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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">MacDonald sisters</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Four English sisters who married well</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/150px-Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/225px-Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Louisa_Baldwin_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/154px-Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/231px-Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Agnes_Poynter_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/141px-Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg/212px-Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Georgina_Burne_Jones_by_Edward_Poynter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:186px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alice_Kipling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Alice_Kipling.jpg/163px-Alice_Kipling.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Alice_Kipling.jpg/245px-Alice_Kipling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Alice_Kipling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Images of the four MacDonald sisters: Louisa Baldwin (top left), Agnes Poynter (top right), <a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Burne-Jones" title="Georgiana Burne-Jones">Georgiana Burne-Jones</a> (bottom left), all in paintings by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Kipling" title="Alice Kipling">Alice Kipling</a> (bottom right), in a photograph possibly by Poynter.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>MacDonald sisters</b> were four English women of part-Scottish descent born during the 19th century, notable for their marriages to well-known men. Alice, Georgiana, Agnes and Louisa were the daughters of Reverend George Browne Macdonald (1805–1868), a <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_(Great_Britain)" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)">Wesleyan Methodist</a> minister,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hannah Jones (1809–1875). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographies">Biographies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were 11 children in the MacDonald family, seven daughters and four sons: </p> <ul><li>Mary (1834–1836), the firstborn</li> <li>Henry (1836–1891), nicknamed Harry, who introduced his younger sisters Georgiana and Agnes to his artistic friends, including <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Set" title="Birmingham Set">Birmingham Set</a> (a group of artists which included <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>)</li> <li><b>Alice</b> (1837–1910)</li> <li>Caroline (1838–1854);</li> <li><b>Georgiana</b> (1840–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_W._MacDonald" title="Frederic W. MacDonald">Frederic William</a> (1842–1928)</li> <li><b>Agnes</b> (1843–1906)</li> <li><b>Louisa</b> (1845–1925)</li> <li>Walter (1847–1847)</li> <li>Edith (1848–1937), who never married and lived at home until her mother's death</li> <li>Herbert (1850–1851).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alice">Alice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Kipling" title="Alice Kipling">Alice Kipling</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kipling" title="Alice Kipling">Alice</a> was born on 4 April 1837 in <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married <a href="/wiki/John_Lockwood_Kipling" title="John Lockwood Kipling">John Lockwood Kipling</a> whom she had met at <a href="/wiki/Rudyard,_Staffordshire" title="Rudyard, Staffordshire">Rudyard Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>. They married in March 1865, after he was made <a href="/wiki/Architectural_sculpture" title="Architectural sculpture">Architectural Sculptor</a> and Professor of Modelling at the <a href="/wiki/Sir_Jamsetjee_Jeejebhoy_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art">School of Art and Industry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Jamsetjee_Jejeebhoy" title="Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy">Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy</a> School of Art) during the preceding January, Alice became the mother of <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> on 30 December 1865 who was born on the school campus.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiminez2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">Lord Dufferin</a> once said of her, "Dullness and Mrs Kipling cannot exist in the same room."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgiana">Georgiana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Georgiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg/220px-Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg/330px-Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg/440px-Frederick_Hollyer_portrait_of_Georgiana_Burne-Jones_c1882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Georgiana Burne-Jones, née Macdonald c.1882, photographed by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hollyer" title="Frederick Hollyer">Frederick Hollyer</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Burne-Jones" title="Georgiana Burne-Jones">Georgiana Burne-Jones</a></div> <p>George Macdonald was relocated by the Methodist Conference to a Birmingham circuit following the birth of Alice, and it was here that <i>Georgie</i> was born on 28 July 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Georgiana and her sister Agnes received attention from prospective suitors including members of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Set" title="Birmingham Set">Birmingham Set</a>, a loose group of visual artists and writers of which her brother was a member.