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insect</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: soil surface insect"> <meta name="keywords" content="soil surface insect"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="soil surface insect"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9384</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: soil surface insect</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9114</span> Effect of Slag Application to Soil Chemical Properties and Rice Yield on Acid Sulphate Soils with Different Pyrite Depth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richardo%20Y.%20E.%20Sihotang">Richardo Y. E. Sihotang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atang%20Sutandi"> Atang Sutandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Ginting"> Joshua Ginting</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The expansion of marginal soil such as acid sulphate soils for the development of staple crops, including rice was unavoidable. However, acid sulphate soils were less suitable for rice field due to the low fertility and the threats of pyrite oxidation. An experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design was designed to investigate the effect of slag in stabilizing soil reaction (pH), improving soil fertility and rice yield. Experiments were conducted in two locations with different pyrite depth. The results showed that slag application was able to decrease the exchangeable Al and available iron (Fe) as well as increase the soil pH, available-P, soil exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Furthermore, the slag application increased the plant nutrient uptakes, particularly N, P, K, followed by the increasing of rice yield significantly. Nutrients availability, nutrient uptake, and rice yield were higher in the shallow pyrite soil instead of the deep pyrite soil. In addition, slag application was economically feasible due to the ability to reduce standard fertilizer requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20sulphate%20soils" title="acid sulphate soils">acid sulphate soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=available%20nutrients" title=" available nutrients"> available nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrite" title=" pyrite"> pyrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78540/effect-of-slag-application-to-soil-chemical-properties-and-rice-yield-on-acid-sulphate-soils-with-different-pyrite-depth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9113</span> Case Study: Hybrid Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall System Built on Basal Reinforced Raft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kaymak%C3%A7%C4%B1">S. Kaymakçı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fdu"> D. Gündoğdu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20%C3%96z%C3%A7elik"> H. Özçelik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The truck park of a warehouse for a chain of supermarket was going to be constructed on a poor ground. Rather than using a piled foundation, the client was convinced that a ground improvement using a reinforced foundation raft also known as “basal reinforcement” shall work. The retaining structures supporting the truck park area were designed using a hybrid structure made up of the Terramesh® Wall System and MacGrid™ high strength geogrids. The total wall surface area is nearly 2740 sq.m , reaching a maximum height of 13.00 meters. The area is located in the first degree seismic zone of Turkey and the design seismic acceleration is high. The design of walls has been carried out using pseudo-static method (limit equilibrium) taking into consideration different loading conditions using Eurocode 7. For each standard approach stability analysis in seismic condition were performed. The paper presents the detailed design of the reinforced soil structure, basal reinforcement and the construction methods; advantages of using such system for the project are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20reinforcement" title="basal reinforcement">basal reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title=" geogrid"> geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20soil%20raft" title=" reinforced soil raft"> reinforced soil raft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20soil%20wall" title=" reinforced soil wall"> reinforced soil wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20reinforcement" title=" soil reinforcement"> soil reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57282/case-study-hybrid-mechanically-stabilized-earth-wall-system-built-on-basal-reinforced-raft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9112</span> Scale Prototype to Estimate the Resistance to Lateral Displacement Buried Pipes and submerged in non-Cohesive Soils </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enrique%20Casta%C3%B1eda">Enrique Castañeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Hernadez"> Tomas Hernadez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Ulloa"> Mario Ulloa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent studies related to submarine pipelines under high pressure, temperature and buried, forces us to make bibliographical and documentary research to make us of references applicable to our problem. This paper presents an experimental methodology to the implementation of results obtained in a scale model, bibliography soil mechanics and finite element simulation. The model consists of a tank of 0.60 x 0.90 x 0.60 basis equipped high side windows, tires and digital hardware devices for measuring different variables to be applied to the model, where the mechanical properties of the soil are determined, simulation of drag a pipeline buried in a non-cohesive seafloor of the Gulf of Mexico, estimate the failure surface and application of each of the variables for the determination of mechanical elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20friction%20coefficient" title="static friction coefficient">static friction coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20passive%20force%20resistant%20soil" title=" maximum passive force resistant soil"> maximum passive force resistant soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal" title=" normal"> normal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tangential%20stress" title=" tangential stress"> tangential stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41281/scale-prototype-to-estimate-the-resistance-to-lateral-displacement-buried-pipes-and-submerged-in-non-cohesive-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9111</span> Prediction of Unsaturated Permeability Functions for Clayey Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Louati">F. Louati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Trabelsi"> H. Trabelsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jamei"> M. Jamei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Desiccation cracks following drainage-humidification cycles. With water loss, mainly due to evaporation, suction in the soil increases, producing volumetric shrinkage and tensile stress. When the tensile stress reaches tensile strength, the soil cracks. Desiccation cracks networks can directly control soil hydraulic properties. The aim of this study was for quantifying the hydraulic properties for examples the water retention curve, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function, the shrinkage dynamics in Tibar soil- clay soil in the Northern of Tunisia. Then a numerical simulation of unsaturated hydraulic properties for a crack network has been attempted. The finite elements code ‘CODE_BRIGHT’ can be used to follow the hydraulic distribution in cracked porous media. