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(PDF) Transaction costs, relational contracting and public private partnerships: a case study of UK defence | Keith Hartley - Academia.edu
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[{"id":46127461,"identifier":"Attachment_46127461","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":25770973,"created_at":"2016-06-01T03:59:44.690-07:00","from_world_paper_id":153713008,"updated_at":"2024-11-11T19:22:40.207-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"This paper is concerned with the economics of public private partnerships (PPPs)/private finance initiative (PFIs) and in particular the role of transaction costs and the importance of trust in relational contracting. The discussion is illustrated by reference to the UK defence sector. The paper begins by discussing the nature of PPPs/PFIs before moving on to consider how the economics of contracting literature can shed light on their strengths and weaknesses. The transaction cost literature is reviewed alongside a resource-based perspective of procurement decisions. The concepts of trust and reputation are then considered in the context of minimising procurement transaction costs. The theoretical framework developed is then applied and illustrated through a case study of UK defence contracting, in an attempt to assess whether the use of PPPs will necessarily lead to improved economic efficiency. The case study highlights both the scope of PPPs/PFIs and their potential transaction costs in defence procurement, with the normal perils in terms of contracting given information asymmetry, asset specificity and the resulting scope for opportunistic behaviour. r","publication_date":"2003,,","publication_name":"Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"46127461"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Transaction costs, relational contracting and public private partnerships: a case study of UK defence","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [49514847]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; 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Using empirical data from two UK Private Finance Initiative (PFI) cases, the paper analyses the interplay of governance mechanisms along a timeline of project phases. Conceptual and practical findings confirm that relational and contractual mechanisms are indeed complementary forms of exchange governance but also that the relational intentions of all parties frame whether the contract is interpreted as a written sign of distrust or commitment. Equally, relational and contractual governance follow different development paths: both follow cumulative trajectories but (a) inter-personal relational mechanisms are more incremental and fragile, whereas (b) contractual mechanisms move with fewer degrees of freedom and 'anchor' the exchange throughout the life cycle. Finally, the different development characteristics of relational and contractual mechanisms mean that their dynamic interplay does not follow consistent patterns. The paper concludes with suggestions for more longitudinal studies. Keywords: Contractual and relational governance; Long-term relationship; Public-private partnership""</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The dynamics of contractual and relational governance: Evidence from long-term public–private procurement arrangements","attachmentId":52667269,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1790467/The_dynamics_of_contractual_and_relational_governance_Evidence_from_long_term_public_private_procurement_arrangements","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1790467/The_dynamics_of_contractual_and_relational_governance_Evidence_from_long_term_public_private_procurement_arrangements"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="40746919" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40746919/TRUST_AND_TRANSACTION_COSTS_IN_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS_THEORETICAL_REFLECTIONS_AND_EMPIRICAL_FINDINGS">TRUST AND TRANSACTION COSTS IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS AND EMPIRICAL FINDINGS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4579170" href="https://foev-speyer.academia.edu/RahelSchomaker">Rahel Schomaker</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"TRUST AND TRANSACTION COSTS IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS -THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS AND EMPIRICAL FINDINGS","attachmentId":61028402,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40746919/TRUST_AND_TRANSACTION_COSTS_IN_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS_THEORETICAL_REFLECTIONS_AND_EMPIRICAL_FINDINGS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40746919/TRUST_AND_TRANSACTION_COSTS_IN_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS_THEORETICAL_REFLECTIONS_AND_EMPIRICAL_FINDINGS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="78292348" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78292348/Journal_of_Public_Procurement_Volume_14_Issue_4_548_576_Winter_2014_Public_Procurement_Mechanisms_for_Public_Private_Partnerships">Journal of Public Procurement, Volume 14, Issue 4, 548-576 Winter 2014 Public Procurement Mechanisms for Public-Private Partnerships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20731065" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/ElenaShadrina">Elena Shadrina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Why do some countries (often developing and emerging economies) adopt special laws on PPP, whilst in others PPPs are governed by the legislation on public procurement and related bylaws? This paper explains the above global discrepancies from an institutional perspective. In a contract-theoretical framework we demonstrate how PPPs can enable projects that are not feasible through standard public procurement arrangements. Incentives for private partners are created through extra benefits (often non-contractible) from their collaboration with the government (e.g. risk reduction, reputational gains, access to additional resources, lower bureaucratic burden, etc.). In a well-developed institutional environment these benefits are implicitly guaranteed, suggesting no need in a specialized PPP-enabling legislation. Otherwise, a PPP law should establish an institutional architecture to provide the above benefits.