></i>, it is <a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> who convinces Agamemnon to heed the seer Calchas's advice. After Agamemnon sends a message to Clytemnestra informing her of Iphigenia's supposed marriage, he immediately regrets his decision and tries to send another letter telling them not to come. Menelaus intercepts the letter and he and Agamemnon argue. Menelaus insists that it is Agamemnon's duty to do all he can to aid the Greeks. Clytemnestra arrives at Aulis with Iphigenia and the infant <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a>. Agamemnon tries to convince Clytemnestra to go back to Argos, but Clytemnestra insists on staying for the wedding. When she sees Achilles, Clytemnestra mentions the marriage; Achilles, however, appears to be unaware of it, and she and Iphigenia gradually learn the truth. Achilles, angry that Agamemnon has used him in his plot, vows to help prevent the murder of Iphigenia. Iphigenia and Clytemnestra plead with Agamemnon to spare his daughter's life. Achilles informs them that the Greek army, eager for war, has learned of the seer's advice and now demand that Iphigenia be sacrificed. If Agamemnon refuses, it is likely they will turn on him and kill him and his family. Iphigenia, knowing she is doomed, decides to be sacrificed willingly, reasoning that as a mere mortal, she cannot go against the will of a goddess. She also believes that her death will be heroic, as it is for the good of all Greeks. Iphigenia exits, and the sacrifice takes place offstage. Later, Clytemnestra is told of her daughter's purported death—and how at the last moment, the gods spared Iphigenia and whisked her away, replacing her with a deer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/220px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/330px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg/440px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_MAN_Napoli_Inv111439.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Iphigenia as a priestess of <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Tauri_and_Scythians" title="History of Crimea">Tauris</a> sets out to greet prisoners, amongst which are her brother <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> and his friend <a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a>; a Roman fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>, 1st century AD</figcaption></figure> <p>Euripides' other play about Iphigenia, <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i>, takes place after the sacrifice, and after Orestes has killed Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_(god)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo (god)">Apollo</a> orders Orestes—to escape persecution by the <a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a> for killing his mother, Clytemnestra, and her lover—to go to Tauris.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Tauris, Orestes is to carry off the <i><a href="/wiki/Xoanon" title="Xoanon">xoanon</a></i> (carved wooden cult image) of Artemis, which had fallen from heaven, and bring it to Athens. When Orestes arrives at Tauris with <a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Strophius" title="Strophius">Strophius</a> and intimate friend of Orestes, the pair are immediately captured by the <a href="/wiki/Cimmerians#The_Tauri" title="Cimmerians">Tauri</a>, who have a custom of sacrificing all Greek strangers to Artemis. Iphigenia is the priestess of Artemis, and it is her duty to perform the sacrifice. Iphigenia and Orestes don't recognize each other (Iphigenia thinks her brother is dead—a key point). Iphigenia finds out from Orestes, who is still concealing his identity, that Orestes is alive. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg/220px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg/330px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg/440px-Pompeii_-_Casa_del_Centenario_-_Orest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption>Scene from the tragedy <i>Iphigenia in Tauris</i> by Euripides. In the center Orestes, on the left Pylades, on the right Iphigeneia. Antique fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iphigenia then offers to release Orestes if he will carry home a letter from her to Greece. Orestes refuses to go, and bids Pylades to take the letter while Orestes will stay to be slain. After a conflict of mutual affection, Pylades at last yields, and the letter makes brother and sister recognize each other, and all three escape together, carrying with them the image of Artemis. After they return to Greece—having been saved from dangers by Athena along the way—Athena orders Orestes to take the Xoanon to the town of Halae, where he is to build a temple for Artemis Tauropolos. At the annual festival held there, in honor of Artemis, a single drop of blood must be drawn from the throat of a man to commemorate Orestes's near-sacrifice. Athena sends Iphigenia to the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Artemis_at_Brauron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron">sanctuary of Artemis at Brauron</a> where she is to be the priestess until she dies. According to the Spartans, however, they carried the image of Artemis to <a href="/wiki/Laconia" title="Laconia">Laconia</a>, where the goddess was worshipped as <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Orthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Orthia">Artemis Orthia</a>. </p><p>These close identifications of Iphigenia with Artemis encourage some scholars to believe that she was originally a hunting goddess, whose cult was subsumed by the Olympian Artemis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Among_the_Taurians">Among the Taurians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Among the Taurians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salle_de_Diane_(Louvre)_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg/220px-Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg/330px-Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg/440px-Salle_de_Diane_%28Louvre%29_-_Oreste_et_Iphig%C3%A9nie_enlevant_la_statue_de_Diane_Taurique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Orestes