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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Springfield, Illinois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Springfield,_Illinois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attorney_and_mayor_of_Toledo,_Ohio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attorney_and_mayor_of_Toledo,_Ohio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Attorney and mayor of Toledo, Ohio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attorney_and_mayor_of_Toledo,_Ohio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_to_Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_to_Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ambassador to Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_to_Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Writings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Represented_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Represented_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Represented in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Represented_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83" title="براند وايتلوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براند وايتلوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand_Whitlock" title="Brand Whitlock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brand Whitlock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753365#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Brand Whitlock</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Brand_Whitlock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">34th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toledo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Toledo">Mayor of Toledo</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1906–1914</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Robert H. Finch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_H._Keller" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl H. Keller">Carl H. Keller</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Belgium">United States Ambassador to Belgium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1919–1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>post created</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Henry P. Fletcher</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joseph Brand Whitlock</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1869-03-04</span>)</span>March 4, 1869<br /><a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Ohio" title="Urbana, Ohio">Urbana, Ohio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 24, 1934<span style="display:none">(1934-05-24)</span> (aged 65)<br /><a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data">Democratic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Susan Brainerd, Ella Brainerd</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Attorney, journalist, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Brand_Whitlock.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Brand Whitlock's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Signature_of_Brand_Whitlock.png/128px-Signature_of_Brand_Whitlock.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Signature_of_Brand_Whitlock.png 1.5x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="49" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Brand Whitlock</b> (March 4, 1869 – May 24, 1934) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> journalist, attorney, politician, <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgist</a>, four-time mayor of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a> elected on the Independent ticket; ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, and author of numerous articles and books, both novels and non-fiction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journalist">Journalist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Journalist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born Joseph Brand Whitlock in <a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Ohio" title="Urbana, Ohio">Urbana, Ohio</a>, son of the Rev. Elias and Mollie Lavinia (Brand) Whitlock, he was educated in the public schools and by private tutors. Rather than attend college, Whitlock began working as a reporter for several papers in <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Toledo_Blade" class="mw-redirect" title="The Toledo Blade">The Toledo Blade</a></i>. </p><p>In 1891, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> to work for <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Times" title="Chicago Times">The Chicago Herald</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He covered baseball, including longtime Chicago captain-manager <a href="/wiki/Cap_Anson" title="Cap Anson">Cap Anson</a>, whom he sometimes referred to in print as "Grampa."<sup id="cite_ref-crunden_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crunden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also covered the <a href="/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention" title="1892 Republican National Convention">1892 Republican National Convention</a> and the 1892 Illinois legislative session.<sup id="cite_ref-crunden_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crunden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitlock joined <a href="/wiki/The_Whitechapel_Club" title="The Whitechapel Club">the Whitechapel Club</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Springfield,_Illinois"><span id="Springfield.2C_Illinois"></span>Springfield, Illinois</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Springfield, Illinois"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati,_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo,_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg/250px-Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg/375px-Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg/500px-Mayor_H.T._Hunt_of_Cincinnati%2C_Brand_Whitlock_of_Toledo%2C_Newton_Baker_of_Cleveland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5475" data-file-height="3885" /></a><figcaption><i>The Holy Trinity</i>, as Ohio mayors (L-R) <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Hunt" title="Henry Thomas Hunt">Henry Thomas Hunt</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Brand Whitlock of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newton_D._Baker" title="Newton D. Baker">Newton D. Baker</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a> were called following the mayoral elections of November 4, 1911.