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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of demolition</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/262px--AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="262" height="138" data-durationhint="151" data-mwtitle="AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="450" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="676" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1012" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="2048" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="136" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="224" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="338" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm/AfE-Tower_Blasting_in_240-fps_Slow-Motion.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="338" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/AfE-Turm" title="AfE-Turm">AfE-Turm</a> building demolition slow motion video</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/262px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif" decoding="async" width="262" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/393px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif/524px-Athlone_cooling_towers_demolition_2010-08-22.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Implosion of the <a href="/wiki/Athlone_Power_Station" title="Athlone Power Station">Athlone Power Station</a> cooling towers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/262px--HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="262" height="147" data-durationhint="14" data-mwtitle="HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm/HaarbachtalbrueckeSprengung2024AutobahnGmbH.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Blasting of a highway bridge in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">controlled demolition</a> industry, <b>building implosion</b> is the strategic placing of <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">explosive material</a> and timing of its detonation so that a structure collapses on itself in a matter of seconds, minimizing the physical damage to its immediate surroundings. Despite its terminology, building implosion also includes the controlled demolition of other structures, like <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">smokestacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tower" title="Tower">towers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunnels</a>. This is typically done to save time and money of what would otherwise be an extensive demolition process with construction equipment, as well as to reduce construction workers exposure to infrastructure that is in severe disrepair. </p><p>Building implosion, which reduces to seconds a process which could take months or years to achieve by other methods, typically occurs in urban areas<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and often involves large landmark structures. </p><p>The actual use of the term "implosion" to refer to the destruction of a building is a <a href="/wiki/Misnomer" title="Misnomer">misnomer</a>. This had been stated of the destruction of <a href="/wiki/1515_Tower" title="1515 Tower">1515 Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach, Florida</a>. "What happens is, you use explosive materials in critical structural connections to allow gravity to bring it down."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/170px--Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="170" height="302" data-durationhint="21" data-mwtitle="Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="720" data-height="1280" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="82" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv/Radio_Network_House_implosion.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Implosion of Radio Network House, damaged by the <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central_City" title="Christchurch Central City">Christchurch Central City</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The term "implosion" was coined by my grandmother back in, I guess, the '60s. It's a more descriptive way to explain what we do than "explosion". There <i>are</i> a series of small explosions, but the building itself isn't erupting outward. It's actually being pulled in on top of itself. What we're really doing is removing specific support columns within the structure and then cajoling the building in one direction or another, or straight down.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Stacy Loizeaux, <a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">NOVA</a>, December 1996<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The term <i>building implosion</i> can be misleading to a layperson: The technique is not a true <a href="/wiki/Implosion_(mechanical_process)" title="Implosion (mechanical process)">implosion</a> phenomenon. A true implosion usually involves a difference between internal (lower) and external (higher) pressure, or inward and outward forces, that is so large that the structure collapses inward into itself.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In contrast, building implosion techniques do not rely on the difference between internal and external pressure to collapse a structure. Instead, the goal is to induce a <a href="/wiki/Progressive_collapse" title="Progressive collapse">progressive collapse</a> by weakening or removing critical supports; therefore, the building can no longer withstand gravity loads and will fail under its own weight.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Numerous small explosives, strategically placed within the structure, are used to catalyze the collapse. <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">Nitroglycerin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>, or other explosives are used to shatter reinforced concrete supports. <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">Linear shaped charges</a> are used to sever steel supports. These explosives are progressively detonated on supports throughout the structure. Then, explosives on the lower floors initiate the controlled collapse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A simple structure like a chimney can be prepared for demolition in less than a day. Larger or more complex structures can take up to six months of preparation to remove internal walls and wrap columns with fabric and fencing before firing the explosives.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_overview">Historical overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg/220px-Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg/330px-Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg/440px-Buffalo_Implode2_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption>Demolition by controlled explosion in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/220px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/330px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif/440px-Demolition_of_the_New_Haven_Coliseum.gif 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>The demolition of the <a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Coliseum" title="New Haven Coliseum">New Haven Coliseum</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">demolition</a> industry, the history of building implosion is tied to the development of <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">explosives</a> technology.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One of the earliest documented attempts at building implosion was the 1773 razing of Holy Trinity Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> with 150 lb (68.04 kg; 10.71 st) of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>, a huge amount of explosives at the time. The use of <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material#Low_explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">low velocity explosive</a> produced a deafening explosion that instantly reduced the building to rubble.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The late 19th century saw the erection of—and ultimately the need to demolish—the first <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscrapers</a>, which had more complicated structures, allowing greater heights. This led to other considerations in the explosive demolition of buildings, such as worker and spectator safety and limiting collateral damage. Benefiting from the availability of <a href="/wiki/Dynamite" title="Dynamite">dynamite</a>, a high-velocity explosive based on a stabilized form of <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitroglycerine">nitroglycerine</a>, and borrowing from techniques used in rock-blasting, such as staggered detonation of several small charges, the process of building implosion gradually became more efficient.