and Iphigéneia stealing the statue of Diana <a href="/wiki/Tauri" title="Tauri">Tauria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The people of <a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Tauris/Taurica</a> facing the <a href="/wiki/Euxine_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine Sea">Euxine Sea</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worshipped the maiden goddess Artemis. Some very early Greek sources in the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Cycle" title="Epic Cycle">Epic Cycle</a> affirmed that Artemis rescued Iphigenia from the human sacrifice her father was about to perform, for instance in the lost epic <i><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a></i>, which survives in a summary by <a href="/wiki/Proclus" title="Proclus">Proclus</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Artemis ... snatched her away and transported her to the Tauroi, making her immortal, and put a stag in place of the girl [Iphigenia] upon the altar." The goddess swept the young princess off to Tauris where she became a priestess at the Temple of Artemis. </p><p>The earliest known accounts of the purported death of Iphigenia are included in Euripides' <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_at_Aulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigenia at Aulis">Iphigenia at Aulis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i>, both Athenian tragedies of the fifth century BC set in the Heroic Age. In the dramatist's version, the Taurians worshipped both Artemis and Iphigenia in the Temple of Artemis at Tauris. Other variants include her being rescued at her sacrifice by Artemis and transformed into the goddess <a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example includes Iphigenia's brother, Orestes, discovering her identity and helping him steal an image of Artemis.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Possible reasons for key discrepancies in the telling of the myth by playwrights such as Euripides are to make the story more palatable for audiences and to allow sequels using the same characters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many traditions arose from the sacrifice of Iphigenia. One prominent version is credited to the Spartans. Rather than sacrificing virgins, they would whip a male victim in front of a sacred image of Artemis. However, most tributes to Artemis inspired by the sacrifice were more traditional. Taurians especially performed sacrifices of bulls and virgins in honour of Artemis.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Among_the_Etruscans">Among the Etruscans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Among the Etruscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The myth was retold in classical Greece and Italy, and it became most popular in Etruria, especially in <a href="/wiki/Perusia" title="Perusia">Perusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second and first centuries BC the Etruscans adorned their cremation-urns with scenes from the sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common scene: "Iphigenia, a little girl, is held over the altar by Odysseus while Agamemnon performs the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aparchai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aparchai (page does not exist)">aparchai</a></i>. Clytemnestra stands beside Agamemnon and Achilles beside Odysseus and each one begs for the life of Iphigenia." This version is closest to the myth as the Romans told it.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Homer">In Homer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Homer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sacrifice of Iphigenia is not explicitly mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, although scholars argue that it is presupposed by <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s criticism of <a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> 1.105-108; Nelson has developed this suggestion further by arguing that the story of Iphigenia's sacrifice lies allusively behind the opening scenes of the <i>Iliad</i>: "both the debate over <a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a> and her eventual return to her father replay and rework the sacrifice story."<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_2022_55–101_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2022_55–101-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has highlighted six key elements that are shared by each story: </p> <ol><li>Agamemnon offends a deity and is punished.</li> <li>Calchas discloses divine displeasure and proposes a solution: Agamemnon must give up a prized woman from his possession.</li> <li>Achilles loses a potential bride.</li> <li>Odysseus collects and brings this woman to her father by the altar.</li> <li>Sacrifice is performed at the altar.</li> <li>After the sacrifice, the Greeks receive a favorable wind from the offended deity and sail to Troy.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Lucretius">In Lucretius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Lucretius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sacrifice of Iphigenia appears in the ancient Roman didactic poem <i><a href="/wiki/De_rerum_natura" title="De rerum natura">De rerum natura</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a> as a criticism of religion. Anticipating that his poem will seem sacrilegious, Lucretius attacks the virtue of religion by recounting the story of Iphigenia, which he considers a cruel story of a parent "making his child a sacrificial beast" on her wedding day. Lucretius concludes "such are the crimes to which Religion leads."