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She married the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a>, a member of the Set, during 1859. They had three children, Philip, Christopher and Margaret - although Christopher died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiminez2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became in time the mother-in-law of <a href="/wiki/John_William_Mackail" title="John William Mackail">John William Mackail</a> and grandmother of <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mackail" title="Denis Mackail">Denis Mackail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Thirkell" title="Angela Thirkell">Angela Thirkell</a> (born Angela Mackail).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agnes">Agnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Agnes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agnes was a talented pianist and thought to be the best-looking of the sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She and her sister Georgiana received attention from prospective suitors who were friends of her brother and members of the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Set" title="Birmingham Set">Birmingham Set</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiminez2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She eventually married the future president of the Royal Academy <a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a> during 1866 in a double wedding with her quieter sister Louisa. Poynter appeared to be a manic depressive and he would paint continuously until finally collapsing when a work was finished. He was unemotional and it was Agnes who supplied the affection in their household.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her husband later produced paintings of two of her sisters. She, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Morris" title="Jane Morris">Jane Morris</a> and her sisters Louisa and Georgiana are thought to be the inspiration for figures of Burne-Jones' 1864 painting <i>Green Summer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-green_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agnes, Lady Poynter, is thought to have died during 1906 from cancer despite an operation in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louisa">Louisa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Louisa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louisa was a writer who married the industrialist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baldwin_(politician)" title="Alfred Baldwin (politician)">Alfred Baldwin</a> in 1866 in a double wedding with her sister Agnes, who married Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Poynter" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward John Poynter">Edward John Poynter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-louise_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louise-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfred and Louisa were the parents of <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> who was UK prime minister on three occasions. After his birth, Louisa seemed unhappy with her life in Worcestershire where her husband was an <a href="/wiki/Ironmaster" title="Ironmaster">ironmaster</a>. She had at least one miscarriage and spent time in a <a href="/wiki/Bath_chair" title="Bath chair">bath chair</a>, and days alone in darkness. </p><p>Later commentators<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2022)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have noted that she would recover when on holiday, and have proposed that her illness was a form of <a href="/wiki/Hypochondriasis" title="Hypochondriasis">hypochondria</a>. During the 1870s the couple travelled to find a cure, and she tried a wide variety of medicines.<sup id="cite_ref-louise_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louise-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She recovered in 1883 and took a leading role in her local village of <a href="/wiki/Wilden,_Worcestershire" title="Wilden, Worcestershire">Wilden</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Stourport-on-Severn" title="Stourport-on-Severn">Stourport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-louise_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louise-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1886, she published "A Martyr to Mammon",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in 1889, "The Story of a Marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her recovery did not outlast her husband's election to Parliament in 1902, and her condition was made worse by his death in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-louise_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-louise-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She commissioned stained glass windows for <a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Saints,_Wilden" title="Church of All Saints, Wilden">Wilden church</a> from <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Louisa was, in time, the grandmother to <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Baldwin,_2nd_Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Oliver Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Oliver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Baldwin,_3rd_Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Arthur Baldwin, 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Arthur Baldwin</a>, respectively the second and third Earls Baldwin of Bewdley. Louisa wrote novels, short stories, and poetry, sometimes credited under her married name "Mrs Alfred Baldwin".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1987" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Ina (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14818598"><i>Victorian sisters : the remarkable Macdonald women and the great men they inspired</i></a> (1st U.S ed.). Bethesda, Md. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-917561-34-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-917561-34-1"><bdi>0-917561-34-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14818598">14818598</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301181610/https://www.worldcat.org/title/victorian-sisters/oclc/14818598">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+sisters+%3A+the+remarkable+Macdonald+women+and+the+great+men+they+inspired&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Md.