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desiccation" title="desiccation">desiccation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cracks" title=" cracks"> cracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20hydraulic%20flow" title=" unsaturated hydraulic flow"> unsaturated hydraulic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44245/prediction-of-unsaturated-permeability-functions-for-clayey-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9110</span> Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection and Associated Risk Factors among School Children in a Selected Barangay in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gil%20Soriano">Gil Soriano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aubreyrose%20Casilang"> Aubreyrose Casilang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil-transmitted helminth infection remains to be one of the leading public health problem worldwide, which is common in the rural developing regions especially among children. This study aimed to detect the presence of soil transmitted helminths among children and its associated transmission factors. Descriptive cross sectional research was the design used in the study and questionnaires were administered. Stool samples were collected among the samples (n=108) and were analyzed using kato thick method. Results showed that 61 out of 108 respondents are infected by soil transmitted helminth infection with A. lumbricoides the highest, followed by hookworm and T. trichuria. Parent's educational attainment, hand washing practices, and water sources were found to be associated with presence of Soil Transmitted Helminth infection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=associated%20risk%20factors" title="associated risk factors">associated risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barangay" title=" barangay"> barangay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20children" title=" school children"> school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20transmitted%20helminth%20infection" title=" soil transmitted helminth infection"> soil transmitted helminth infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79638/soil-transmitted-helminth-infection-and-associated-risk-factors-among-school-children-in-a-selected-barangay-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9109</span> 3D Finite Element Analysis for Mechanics of Soil-Tool Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Armin">A. Armin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Fotouhi"> R. Fotouhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Szyszkowski"> W. Szyszkowski </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is part of a study to develop robots for farming. As such power requirement to operate equipment attach to such robots become an important factor. Soil-tool interaction play major role in power consumption, thus predicting accurately the forces which act on the blade during the farming is prime importance for optimal designing of farm equipment. In this paper a finite element investigation for tillage tools and soil interaction is described by using an inelastic constitutive material law for agriculture application. A 3-dimentional (3D) nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is developed to examine behavior of a blade with different rake angles moving in a block of soil, and to estimate the blade force. The soil model considered is an elastic-plastic with non-associated Drucker-Prager material model. Special use of contact elements are employed to consider connection between soil-blade and soil-soil surfaces. The FEA results are compared with experiment ones, which show good agreement in accurately predicting draft forces developed on the blade when it moves through the soil. Also, a very good correlation was obtained between FEA results and analytical results from classical soil mechanics theories for straight blades. These comparisons verified the FEA model developed. For analyzing complicated soil-tool interactions and for optimum design of blades, this method will be useful. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title="finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-blade%20contact%20modeling" title=" soil-blade contact modeling"> soil-blade contact modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade%20force" title=" blade force"> blade force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20engineering" title=" mechanical engineering"> mechanical engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25744/3d-finite-element-analysis-for-mechanics-of-soil-tool-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9108</span> Spatially Downscaling Land Surface Temperature with a Non-Linear Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Liu">Kai Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Remote sensing-derived land surface temperature (LST) can provide an indication of the temporal and spatial patterns of surface evapotranspiration (ET). However, the spatial resolution achieved by existing commonly satellite products is ~1 km, which remains too coarse for ET estimations. This paper proposed a model that can disaggregate coarse resolution MODIS LST at 1 km scale to fine spatial resolutions at the scale of 250 m. Our approach attempted to weaken the impacts of soil moisture and growing statues on LST variations. The proposed model spatially disaggregates the coarse thermal data by using a non-linear model involving Bowen ratio, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI). This LST disaggregation model was tested on two heterogeneous landscapes in central Iowa, USA and Heihe River, China, during the growing seasons. Statistical results demonstrated that our model achieved better than the two classical methods (DisTrad and TsHARP). Furthermore, using the surface energy balance model, it was observed that the estimated ETs using the disaggregated LST from our model were more accurate than those using the disaggregated LST from DisTrad and TsHARP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bowen%20ration" title="Bowen ration">Bowen ration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=downscaling" title=" downscaling"> downscaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evapotranspiration" title=" evapotranspiration"> evapotranspiration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20surface%20temperature" title=" land surface temperature"> land surface temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69946/spatially-downscaling-land-surface-temperature-with-a-non-linear-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9107</span> Effect of Cocoa Pod Ash and Poultry Manure on Soil Properties and Cocoyam Productivity of Nutrient-Depleted Tropical Alfisol</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M.%20Agbede">T. M. Agbede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20O.%20Adekiya"> A. O. Adekiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment was carried out for three consecutive years at Owo, southwest Nigeria. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effect of Cocoa Pod Ash (CPA) and Poultry Manure (PM) applied solely and their combined form, as sources of fertilizers on soil properties, leaf nutrient composition, growth and yield of cocoyam. Three soil amendments: CPA, PM (sole forms), CPA and PM (mixture), were applied at 7.5 t ha-1 with an inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) at 400 kg ha-1 as a reference and a natural soil fertility, NSF (control), arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that soil amendments significantly increased (p = 0.05) corm and cormel weights and growth of cocoyam, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic carbon (OC) concentrations compared with the NSF (control). The mixture of CPA+PM treatment increased corm and cormel weights, plant height and leaf area of cocoyam by 40, 39, 42, and 48%, respectively, compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and 13, 12, 15 and 7%, respectively, compared with PM alone. Sole or mixed forms of soil amendments showed remarkable improvement in soil physical properties compared with NPK and the NSF (control). The mixture of CPA+PM applied at 7.5 t ha-1 was the most effective treatment in improving cocoyam yield and growth parameters, soil and leaf nutrient composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cocoa%20pod%20ash" title="Cocoa pod ash">Cocoa pod ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoyam" title=" cocoyam"> cocoyam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20manure" title=" poultry manure"> poultry manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20and%20leaf%20nutrient%20composition." title=" soil and leaf nutrient composition."> soil and leaf nutrient composition.