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insect</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: soil surface insect"> <meta name="keywords" content="soil surface insect"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="soil surface insect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9383</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: soil surface insect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9383</span> Soil Surface Insect Diversity of Tobacco Agricultural Ecosystem in Imogiri, Bantul District of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Faika%20Harianja">Martina Faika Harianja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahtamal"> Zahtamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indah%20Nuraini"> Indah Nuraini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Septi%20Mutia%20Handayani"> Septi Mutia Handayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20C.%20Hidayat%20Soesilohadi"> R. C. Hidayat Soesilohadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tobacco is a valuable commodity that supports economic growth in Indonesia. Soil surface insects are important components that influence productivity of tobacco. Thus, diversity of soil surface insects needs to be studied in order to acquire information about specific roles of each species in ecosystem. This research aimed to study the soil surface insect diversity of tobacco agricultural ecosystem in Imogiri, Bantul District of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Samples were collected by pitfall-sugar bait trap in August 2015. Result showed 5 orders, 8 families, and 17 genera of soil surface insects were found. The diversity category of soil surface insects in tobacco agricultural ecosystem was poor. Dominant genus was Monomorium with dominance index score 0.07588. Percentages of insects’ roles were omnivores 43%, detritivores 24%, predators 19%, and herbivores 14%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title="diversity">diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect" title=" soil surface insect"> soil surface insect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobacco" title=" tobacco"> tobacco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50355/soil-surface-insect-diversity-of-tobacco-agricultural-ecosystem-in-imogiri-bantul-district-of-yogyakarta-special-region-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50355.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9382</span> Measuring the Amount of Eroded Soil and Surface Runoff Water in the Field </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulfatah%20Faraj%20Aboufayed">Abdulfatah Faraj Aboufayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water erosion is the most important problems of the soil in the Jebel Nefusa area located in north west of Libya, therefore erosion station had been established in the Faculty of Veterinary and rainfed agriculture research Station, University of the Jepel Algherbee in Zentan. The length of the station is 72.6 feet, 6 feet width, and the percentage of it's slope is 3%. The station was established to measure the mount of soil eroded and amount of surface water produced during the seasons 95/96 and 96/97 from each rain storms. The Monitoring shows that there was a difference between the two seasons in the number of rainstorms which made differences in the amount of surface runoff water and the amount of soil eroded between the two seasons. Although the slope is low (3%), the soil texture is sandy and the land ploughed twice during each season surface runoff and soil eroded occurred. The average amount of eroded soil was 3792 grams (gr) per season and the average amount of surface runoff water was 410 litter (L) per season. The amount of surface runoff water would be much greater from Jebel Nefusa upland with steep slopes and collecting of them will save a valuable amount of water which lost as a runoff while this area is in desperate of this water. The regression analysis of variance show strong correlation between rainfall depth and the other two depended variable (the amount of surface runoff water and the amount of eroded soil). It shows also strong correlation between amount of surface runoff water and amount of eroded soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain" title="rain">rain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20runoff%20water" title=" surface runoff water"> surface runoff water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20erosion" title=" water erosion"> water erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2186/measuring-the-amount-of-eroded-soil-and-surface-runoff-water-in-the-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9381</span> Comparison of Different Techniques to Estimate Surface Soil Moisture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Farid%20F.%20Mojtahedi">S. Farid F. Mojtahedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Khosravi"> Ali Khosravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Naeimian"> Behnaz Naeimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Adel%20A.%20Hosseini"> S. Adel A. Hosseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Land subsidence is a gradual settling or sudden sinking of the land surface from changes that take place underground. There are different causes of land subsidence; most notably, ground-water overdraft and severe weather conditions. Subsidence of the land surface due to ground water overdraft is caused by an increase in the intergranular pressure in unconsolidated aquifers, which results in a loss of buoyancy of solid particles in the zone dewatered by the falling water table and accordingly compaction of the aquifer. On the other hand, exploitation of underground water may result in significant changes in degree of saturation of soil layers above the water table, increasing the effective stress in these layers, and considerable soil settlements. This study focuses on estimation of soil moisture at surface using different methods. Specifically, different methods for the estimation of moisture content at the soil surface, as an important term to solve Richard’s equation and estimate soil moisture profile are presented, and their results are discussed through comparison with field measurements obtained from Yanco1 station in south-eastern Australia. Surface soil moisture is not easy to measure at the spatial scale of a catchment. Due to the heterogeneity of soil type, land use, and topography, surface soil moisture may change considerably in space and time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20method" title=" empirical method"> empirical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20soil%20moisture" title=" surface soil moisture"> surface soil moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57123/comparison-of-different-techniques-to-estimate-surface-soil-moisture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9380</span> Experimental Investigation of the Failure Behavior of a Retaining Wall Constructed with Soil Bags</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kewei%20Fan">Kewei Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihong%20Liu"> Sihong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20Pik%20Cheng"> Yi Pik Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to analyse the failure behaviour of the retaining wall constructed with soil bags that are formed by filling river sand into woven bags (geosynthetics). Model tests were conducted to obtain the failure mode of the wall, and shear tests on two-layers and five-layers of soil bags were designed to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the interface of soil bags. The test results show that the slip surface in the soil bags-constructed retaining wall is ladder-like due to the inter-layer insertion of soil bags, and the wall above the ladder-like surface undergoes a rigid body translation. The insertion strengthens the shear strength of two-layer staggered-stacked soil bags. Meanwhile, it affects the shape of the slip surface of the five-layer staggered-stacked soil bags. Finally, the interlayer resisting friction of soil bags is found to be related to the shape of the slip surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetics" title="geosynthetics">geosynthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retaining%20wall" title=" retaining wall"> retaining wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20bag" title=" soil bag"> soil bag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20mode" title=" failure mode"> failure mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface" title=" interface"> interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105967/experimental-investigation-of-the-failure-behavior-of-a-retaining-wall-constructed-with-soil-bags" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9379</span> The Automated Soil Erosion Monitoring System (ASEMS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20N.