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg/440px-Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo_-_The_Sacrifice_of_Iphigenia_-_Villa_Valmarana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2710" /></a><figcaption><i>The Sacrifice of Iphigenia</i> (1757) by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ballet">Ballet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ballet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Iphigénie</i>, ballet by <a href="/wiki/Charles_le_Picq" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles le Picq">Charles le Picq</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_(film)" title="Iphigenia (film)">Iphigenia</a></i>, 1977 Greek film by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cacoyannis" title="Michael Cacoyannis">Michael Cacoyannis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Songs_of_the_Kings" title="The Songs of the Kings">The Songs of the Kings</a></i>, novel by <a href="/wiki/Barry_Unsworth" title="Barry Unsworth">Barry Unsworth</a>.</li> <li>"A Memory of Wind", short story by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Swirsky" title="Rachel Swirsky">Rachel Swirsky</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon%27s_Daughter" title="Agamemnon's Daughter">Agamemnon's Daughter</a></i>, novel by <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Kadare" title="Ismail Kadare">Ismail Kadare</a>.</li> <li><i>A Fair Wind For Troy,</i> a novel by <a href="/wiki/Doris_Gates" title="Doris Gates">Doris Gates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera">Opera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Aulide" title="Iphigénie en Aulide">Iphigénie en Aulide</a></i>, opera by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Christoph Willibald Gluck</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride_(Desmarets_and_Campra)" title="Iphigénie en Tauride (Desmarets and Campra)">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i>, opera by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Desmarets" title="Henri Desmarets">Henri Desmarets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Campra" title="André Campra">André Campra</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifigenia_in_Tauride_(Traetta)" title="Ifigenia in Tauride (Traetta)">Ifigenia in Tauride</a></i>, opera by <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Traetta" title="Tommaso Traetta">Tommaso Traetta</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride" title="Iphigénie en Tauride">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i>, opera by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Christoph Willibald Gluck</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride_(Piccinni)" title="Iphigénie en Tauride (Piccinni)">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i>, opera by <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinni" title="Niccolò Piccinni">Niccolò Piccinni</a></li> <li><i>Iphigenia</i>, 2021 opera by <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Spalding" title="Esperanza Spalding">Esperanza Spalding</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_at_Aulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigenia at Aulis">Iphigenia at Aulis</a></i>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie" title="Iphigénie">Iphigénie</a> en Aulide</i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a>.</li> <li><i>Iphigenia</i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a>.</li> <li><i>Ifigeneia</i>, rewrite of the play by <a href="/wiki/Finn_Iunker" title="Finn Iunker">Finn Iunker</a></li> <li><i>Iphigenia at Aulis</i>, the first part of <i>The Greeks</i> trilogy, adapted and directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Barton_(director)" title="John Barton (director)">John Barton</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">Royal Shakespeare Company</a> in 1980.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_(1893).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG/220px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG/330px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG/440px-Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_V.Serov_%281893%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption><i>Iphigenia in Tauris</i> (1893) by <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Serov" title="Valentin Serov">Valentin Serov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Benjamin_West_-_Pylades_and_Orestes_Brought_as_Victims_before_Iphigenia_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="2699" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pylades" title="Pylades">Pylades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> Brought as Victims before Iphigenia</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>, 1766</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenie_auf_Tauris" class="mw-redirect" title="Iphigenie auf Tauris">Iphigenie auf Tauris</a></i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>.</li> <li><i>Daughters of Atreus</i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Turney" title="Robert Turney">Robert Turney</a></li> <li><i>Iphigenia</i>, play by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Coster" title="Samuel Coster">Samuel Coster</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Iphigenia</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ennius" title="Ennius">Ennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, narrative poem by <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> (books 12<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 13<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><i>Iphigenia at Aulis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poem by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Savage_Landor" title="Walter Savage Landor">Walter Savage Landor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg/220px-Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg/330px-Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg/440px-Feuerbach_Iphigenie1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3069" data-file-height="4418" /></a><figcaption><i>Iphigenie</i> (1862) by <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Feuerbach" title="Anselm Feuerbach">Anselm Feuerbach</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1843, botanist <a href="/wiki/Kunth" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunth">Kunth</a> published <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_(plant)" title="Iphigenia (plant)">Iphigenia</a></i>, which is a plant genus in the family <a href="/wiki/Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a> and it was named after <i>Iphigenia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Madeline_Miller" title="Madeline Miller">Madeline Miller</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Achilles" title="The Song of Achilles">The Song of Achilles</a></i>, Iphigenia comes to Aulis under the belief that she is to marry Achilles. Instead, she is unwillingly sacrificed to appease Artemis. </p><p>In the movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_of_a_Sacred_Deer" title="The Killing of a Sacred Deer">The Killing of a Sacred Deer</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kidman" title="Nicole Kidman">Nicole Kidman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a>, the myth is drawn into a present-day thriller where the family of a surgeon is haunted because of his accidental killing of a patient years before. One after the other the surgeon's children are plagued with paralysis (a direct allusion to Agamemnon's immobile armies) and the surgeon's family is forced to sacrifice one of its members to atone for the accidental surgical killing. The myth is even directly invoked by the movie when the children's school administrator states that the daughter wrote a great essay on Iphigenia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_the_Death_of_Iphigenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Depictions of the Death of Iphigenia">Depictions of the Death of Iphigenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jephthah#Sacrifice_of_daughter" title="Jephthah">Jephthah</a>, a similar Biblical story</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoas_(king_of_the_Taurians)" title="Thoas (king of the Taurians)">Thoas (king of the Taurians)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nelson_2022_55–101-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_2022_55–101_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nelson_2022_55–101_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNelson2022" class="citation journal cs1">Nelson, Thomas J. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/852866">"Iphigenia in the Iliad and the Architecture of Homeric Allusion"</a>. <i>TAPA</i>. <b>152</b>: 55–101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fapa.2022.0007">10.1353/apa.2022.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248236106">248236106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAPA&rft.atitle=Iphigenia+in+the+Iliad+and+the+Architecture+of+Homeric+Allusion&rft.volume=152&rft.pages=55-101&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fapa.2022.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248236106%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F852866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evans141-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evans141_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evans (1970), p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2351428">Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, <i>s.v.</i> "Iphigenia"</a> and Rush Rehm, <i>The Play of Space</i> (2002, 188). <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kerenyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Kerenyi">Karl Kerenyi</a>, aware of Iphigenia's obscure pre-history as an autonomous goddess rather than a mere marriageable girl in the house of Agamemnon, renders her name "she who governs births mightily" (Kerenyi 1959:331).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The three are <a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a>, Laodice (the double of <a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a>) and Iphianassa. In <i>Iliad</i> ix, the embassy to Achilles is empowered to offer him one of Agamemnon's three daughters, implying that Iphianassa/Iphigenia is still living, as Friedrich Solmsen 1981:353 points out.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kerenyi 1959:331, noting <a href="/wiki/Sophocles" title="Sophocles">Sophocles</a>, <i>Elektra</i> 157. Kerenyi clearly distinguishes between parallel accounts of Iphigenia. "It is possible in the <i><a href="/wiki/Cypria" title="Cypria">Cypria</a></i> Agamemnon was given four daughters, Iphigenia being distinguished from Iphianassa," Friedrich Solmsen remarks, (Solmsen 1981:353 note 1) also noting the scholium on <i>Elektra</i> 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel1981-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siegel1981_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siegel1981_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel1981" class="citation journal cs1">Siegel, Herbert (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SIEAIE-2">"Agamemnon in Euripides' "Iphigenia at Aulis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Hermes</i>. <b>109</b> (3): 257–65. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4476212">4476212</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hermes&rft.atitle=Agamemnon+in+Euripides%27+%22Iphigenia+at+Aulis%22&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=257-65&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4476212%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FSIEAIE-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715141853/https://web.stanford.edu/~plomio/iphigenia.html">"Mortal women of the Trojan War: Iphigenia"</a>. Stanford University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/~plomio/iphigenia.html">the original</a> on July 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mortal+women+of+the+Trojan+War%3A+Iphigenia&rft.pub=Stanford+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2F~plomio%2Fiphigenia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pseudo-Apollodorus, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Epitome