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45312/effect-of-cocoa-pod-ash-and-poultry-manure-on-soil-properties-and-cocoyam-productivity-of-nutrient-depleted-tropical-alfisol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9106</span> Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Environmental Hazards</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kambiz%20Teimour%20Najad">Kambiz Teimour Najad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The basic methodology of GPR involves the use of a transmitting antenna to send electromagnetic waves into the subsurface, which then bounce back to the surface and are detected by a receiving antenna. The transmitter and receiver antennas are typically placed on the ground surface and moved across the area of interest to create a profile of the subsurface. The GPR system consists of a control unit that powers the antennas and records the data, as well as a display unit that shows the results of the survey. The control unit sends a pulse of electromagnetic energy into the ground, which propagates through the soil or rock until it encounters a change in material or structure. When the electromagnetic wave encounters a buried object or structure, some of the energy is reflected back to the surface and detected by the receiving antenna. The GPR data is then processed using specialized software that analyzes the amplitude and travel time of the reflected waves. By interpreting the data, GPR can provide information on the depth, location, and nature of subsurface features and structures. GPR has several advantages over other geophysical survey methods, including its ability to provide high-resolution images of the subsurface and its non-invasive nature, which minimizes disruption to the site. However, the effectiveness of GPR depends on several factors, including the type of soil or rock, the depth of the features being investigated, and the frequency of the electromagnetic waves used. In environmental hazard assessments, GPR can be used to detect buried structures, such as underground storage tanks, pipelines, or utilities, which may pose a risk of contamination to the surrounding soil or groundwater. GPR can also be used to assess soil stability by identifying areas of subsurface voids or sinkholes, which can lead to the collapse of the surface. Additionally, GPR can be used to map the extent and movement of groundwater contamination, which is critical in designing effective remediation strategies. the methodology of GPR in environmental hazard assessments involves the use of electromagnetic waves to create high of the subsurface, which are then analyzed to provide information on the depth, location, and nature of subsurface features and structures. This information is critical in identifying and mitigating environmental hazards, and the non-invasive nature of GPR makes it a valuable tool in this field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPR" title="GPR">GPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard" title=" hazard"> hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20fall" title=" rock fall"> rock fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166152/application-of-ground-penetrating-radar-in-environmental-hazards" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9105</span> Comparative Study on the Effect of Compaction Energy and Moisture Content on the Strength Properties of Lateritic Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Idris">Ahmad Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.A.%20Uche"> O.A. Uche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ado%20Y%20Abdulfatah"> Ado Y Abdulfatah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateritic soils are found in abundance and are the most common types of soils used in construction of roads and embankments in Nigeria. Strength properties of the soils depend on the amount of compaction applied and the amount of water available in the soil at the time of compaction. In this study, the influence of the compactive effort and that of the amount of water in the soil in the determination of the shear strength properties of lateritic soil was investigated. Lateritic soil sample was collected from an existing borrow pit in Kano, Nigeria and its basic characteristics were determined and the soil was classified according to AASHTO classification method. The soil was then compacted under various compactive efforts and at wide range of moisture contents. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) at each compactive effort was determined. Unconfined undrained triaxial test was carried out to determine the shear strength properties of the soil under various conditions of moisture and energy. Preliminary results obtained indicated that the soil is an A-7-5 soil. The final results obtained shows that as the compaction energy is increased, both the cohesion and friction angle increased irrespective of the moisture content used in the compaction. However, when the amount of water in the soil was increased and compaction effort kept constant, only the cohesion of the soil increases while the friction angle shows no any pattern of variation. It was also found that the highest values for cohesion and friction angle were obtained when the soil was compacted at the highest energy and at OMC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterite" title="laterite">laterite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OMC" title=" OMC"> OMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20energy" title=" compaction energy"> compaction energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title=" moisture content"> moisture content</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6272/comparative-study-on-the-effect-of-compaction-energy-and-moisture-content-on-the-strength-properties-of-lateritic-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9104</span> Soil Erosion Assessment Using the RUSLE Model, Remote Sensing, and GIS in the Shatt Al-Arab Basin (Iraq-Iran)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Allafta">Hadi Allafta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Opp"> Christian Opp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion is a major concern in the Shatt Al-Arab basin owing to the steepness of its topography as well as the remarkable altitudinal deference between the upstream and downstream parts of the basin. Such conditions resulted in soil vulnerability to erosion; huge amounts of soil are annually transported, creating enormous implications such as land degradation, structure damage, biodiversity loss, productivity decline, etc. Thus, evaluation of soil erosion risk and its spatial distribution is crucial to build adatabase for efficient control measures. The present study used revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) for depicting soil erosion hazard zones in the Shatt Al-Arab basin. The RUSLE model incorporated several parameters such as rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land cover and management, and conservation support practice for soil erosion zonation. High to medium soil loss of 100 to 20 ton perhectare per year represents around 25% of the basin area, while the areas of low soil loss of less than 20 ton per hectare per year occupied the rest of the total area. The high soil loss rates are linked to areas of high rainfall levels, loamy soil domination, elevated terrains/plateau margins with steep side slope, and high cultivation activities. The findings of the current study can be useful for managers and policy makers in the implementation of a suitable conservation program to reduce soil erosion or to recommend soil conservation acts if development projects are to be continued at regions of high soil erosion risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system" title="geographic information system">geographic information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revised%20universal%20soil%20loss%20equation" title=" revised universal soil loss equation"> revised universal soil loss equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shatt%20Al-Arab%20basin" title=" shatt Al-Arab basin"> shatt Al-Arab basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151278/soil-erosion-assessment-using-the-rusle-model-remote-sensing-and-gis-in-the-shatt-al-arab-basin-iraq-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9103</span> Predicting the Adsorptive Capacities of Biosolid as a Barrier in Soil to Remove Industrial Contaminants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Aguedal">H. Aguedal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hentit"> H. Hentit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aziz"> A. Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20R.