%20Zaimes">George N. Zaimes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valasia%20Iakovoglou"> Valasia Iakovoglou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paschalis%20Koutalakis"> Paschalis Koutalakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20Ioannou"> Konstantinos Ioannou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ioannis%20Kosmadakis"> Ioannis Kosmadakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panagiotis%20Tsardaklis"> Panagiotis Tsardaklis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theodoros%20Laopoulos"> Theodoros Laopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancements in technology allow the development of a new system that can continuously measure surface soil erosion. Continuous soil erosion measurements are required in order to comprehend the erosional processes and propose effective and efficient conservation measures to mitigate surface erosion. Mitigating soil erosion, especially in Mediterranean countries such as Greece, is essential in order to maintain environmental and agricultural sustainability. In this paper, we present the Automated Soil Erosion Monitoring System (ASEMS) that measures surface soil erosion along with other factors that impact erosional process. Specifically, this system measures ground level changes (surface soil erosion), rainfall, air temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture. Another important innovation is that the data will be collected by remote communication. In addition, stakeholder’s awareness is a key factor to help reduce any environmental problem. The different dissemination activities that were utilized are described. The overall outcomes were the development of an innovative system that can measure erosion very accurately. These data from the system help study the process of erosion and find the best possible methods to reduce erosion. The dissemination activities enhance the stakeholder's and public's awareness on surface soil erosion problems and will lead to the adoption of more effective soil erosion conservation practices in Greece. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20management" title="soil management">soil management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technologies" title=" new technologies"> new technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20practices" title=" conservation practices"> conservation practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38394/the-automated-soil-erosion-monitoring-system-asems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9378</span> Soil Compaction by a Forwarder in Timber Harvesting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juang%20R.%20Matangaran">Juang R. Matangaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erianto%20I.%20Putra"> Erianto I. Putra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iis%20Diatin"> Iis Diatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mujahid"> Muhammad Mujahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Adlan"> Qi Adlan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial plantation forest is the producer of logs in Indonesia. Several companies of industrial plantation forest have been successfully planted with fast-growing species, and it entered their annual harvesting period. Heavy machines such as forwarders are used in timber harvesting to extract logs from stump to landing site. The negative impact of using such machines are loss of topsoil and soil compaction. Compacted soil is considered unfavorable for plant growth. The research objectives were to analyze the soil bulk density, rut, and cone index of the soil caused by a forwarder passes, to analyze the relation between several times of forwarder passes to the increase of soil bulk density. A Valmet forwarder was used in this research. Soil bulk density at soil surface and cone index from the soil surface to the 50 cm depth of soil were measured at the harvested area. The result showed that soil bulk density increase with the increase of the Valmet forwarder passes. Maximum soil bulk density occurred after 5 times forwarder Valmet passed. The cone index tended to increase from the surface until 50 cm depth of soil. Rut formed and high soil bulk density indicated the soil compaction occurred by the forwarder operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title="bulk density">bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forwarder%20Valmet" title=" forwarder Valmet"> forwarder Valmet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantation%20forest" title=" plantation forest"> plantation forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title=" soil compaction"> soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20harvesting" title=" timber harvesting"> timber harvesting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111245/soil-compaction-by-a-forwarder-in-timber-harvesting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9377</span> Contribution to the Study of the Rill Density Effects on Soil Erosion: Laboratory Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mouzai">L. Mouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouhadef"> M. Bouhadef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rills begin to be generated once overland flow shear capacity overcomes the soil surface resistance. This resistance depends on soil texture, the arrangement of soil particles and on chemical and physical properties. The rill density could affect soil erosion, especially when the distance between the rills (interrill) contributes to the variation of the rill characteristics, and consequently on sediment concentration. To investigate this point, agricultural sandy soil, a soil tray of 0.2x1x3m³ and a piece of hardwood rectangular in shape to build up rills were the base of this work. The results have shown that small lines have been developed between the rills and the flow acceleration increased in comparison to the flow on the flat surface (interrill). Sediment concentration increased with increasing rill number (density). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20rainfall" title="artificial rainfall">artificial rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiments" title=" experiments"> experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rills" title=" rills"> rills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20capacity" title=" transport capacity"> transport capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101222/contribution-to-the-study-of-the-rill-density-effects-on-soil-erosion-laboratory-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9376</span> Insect Manure (Frass) as a Complementary Fertilizer to Enhance Soil Mineralization Function: Application to Cranberry and Field Crops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo%C3%ABl%20Passicousset">Joël Passicousset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Gilbert"> David Gilbert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlo%C3%A9%20Chervier-Legourd"> Chloé Chervier-Legourd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Caron-Garant"> Emmanuel Caron-Garant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didier%20Labarre"> Didier Labarre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Living soil agriculture tries to reconciliate food production while improving soil health, soil biodiversity, soil fertility and more generally attenuating the inherent environmental drawbacks induced by modern agriculture. Using appropriate organic materials as soil amendments has a role to play in the aim of increasing the soil organic matter, improving soil fertility, sequestering carbon, and diminishing the dependence on both mineral fertilizer and pesticides. Insect farming consists in producing insects that can be used as a rich-in-protein and entomo-based food. Usually, detritivores are chosen, thus they can be fed with food wastes, which contributes to circular economy while producing low-carbon food. This process also produces frass, made of insect feces, exuvial material, and non-digested fibrous material, that have valuable fertilizer and biostimulation properties. But frass, used as a sole fertilizer on a crop may be not completely adequate for plants’ needs. This is why this project considers black soldier fly (termed BSF, one of the three main insect species grown commercially) frass as a complementary fertilizer, both in organic and in conventional contexts. Three kinds of experiments are made to understand the behaviour of fertilizer treatments based on frass incorporation. Lab-scale mineralization experiments suggest that BSF frass alone mineralizes more slowly than chicken manure alone (CM), but at a ratio of 90% CM-10% BSF frass, the mineralization rate of the mixture is higher than both frass and CM individually. For example, in the 7 days following the fertilization with same nitrogen amount introduced among treatments, around 80% of the nitrogen content supplied through 90% CM-10% BSF frass fertilization is present in the soil under mineral forms, compared to roughly 60% for commercial CM