</figcaption></figure> <p>His political writing attracted attention by Illinois politicians, and Whitlock was offered a job as Gov. <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Altgeld" title="John Peter Altgeld">John Peter Altgeld</a>'s personal secretary; instead he took a position with the Secretary of State.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Springfield, he also studied the law under <a href="/wiki/John_M._Palmer_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Palmer (politician)">Senator J. M. Palmer</a>; he was admitted to the bar in 1894, at the age of 25.<sup id="cite_ref-crunden_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crunden-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whitlock had married Susan Brainerd in 1892, but she died four months after their wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-crundenp36_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crundenp36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895 he married again, choosing her sister Nell Brainerd.<sup id="cite_ref-crundenp36_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crundenp36-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, Whitlock prepared the pardon documents for the <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Haymarket Affair">Haymarket Affair</a>'s convicted men: Fielden, Neebe, and Schwab. After Gov. Altgeld signed the pardons, Whitlock commented, "The storm will break now," to which the governor replied, "It was merely doing right."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whitlock became very active in <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Democratic Party">Illinois Democratic Party</a> politics. In 1894, he was Chair of the Democratic Finance Committee and in charge of arrangements for the state convention.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attorney_and_mayor_of_Toledo,_Ohio"><span id="Attorney_and_mayor_of_Toledo.2C_Ohio"></span>Attorney and mayor of Toledo, Ohio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attorney and mayor of Toledo, Ohio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the defeat of Gov. Altgeld in 1896, Whitlock returned to <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a> in 1897, where he established a successful legal practice. Whitlock provided legal services to the Mayor of Toledo, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Jones" title="Samuel M. Jones">Samuel M. Jones</a>, a.k.a. "Golden Rule" Jones. In one case, Whitlock successfully argued to overturn the Ohio state statutes that governed municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whitlock entered politics more directly in Toledo, running on the Independent ticket for mayor; he was elected four times from 1906 to 1914. He was one of a number of Progressive politicians elected as mayors of major Midwestern cities in 1911, following the unexpected sweep of the <a href="/wiki/Sewer_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewer Socialism">Milwaukee Socialists</a> in 1910. He declined a fifth nomination as mayor when recruited for a diplomatic post. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambassador_to_Belgium">Ambassador to Belgium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ambassador to Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg/180px-Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg/270px-Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg/360px-Brand_Whitlock_and_his_wife_in_New_York_City_in_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Brand Whitlock and his wife in New York City in 1915</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_(1869-1934),_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony,_Toledo,_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_(page_1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg/220px-Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg/440px-Mayor_Brand_Whitlock_%281869-1934%29%2C_Newsboys%27_Building_Site_Ground_Breaking_Ceremony%2C_Toledo%2C_Ohio_-_DPLA_-_d614c028396ae29547eafa1a1dc8e9d9_%28page_1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3221" data-file-height="2016" /></a><figcaption>Mayor Brand Whitlock, Newsboys' Building Site Ground Breaking Ceremony, 1908, Toledo, Ohio</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Brand_Whitlock_in_the_1910s_-_LCCN2014700643_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>Brand Whitlock in the 1910s</figcaption></figure> <p>After finishing his last term as mayor, in 1913 Whitlock was appointed minister to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">President Wilson</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> broke out, his responsibilities were increased as he was given representation for seven additional countries in wartime. His position was extremely sensitive after the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> occupation of Belgium. His adroit performance of his duties in the office won him an international reputation for tact, zeal, and efficiency. Whitlock ensured food aid sent by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Relief_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Relief in Belgium">Committee for Relief in Belgium</a> went to Belgian citizens rather than the German occupation forces.