%20Merouani"> D. R. Merouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Iddou"> A. Iddou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major environmental risk of soil pollution is the contamination of groundwater by infiltration of organic and inorganic pollutants that can cause a serious pollution. To protect the groundwater, in this study, we proceeded to test the reliability of a bio solid as barrier to prevent the migration of a very dangerous pollutant ‘Cadmium’ through the different soil layers. The follow-up the influence of several parameters, such as: turbidity, pluviometry, initial concentration of cadmium and the nature of soil, allow us to find the most effective manner to integrate this barrier in the soil. From the results obtained, we noted the effective intervention of the barrier. Indeed, the recorded passing quantities are lowest for the highest rainfall; we noted that the barrier has a better affinity towards higher concentrations; the most retained amounts of cadmium has been in the top layer of the two types of soil, while the lowest amounts of cadmium are recorded in the inner layers of soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20of%20cadmium" title="adsorption of cadmium">adsorption of cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier" title=" barrier"> barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20pollution" title=" groundwater pollution"> groundwater pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32763/predicting-the-adsorptive-capacities-of-biosolid-as-a-barrier-in-soil-to-remove-industrial-contaminants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9102</span> The Potential Effect of Biochar Application on Microbial Activities and Availability of Mineral Nitrogen in Arable Soil Stressed by Drought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1">Helena Dvořáčková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Elbl"> Jakub Elbl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Mikajlo"> Irina Mikajlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%C3%ADn%20Kintl"> Antonín Kintl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Hyn%C5%A1t"> Jaroslav Hynšt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Urb%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1"> Olga Urbánková</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaroslav%20Z%C3%A1hora"> Jaroslav Záhora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of biochar to arable soils represents a new approach to restore soil health and quality. Many studies reported the positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility and development of soil microbial community. Moreover biochar may affect the soil water retention, but this effect has not been sufficiently described yet. Therefore this study deals with the influence of biochar application on: microbial activities in soil, availability of mineral nitrogen in soil for microorganisms, mineral nitrogen retention and plant production. To demonstrate the effect of biochar addition on the above parameters, the pot experiment was realized. As a model crop, Lactuca sativa L. was used and cultivated from December 10th 2014 till March 22th 2015 in climate chamber in thoroughly homogenized arable soil with and without addition of biochar. Five variants of experiment (V1–V5) with different regime of irrigation were prepared. Variants V1–V2 were fertilized by mineral nitrogen, V3–V4 by biochar and V5 was a control. The significant differences were found only in plant production and mineral nitrogen retention. The highest content of mineral nitrogen in soil was detected in V1 and V2, about 250 % in comparison with the other variants. The positive effect of biochar application on soil fertility, mineral nitrogen availability was not found. On the other hand results of plant production indicate the possible positive effect of biochar application on soil water retention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arable%20soil" title="arable soil">arable soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title=" biochar"> biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title=" drought"> drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20nitrogen" title=" mineral nitrogen"> mineral nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497/the-potential-effect-of-biochar-application-on-microbial-activities-and-availability-of-mineral-nitrogen-in-arable-soil-stressed-by-drought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9101</span> Investigation the Effect of Quenching Media on Abrasive Wear in Grade Medium Carbon Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20S.%20Alwan">Abbas S. Alwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20K.%20Hussan"> Waleed K. Hussan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a general verification of possible heat treatment of steel has been done with the view of conditions of real abrasive wear of rotivater with soil texture. This technique is found promising to improve the quality of agriculture components working with the soil in dry condition. Abrasive wear resistance is very important in many applications and in most cases it is directly correlated with the hardness of materials surface. Responded of heat treatments were carried out in various media (Still air, Cottonseed oil, and Brine water 10 %) and follow by low-temperature tempering (250°C) was applied on steel type (AISI 1030). After heat treatment was applied wear with soil texture by using tillage process to determine the (actual wear rate) of the specimens depending on weight loss method. It was found; the wear resistance Increases with increase hardness with varying quenching media as follows; 30 HRC, 45 HRC, 52 HRC, and 60 HRC for nontreated (as received) cooling media as still air, cottonseed oil, and Brine water 10 %, respectively. Martensitic structure with retained austenite can be obtained depending on the quenching medium. Wear was presented on the worn surfaces of the steels which were used in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructures" title="microstructures">microstructures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear" title=" abrasive wear"> abrasive wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20texture" title=" soil texture"> soil texture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19571/investigation-the-effect-of-quenching-media-on-abrasive-wear-in-grade-medium-carbon-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9100</span> Effect of Biopesticide to Control Infestation of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on the Culantro Eryngium foetidum L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udomporn%20Pangnakorn">Udomporn Pangnakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sombat%20Chuenchooklin"> Sombat Chuenchooklin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effect of the biopesticide from entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.), bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens), wood vinegar and fermented organic substances from plants: (neem Azadirachta indica + citronella grass Cymbopogon nardus Rendle + bitter bush Chromolaena odorata L.) were tested on culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.). The biopesticide was carried out for reduction infestation of the major insects pest (whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)). The experimental plots were located at farmers’ farm in Tumbol Takhian Luean, Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand. This study was undertaken during the drought season (lately November to May). The populations of whitefly were observed and recorded every hour up to 3 hours with insect net and yellow sticky traps after the treatments were applied. The results showed that bacteria ISR was the highest effectiveness for control whitefly infestation on culantro, the whitefly numbers on insect net were 12.5, 10.0, and 7.5 after spraying in 1hr, 2hr, and 3hr, respectively. While the whitefly on yellow sticky traps showed 15.0, 10.0, and 10.0 after spraying in 1hr, 2hr, and 3hr, respectively. Furthermore, overall the experiments showed that treatment of bacteria ISR found the average whitefly numbers only 8.06 and 11.0 on insect net and sticky tap respectively, followed by treatment of nematode found the average whitefly with 9.87 and 11.43 on the insect net and sticky tap, respectively. Therefore, the application of biopesticide from entomopathogenic nematodes, bacteria ISR, organic substances from plants and wood vinegar combined with natural enemies is the alternative method of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for against infestation of whitefly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whitefly%20%28Bemisia%20tabaci%20Gennadius%29" title="whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)">whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culantro%20%28Eryngium%20foetidum%20L.%29" title=" culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)"> culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogenic%20nematode%20%28Steinernema%20thailandensis%20n.%20sp.%29" title=" entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)"> entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema thailandensis n. sp.