fertilization and 45% with BSF-frass. This suggests that BSF frass contains a more recalcitrant form of organic nitrogen than CM, but also that BSF frass has a highly active microbiota that can increase CM mineralization rate. Consequently, when progressive mineralization is needed, pure BSF-frass may be a consistent option from an agronomic aspect whereas, for specific crops that require spikes of readily available nitrogen sources (like cranberry), fast release 90CM-10BSF frass biofertilizer are more appropriate. Field experiments on cranberry suggests that, indeed, 90CM-10BSF frass is a potent candidate for organic cranberry production, as currently, organic growers rely solely on CM, whose mineralization kinetics are known to imperfectly match plant’s needs, which is known to be a major reason that sustains the current yield gap between conventional and organic cranberry sectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20mineralization" title="soil mineralization">soil mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofertilizer" title=" biofertilizer"> biofertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSF-frass" title=" BSF-frass"> BSF-frass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken%20manure" title=" chicken manure"> chicken manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20functions" title=" soil functions"> soil functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20microbiota" title=" soil microbiota"> soil microbiota</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175829/insect-manure-frass-as-a-complementary-fertilizer-to-enhance-soil-mineralization-function-application-to-cranberry-and-field-crops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9375</span> Ground Response Analysis at the Rukni Irrigation Project Site Located in Assam, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasturi%20Bhuyan"> Kasturi Bhuyan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present paper, Ground Response Analysis at the Rukni irrigation project has been thoroughly investigated. Surface level seismic hazard is mainly used by the practical Engineers for designing the important structures. Surface level seismic hazard can be obtained accounting the soil factor. Structures on soft soil will show more ground shaking than the structure located on a hard soil. The Surface level ground motion depends on the type of soil. Density and shear wave velocity is different for different types of soil. The intensity of the soil amplification depends on the density and shear wave velocity of the soil. Rukni irrigation project is located in the North Eastern region of India, near the Dauki fault (550 Km length) which has already produced earthquakes of magnitude (Mw= 8.5) in the past. There is a probability of a similar type of earthquake occuring in the future. There are several faults also located around the project site. There are 765 recorded strong ground motion time histories available for the region. These data are used to determine the soil amplification factor by incorporation of the engineering properties of soil. With this in view, three of soil bore holes have been studied at the project site up to a depth of 30 m. It has been observed that in Soil bore hole 1, the shear wave velocity vary from 99.44 m/s to 239.28 m/s. For Soil Bore Hole No 2 and 3, shear wave velocity vary from 93.24 m/s to 241.39 m/s and 93.24m/s to 243.01 m/s. In the present work, surface level seismic hazard at the project site has been calculated based on the Probabilistic seismic hazard approach accounting the soil factor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ground%20Response%20Analysis" title="Ground Response Analysis">Ground Response Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wave%20velocity" title=" shear wave velocity"> shear wave velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20amplification" title=" soil amplification"> soil amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20level%20seismic%20hazard" title=" surface level seismic hazard"> surface level seismic hazard</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26185/ground-response-analysis-at-the-rukni-irrigation-project-site-located-in-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">549</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9374</span> Investigation of Zinc Corrosion in Tropical Soil Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lebrini">M. Lebrini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Salhi"> L. Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Deyrat"> C. Deyrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Roos"> C. Roos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Nait-Rabah"> O. Nait-Rabah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a large experimental study on the corrosion of zinc in tropical soil and in the ground water at the various depths. Through this study, the corrosion rate prediction was done on the basis of two methods the electrochemical method and the gravimetric. The electrochemical results showed that the corrosion rate is more important at the depth levels 0 m to 0.5 m and 0.5 m to 1 m and beyond these depth levels, the corrosion rate is less important. The electrochemical results indicated also that a passive layer is formed on the zinc surface. The found SEM and EDX micrographs displayed that the surface is extremely attacked and confirmed that a zinc oxide layer is present on the surface whose thickness and relief increase as the contact with soil increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20corrosion" title="soil corrosion">soil corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galvanized%20steel" title=" galvanized steel"> galvanized steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20technique" title=" electrochemical technique"> electrochemical technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM%20and%20EDX" title=" SEM and EDX"> SEM and EDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153148/investigation-of-zinc-corrosion-in-tropical-soil-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9373</span> Date Palm Insects and Mite Pests at Biskra Oasis, South Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tarai">N. Tarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Seighi"> S. Seighi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Doumandji"> S. Doumandji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The date palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. are subject to infestation with a variety of insect pests and mite associated, the Carob moth Ectomyelois ceatoniae (Zeller)(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) is a key pest. Survey of the insect and mite pests associated with date palm trees in the seven stations at Biskra Oasis, throughout two successive years, from October 2011 until September 2012 revealed twelve insect pests belonging to ten families and six orders in addition to one mite belonging to one family from order Acari. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm" title="date palm">date palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect" title=" insect"> insect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pests" title=" pests"> pests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infestation" title=" infestation"> infestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mit" title=" mit"> mit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biskra" title=" Biskra"> Biskra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oasis" title=" Oasis "> Oasis </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3003/date-palm-insects-and-mite-pests-at-biskra-oasis-south-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9372</span> The Effect of Filter Cake Powder on Soil Stability Enhancement in Active Sand Dunes, In the Long and Short Term</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irit%20Rutman%20Halili">Irit Rutman Halili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tehila%20Zvulun"> Tehila Zvulun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natali%20%20Elgabsi"> Natali Elgabsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revaya%20Cohen"> Revaya Cohen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shlomo%20Sarig"> Shlomo Sarig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Active sand dunes (ASD) may cause significant damage to field crops and livelihood, and therefore, it is necessary to find a treatment that would enhance ADS soil stability. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) contain microorganisms on the soil surface. Metabolic polysaccharides secreted by biocrust cyanobacteria glue the soil particles into aggregates, thereby stabilizing the soil surface. Filter cake powder (FCP) is a waste by-product in the final stages of the production of sugar from sugarcane, and its disposal causes significant environmental pollution. FCP contains high concentrations of polysaccharides and has recently been shown to be soil stability enhancing agent in ASD. It has been reported that adding FCP to the ASD soil surface by dispersal significantly increases the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) nine weeks after a single treatment. However, it was not known whether a similar effect could be obtained by administering the FCP in liquid form by means of spraying. It has now been found that spraying a water solution of FCP onto the ASD soil surface significantly increased the level of penetration resistance of soil biocrust (PRSB) three weeks after a single treatment. These results suggest that FCP spraying can be used as a short-term soil stability-enhancing agent for ASD, while administration by dispersal might be more efficient over the long term. Finally, an additional benefit of using FCP as a soil stabilizer, either by dispersal or by spraying, is the reduction in environmental pollution that would otherwise result from the disposal of FCP solid waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20sand%20dunes" title="active sand dunes">active sand dunes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filter%20cake%20powder" title=" filter cake powder"> filter cake powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20soil%20crusts" title=" biological soil crusts"> biological soil crusts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penetration%20resistance%20of%20soil%20biocrust" title=" penetration resistance of soil biocrust"> penetration resistance of soil biocrust</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395/the-effect-of-filter-cake-powder-on-soil-stability-enhancement-in-active-sand-dunes-in-the-long-and-short-term" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9371</span> Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture on Soil Erosion: A Two-Year Field Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Da%20Chen">Yu-Da Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chun%20Wu"> Chia-Chun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between antecedent soil moisture content and soil erosion is a complicated phenomenon. Some studies confirm the effect of antecedent soil moisture content on soil erosion, but some deny it. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify such contradictions through field experiments. This study conducted two-year field observations of soil losses from natural rainfall events on runoff plots with a length of 10 meters, width of 3 meters, and uniform slope of 9%. Volumetric soil moisture sensors were used to log the soil moisture changes for each rainfall event. A total of 49 effective events were monitored. Results of this study show that antecedent soil moisture content promotes the generation of surface runoff, especially for rainfall events with short duration or lower magnitudes. A positive correlation was found between antecedent soil moisture content and soil loss per unit Rainfall-Runoff Erosivity Index, which indicated that soil with high moisture content is more susceptible to detachment. Once the rainfall duration exceeds 10 hours, the impact from the rainfall duration to soil erosion overwrites, and the effect of antecedent soil moisture is almost negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antecedent%20soil%20moisture%20content" title="antecedent soil moisture content">antecedent soil moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20loss" title=" soil loss"> soil loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20coefficient" title=" runoff coefficient"> runoff coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall-runoff%20erosivity" title=" rainfall-runoff erosivity"> rainfall-runoff erosivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070/influence-of-antecedent-soil-moisture-on-soil-erosion-a-two-year-field-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9370</span> Estimation of Elastic Modulus of Soil Surrounding Buried Pipeline Using Multi-Response Surface Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won%20Mog%20Choi">Won Mog Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Kyeong%20Hong"> Seong Kyeong Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Young%20Jeong"> Seok Young Jeong </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stress on the buried pipeline under pavement is significantly affected by vehicle loads and elastic modulus of the soil surrounding the pipeline. The correct elastic modulus of soil has to be applied to the finite element model to investigate the effect of the vehicle loads on the buried pipeline using finite element analysis. The purpose of this study is to establish the approach to calculating the correct elastic modulus of soil using the optimization process. The optimal elastic modulus of soil, which minimizes the difference between the strain measured from vehicle driving test at the velocity of 35km/h and the strain calculated from finite element analyses, was calculated through the optimization process using multi-response surface methodology. Three elastic moduli of soil (road layer, original soil, dense sand) surrounding the pipeline were defined as the variables for the optimization. Further analyses with the optimal elastic modulus at the velocities of 4.27km/h, 15.47km/h, 24.18km/h were performed and compared to the test results to verify the applicability of multi-response surface methodology. The results indicated that the strain of the buried pipeline was mostly affected by the elastic modulus of original soil, followed by the dense sand and the load layer, as well as the results of further analyses with optimal elastic modulus of soil show good agreement with the test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipeline" title="pipeline">pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus%20of%20soil" title=" elastic modulus of soil"> elastic modulus of soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795/estimation-of-elastic-modulus-of-soil-surrounding-buried-pipeline-using-multi-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9369</span> On the Fixed Rainfall Intensity: Effects on Overland Flow Resistance, Shear Velocity and on Soil Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mouzai">L. Mouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouhadef"> M. Bouhadef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Raindrops and overland flow both are erosive parameters but they do not act by the same way. The overland flow alone tends to shear the soil horizontally and concentrates into rills. In the presence of rain, the soil particles are removed from the soil surface in the form of a uniform sheet layer. In addition to this, raindrops falling on the flow roughen the water and soil surface depending on the flow depth, and retard the velocity, therefore influence shear velocity and Manning’s factor. To investigate this part, agricultural sandy soil, rainfall simulator and a laboratory soil tray of 0.2x1x3 m were the base of this work. Five overland flow depths of 0; 3.28; 4.28; 5.16; 5.60; 5.80 mm were generated under a rainfall intensity of 217.2 mm/h. Sediment concentration control is based on the proportionality of depth/microtopography. The soil loose is directly related to the presence of rain splash on thin sheet flow. The effect of shear velocity on sediment concentration is limited by the value of 5.28 cm/s. In addition to this, the rain splash reduces the soil roughness by breaking the soil crests. The rainfall intensity is the major factor influencing depth and soil erosion. In the presence of rainfall, the shear velocity of the flow is due to two simultaneous effects. The first, which is horizontal, comes from the flow and the second, vertical, is due to the raindrops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20resistance" title="flow resistance">flow resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20experiments" title=" laboratory experiments"> laboratory experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20simulator" title=" rainfall simulator"> rainfall simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration" title=" sediment concentration"> sediment concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20velocity" title=" shear velocity"> shear velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400/on-the-fixed-rainfall-intensity-effects-on-overland-flow-resistance-shear-velocity-and-on-soil-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9368</span> The Effect of Traffic on Harmful Metals and Metalloids in the Street Dust and Surface Soil from Urban Areas of Tehran, Iran: Levels, Distribution and Chemical Partitioning Based on Single and Sequential Extraction Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Arfaeinia">Hossein Arfaeinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Jonidi%20Jafari"> Ahmad Jonidi Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Dobaradaran"> Sina Dobaradaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadegh%20Niazi"> Sadegh Niazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Ehsanifar"> Mojtaba Ehsanifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Zahedi"> Amir Zahedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street dust and surface soil samples were collected from very heavy, heavy, medium and low traffic areas and natural site in Tehran, Iran. These samples were analyzed for some physical–chemical features, total and chemical speciation of selected metals and metalloids (Zn, Al, Sr, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Co, Ni, and V) to study the effect of traffic on their mobility and accumulation in the environment. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonates and organic carbon (OC) values were similar in soil and dust samples from similar traffic areas. The traffic increases EC contents in dust/soil matrixes but has no effect on concentrations of metals and metalloids in soil samples. Rises in metal and metalloids levels with traffic were found in dust samples. Moreover, the traffic increases the percentage of acid soluble fraction and Fe and Mn oxides associated fractions of Pb and Zn. The mobilization of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr in dust samples was easier than in soil. The speciation of metals and metalloids except Cd is mainly affected by physicochemical features in soil, although total metals and metalloids affected the speciation in dust samples (except chromium and nickel). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20dust" title="street dust">street dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20soil" title=" surface soil"> surface soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalloids" title=" metalloids"> metalloids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20speciation" title=" chemical speciation"> chemical speciation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75576/the-effect-of-traffic-on-harmful-metals-and-metalloids-in-the-street-dust-and-surface-soil-from-urban-areas-of-tehran-iran-levels-distribution-and-chemical-partitioning-based-on-single-and-sequential-extraction-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9367</span> Effect of Humic Acids on Agricultural Soil Structure and Stability and Its Implication on Soil Quality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omkar%20Gaonkar">Omkar Gaonkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indumathi%20Nambi"> Indumathi Nambi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suresh%20G.%20Kumar"> Suresh G. Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The functional and morphological aspects of soil structure determine the soil quality. The dispersion of colloidal soil particles, especially the clay fraction and rupture of soil aggregates, both of which play an important role in soil structure development, lead to degradation of soil quality. The main objective of this work was to determine the effect of the behaviour of soil colloids on the agricultural soil structure and quality. The effect of commercial humic acid and soil natural organic matter on the electrical and structural properties of the soil colloids was also studied. Agricultural soil, belonging to the sandy loam texture class from northern part of India was considered in this study. In order to understand the changes in the soil quality in the presence and absence of humic acids, the soil fabric and structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Electrical properties of natural soil colloids in aqueous suspensions were assessed by zeta potential measurements at varying pH values with and without the presence of humic acids. The influence of natural organic matter was analyzed by oxidizing the natural soil organic matter with hydrogen peroxide. The zeta potential of the soil colloids was found to be negative in the pH range studied. The results indicated that hydrogen peroxide treatment leads to deflocculation of colloidal soil particles. In addition, the humic acids undergoes effective adsorption onto the soil surface imparting more negative zeta potential to the colloidal soil particles. The soil hydrophilicity decreased in the presence of humic acids which was confirmed by surface free energy determination. Thus, it can be concluded that the presence of humic acids altered the soil fabric and structure, thereby affecting the soil quality. This study assumes significance in understanding soil aggregation and the interactions at soil solid-liquid interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humic%20acids" title="humic acids">humic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20organic%20matter" title=" natural organic matter"> natural organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeta%20potential" title=" zeta potential"> zeta potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20quality" title=" soil quality"> soil quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55160/effect-of-humic-acids-on-agricultural-soil-structure-and-stability-and-its-implication-on-soil-quality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9366</span> The Influence of Different Technologies on the Infiltration Properties and Soil Surface Crusting Processing in the North Bohemia Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20Dumbrovsky">Miroslav Dumbrovsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Larisova"> Lucie Larisova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The infiltration characteristic of the soil surface is one of the major factors that determines the potential soil degradation risk. The physical, chemical and biological characteristic of soil is changed by the processing of soil. The infiltration soil ability has an important role in soil and water conservation. The subject of the contribution is the evaluation of the influence of the conventional tillage and reduced tillage technology on soil surface crusting processing and infiltration properties of the soil in the North Bohemia region. Field experimental work at the area was carried out in the years 2013-2016 on Cambisol district medium-heavy clayey soil. The research was conducted on sloping erosion-endangered blocks of compacted arable land. The areas were chosen each year in the way that one of the experimental areas was handled by conventional tillage technologies and the other by reduced tillage technologies. Intact soil samples were taken into Kopecký´s cylinders in the three landscape positions, at a depth of 10 cm (representing topsoil) and 30 cm (representing subsoil). The cumulative infiltration was measured using a mini-disc infiltrometer near the consumption points. The Zhang method (1997), which provides an estimate of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h), was used for the evaluation of the infiltration tests of the mini-disc infiltrometer. The soil profile processed by conventional tillage showed a higher degree of compaction and soil crusting processing. The bulk density was between 1.10–1.67 g.cm⁻³, compared to the land processed by the reduced tillage technology, where the values were between 0.80–1.29 g.cm⁻³. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity values were about one-third higher within the reduced tillage technology soil processing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20crusting%20processing" title="soil crusting processing">soil crusting processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" unsaturated hydraulic conductivity"> unsaturated hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20infiltration" title=" cumulative infiltration"> cumulative infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20density" title=" bulk density"> bulk density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75019/the-influence-of-different-technologies-on-the-infiltration-properties-and-soil-surface-crusting-processing-in-the-north-bohemia-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9365</span> Insect Diversity Assessment of Maize Crop (Zea mays L.) by Using Sweep Net, Pitfall Trap and Plant Inspection Methods </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Mushtaq">Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Majeed"> Shahid Majeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maize is known as queen of cereals because of its highest genetic yield potential and multipurpose characteristics in human being and animal diet. Maize crop visited by many major, minor, visitors and sporadic insect pests. This study was conducted during 2014 to evaluate the richness and evenness of these insect pests and their interaction with metrological conditions at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. In this experiment, two localities were selected; one was treated with pesticide and second was untreated. Maize field visited by many insect pests. Those insect pests were collected by using three collection method: sweep net, pitfall trap and plant inspection. The data was collected weekly interval from August to October and statistically analyzed by using Shannon Index which showed the results of insect pest richness and evenness. The value of Shannon Index was higher with the increase in number of species