&rft.edition=1st+U.S&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14818598&rft.isbn=0-917561-34-1&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F14818598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jiminez2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jiminez2013_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerk_Jiminez2001" class="citation book cs1">Berk Jiminez, Jill (15 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?iFYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA91d=og"><i>Dictionary of Artists' Models</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 91–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-95914-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-95914-2"><bdi>978-1-135-95914-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301181608/https://books.google.com/?pg=PA91d%3Dog&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Artists%27+Models&rft.pages=91-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-135-95914-2&rft.aulast=Berk+Jiminez&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3FiFYAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91d%3Dog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrington1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carrington_(historian)" title="Charles Carrington (historian)">Carrington, Charles</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4596256"><i>Rudyard Kipling : his life and work</i></a> (Rev. ed.). London: Macmillan. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-25456-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-25456-2"><bdi>0-333-25456-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4596256">4596256</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301181606/https://www.worldcat.org/title/rudyard-kipling-his-life-and-work/oclc/4596256">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rudyard+Kipling+%3A+his+life+and+work&rft.place=London&rft.pages=51&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4596256&rft.isbn=0-333-25456-2&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F4596256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_rival1.htm">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051457/http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_rival1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiplingsociety.co.uk%2Frg_rival1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmour2003" class="citation book cs1">Gilmour, David (11 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pPhD2yKzvhYC&pg=PA32"><i>The Long Recessional: The Imperial Life of Rudyard Kipling - David Gilmour - Βιβλία Google</i></a>. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781466830004" title="Special:BookSources/9781466830004"><bdi>9781466830004</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915135253/https://books.google.com/books?id=pPhD2yKzvhYC&pg=PA32">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Recessional%3A+The+Imperial+Life+of+Rudyard+Kipling+-+David+Gilmour+-+%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1+Google&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2003-06-11&rft.isbn=9781466830004&rft.aulast=Gilmour&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpPhD2yKzvhYC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor, Ina <i>Victorian sisters</i> 1987 Weidenfeld & Nicolson p. 14; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/029779065X" title="Special:BookSources/029779065X">029779065X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/genealogy/Macdonald/page2.htm">"A brief history of the McDonald sisters and the connections to Wolverhampton - Early Years"</a>. <i>www.historywebsite.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226151055/http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/genealogy/Macdonald/page2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historywebsite.co.uk&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+the+McDonald+sisters+and+the+connections+to+Wolverhampton+-+Early+Years&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historywebsite.co.uk%2Fgenealogy%2FMacdonald%2Fpage2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorse2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Morse, Elizabeth J. (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-76071">"Macdonald sisters (act. 1837–1925)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F76071">10.1093/ref:odnb/76071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Macdonald+sisters+%28act.+1837%E2%80%931925%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F76071&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-76071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-green-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-green_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/genealogy/Macdonald/page3.htm">"A brief history of the McDonald sisters and the connections to Wolverhampton - Living in Wolverhampton, 1862-1867"</a>. <i>historywebsite.