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria%20ISR%20%28Pseudomonas%20fluorescens%29" title=" bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)"> bacteria ISR (Pseudomonas fluorescens)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20vinegar" title=" wood vinegar"> wood vinegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20organic%20substances" title=" fermented organic substances"> fermented organic substances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36589/effect-of-biopesticide-to-control-infestation-of-whitefly-bemisia-tabaci-gennadius-on-the-culantro-eryngium-foetidum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9099</span> Exploring the Rhinoceros Beetles of a Tropical Forest of Eastern Himalayas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhankar%20Kumar%20Sarkar">Subhankar Kumar Sarkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Beetles of the subfamily Dynastinae under the family Scarabaeidae of the insect order Coleoptera are popularly known as ‘Rhinoceros beetles’ because of the characteristic horn borne by the males on their head. These horns are dedicated in mating battle against other males and have evolved as a result of phenotypic plasticity. Scarabaeidae is the largest of all families under Coleoptera and is composed of 11 subfamilies, of which the subfamily Dynastinae is represented by approximately 300 species. Some of these beetles have been reported to cause considerable damage to agriculture and forestry both in their larval and adult stages, while many of them are beneficial as they pollinate plants and recycle plant materials. Eastern Himalayas is regarded as one of the 35 biodiversity hotspot zones of the world and one of the four of India, which is exhibited by its rich and megadiverse tropical forests. However, our knowledge on the faunal diversity of these forests is very limited, particularly for the insect fauna. One such tropical forest of Eastern Himalayas is the ‘Buxa Tiger Reserve’ located between latitudes 26°30” to 26°55” North and Longitudes 89°20” to 89˚35” East of India and occupies an area of about 759.26 square kilometers. It is with this background an attempt has been made to explore the insect fauna of the forest. Insect sampling was carried out in each beat and range of Buxa Tiger Reserve in all the three seasons viz, Premonsoon, Monsoon, and Postmonsoon. Sample collections were done by sweep nets, hand picking technique and pit fall traps. UV light trap was used to collect the nocturnal insects. Morphological examinations of the collected samples were carried out with Stereozoom Binocular Microscopes (Zeiss SV6 and SV11) and were identified up to species level with the aid of relevant literature. Survey of the insect fauna of the forest resulted in the recognition of 76 scarab species, of which 8 belong to the subfamily dealt herein. Each of the 8 species represents a separate genus. The forest is dominated by the members of Xylotrupes gideon (Linnaeus) as is represented by highest number of individuals. The recorded taxa show about 12% endemism and are of mainly oriental in distribution. Premonsoon is the most favorable season for their occurrence and activity followed by Monsoon and Postmonsoon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dynastinae" title="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scarabaeidae" title=" Scarabaeidae"> Scarabaeidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buxa%20Tiger%20Reserve" title=" Buxa Tiger Reserve"> Buxa Tiger Reserve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79214/exploring-the-rhinoceros-beetles-of-a-tropical-forest-of-eastern-himalayas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9098</span> Effect Of Tephrosia purpurea (Family: Fabaceae) Formulations On Oviposition By The Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Jain">Priyanka Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meera%20Srivastava"> Meera Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among important insect pests of stored grains, the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is one such pest causing considerable damage to stored pulses. An effort was made to screen plant Tephrosia purpurea (Family: Fabaceae) for its efficacy against the said pest. The pulse beetle C. chinensis was raised on green gram Vigna radiata in incubators maintained at 28 ± 2°C and 70% RH. Different formulations using plant parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) were employed in the form of aqueous suspension, aqueous extract and ether extract and the treatments were made using different dose concentrations, namely 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%, besides normal and control. Specific number of adult insects were released in muslin cloth covered beakers containing weighed green gram grains and treated with different dose concentrations (w/v). Observations for the number of eggs laid by the pest insect C. chinensis was recorded after three days of treatment and it was observed that in general all the treatments of the plant resulted in significant decrease in the eggs laid (no/pair) by the insect, suggesting that the selected plant has a potential to be used against C. chinensis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callosobruchus%20chinensis" title="Callosobruchus chinensis">Callosobruchus chinensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=egg%20laying" title=" egg laying"> egg laying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tephrosia%20purpurea" title=" Tephrosia purpurea"> Tephrosia purpurea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabaceae" title=" Fabaceae"> Fabaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20formulations" title=" plant formulations"> plant formulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8746/effect-of-tephrosia-purpurea-family-fabaceae-formulations-on-oviposition-by-the-pulse-beetle-callosobruchus-chinensis-linn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9097</span> Groundwater Recharge Estimation of Fetam Catchment in Upper Blue Nile Basin North-Western Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekonen%20G.">Mekonen G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sileshi%20M."> Sileshi M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melkamu%20M."> Melkamu M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recharge estimation is important for the assessment and management of groundwater resources effectively. This study applied the soil moisture balance and Baseflow separation methods to estimate groundwater recharge in the Fetam Catchment. It is one of the major catchments understudied from the different catchments in the upper Blue Nile River basin. Surface water has been subjected to high seasonal variation; due to this, groundwater is a primary option for drinking water supply to the community. This research has been conducted to estimate groundwater recharge by using fifteen years of River flow data for the Baseflow separation and ten years of daily meteorological data for the daily soil moisture balance recharge estimating method. The recharge rate by the two methods is 170.5 and 244.9mm/year daily soil moisture and baseflow separation method, respectively, and the average recharge is 207.7mm/year. The average value of annual recharge in the catchment is almost equal to the average recharge in the country, which is 200mm/year. So, each method has its own limitations, and taking the average value is preferable rather than taking a single value. Baseflow provides overestimated result compared to the average of the two, and soil moisture balance is the list estimator. The recharge estimation in the area also should be done by other recharge estimation methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recharge" title=" recharge"> recharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=baseflow%20separation" title=" baseflow separation"> baseflow separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20moisture%20balance" title=" soil moisture balance"> soil moisture balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fetam%20catchment" title=" Fetam catchment"> Fetam catchment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162990/groundwater-recharge-estimation-of-fetam-catchment-in-upper-blue-nile-basin-north-western-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9096</span> Key Parameters for Controlling Swell of Expansive Soil-Hydraulic Cement Admixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aung%20Phyo%20Kyaw">Aung Phyo Kyaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo%20Chieh%20Chao"> Kuo Chieh Chao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Expansive soils are more complicated than normal soils, although the soil itself is not very complicated. When evaluating foundation performance