of the Library</a></i> 3.21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuripides1997" class="citation book cs1">Euripides (1997). Rudall, Nicholas (ed.). <i>Iphigenia in Aulis</i>. Ivan R Dee. pp. 65–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56663-112-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56663-112-2"><bdi>1-56663-112-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iphigenia+in+Aulis&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Ivan+R+Dee&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56663-112-2&rft.au=Euripides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This fragmentary passage (fr. 23(a)17–26), found among the <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Oxyrhynchus Papyri</a>, has been restored to its proper place in the <i>Ehoeae</i>, the Hesiodic <i>Catalogue</i>, in modern times; the awkward insertion of <i><a href="/wiki/Eidolon_(apparition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidolon (apparition)">eidolon</a></i>—the <i>image</i> of Iphimede—and lines where Artemis saves her are considered a later interpolation by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Solmsen" title="Friedrich Solmsen">Friedrich Solmsen</a>, "The Sacrifice of Agamemnon's Daughter in Hesiod's' Ehoeae" <i>The American Journal of Philology</i> <b>102</b>.4 (Winter 1981), pp. 353–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">this doesn't appear in any of the surviving passages of the Hesiodic catalogue but is attested for it by Pausanias, 1.43.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tauris is now the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea#Antiquity" title="History of Crimea">Crimea</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Donald Hughes, "Goddess of Conservation." <i>Forest and Conservation History</i> 34.4 (1990): 191–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Taurica" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurica">Taurica</a> (Greek: Ταυρίς, Ταυρίδα, Latin: Taurica) also known as the Tauric Chersonese and Chersonesus Taurica, was the name of <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> in Antiquity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta</i>, ed. G. Kinkel, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hesiod, The Catalogues</i>, TRANS. by H. G. Evelyn-White, fragment 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin pp. 73–75: "Iphigenia Among the Taurians"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Dennis1848" class="citation book cs1">George Dennis (1848). <i>The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria</i>. Vol. 2. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cities+and+Cemeteries+of+Etruria&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1848&rft.au=George+Dennis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span>, 463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilo,_ChiaraGiuman,_Marco2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pilo, Chiara; Giuman, Marco (2015). "Greek Myth on Etruscan Urns from Perusia: the sacrifice of Iphigenia". <i>Etruscan Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 97–125. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fetst-2015-0016">10.1515/etst-2015-0016</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11584%2F241492">11584/241492</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:193632035">193632035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Etruscan+Studies&rft.atitle=Greek+Myth+on+Etruscan+Urns+from+Perusia%3A+the+sacrifice+of+Iphigenia&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97-125&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11584%2F241492&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A193632035%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fetst-2015-0016&rft.au=Pilo%2C+Chiara&rft.au=Giuman%2C+Marco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_Evangeline_Devlin1914" class="citation book cs1">Helen Evangeline Devlin (1914). <i>The Development and Treatment of the Iphigenia Myth in Greek and Roman Literature</i>. University of Wisconsin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Development+and+Treatment+of+the+Iphigenia+Myth+in+Greek+and+Roman+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Helen+Evangeline+Devlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span>, page 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitus_Lucretius_Carus1916" class="citation book cs1">Titus Lucretius Carus (1916). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Of_the_Nature_of_Things_(Leonard)/Book_I"><i>Of the Nature of Things</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metamorphoses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fovid.lib.virginia.edu%2Ftrans%2FMetamorph12.htm%23486225986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/Metamorph13.htm#anchor_Toc64105840">"Metamorphoses"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metamorphoses&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryintranslation.com%2FPITBR%2FLatin%2FMetamorph13.htm%23anchor_Toc64105840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/41/554.html">"554. Iphigeneia. Walter Savage Landor. 1909–14. English Poetry II: From Collins to Fitzgerald. The Harvard Classics"</a>. 22 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=554.+Iphigeneia.+Walter+Savage+Landor.+1909%E2%80%9314.+English+Poetry+II%3A+From+Collins+to+Fitzgerald.+The+Harvard+Classics&rft.date=2022-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F41%2F554.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/browse/A/Colchicaceae/Iphigenia/">"Iphigenia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iphigenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Fbrowse%2FA%2FColchicaceae%2FIphigenia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kunth KS, <i>Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum</i>, vol. 4, p. 212. 