and abundance of insects. Camponotus nearcticus was most abundant in sweep net and pitfall trap method while Rhopalosiphum maidis was abundant in plant inspection method. Temperature was negatively co-relate with the insect population in all three collection methods while the relative humidity and rainfall had varying results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title="abundance">abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evenness" title=" evenness"> evenness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=richness" title=" richness"> richness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99026/insect-diversity-assessment-of-maize-crop-zea-mays-l-by-using-sweep-net-pitfall-trap-and-plant-inspection-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9364</span> Stabilization of Clay Soil Using A-3 Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mustapha%20Alhaji">Mohammed Mustapha Alhaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiku%20Salawu"> Sadiku Salawu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A clay soil which classified under A-7-6 soil according to AASHTO soil classification system and CH according to the unified soil classification system was stabilized using A-3 soil (AASHTO soil classification system). The clay soil was replaced with 0%, 10%, 20% to 100% A-3 soil, compacted at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy level and using unconfined compressive strength as evaluation criteria. The MDD of the compactions at both the BSL and BSH compaction energy levels showed increase in MDD from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The trend of the OMC with varied A-3 soil replacement is similar to that of MDD but in a reversed order. The OMC reduced from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the values increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. This trend was attributed to the observed reduction in the void ratio from 0% A-3 soil replacement to 40% A-3 soil replacement after which the void ratio increased to 100% A-3 soil replacement. The maximum UCS for clay at varied A-3 soil replacement increased from 272 and 770kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level at 0% A-3 soil replacement to 295 and 795kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 10% A-3 soil replacement after which the values reduced to 22 and 60kN/m2 for BSL and BSH compaction energy level respectively at 70% A-3 soil replacement. Beyond 70% A-3 soil replacement, the mixture cannot be moulded for UCS test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A-3%20soil" title="A-3 soil">A-3 soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20minerals" title=" clay minerals"> clay minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20action" title=" pozzolanic action"> pozzolanic action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993/stabilization-of-clay-soil-using-a-3-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9363</span> Insect Infestation of Two Varieties of Cowpea Seeds (Vigna Unguiculata L.Walp) Stored at Sokoto Central Market Grainaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Jatau">A. Jatau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Bandiya"> H. M. Bandiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Majeed"> Q. Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Yahaya"> M. A. Yahaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation on the insect infestation of stored seeds of cowpea seeds varieties (Sokoto Loacal and Kanannado) was carried out in Sokoto central market, Sokoto. Two insects' species, Callosobrunchus maculatus and Callosobrunchus chinensis were found on the stored seeds with C. maculutus found to be the most prevalent. The rate of infestation of the cowpea seeds by the two insect species were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in Sokoto local than in Kanannado variety. The result shows that kanannado variety is more resistance to cowpea seeds weevils, hence should be used for long storage in Sokoto. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect" title="insect">insect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infestation" title=" infestation"> infestation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cowpea%20seeds" title=" cowpea seeds"> cowpea seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grainaries" title=" grainaries"> grainaries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11661/insect-infestation-of-two-varieties-of-cowpea-seeds-vigna-unguiculata-lwalp-stored-at-sokoto-central-market-grainaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9362</span> Soil Rehabilitation Using Modified Diatomite: Assessing Chemical Properties, Enzymatic Reactions and Heavy Metal Immobilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Samani.%20Ahmad%20Golchin.%20Hosseinali%20Alikkani.%20Ahmad%20Baybordi">Maryam Samani. Ahmad Golchin. Hosseinali Alikkani. Ahmad Baybordi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural diatomite was modified by grinding and acid treatment to increase surface area and to decrease the impurities. Surface area and pore volume of the modified diatomite were 67.45 m² g-1 and 0.105 cm³ g-¹ respectively, and used to immobilize Pb, Zn and Cu in an urban soil. The modified diatomite was added to soil samples at the rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% and the samples incubated for 60 days. The addition of modified diatomite increased SSA of the soil. The SSAs of soils with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% modified diatomite were 20.82, 22.02, 23.21 and 24.41 m² g-¹ respectively. Increasing the SSAs of the soils by the application of modified diatomite reduced the DTPA extractable concentrations of heavy metals compared with un-amendment control. The concentration of Pb, Zn and Cu were reduced by 91.1%, 82% and 91.1% respectively. Modified diatomite reduced the concentration of Exchangeable and Carbonate bounded species of Pb, Zn and Cu, compared with the control. Also significantly increased the concentration of Fe Mn- OX (Fe-Mn Oxides) and OM (Organic Matter) bound and Res (Residual) fraction. Modified diatomite increased the urease, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity by 52%, 57% and 56.6% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20diatomite" title="modified diatomite">modified diatomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20specifications" title=" chemical specifications"> chemical specifications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20surface%20area" title=" specific surface area"> specific surface area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activity" title=" enzyme activity"> enzyme activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title=" immobilization"> immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20remediation" title=" soil remediation"> soil remediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180554/soil-rehabilitation-using-modified-diatomite-assessing-chemical-properties-enzymatic-reactions-and-heavy-metal-immobilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9361</span> Entomopathogenic Bacteria as Biological Control Agents: Review Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadesse%20Kebede%20Dabsu">Tadesse Kebede Dabsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insect pest is one the major limiting factor for sustainable food production. To overtake insect pest problem, since Second World War, producers have used excessive insecticide for insect pest management. However, in the era of 21st Century, the excessive use of insecticide caused insect resistant, insecticide bioaccumulation, insecticide hazard to environment, human health problem, and the like. Due to these problems, research efforts have been focused on the development of environmental free sustainable insect pest management method. To minimize all above mentioned risk utilizing of biological control such as entomopathogenicmicroorganism include bacteria, virus, fungus, and their productsare the best option for suppress insect population below certain density level. The objective of this review was to review the updated available studies and recent developments on the entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB) as biological control of insect pest and challenge of using them for control of insect pest. EPB’s mechanisms of insecticidal activities, type, taxonomy, and history are included in this paper body. EPB has been successfully used for the suppression of populations of insect pests. Controlling of harmful insect by entomopathogenic bacteria is an effective, low bioaccumulation in environment and food, very specific, reduce resistance risk in insect pest, economically and sustainable method of major insect pest management method. Identified and reported as potential major common type of entomopathogenic bacteria include Bacillus thuringiensis, Photorhabdus sp., Xenorhabdus spp.Walbachiaspp, Actinomycetesspp.etc. These bacteria being enter into insect