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911090445/http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/genealogy/Macdonald/page3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historywebsite.co.uk&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+the+McDonald+sisters+and+the+connections+to+Wolverhampton+-+Living+in+Wolverhampton%2C+1862-1867&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historywebsite.co.uk%2Fgenealogy%2FMacdonald%2Fpage3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-louise-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-louise_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-louise_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-louise_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-louise_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-58274">"Baldwin, Louisa (1845–1925)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F58274">10.1093/ref:odnb/58274</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baldwin%2C+Louisa+%281845%E2%80%931925%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F58274&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-58274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBALDWIN_(Novelist.)1886" class="citation book cs1">BALDWIN (Novelist.), Mrs Louisa (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WfmvzQEACAAJ&q=louisa+baldwin"><i>A Martyr to Mammon</i></a>. Swan Sonnenschein & Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301173043/https://books.google.com/books?id=WfmvzQEACAAJ&q=louisa+baldwin">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Martyr+to+Mammon&rft.pub=Swan+Sonnenschein+%26+Company&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=BALDWIN+%28Novelist.%29&rft.aufirst=Mrs+Louisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWfmvzQEACAAJ%26q%3Dlouisa%2Bbaldwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBALDWIN_(Novelist)1889" class="citation book cs1">BALDWIN (Novelist), Mrs Louisa (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XLWHzQEACAAJ&q=louisa+baldwin"><i>The Story of a Marriage</i></a>. Ward & Downey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301173054/https://books.google.com/books?id=XLWHzQEACAAJ&q=louisa+baldwin">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+a+Marriage&rft.pub=Ward+%26+Downey&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=BALDWIN+%28Novelist%29&rft.aufirst=Mrs+Louisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXLWHzQEACAAJ%26q%3Dlouisa%2Bbaldwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoller" class="citation web cs1">Voller, Jack G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326005307/http://www.litgothic.com/Authors/lbaldwin.html">"Baldwin, Louisa"</a>. <i>The Literary Gothic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litgothic.com/Authors/lbaldwin.html">the original</a> on 2014-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Literary+Gothic&rft.atitle=Baldwin%2C+Louisa&rft.aulast=Voller&rft.aufirst=Jack+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.litgothic.com%2FAuthors%2Flbaldwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacDonald+sisters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?Louisa%20Baldwin">Louisa Baldwin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?Mrs.%20Alfred%20Baldwin">Mrs. Alfred Baldwin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacDonald_sisters&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2966">Works by MacDonald sisters</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/08/books/review/08FOREMAN.html?_r=1&scp=2&sq=John%20Lockwood%20Kipling&st=cse">'A Circle of Sisters': Eminent Victorians</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekeep.info/collections/keep-partners/university-of-sussex-special-collections/kipling-papers-wimpole-archive-sxms-38/">Rudyard Kipling Papers and other Kipling related collections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122074820/https://www.thekeep.info/collections/keep-partners/university-of-sussex-special-collections/kipling-papers-wimpole-archive-sxms-38/">Archived</a> 2021-11-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Keep,_Brighton" title="The Keep, Brighton">The Keep</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rudyard_Kipling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rudyard_Kipling" title="Template:Rudyard Kipling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rudyard_Kipling" title="Template talk:Rudyard Kipling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rudyard_Kipling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rudyard Kipling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rudyard_Kipling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Light_That_Failed" title="The Light That Failed">The Light That Failed</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naulahka:_A_Story_of_West_and_East" title="The Naulahka: A Story of West and East">The Naulahka: A Story of West and East</a></i> (co-author, <a href="/wiki/Wolcott_Balestier" title="Wolcott Balestier">Wolcott Balestier</a>, 1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Captains_Courageous" title="Captains Courageous">Captains Courageous</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kim_(novel)" title="Kim (novel)">Kim</a></i> (1901)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Plain_Tales_from_the_Hills" title="Plain Tales from the Hills">Plain Tales from the Hills</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_Three" title="Soldiers Three">Soldiers Three</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Gadsbys" title="The Story of the Gadsbys">The Story of the Gadsbys</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Black_and_White_(short_story_collection)" title="In Black and White (short story collection)">In Black and White</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_%27Rickshaw_and_Other_Tales" title="The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales">The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Deodars" title="Under the Deodars">Under the Deodars</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wee_Willie_Winkie_and_Other_Child_Stories" title="Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories">Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Sea_to_Sea_and_Other_Sketches,_Letters_of_Travel" title="From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel">From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barrack-Room_Ballads" title="Barrack-Room Ballads">Barrack-Room Ballads</a></i> (1892, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Many_Inventions" title="Many Inventions">Many Inventions</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle_Book" title="The Jungle Book">The Jungle Book</a></i> (1894) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Mowgli%27s_Brothers" title="Mowgli's Brothers">Mowgli's Brothers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kaa%27s_Hunting" title="Kaa's Hunting">Kaa's Hunting</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tiger!