1843</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_sources">Modern sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Modern sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Iphigenia" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iphigeneia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Iphigeneia">Iphigeneia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Bonnard, A. (1945) <i>Iphigénie à Aulis, Tragique et Poésie</i>, Museum Helveticum, Basel, v.2, pp. 87–107</li> <li>Croisille, J-M (1963) <i>Le sacrifice d'Iphigénie dans l'art romain et la littérature latine</i>, Latomus, Brussels, v. 22 pp. 209–25</li> <li>Decharme, P. "Iphigenia" In: C. d'Auremberg and E. Saglio, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_des_Antiquit%C3%A9s_Grecques_et_Romaines" title="Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines">Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines</a></i> v.3 (1ère partie), pp. 570–72 (1877–1919)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1970" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Bergen (1970). <i>Dictionary of Mythology</i>. New York: Dell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-20848-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-440-20848-3"><bdi>0-440-20848-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Mythology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dell+Publishing&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-440-20848-3&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Bergen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (1955) <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Myths" title="The Greek Myths">The Greek Myths</a></i>, Penguin, London, pp. 73–75</li> <li>Jouan, F. (1966) "Le Rassemblement d'Aulis et le Sacrifice d'Iphigénie", In: ______, <i>Euripide et les Légendes des Chants Cypriens</i>, Les Belles Lettres, Pris, pp. 73–75</li> <li>Kahil, L. (1991) "Le sacrifice d'Iphigénie" in: <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9langes_de_l%27%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_de_Rome" title="Mélanges de l'École française de Rome">Mélanges de l'École française de Rome</a>, Antiquité</i>, Rome, v. 103 pp. 183–96</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kerenyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Kerenyi">Kerenyi, Karl</a> (1959) <i>The Heroes of the Greeks</i>, Thames and Hudson, London and New York, pp. 331–36 et passim</li> <li>Kjelleberg, L. (1916) "Iphigenia" In: A.F. Pauly and G. Wissowa, <i>Real-Encyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft</i>, J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart, v. 9, pp. 2588–622</li> <li>Lloyd-Jones, H. (1983) "Artemis and Iphigenia", <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> <b>103</b>, pp. 87–102</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/apa.2022.0007">Nelson, T.J. (2022) ‘Iphigenia in the Iliad and the Architecture of Homeric Allusion’, <i>TAPA</i> 152, 55-101</a>.</li> <li>Peck, Harry (1898) "Iphigenia" in <i>Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities</i>, Harper and Brothers, New York</li> <li>Séchen, L. (1931) "Le Sacrifice d'Iphigénie", <i>Revue des Études Grecques</i>, Paris, pp. 368–426</li> <li>West, M.L. (1985) <i>The Hesiodic Catlogue of Women</i>, The Clarendon Press, Oxford</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Iphigenia"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Iphigenia">"Iphigenia" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. Vol. XV. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Iphigenia&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIphigenia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/arts/shock-and-awe-and-buckets-of-blood--it-must-be-kosky/2007/04/30/1177788059061.html">Contemporary interpretation of Gluck</a> by Australian <a href="/wiki/Barrie_Kosky" title="Barrie Kosky">Barrie Kosky</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Komische_Oper_Berlin" title="Komische Oper Berlin">Komische Oper Berlin</a>, May 1, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/ArtemisFavour.html#Iphigenia">"Iphigenia" on Theoi.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000354">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iphigenia" title="Template:Iphigenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iphigenia" title="Template talk:Iphigenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iphigenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iphigenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iphigenia_in_Aulis_and_Iphigenia_in_Tauris_by_Euripides" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Aulis" title="Iphigenia in Aulis">Iphigenia in Aulis</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Euripides" title="Euripides">Euripides</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iphigenia</a>'s family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Aulis" title="Iphigenia in Aulis">Iphigenia in Aulis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Aulide" title="Iphigénie en Aulide">Iphigénie en Aulide</a></i> (1774, Gluck)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie" title="Iphigénie">Iphigénie</a></i> (1674)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_(film)" title="Iphigenia (film)">Iphigenia</a></i> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Songs_of_the_Kings" title="The Songs of the Kings">The Songs of the Kings</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trilogy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bacchae" title="The Bacchae">The Bacchae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcmaeon_in_Corinth" title="Alcmaeon in Corinth">Alcmaeon in Corinth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bash:_Latter-Day_Plays" title="Bash: Latter-Day Plays">Bash: Latter-Day Plays</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_of_a_Sacred_Deer" title="The Killing of a Sacred Deer">The Killing of a Sacred Deer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride_(Desmarets_and_Campra)" title="Iphigénie en Tauride (Desmarets and Campra)">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i> (1699, Desmarets and Campra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifigenia_in_Tauride_(Vinci)" title="Ifigenia