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, European demolition experts, faced with huge reconstruction projects in dense urban areas, gathered practical knowledge and experience for bringing down large structures without harming adjacent properties.<sup id="cite_ref-HEDA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the emergence of a demolition industry that grew and matured during the latter half of the twentieth century. At the same time, the development of more efficient high-velocity explosives, such as <a href="/wiki/RDX" title="RDX">RDX</a>, and non-electrical firing systems combined to make this a period of time in which the building implosion technique was extensively used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, public interest in the spectacle of controlled building explosion also grew. The October 1994 demolition of the Sears Merchandise Center in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a> drew a cheering crowd of 50,000, as well as protesters, bands, and street vendors selling building implosion memorabilia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Evolution in the mastery of controlled demolition led to the world record<sup id="cite_ref-HEDA_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEDA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Kingdome" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Kingdome">Seattle Kingdome</a> on March 26, 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canberra_Hospital_implosion" title="Royal Canberra Hospital implosion">Royal Canberra Hospital</a> in Canberra, Australia, was demolished. The main building did not fully disintegrate and had to be manually demolished. The explosion during the initial demolition attempt was not contained on the site and large pieces of debris were projected towards spectators 500 m (546.81 yd) away, in a location considered safe for viewing. A twelve-year-old girl was killed instantly, and nine others were injured. Large fragments of masonry and metal were found 650 m (710.85 yd) from the demolition site.<sup id="cite_ref-Coronersintro_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coronersintro-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 24, 1998, the <a href="/wiki/J._L._Hudson_Department_Store_and_Addition" title="J. L. Hudson Department Store and Addition">J. L. Hudson Department Store and Addition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> became the tallest, and the largest, building ever imploded. </p><p>On February 23, 2007 an unfinished Intel building known as the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Shell" title="Intel Shell">Intel Shell</a> was imploded in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, which was halted in April 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 13, 2009, an unfinished 31-story condominium tower, known as the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Tower" title="Ocean Tower">Ocean Tower</a>, was imploded in <a href="/wiki/South_Padre_Island,_Texas" title="South Padre Island, Texas">South Padre Island, Texas</a>. Construction on the new tower had begun in 2006, but it had been sinking unevenly during construction, which halted in 2008, and could not be saved. It is believed to be one of the tallest reinforced concrete structures ever imploded.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Building implosion has been successfully used at Department of Energy sites such as the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina and the Hanford Site in Washington. The SRS 185-3K or "K" Area Cooling Tower, built in 1992 to cool the water from the K Reactor, was no longer needed when the Cold War ended and was safely demolished by explosive demolition on May 25, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hanford Site Buildings 337, 337B, and the 309 Exhaust Stack, built in the early 1970s and vacated in the mid-2000s due to deteriorating physical condition, were safely razed by explosive demolition on October 9, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 471.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 469.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Demolition of a chimney at the former "Henninger Brewery" in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on 2 December 2006"><img alt="Demolition of a chimney at the former "Henninger Brewery" in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, on 2 December 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/704px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="470" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/1058px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg/1408px-Blasting_of_a_chimney_at_the_former_Henninger_Brewery_in_Frankfurt_am_Main%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4179" data-file-height="1336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 450px"><div class="gallerytext">Demolition of a chimney at the former "<a href="/wiki/Henninger_Brewery" title="Henninger Brewery">Henninger Brewery</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>, Germany, on 2 December 2006</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 230.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 228.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tencza_demolition.png" class="mw-file-description" title="June 2006 demolition of the 12-story Tencza Apartment building in Arlington, Virginia. (See video)"><img alt="June 2006 demolition of the 12-story Tencza Apartment building in Arlington, Virginia. (See video)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tencza_demolition.png/343px-Tencza_demolition.png" decoding="async" width="229" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tencza_demolition.png/515px-Tencza_demolition.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Tencza_demolition.png/685px-Tencza_demolition.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 209px"><div class="gallerytext">June 2006 demolition of the 12-story Tencza Apartment building in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arlington, Virginia">Arlington, Virginia</a>. (See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-WvQbFMIWU">video</a>)</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/400px--Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="267" height="150" data-durationhint="63" data-mwtitle="Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_explosive_demolition_10x_slow_motion.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 247px"><div class="gallerytext">Tappan Zee Bridge explosive demolition in slow motion</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_Demolition,_Inc." title="Controlled Demolition, Inc.">Controlled Demolition, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_voluntarily_demolished_buildings" title="List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings">List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100213091855/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/taking-down-1515-tower-no-implosion-not-quite-223838.html">"Taking down 1515 Tower: No implosion, not quite explosion"</a>. <i>www.palmbeachpost.com</i>. 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Interviewed by Leonel Lagos; Peggy Shoffner; Lee Brady.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=D%26D+KM&rft.atitle=Explosive+Demolition+of+Buildings+337%2C+337B+and+the+309+Stack+at+the+Hanford%27s+300+Area&rft.date=2010-11-11&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Beckworth%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Kisenwether%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dndkm.org%2FDOEKMDocuments%2FBestPractices%2F18-FINAL_337%2520Building%2520Explosion%2520Demolition_BP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuilding+implosion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Building_implosion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Building_demolition" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Building demolition">Building demolition</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.extremeloading.com/">Demolition Simulation</a> Advanced structural analysis for predicting demolitions.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.implosionworld.com/industryhistory.htm">A History of Structural Demolition in America</a> by Brent L. Blanchard</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/building-implosion.htm">How Building Implosions Work</a> by Tom Harris on <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">www.howstuffworks.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070603021157/http://www.auslandsjahr.eu/2007/04/26/top-10-hochhaussprengungen/">Building Implosions</a> Videos</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chksum.com/">Bank Implosion Videos and Photos</a> Videos</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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