on expansive soil, it is important to consider soil expansion. The primary focus of this study is on hydraulic cement and expansive soil mixtures, and the research aims to identify key parameters for controlling the swell of the expansive soil-hydraulic cement mixture. Treatment depths can be determined using hydraulic cement ratios of 4%, 8%, 12%, and 15% for treating expansive soil. To understand the effect of hydraulic cement percentages on the swelling of expansive soil-hydraulic admixture, performing the consolidation-swell test σ''ᶜˢ is crucial. This investigation primarily focuses on consolidation-swell tests σ''ᶜˢ, although the heave index Cₕ is also needed to determine total heave. The heave index can be measured using the percent swell in the specific inundation stress in both the consolidation-swell test and the constant-volume test swelling pressure. Obtaining the relationship between swelling pressure and σ''ᶜⱽ determined from the "constant volume test" is useful in predicting heave from a single oedometer test. The relationship between σ''ᶜˢ and σ''ᶜⱽ is based on experimental results of expansive soil behavior and facilitates heave prediction for each soil. In this method, the soil property "m" is used as a parameter, and common soil property tests include compaction, particle size distribution, and the Atterberg limit. The Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) provided the soil sample for this study, and all laboratory testing is performed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansive%20soil" title="expansive soil">expansive soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling%20pressure" title=" swelling pressure"> swelling pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20heave" title=" total heave"> total heave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20depth" title=" treatment depth"> treatment depth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163671/key-parameters-for-controlling-swell-of-expansive-soil-hydraulic-cement-admixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9095</span> Diversity of Microbial Ground Improvements </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Ivanov">V. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Chu"> J. Chu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Stabnikov"> V. Stabnikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low cost, sustainable, and environmentally friendly microbial cements, grouts, polysaccharides and bioplastics are useful in construction and geotechnical engineering. Construction-related biotechnologies are based on activity of different microorganisms: urease-producing, acidogenic, halophilic, alkaliphilic, denitrifying, iron- and sulphate-reducing bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, microscopic fungi. The bio-related materials and processes can be used for the bioaggregation, soil biogrouting and bioclogging, biocementation, biodesaturation of water-satured soil, bioencapsulation of soft clay, biocoating, and biorepair of the concrete surface. Altogether with the most popular calcium- and urea based biocementation, there are possible and often are more effective such methods of ground improvement as calcium- and magnesium based biocementation, calcium phosphate strengthening of soil, calcium bicarbonate biocementation, and iron- or polysaccharide based bioclogging. The construction-related microbial biotechnologies have a lot of advantages over conventional construction materials and processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title="ground improvement">ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocementation" title=" biocementation"> biocementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogrouting" title=" biogrouting"> biogrouting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title=" microorganisms "> microorganisms </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8747/diversity-of-microbial-ground-improvements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9094</span> Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Stock Potential of Major Forest Types in the Foot Hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Palanikumaran">B. Palanikumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kanagaraj"> N. Kanagaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sangareswari"> M. Sangareswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sailaja"> V. Sailaja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapil%20%20Sihag"> Kapil Sihag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of major forest types present in the foothills of Nilgiri biosphere reserve. The total biomass carbon stock was estimated in tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest and tropical moist deciduous forest as 14.61 t C ha⁻¹ 75.16 t C ha⁻¹ and 187.52 t C ha⁻¹ respectively. The density and basal area were estimated in tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest, tropical moist deciduous forest as 173 stems ha⁻¹, 349 stems ha⁻¹, 391 stems ha⁻¹ and 6.21 m² ha⁻¹, 31.09 m² ha⁻¹, 67.34 m² ha⁻¹ respectively. The soil carbon stock of different forest ecosystems was estimated, and the results revealed that tropical moist deciduous forest (71.74 t C ha⁻¹) accounted for more soil carbon stock when compared to tropical dry deciduous forest (31.80 t C ha⁻¹) and tropical thorn forest (3.99 t C ha⁻¹). The tropical moist deciduous forest has the maximum annual leaf litter which was 12.77 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ followed by 6.44 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ litter fall of tropical dry deciduous forest. The tropical thorn forest accounted for 3.42 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ leaf litter production. The leaf litter carbon stock of tropical thorn forest, tropical dry deciduous forest and tropical moist deciduous forest found to be 1.02 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ 2.28 t⁻¹ C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and 5.42 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ respectively. The results explained that decomposition percent at the soil surface in the following order.tropical dry deciduous forest (77.66 percent) > tropical thorn forest (69.49 percent) > tropical moist deciduous forest (63.17 percent). Decomposition percent at soil subsurface was studied, and the highest decomposition percent was observed in tropical dry deciduous forest (80.52 percent) followed by tropical moist deciduous forest (77.65 percent) and tropical thorn forest (72.10 percent). The decomposition percent was higher at soil subsurface. Among the three forest type, tropical moist deciduous forest accounted for the highest bacterial (59.67 x 105cfu’s g⁻¹ soil), actinomycetes (74.87 x 104cfu’s g⁻¹ soil) and fungal (112.60 x10³cfu’s g⁻¹ soil) population. The overall observation of the study helps to conclude that, the tropical moist deciduous forest has the potential of storing higher carbon content as biomass with the value of 264.68 t C ha⁻¹ and microbial populations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20area" title="basal area">basal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title=" carbon sequestration"> carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20stock" title=" carbon stock"> carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilgiri%20biosphere%20reserve" title=" Nilgiri biosphere reserve"> Nilgiri biosphere reserve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110275/carbon-sequestration-and-carbon-stock-potential-of-major-forest-types-in-the-foot-hills-of-nilgiri-biosphere-reserve-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9093</span> Assessing the Effect of Underground Tunnel Diameter on Structure-Foundation-Soil Performance under the Kobe Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Mahdavi">Masoud Mahdavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, developed and industrial cities have all kinds of sewage and water transfer canals, subway tunnels, infrastructure facilities, etc., which have caused underground cavities to be created under the buildings. The presence of these cavities causes behavioral changes in the structural behavior that must be fully evaluated. In the present study, using Abaqus finite element software, the effect of cavities with 0.5 and 1.5 meters in diameter at a depth of 2.5 meters from the earth's surface (with a circular cross-section) on the performance of the foundation and the ground (soil) has been evaluated. For this purpose, the Kobe earthquake was applied to the models for 10 seconds. Also, pore water pressure and weight were considered on the models to get complete results. The