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Journal of Public Procurement, Volume 14, Issue 4, 548-576 Winter 2014 Public Procurement Mechanisms for Public-Private Partnerships","attachmentId":85390838,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78292348/Journal_of_Public_Procurement_Volume_14_Issue_4_548_576_Winter_2014_Public_Procurement_Mechanisms_for_Public_Private_Partnerships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78292348/Journal_of_Public_Procurement_Volume_14_Issue_4_548_576_Winter_2014_Public_Procurement_Mechanisms_for_Public_Private_Partnerships"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="25770972" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25770972/The_economics_of_partnership_sourcing_versus_adversarial_competition_a_critique">The economics of partnership sourcing versus adversarial competition: a critique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49514847" href="https://york.academia.edu/KeithHartley">Keith Hartley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The economics of partnership sourcing versus adversarial competition: a critique","attachmentId":46127454,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25770972/The_economics_of_partnership_sourcing_versus_adversarial_competition_a_critique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25770972/The_economics_of_partnership_sourcing_versus_adversarial_competition_a_critique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="70670741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70670741/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_">Relationship contracting: a case study of the Top Ryde Public Private Partnership (PPP)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="199654590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KerryLondon">Kerry London</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The last two decades have seen the evolution of PPPs as an alternative procurement method to traditional methods of delivering public infrastructure. Competing demands for public sector investment for new infrastructure has prompted Australian governments to increasingly turn to the private sector to form partnerships in the construction, ownership and operation of infrastructure assets. This has become a major challenge for both public and private sector stakeholders but the emergence of PPPs provides an alternate means for developing infrastructure using private sector expertise. There is considerable growth potential for PPPs given that the New South Wales Government has developed policies to expand the application of PPPs to include social infrastructure, such as hospitals and schools. Subsequently Local government has been investigating the delivery of infrastructure and services PPPs. A key argument for Governments to procure projects using PPPs is that the process would deliv...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationship contracting: a case study of the Top Ryde Public Private Partnership (PPP)","attachmentId":80324342,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70670741/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70670741/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="68450992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68450992/The_application_of_transaction_cost_economics_to_UK_defence_acquisition">The application of transaction cost economics to UK defence acquisition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27649815" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KebedeE">Ermias Kebede</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Major defence projects have a reputation of cost increases, time delays and in some cases not meeting user requirements. The aim of this study was to discover the factors which create the difficulties in UK defence acquisition projects. The dataset used in this research are seventeen, National Audit Office: Value for Money reports of major defence projects. Qualitative Software NVivo 8 was used to organise passages from the reports into categories of factors representing the defence acquisition process. A content analysis method was applied to the categories in order to highlight their quantitative and qualitative significance. A Transaction Cost Economics approach was taken to formulate the research propositions, which were tested using the qualitative content analysis.The fundamental transformation in defence procurement leads to post-contract asset specificity. There is a lack of substitute suppliers in defence procurement due to the high switching costs. There are three reasons ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The application of transaction cost economics to UK defence acquisition","attachmentId":78921006,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68450992/The_application_of_transaction_cost_economics_to_UK_defence_acquisition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68450992/The_application_of_transaction_cost_economics_to_UK_defence_acquisition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="70670156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70670156/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_NOVA_The_University_of_Newcastles_Digital_Repository">Relationship contracting: a case study of the Top Ryde Public Private Partnership (PPP)| NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="199654590" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KerryLondon">Kerry London</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationship contracting: a case study of the Top