body through natural opening or by vector release toxin protein inside of insect and disrupt the cell’s content cause natural mortality under natural condition. As per reported by different scientists, insect orders like Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Dipterahave been successful controlled by entomopathogenic bacteria. As per coming across in different scientific research journals, much of the work was emphasised on Bacillus thuringiensisbsp. Therefore, for commercial production like Bacillus thuringiensi, detail research should be done on other bacteria species. The efficacy and practical application of EPB are restricted to some crops and greenhouse area, but their field application at farmers’ level very less. So still much work needs to be done to the practical application of the EPB at widely application. Their efficacy, pathogenicity, and host range test should be tested under environmental condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insect%20pest" title="insect pest">insect pest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogenic%20bacteria" title=" entomopathogenic bacteria"> entomopathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agent" title=" agent"> agent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145140/entomopathogenic-bacteria-as-biological-control-agents-review-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9360</span> Bearing Capacity of Sulphuric Acid Content Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20N.%20Khare">R. N. Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Sahu"> J. P. Sahu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar%20Tamrakar"> Rajesh Kumar Tamrakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tests were conducted to determine the property of soil with variation of H2SO4 content for soils under different stage. The soils had varying amounts of plasticity’s ranging from low to high plasticity. The unsaturated soil behavior was investigated for different conditions, covering a range of compactive efforts and water contents. The soil characteristic curves were more sensitive to changes in compaction effort than changes in compaction water content. In this research paper two types of water (Ground water Ph =7.9, Turbidity= 13 ppm; Cl =2.1mg/l and surface water Ph =8.65; Turbidity=18.5; Cl=1mg/l) were selected of Bhilai Nagar, State-Chhattisgarh, India which is mixed with a certain type of soil. Results shows that by the presence of ground water day by day the particles are becoming coarser in 7 days thereafter its size reduces; on the other hand by the presence of surface water the courser particles are disintegrating, finer particles are accumulating and also the dry density is reduces. Plasticity soils retained the smallest water content and the highest plasticity soils retained the highest water content at a specified suction. In addition, soil characteristic for soils to be compacted in the laboratory and in the field are still under process for analyzing the bearing capacity. The bearing capacity was reduced 2 to 3 times in the presence of H2SO4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction" title="soil compaction">soil compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H2SO4" title=" H2SO4"> H2SO4</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20water" title=" soil water"> soil water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20conditions" title=" water conditions"> water conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10029/bearing-capacity-of-sulphuric-acid-content-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9359</span> Gas Monitoring and Soil Control at the Natural Gas Storage Site (Minerbio, Italy)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Maria%20Carmen%20Ilie">Ana Maria Carmen Ilie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmela%20Vaccaro"> Carmela Vaccaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas migration through wellbore failure, in particular from abandoned wells, is repeatedly identified as the highest risk mechanism. The vadose zone was subject to monitoring system close to the wellbore in Minerbio, methane storage site. The new technology has been well-developed and used with the purpose to provide reliable estimates of leakage parameters. Of these techniques, soil flux sampling at the soil surface, via the accumulation chamber method and soil flux sampling at the depths of 100cm below the ground surface, have been an important technique for characterizing the gas concentrations at the gas storage site. We present results of soil Radon Bq/m3, CO2%, CH4% and O2% concentration gases. Measurements have been taken for radon concentrations with an Durridge RAD7 Company, Inc., USA, instrument. We used for air and soil quality an Biogas ETG instrument monitoring system, with NDIR CO2, CH4 gas sensor and electrochemical O2 gas sensor. The measurements started in September-October 2015, where no outliers have been identified. The measurements have continued in March-April-July-August-September 2016, almost at the same time in the same place around the gas storage site, values measured 15 minutes for each sampling, to determine their concentration, their distribution and to understand the relationship among gases and atmospheric conditions. At a depth of 100 cm, the maximum soil radon gas concentrations were found to be 1770 ±±582 Bq/m3, the soil consists of 64.31% sand, 20.75% silt and 14.94% clay, and with 0.526 ppm of Uranium. The maximum concentration (September 2016), in soil at 100cm below the ground surface, with 83% sand, 8.96% silt and 7.89% clay, was about 0.06% CH4, and in atmosphere 0.06% CH4 at 40°C (T). In the other months the values have been on the range of 0.01% to 0.03% CH4. Since we did not have outliers in the gas storage site, soil-gas samples for isotopic analysis have not been done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakage%20gas%20monitoring" title="leakage gas monitoring">leakage gas monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title=" lithology"> lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20gas" title=" soil gas"> soil gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane" title=" methane"> methane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65736/gas-monitoring-and-soil-control-at-the-natural-gas-storage-site-minerbio-italy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9358</span> Sunflower Irrigation with Two Different Types of Soil Moisture Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20D.%20Papanikolaou">C. D. Papanikolaou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20A.%20Giouvanis"> V. A. Giouvanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Karatasiou"> E. A. Karatasiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Dimakas"> D. S. Dimakas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Sakellariou-Makrantonaki"> M. A. Sakellariou-Makrantonaki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Irrigation is one of the most important cultivation practices for each crop, especially in areas where rainfall is enough to cover the crop water needs. In such areas, the farmers must irrigate in order to achieve high economical results. The precise irrigation scheduling contributes to irrigation water saving and thus a valuable natural resource is protected. Under this point of view, in the experimental field of the Laboratory of Agricultural Hydraulics of the University of Thessaly, a research was conducted during the growing season of 2012 in order to evaluate the growth, seed and oil production of sunflower as well as the water saving, by applying different methods of irrigation scheduling. Three treatments in four replications were organized. These were: a) surface drip irrigation where the irrigation scheduling based on the Penman-Monteith (PM) method (control); b) surface drip irrigation where the irrigation scheduling based on a soil moisture sensor (SMS); and c) surface drip irrigation, where the irrigation scheduling based on a soil potential sensor (WM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title="irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20production" title=" energy production"> energy production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture%20sensor" title=" soil moisture sensor"> soil moisture sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower" title=" sunflower"> sunflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saving" title=" water saving"> water saving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87561/sunflower-irrigation-with-two-different-types-of-soil-moisture-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9357</span> Estimation of Soil Moisture at High Resolution through Integration of Optical and Microwave Remote Sensing and Applications in Drought Analyses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donglian%20Sun">Donglian Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Li"> Yu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Houser"> Paul