results showed that by creating and increasing the diameter of circular cavities in the soil, three indicators; 1) von Mises stress, 2) displacement and 3) plastic strain have had oscillating, ascending and ascending processes, respectively, which shows the relationship between increasing the diameter index of underground cavities and structural indicators of structure-foundation-soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20excavations" title="underground excavations">underground excavations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20substrates" title=" structural substrates"> structural substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus%20software" title=" Abaqus software"> Abaqus software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kobe%20earthquake" title=" Kobe earthquake"> Kobe earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128231/assessing-the-effect-of-underground-tunnel-diameter-on-structure-foundation-soil-performance-under-the-kobe-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9092</span> Application of Particle Image Velocimetry in the Analysis of Scale Effects in Granular Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuhair%20Kadhim%20Jahanger">Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Joseph%20Antony"> S. Joseph Antony</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The available studies in the literature which dealt with the scale effects of strip footings on different sand packing systematically still remain scarce. In this research, the variation of ultimate bearing capacity and deformation pattern of soil beneath strip footings of different widths under plane-strain condition on the surface of loose, medium-dense and dense sand have been systematically studied using experimental and noninvasive methods for measuring microscopic deformations. The presented analyses are based on model scale compression test analysed using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. Upper bound analysis of the current study shows that the maximum vertical displacement of the sand under the ultimate load increases for an increase in the width of footing, but at a decreasing rate with relative density of sand, whereas the relative vertical displacement in the sand decreases for an increase in the width of the footing. A well agreement is observed between experimental results for different footing widths and relative densities. The experimental analyses have shown that there exists pronounced scale effect for strip surface footing. The bearing capacity factors <em>Nγ</em> rapidly decrease up to footing widths <em>B</em>=0.25 m, 0.35 m, and 0.65 m for loose, medium-dense and dense sand respectively, after that there is no significant decrease in <em>Nγ</em>. The deformation modes of the soil as well as the ultimate bearing capacity values have been affected by the footing widths. The obtained results could be used to improve settlement calculation of the foundation interacting with granular soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPIV" title="DPIV">DPIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=granular%20mechanics" title=" granular mechanics"> granular mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20effect" title=" scale effect"> scale effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20bound%20analysis" title=" upper bound analysis"> upper bound analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72946/application-of-particle-image-velocimetry-in-the-analysis-of-scale-effects-in-granular-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9091</span> Immediate and Long-Term Effect of the Sawdust Usage on Shear Strength of the Clayey Silt Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dogan%20Cetin">Dogan Cetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hamdi%20Jasim"> Omar Hamdi Jasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using some additives is very common method to improve the soil properties such as shear strength, bearing capacity; and to reduce the settlement and lateral deformation. Soil reinforcement with natural materials is an attractive method to improve the soil properties because of their low cost. However, the studies conducted by using natural additive are very limited. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the immediate and long-term effects of the sawdust on the shear strength behavior of a clayey silt soil obtained in Arnavutkoy in Istanbul with sawdust. Firstly, compaction tests were conducted to be able to optimum moisture content for every percentage of sawdust. The samples were obtained from compacted soil at optimum moisture content. UU Triaxial Tests were conducted to evaluate the response of randomly distributed sawdust on the strength of low plasticity clayey silt soil. The specimens were tested with 1%, 2% and 3% content of sawdust. It was found that the undrained shear strength of clay soil with 1%, 2% and 3% sawdust were increased respectively 4.65%, 27.9% and 39.5% higher than the soil without additive. At 5%, shear strength of clay soil decreased by 3.8%. After 90 days cure period, the shear strength of the soil with 1%, 2%, 3% and %5 increased respectively 251%, 302%, 260% and 153%. It can be said that the effect of the sawdust usage has a remarkable effect on the undrained shear strength of the soil. Besides the increasing undrained shear strength, it was also found that the sawdust decreases the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index by 5.5%, 2.9 and 10.9% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction%20test" title="compaction test">compaction test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sawdust" title=" sawdust"> sawdust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UU%20Triaxial%20Test" title=" UU Triaxial Test"> UU Triaxial Test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61946/immediate-and-long-term-effect-of-the-sawdust-usage-on-shear-strength-of-the-clayey-silt-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9090</span> Major Gullies Erosion Sites and Volume of Soil Loss in Edo State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Augustine%20Osayande">Augustine Osayande</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is on Major Gullies Erosion Sites and Volume of Soil Loss in Edo State, Nigeria. The primary objective was to identify notable gullies sites and quantify the volume of soil loss in the study area. Direct field observation and measurement of gullies dimensions was done with the help of research assistants using a measuring tape, Camera and 3percent accuracy Global Positioning System (GPS). The result revealed that notable gullies in the area have resulted in the loss of lives and properties, destruction of arable lands and wastage of large areas of usable lands. Gullies in Edo North have Mean Volume of Soil Loss of 614, 763.33 m³, followed by Edo South with 79,604.76 m³ and Edo Central is 46,242.98 m³ and as such an average of 1,772, 888.7m3 of soil is lost annually in the study area due to gully erosion problem. The danger of gully erosion in helpless regions like Edo State called for urgent remedies in order to arrest the further loss of soil, buildings and other properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnitude" title=" magnitude"> magnitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gully" title=" gully"> gully</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume" title=" volume"> volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sloss" title=" sloss"> sloss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87676/major-gullies-erosion-sites-and-volume-of-soil-loss-in-edo-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9089</span> A Hybrid Model Tree and Logistic Regression Model for Prediction of Soil Shear Strength in Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Mehryaar">Ehsan Mehryaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Armin%20Motahari%20Tabari"> Seyed Armin Motahari Tabari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Without a doubt, soil shear strength is the most important property of the soil. The majority of fatal and catastrophic geological accidents are related to shear strength failure of the soil. Therefore, its prediction is a matter of high importance. However, acquiring the shear strength is usually a cumbersome task that might need complicated laboratory testing. Therefore, prediction of it based on common and easy to get soil properties can simplify the projects substantially. In this paper, A hybrid model based on the classification and regression tree algorithm and logistic regression is proposed where each leaf of the tree is an independent regression model. A database of 189 points for clay soil, including Moisture content, liquid limit, plastic limit, clay content, and shear strength, is collected. The performance of the developed model compared to the existing models and equations using root mean squared error and coefficient of correlation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20tree" title="model tree">model tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CART" title=" CART"> CART</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20shear%20strength" title=" soil shear strength"> soil shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141471/a-hybrid-model-tree-and-logistic-regression-model-for-prediction-of-soil-shear-strength-in-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9088</span> Influence of Compactive Efforts on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Bagasse Ash Treated Black Cotton Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Ijimdiya">T. S. Ijimdiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20J.