Ryde Public Private Partnership (PPP)| NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository","attachmentId":80324102,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/70670156/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_NOVA_The_University_of_Newcastles_Digital_Repository","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/70670156/Relationship_contracting_a_case_study_of_the_Top_Ryde_Public_Private_Partnership_PPP_NOVA_The_University_of_Newcastles_Digital_Repository"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="22130483" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22130483/PUBLIC_PROCUREMENT_MECHANISMS_FOR_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS">PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MECHANISMS FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20731065" href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/ElenaShadrina">Elena Shadrina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Why do some countries (often developing and emerging economies) adopt special laws on PPP, whilst in others PPPs are governed by the legislation on public procurement and related bylaws? This paper explains the above global discrepancies from an institutional perspective. In a contract-theoretical framework we demonstrate how PPPs can enable projects that are not feasible through standard public procurement arrangements. Incentives for private partners are created through extra benefits (often non-contractible) from their collaboration with the government (e.g. risk reduction, reputational gains, access to additional resources, lower bureaucratic burden, etc.). In a well-developed institutional environment these benefits are implicitly guaranteed, suggesting no need in a specialized PPP-enabling legislation. Otherwise, a PPP law should establish an institutional architecture to provide the above benefits.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PUBLIC PROCUREMENT MECHANISMS FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS","attachmentId":42797181,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22130483/PUBLIC_PROCUREMENT_MECHANISMS_FOR_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22130483/PUBLIC_PROCUREMENT_MECHANISMS_FOR_PUBLIC_PRIVATE_PARTNERSHIPS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="15081979" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15081979/UK_Defence_Acquisition_Process_for_NEC_Transaction_Governance_within_an_Integrated_Project_Team">UK Defence Acquisition Process for NEC: Transaction Governance within an Integrated Project Team</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34009836" href="https://hw.academia.edu/DavidLowe">David J Lowe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of 6th Annual Acquisition Research Symposium 13-14 May 2009. Monterey, California, USA, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Using a 3-tier framework for a study of the acquisition of an Advance Military Vehicle (AMV), we explore the shaping of the buyer-supplier relationship in the context of the UK defence acquisition process. This relationship encompasses the Ministry of Defence (MoD), a monopsonist, partnering with a monopolistic defence industry. The transition from an oligopolistic to monopolistic defence industry is a result of a number of government policies that have created a consolidated defence industrial base. Defence industry relationships have historically been adversarial, making defence acquisition in the past inefficient. We identify Integrated Project Teams (IPTs) as being central to the institutional level aims of creating a collaborative industrial relation. IPTs characterise relational contracting practices at the governance level, which demands communication, collaboration and trust. However, difficulties at the process level in utilising relational contracting because of a lack of definition communication and mutual gain within the day-to-day business of the IPT limit the benefits of this approach. This failure to create an effective partnership between the MoD and its prime contractors highlights the major challenge facing the UK defence sector in its transition towards capability acquisition, such as Network Enabled Capability (NEC). NEC demands a more collaborative, through-life approach to defence acquisition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"UK Defence Acquisition Process for NEC: Transaction Governance within an Integrated Project Team","attachmentId":38536192,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15081979/UK_Defence_Acquisition_Process_for_NEC_Transaction_Governance_within_an_Integrated_Project_Team","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15081979/UK_Defence_Acquisition_Process_for_NEC_Transaction_Governance_within_an_Integrated_Project_Team"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27882062" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27882062/Relationship_management_in_the_management_of_PFI_PPP_projects_in_the_UK">Relationship management in the management of PFI/PPP projects in the UK</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52243017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HedleySmyth">Hedley Smyth</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Project Management, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationship management in the management of PFI/PPP projects in the UK","attachmentId":48168629,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27882062/Relationship_management_in_the_management_of_PFI_PPP_projects_in_the_UK","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27882062/Relationship_management_in_the_management_of_PFI_PPP_projects_in_the_UK"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46127461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":46127461,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_46127461" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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