Houser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiwu%20Zhan"> Xiwu Zhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> California experienced severe drought conditions in the past years. In this study, the drought conditions in California are analyzed using soil moisture anomalies derived from integrated optical and microwave satellite observations along with auxiliary land surface data. Based on the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM) classifications, three typical drought conditions were selected for the analysis: extreme drought conditions in 2007 and 2013, severe drought conditions in 2004 and 2009, and normal conditions in 2005 and 2006. Drought is defined as negative soil moisture anomaly. To estimate soil moisture at high spatial resolutions, three approaches are explored in this study: the universal triangle model that estimates soil moisture from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST); the basic model that estimates soil moisture under different conditions with auxiliary data like precipitation, soil texture, topography, and surface types; and the refined model that uses accumulated precipitation and its lagging effects. It is found that the basic model shows better agreements with the USDM classifications than the universal triangle model, while the refined model using precipitation accumulated from the previous summer to current time demonstrated the closest agreements with the USDM patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture" title="soil moisture">soil moisture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20resolution" title=" high resolution"> high resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20drought" title=" regional drought"> regional drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20and%20monitoring" title=" analysis and monitoring"> analysis and monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120917/estimation-of-soil-moisture-at-high-resolution-through-integration-of-optical-and-microwave-remote-sensing-and-applications-in-drought-analyses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9356</span> The Effect of the Rain Intensity on the Hydrodynamic Behavior of the Low-Floor ChéLiffe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abbas">Ahmed Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Land degradation in the Lower Cheliff region leads to loss of their fertility, physical and chemical properties by secondary salinization and film forming surface or surface crust. The main factor related to runoff and soil erosion is their susceptibility to crusting caused by the impact of raindrops, which causes the reduction of the filterability of the soil. The present study aims to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of five types of soil taken from the plain of low Cheliff under simulated rainfall by using two intensities, one moderate, and others correspond to heavy rains at low kinetic energies. Experimental results demonstrate the influence of chemical and mechanical physical properties of soils on their hydrodynamic behavior and the influence of heavy rain on the modality of the reduction in the filterability and the amount of transported sediment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20behavior" title=" hydrodynamic behavior"> hydrodynamic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20simulation" title=" rain simulation"> rain simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35337/the-effect-of-the-rain-intensity-on-the-hydrodynamic-behavior-of-the-low-floor-cheliffe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9355</span> Iron Influx, Its Root-Shoot Relations and Utilization Efficiency in Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Malik%20Dawlatzai">Abdul Malik Dawlatzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiqullah%20Rahmani"> Shafiqullah Rahmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant cultivars of the same species differ in their Fe efficiency. This paper studied the Fe influx and root-shoot relations of Fe at different growth stages in wheat. The four wheat cultivars (HD 2967, PDW 233, PBW 550 and PDW 291) were grown in pots in Badam Bagh agricultural researching farm, Kabul under two Fe treatments: (i) 0 mg Fe kg⁻¹ soil (soil with 2.7 mg kg⁻¹ of DTPA-extractable Fe) and (ii) 50 mg Fe kg⁻¹ soil. Root length (RL), shoot dry matter (SDM), Fe uptake, and soil parameters were measured at tillering and anthesis. Application of Fe significantly increased RL, root surface area, SDM, and Fe uptake in all wheat cultivars. Under Fe deficiency, wheat cv. HD 2967 produced 90% of its maximum RL and 75% of its maximum SDM. However, PDW 233 produced only 69% and 60%, respectively. Wheat cultivars HD 2967, and PDW 233 exhibited the highest and lowest value of root surface area and Fe uptake, respectively. The concentration difference in soil solution Fe between bulk soil and root surface (ΔCL) was maximum in wheat cultivar HD 2967, followed by PBW 550, PDW 291, and PDW 233. More depletion at the root surface causes steeper concentration gradients, which result in a high influx and transport of Fe towards root. Fe influx in all the wheat cultivars increased with the Fe application, but the increase was maximum, i.e., 4 times in HD 2967 and minimum, i.e., 2.8 times in PDW 233. It can be concluded that wheat cultivars HD 2967 and PBW 550 efficiently utilized Fe as compared to other cultivars. Additionally, iron efficiency of wheat cultivars depends upon uptake of each root segment, i.e., the influx, which in turn depends on depletion of Fe in the rhizosphere during vegetative phase and higher utilization efficiency of acquired Fe during reproductive phase that governs the ultimate grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20efficiency" title="Fe efficiency">Fe efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20influx" title=" Fe influx"> Fe influx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20uptake" title=" Fe uptake"> Fe uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhizosphere" title=" Rhizosphere"> Rhizosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128052/iron-influx-its-root-shoot-relations-and-utilization-efficiency-in-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9354</span> The Depth Penetration of Beryllium-7, ⁷BE as a Tracer in the Sembrong Catchment Area Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sharib">J. Sharib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20N.%20A.%20Tugi"> D. N. A. Tugi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Ishak"> M. T. Ishak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20A.%20Adziz"> M. I. A. Adziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this research paper conducted was to study the penetration of ⁷Be onto the soil surface for two different seasons in different areas of agricultural activity. The study was conducted during the dry and wet seasons from January to May 2019 in the Sembrong catchment area. The Sembrong Catchment Area is located in the district of Kluang, Johor in the South of Peninsular Malaysia and was selected based on the small size of the catchment and surrounded by various agricultural activities. A total of twenty (20) core soil samples to a depth of 10 cm each were taken using a metal corer made of metal. All these samples were brought to the Radiochemistry and Environment Group (RAS), Nuclear Malaysia, Block 23, Bangi, Malaysia, to enable the preparation, drying and analysis work to be carried out. Furthermore, all samples were oven dried at 45 – 60 ºC so that the dry weight became constant and gently disaggregated. Lastly, dried samples were milled and sieved at 2 mm before being packed into a well-type container and ready for ⁷Be analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the penetration of ⁷Be into the soil surface decreases by an exponential decay. The distribution of profiles to the interior of the soil surface or ho values ranged from 1.56 to 3.62 kg m⁻² and from 2.59 to 4.17 kg m⁻² for both dry and wet seasons. Consequently, the dry season has given a lower ho value when compared to the wet season. In conclusion, ⁷Be is a very suitable tracer to be used in determining the penetration onto the soil surface or ho values for the two different seasons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth%20penetration" title="depth penetration">depth penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20season" title=" dry season"> dry season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20season" title=" wet season"> wet season</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sembrong%20catchment" title=" sembrong catchment"> sembrong catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well%20type%20container" title=" well type container"> well type container</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153606/the-depth-penetration-of-beryllium-7-7be-as-a-tracer-in-the-sembrong-catchment-area-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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