in Tauride (Vinci)">Ifigenia in Tauride</a></i> (1724, Vinci)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifigenia_in_Tauride_(Traetta)" title="Ifigenia in Tauride (Traetta)">Ifigenia in Tauride</a></i> (1763, Traetta)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifigenia_in_Tauride_(Jommelli)" title="Ifigenia in Tauride (Jommelli)">Ifigenia in Tauride</a></i> (1771, Jommelli)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride" title="Iphigénie en Tauride">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i> (1779, Gluck) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride_discography" title="Iphigénie en Tauride discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride_(Piccinni)" title="Iphigénie en Tauride (Piccinni)">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i> (1781, Piccinni)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris_(Goethe)" title="Iphigenia in Tauris (Goethe)">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i> (1779)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electra" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electra" title="Template:Electra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electra" title="Template talk:Electra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electra" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electra" title="Electra">Electra</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytemnestra" title="Clytemnestra">Clytemnestra</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegisthus" title="Aegisthus">Aegisthus</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestes" title="Orestes">Orestes</a> (brother)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iphigenia</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysothemis" title="Chrysothemis">Chrysothemis</a> (sister)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(film)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (film)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(1962_film)" title="Electra (1962 film)">Electra</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sandra_(1965_film)" title="Sandra (1965 film)">Sandra</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Pistolero" title="The Forgotten Pistolero">The Forgotten Pistolero</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra,_My_Love" title="Electra, My Love">Electra, My Love </a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Travelling_Players" title="The Travelling Players">The Travelling Players</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ellie_(film)" title="Ellie (film)">Ellie</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(2010_film)" title="Elektra (2010 film)">Electra</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Idom%C3%A9n%C3%A9e" title="Idoménée">Idoménée</a></i> (1712, Campra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a></i> (1780, Mozart)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia_(opera)" title="Oresteia (opera)">Oresteia</a></i> (1895, Taneyev)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">Elektra</a></i> (1909, Strauss/von Hofmannsthal) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_discography" title="Elektra discography">discography</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leben_des_Orest" title="Leben des Orest">Leben des Orest</a></i> (1930, Krenek)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(opera)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (opera)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1967, Levy/Butler)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oresteia" title="Oresteia">Oresteia</a></i> (458 BC, Aeschylus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Euripides_play)" title="Electra (Euripides play)">Electra</a></i> (c. 413 BC, Euripides)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_(play)" title="Orestes (play)">Orestes</a></i> (c. 408 BC, Euripides)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Sophocles_play)" title="Electra (Sophocles play)">Electra</a></i> (c. 405 BC, Sophocles)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Giraudoux_play)" title="Electra (Giraudoux play)">Electra</a></i> (1937, Giraudoux)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flies" title="The Flies">The Flies</a></i> (1943, Sartre)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Rajiva_Wijesinha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electra (Rajiva Wijesinha)">Elektra</a></i> (1971, Wijesinha)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (1931, O'Neill)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektra (comics)">Elektra</a> (1981, Marvel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Orestes_and_Electra" title="Orestes and Electra">Orestes and Electra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192673#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192673#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192673#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316807832">5</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8509159477652827990003">6</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/173473038">7</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/978735/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118555723">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2014085305">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61539926">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/tr577rcc1cdsq20">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810582950305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007460522405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620245106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118555723">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027939707">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&oldid=1258462032">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iphigenia&oldid=1258462032</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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