%20Osinubi"> K. J. Osinubi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the influence of compactive efforts on hydraulic conductivity behaviour of compacted black cotton soil treated with bagasse ash which is necessary in assessing the performance of the soil - bagasse ash mixture for use as a suitable barrier material in waste containment application. Black cotton soil treated with up to 12% bagasse ash (obtained from burning the fibrous residue from the extraction of sugar juice from sugarcane) by dry weight of soil for use in waste containment application. The natural soil classifies as A-7-6 or CH in accordance with the AASHTO and the Unified Soil Classification System, respectively. The treated soil samples were prepared at molding water contents of -2, 0, +2, and +4 % of optimum moisture contents and compacted using four compactive efforts of Reduced British Standard Light (RBSL), British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard Heavy (BSH). The results obtained show that hydraulic conductivity decreased with increase in bagasse ash content, moulding water content and compaction energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bagasse%20ash%20treatment" title="bagasse ash treatment">bagasse ash treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20cotton%20soil" title=" black cotton soil"> black cotton soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20conductivity" title=" hydraulic conductivity"> hydraulic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moulding%20water%20contents" title=" moulding water contents"> moulding water contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compactive%20efforts" title=" compactive efforts"> compactive efforts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15288/influence-of-compactive-efforts-on-the-hydraulic-conductivity-of-bagasse-ash-treated-black-cotton-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9087</span> Effects of Surface Topography on Roughness of Glazed Ceramic Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sarjahani">R. Sarjahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sheikhattar"> M. Sheikhattar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Javadpour"> S. Javadpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hashemi"> B. Hashemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glazes and their surface characterization is an important subject for ceramic industries. Fabrication of a super smooth surface resistant to stains is a big improvement for those industries. In this investigation, surface topography of popular glazes such as Zircon and Titania based opaque glazes, calcium based matte glaze and transparent glaze has been analyzed by Marsurf M300, SEM, EDS and XRD. Results shows that surface roughness of glazes seriously depends on surface crystallinity, crystal size and shapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title="crystallinity">crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaze" title=" glaze"> glaze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topography" title=" topography"> topography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23918/effects-of-surface-topography-on-roughness-of-glazed-ceramic-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9086</span> Soil-Geopolymer Mixtures for Pavement Base and Subbase Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khattak">Mohammad Khattak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikash%20Adhikari"> Bikash Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambodh%20Adhikari"> Sambodh Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research deals with the physical, microstructural, mechanical, and shrinkage characteristics of flyash-based soil-geopolymer mixtures. Medium and high plastic soils were obtained from local construction projects. Class F flyash was used with a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution to develop soil-geopolymer mixtures. Several mixtures were compacted, cured at different curing conditions, and tested for unconfined compressive strength (UCS), linear shrinkage, and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the study demonstrated that the soil-geopolymer mixtures fulfilled the UCS criteria of cement treated design (CTD) and cement stabilized design (CSD) as recommended by the department of transportation for pavement base and subbase layers. It was found that soil-geopolymer demonstrated either similar or better UCS and shrinkage characteristics relative to conventional soil-cement mixtures. The SEM analysis revealed that microstructure of soil-geopolymer mixtures exhibited development and steady growth of geopolymerization during the curing period. Based on mechanical, shrinkage, and microstructural characteristics it was suggested that the soil-geopolymer mixtures, has an immense potential to be used as pavement subgrade, subbase, and base layers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-geopolymer" title="soil-geopolymer">soil-geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20base" title=" pavement base"> pavement base</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20morphology" title=" and morphology"> and morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879/soil-geopolymer-mixtures-for-pavement-base-and-subbase-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9085</span> Features of Soil Formation in the North of Western Siberia in Cryogenic Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatiana%20V.%20Raudina">Tatiana V. Raudina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20P.%20Kulizhskiy"> Sergey P. Kulizhskiy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large part of Russia is located in permafrost areas. These areas are widely used because there are concentrated valuable natural resources. Therefore to explore of cryosols it is important due to the significant increase of anthropogenic stress as well as the problem of global climate change. In the north of Western Siberia permafrost phenomena is widespread. Permafrost as a factor of soil formation and cryogenesis as a process have a great impact on the soil formation of these areas. Based on the research results of permafrost-affected soils tundra landscapes formed in the central part of the Tazovskiy Peninsula in cryogenic conditions, data were obtained which characterize the morphological features of soils. The specificity of soil cover distribution and manifestation of soil-forming processes within the study area are noted. Permafrost features such as frost cracking, cryoturbation, thixotropy, movement of humus are formed. The formation of these features is increased with the development of the territory. As a consequence, there is a change in the components of the environment and the destruction of the soil cover. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gleyed%20and%20nongleyed%20soils" title="gleyed and nongleyed soils">gleyed and nongleyed soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permafrost" title=" permafrost"> permafrost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20cryogenesis%20%28pedocryogenesis%29" title=" soil cryogenesis (pedocryogenesis)"> soil cryogenesis (pedocryogenesis)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-forming%20macroprocesses" title=" soil-forming macroprocesses"> soil-forming macroprocesses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8294/features-of-soil-formation-in-the-north-of-western-siberia-in-cryogenic-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20surface%20insect&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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