_Tiger!_(Kipling_short_story)" title="Tiger! Tiger! (Kipling short story)">Tiger! Tiger!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" title="Rikki-Tikki-Tavi">Rikki-Tikki-Tavi</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Jungle_Book" title="The Second Jungle Book">The Second Jungle Book</a></i> (1895) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Letting_in_the_Jungle" title="Letting in the Jungle">Letting in the Jungle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_Dog_(Kipling_short_story)" title="Red Dog (Kipling short story)">Red Dog</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Mowgli_Stories" title="All the Mowgli Stories">All the Mowgli Stories</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1895</span>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Seas_(poetry_collection)" title="The Seven Seas (poetry collection)">The Seven Seas</a></i> (1896, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day%27s_Work" title="The Day's Work">The Day's Work</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stalky_%26_Co." title="Stalky & Co.">Stalky & Co.</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Just_So_Stories" title="Just So Stories">Just So Stories</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Nations" title="The Five Nations">The Five Nations</a></i> (1903, poetry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puck_of_Pook%27s_Hill" title="Puck of Pook's Hill">Puck of Pook's Hill</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rewards_and_Fairies" title="Rewards and Fairies">Rewards and Fairies</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fringes_of_the_Fleet" title="The Fringes of the Fleet">The Fringes of the Fleet</a></i> (1915, non-fiction)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Debits_and_Credits_(book)" title="Debits and Credits (book)">Debits and Credits</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limits_and_Renewals" title="Limits and Renewals">Limits and Renewals</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling%27s_Verse:_Definitive_Edition" title="Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition">Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Definitive Edition</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_of_Kipling%27s_Verse" title="A Choice of Kipling's Verse">A Choice of Kipling's Verse</a></i> (by T. S. Eliot, 1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Absent-Minded_Beggar" title="The Absent-Minded Beggar">The Absent-Minded Beggar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_the_%22Clampherdown%22" title="The Ballad of the "Clampherdown"">The Ballad of the 'Clampherdown'</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_East_and_West" title="The Ballad of East and West">The Ballad of East and West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Beginnings" title="The Beginnings">The Beginnings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Buoy" title="The Bell Buoy">The Bell Buoy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Betrothed_(poem)" title="The Betrothed (poem)">The Betrothed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Big_Steamers" title="Big Steamers">Big Steamers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boots_(poem)" title="Boots (poem)">Boots</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cold_Iron_(poem)" title="Cold Iron (poem)">Cold Iron</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dane-geld_(poem)" title="Dane-geld (poem)">Dane-geld</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Danny_Deever" title="Danny Deever">Danny Deever</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Death-Bed" title="A Death-Bed">A Death-Bed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Female_of_the_Species_(poem)" title="The Female of the Species (poem)">The Female of the Species</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fuzzy-Wuzzy" title="Fuzzy-Wuzzy">Fuzzy-Wuzzy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gentleman_ranker" title="Gentleman ranker">Gentleman ranker</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gods_of_the_Copybook_Headings" title="The Gods of the Copybook Headings">The Gods of the Copybook Headings</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gunga_Din" title="Gunga Din">Gunga Din</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hymn_Before_Action" title="Hymn Before Action">Hymn Before Action</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If%E2%80%94" title="If—">If—</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Neolithic_Age" title="In the Neolithic Age">In the Neolithic Age</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Pilgrimage" title="The King's Pilgrimage">The King's Pilgrimage</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Light_Brigade" title="The Last of the Light Brigade">The Last of the Light Brigade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Lowestoft_Boat" title="The Lowestoft Boat">The Lowestoft Boat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mandalay_(poem)" title="Mandalay (poem)">Mandalay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mary_Gloster" title="The Mary Gloster">The <i>Mary Gloster</i></a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/McAndrew%27s_Hymn" title="McAndrew's Hymn">McAndrew's Hymn</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(poem)" title="My Boy Jack (poem)">My Boy Jack</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Recessional_(poem)" title="Recessional (poem)">Recessional</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Song_in_Storm" title="A Song in Storm">A Song in Storm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sons_of_Martha" title="The Sons of Martha">The Sons of Martha</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Submarines_(poem)" title="Submarines (poem)">Submarines</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sweepers_(poem)" title="The Sweepers (poem)">The Sweepers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tommy_(Kipling_poem)" title="Tommy (Kipling poem)">Tommy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ubique_(poem)" title="Ubique (poem)">Ubique</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">The White Man's Burden</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/.007" title=".007">.007</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Arrest_of_Lieutenant_Golightly" title="The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly">The Arrest of Lieutenant Golightly</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baa_Baa,_Black_Sheep_(short_story)" title="Baa Baa, Black Sheep (short story)">Baa Baa, Black Sheep</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bread_upon_the_Waters" title="Bread upon the Waters">Bread upon the Waters</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Broken-Link_Handicap" title="The Broken-Link Handicap">The Broken-Link Handicap</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Butterfly_that_Stamped" title="The Butterfly that Stamped">The Butterfly that Stamped</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consequences_(Kipling_story)" title="Consequences (Kipling story)">Consequences</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Aurelian_McGoggin" title="The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin">The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cupid%27s_Arrows" title="Cupid's Arrows">Cupid's Arrows</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil_and_the_Deep_Sea" title="The Devil and the Deep Sea">The Devil and the Deep Sea</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Drums_of_the_Fore_and_Aft" title="The Drums of the Fore and Aft">The Drums of the Fore and Aft</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fairy-Kist" title="Fairy-Kist">Fairy-Kist</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/False_Dawn_(short_story)" title="False Dawn (short story)">False Dawn</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Germ-Destroyer" title="A Germ-Destroyer">A Germ-Destroyer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/His_Chance_in_Life" title="His Chance in Life">His Chance in Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/His_Wedded_Wife" title="His Wedded Wife">His Wedded Wife</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_House_of_Suddhoo" title="In the House of Suddhoo">In the House of Suddhoo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(short_story)" title="Kidnapped (short story)">Kidnapped</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Learoyd,_Mulvaney_and_Ortheris" title="Learoyd, Mulvaney and Ortheris">Learoyd, Mulvaney and Ortheris</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lispeth" title="Lispeth">Lispeth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King" title="The Man Who Would Be King">The Man Who Would Be King</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Fact" title="A Matter of Fact">A Matter of Fact</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Miss_Youghal%27s_Sais" title="Miss Youghal's Sais">Miss Youghal's Sais</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mother_Hive" title="The Mother Hive">The Mother Hive</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Other_Man_(short_story)" title="The Other Man (short story)">The Other Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rescue_of_Pluffles" title="The Rescue of Pluffles">The Rescue of Pluffles</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ship_that_Found_Herself" title="The Ship that Found Herself">The Ship that Found Herself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sing-Song_of_Old_Man_Kangaroo" title="The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo">The Sing-Song of Old Man Kangaroo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Lungtungpen" title="The Taking of Lungtungpen">The Taking of Lungtungpen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_and_%E2%80%93_an_Extra" title="Three and – an Extra">Three and – an Extra</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers_(short_story)" title="The Three Musketeers (short story)">The Three Musketeers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thrown_Away" title="Thrown Away">Thrown Away</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Toomai_of_the_Elephants" title="Toomai of the Elephants">Toomai of the Elephants</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Watches_of_the_Night" title="Watches of the Night">Watches of the Night</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wireless_(short_story)" title="Wireless (short story)">Wireless</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yoked_with_an_Unbeliever" title="Yoked with an Unbeliever">Yoked with an Unbeliever</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling_bibliography" title="Rudyard Kipling bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateman%27s" title="Bateman's">Bateman's (house)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Library" title="Indian Railway Library">Indian Railway Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_of_the_Calling_of_an_Engineer" title="Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer">Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Ring" title="Iron Ring">Iron Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_jungle" title="Law of the jungle">Law of the jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Board_of_Control" title="Aerial Board of Control">Aerial Board of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(play)" title="My Boy Jack (play)"><i>My Boy Jack</i></a> (1997 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling:_A_Remembrance_Tale" title="Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale">Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale</a></i> (2006 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Boy_Jack_(film)" title="My Boy Jack (film)"><i>My Boy Jack</i></a> (2007 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Starr_Balestier_Kipling" title="Caroline Starr Balestier Kipling">Caroline Starr Balestier Kipling</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Bambridge" title="Elsie Bambridge">Elsie Bambridge</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kipling" title="John Kipling">John Kipling</a> <small>(son)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lockwood_Kipling" title="John Lockwood Kipling">John Lockwood Kipling</a> <small>(father)</small></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MacDonald sisters</a> <small>(mother's family)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a> <small>(cousin)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgiana_Burne-Jones" title="Georgiana Burne-Jones">Georgiana Burne-Jones</a> <small>(aunt)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Burne-Jones" title="Philip Burne-Jones">Philip Burne-Jones</a> <small>(cousin)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Poynter" title="Edward Poynter">Edward Poynter</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baldwin_(politician)" title="Alfred Baldwin (politician)">Alfred Baldwin</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stanley_Baldwin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stanley_Baldwin" title="Template:Stanley Baldwin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stanley_Baldwin" title="Template talk:Stanley Baldwin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley_Baldwin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stanley Baldwin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stanley_Baldwin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premierships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_government,_1922%E2%80%931924#Baldwin's_Cabinet,_May_1923_–_January_1924" title="Conservative government, 1922–1924">1923–1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Baldwin_ministry" title="Second Baldwin ministry">1924–1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(1935%E2%80%931937)" title="National Government (1935–1937)">1935–1937</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/100px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/150px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg/200px-Stanley_Baldwin_ggbain.35233.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bewdley_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bewdley (UK Parliament constituency)">Bewdley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baldwin_(politician)" title="Alfred Baldwin (politician)">Alfred Baldwin</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Baldwin" title="Lucy Baldwin">Lucy Baldwin</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Baldwin,_2nd_Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Oliver Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Oliver Baldwin, 2nd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Baldwin,_3rd_Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Arthur Baldwin, 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Arthur Baldwin, 3rd Earl Baldwin of Bewdley</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Club_meeting" title="Carlton Club meeting">Carlton Club meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Westminster_St_George%27s_by-election#Campaign" title="1931 Westminster St George's by-election">Power without responsibility speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Government_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Government (United Kingdom)">National Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Economic_Conference" title="British Empire Economic Conference">British Empire Economic Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoare%E2%80%93Laval_Pact" title="Hoare–Laval Pact">Hoare–Laval Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Edward_VIII" title="Abdication of Edward VIII">Abdication of Edward VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Stanley_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours of Stanley Baldwin">Honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(1974_film)" title="The Gathering Storm (1974 film)">The Gathering Storm</a></i> (TV, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edward_%26_Mrs._Simpson" title="Edward & Mrs. Simpson">Edward & Mrs. Simpson</a></i> (TV, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill:_The_Wilderness_Years" title="Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years">Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years</a></i> (TV, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_He_Loved" title="The Woman He Loved">The Woman He Loved</a></i> (TV, 1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gathering_Storm_(2002_film)" title="The Gathering Storm (2002 film)">The Gathering Storm</a></i> (TV, 2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wallis_%26_Edward" title="Wallis & Edward">Wallis & Edward</a></i> (TV, 2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a></i> (Film, 2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W.E." title="W.E.">W.E.</a></i> (Film, 2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astley_Hall,_Stourport-on-Severn" title="Astley Hall, Stourport-on-Severn">Astley Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley" title="Earl Baldwin of Bewdley">Earl Baldwin of Bewdley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilden_Ironworks" title="Wilden Ironworks">Wilden Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Bewdley_by-election" title="1908 Bewdley by-election">1908 Bewdley by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Bewdley_by-election" title="1921 Bewdley by-election">1921 Bewdley by-election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Prime_Minister%27s_Resignation_Honours" title="1924 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours">1924 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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