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the United States' declaration of war against Germany in April 1917, Whitlock needed to leave Belgium. He insisted on ensuring he accompanied other Americans out of Belgium, and crossed into Switzerland, which was neutral. During the war, he visited <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium" title="Albert I of Belgium">King Albert of Belgium</a> at the Allied battle front. </p><p>After the signing of the armistice in November 1918 and the restoration of the Belgian government, Whitlock returned to Brussels as minister. In 1919, he went to the United States for a visit. While he was at home, the United States' representation in Belgium was raised to rank of an embassy, and Whitlock became an ambassador.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Whitlock wrote numerous newspaper articles, short stories, novels, essays, biographies, non-fiction and memoirs. His novels dealt with political and social issues. The anarchist activist <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> described Whitlock's novel <i>The Turn of the Balance</i> as "the greatest American exposé of crime in the making" and argued that its characters demonstrate "how the legal aspects of crime, and the methods of dealing with it, help to create the disease which is undermining our entire social life."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Non-fiction</b> </p> <ul><li>(1908). <i>Abraham Lincoln</i>.</li> <li>(1910-1913). <i>On the Enforcement of Law in Cities</i>.</li> <li>(1914). <i>Forty Years of It</i>.</li> <li>(1919). <i>Belgium: a Personal Record</i> [2 vols.]</li> <li>(1920). <i>Walt Whitman: How to Know Him</i>.</li> <li>(1929). <i>Lafayette</i>.</li> <li>(1936). <i>The Letters and Journal of Brand Whitlock</i>.</li></ul> <p><b>Fiction</b> </p> <ul><li>(1902). <i>The Thirteenth District: The Story of a Candidate</i>.</li> <li>(1904). <i>The Happy Average</i>.</li> <li>(1904). <i>Her Infinite Variety</i>.</li> <li>(1907). <i>The Turn of the Balance</i>.</li> <li>(1910). <i>The Gold Brick</i>.</li> <li>(1912). <i>The Fall Guy</i>.</li> <li>(1923). <i>J. Hardin and Son</i>.</li> <li>(1926). <i>Uprooted</i>.</li> <li>(1927). <i>Transplanted</i>.</li> <li>(1928). <i>Big Matt</i>.</li> <li>(1931). <i>Narcissus</i>.</li> <li>(1931). <i>The Little Green Shutter</i>.</li> <li>(1933). <i>The Stranger on the Island</i>.</li> <li>(1977). <i>The Buckeyes</i>, edited by Paul W. Miller.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Represented_in_popular_culture">Represented in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Represented in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> wrote about Altgeld's pardons of men from the Haymarket Affair in his book, <i>Profiles in Courage.</i> In the 1965 television show based on the book, <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(actor)" title="John Kerr (actor)">John Kerr</a> played Brand Whitlock.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202105451/http://video.wbgu.org/video/1544337866/"><i>The Reluctant Hero: Brand Whitlock</i></a> was a WBGU-<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary about him.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_honors">Legacy and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his service to Belgium, Whitlock received numerous honors, including the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> knighthood.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an early member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A boulevard in Brussels was named for him in the <a href="/wiki/Woluwe-Saint-Lambert" title="Woluwe-Saint-Lambert">Woluwe-Saint-Lambert</a> municipality. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elected_socialist_mayors_in_the_United_States" title="List of elected socialist mayors in the United States">List of elected socialist mayors in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself - Brand Whitlock in Art, Politics, and War</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, Inc. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself+-+Brand+Whitlock+in+Art%2C+Politics%2C+and+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knoff%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crunden-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crunden_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crunden_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crunden_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself - Brand Whitlock in Art, Politics, and War</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, Inc. pp. 31 to 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself+-+Brand+Whitlock+in+Art%2C+Politics%2C+and+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31+to+35&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knoff%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crundenp36-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crundenp36_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crundenp36_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTager1968" class="citation book cs1">Tager, Jack (1968). <i>The Intellectual as Urban Reformer - Brand Whitlock and the Progressive Movement</i>. Cleveland: The Press of Case Western University. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intellectual+as+Urban+Reformer+-+Brand+Whitlock+and+the+Progressive+Movement&rft.place=Cleveland&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=The+Press+of+Case+Western+University&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Tager&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTager1968" class="citation book cs1">Tager, Jack (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intellectualasur0000tage"><i>The Intellectual as Urban Reformer - Brand Whitlock and the Progressive Movement</i></a></span>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Press of Case Western Reserve University. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intellectualasur0000tage/page/64">64</a> to 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intellectual+as+Urban+Reformer+-+Brand+Whitlock+and+the+Progressive+Movement&rft.place=Cleveland%2C+Ohio&rft.pages=64+to+66&rft.pub=The+Press+of+Case+Western+Reserve+University&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Tager&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintellectualasur0000tage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTager1969" class="citation book cs1">Tager, Jack (1969). <i>The Intellectual as Urban Reformer - Brand Whitlock and the Progressive Movement</i>. Cleveland Ohio: The Press of Case Western Reserve University. pp. 152 and 153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Intellectual+as+Urban+Reformer+-+Brand+Whitlock+and+the+Progressive+Movement&rft.place=Cleveland+Ohio&rft.pages=152+and+153&rft.pub=The+Press+of+Case+Western+Reserve+University&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Tager&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1921" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Whitlock, Brand"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Whitlock,_Brand">"Whitlock, Brand" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whitlock%2C+Brand&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=P.+F.+Collier+%26+Son+Company&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRines1920" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Whitlock, Brand"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Whitlock,_Brand">"Whitlock, Brand" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whitlock%2C+Brand&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman, Emma</a> (1998). "Prisons: A Social Crime and Failure". In <a href="/wiki/Alix_Kates_Shulman" title="Alix Kates Shulman">Shulman, Alix Kates</a> (ed.). <i>Red Emma Speaks: An Emma Goldman Reader</i> (3rd ed.). Humanity Books. p. 336.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prisons%3A+A+Social+Crime+and+Failure&rft.btitle=Red+Emma+Speaks%3A+An+Emma+Goldman+Reader&rft.pages=336&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Humanity+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Emma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitlock1977" class="citation book cs1">Whitlock, Brand (1977). Paul W. Miller (ed.). <i>The Buckeyes - Politics and Abolitionism in an Ohio Town, 1836-1845</i>. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8214-0222-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8214-0222-6"><bdi>0-8214-0222-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buckeyes+-+Politics+and+Abolitionism+in+an+Ohio+Town%2C+1836-1845&rft.place=Athens%2C+OH&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8214-0222-6&rft.aulast=Whitlock&rft.aufirst=Brand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1969" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert M. (1969). <i>A Hero in Spite of Himself - Brand Whitlock in Art, Politics, and War</i>. New York: Albert A. Knopf. p. 370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hero+in+Spite+of+Himself+-+Brand+Whitlock+in+Art%2C+Politics%2C+and+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Albert+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=faBtNh34xREC&pg=PA216">"American Academy of Arts and Letters"</a>. <i>World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1919</i>. New York: The Press Publishing Co. (The New York World). May 22, 2024. p. 216.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Letters&rft.btitle=World+Almanac+and+Encyclopedia+1919&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=The+Press+Publishing+Co.+%28The+New+York+World%29&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfaBtNh34xREC%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whitlock, Brand"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Whitlock,_Brand">"Whitlock, Brand" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Whitlock%2C+Brand&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=The+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anderson, David D. (1968). <i>Brand Whitlock</i>. New York: Twayne Publishers.</li> <li>Bremner, Robert H. (1950). "The Civic Revival in Ohio: Artist in Politics: Brand Whitlock," <i>The American Journal of Economics and Sociology</i>, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 239–254.</li> <li>Cayton, Andrew (2002). <i>Ohio: The History of a People</i>. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.</li> <li>Hofstadter, Richard (1960). <i>The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R</i>. New York, NY: Vintage Books.</li> <li>Hofstadter, Richard (1963). <i>The Progressive Movement, 1900-1915</i>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.</li> <li>McGerr, Michael (2003). <i>A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870-1920</i>. New York, NY: Free Press.</li> <li>Thorburn, Neil (1968). "Brand Whitlock (1869-1934)," <i>American Literary Realism, 1870-1910</i>, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 30–35.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brand_Whitlock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brand_Whitlock" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brand Whitlock">Brand Whitlock</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/37861">Works by Brand Whitlock</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/csearch.php?author=Whitlock%2C%20Brand">Works by Brand Whitlock</a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Whitlock%2C%20Brand%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Brand%20Whitlock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Whitlock%2C%20Brand%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Brand%20Whitlock%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Whitlock%2C%20B%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Brand%20Whitlock%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Whitlock%2C%20Brand%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Brand%20Whitlock%22%29%20OR%20%28%221869-1934%22%20AND%20Whitlock%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Brand Whitlock</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Whitlock,%20Brand,%201869-1934.%22&type=author&inst=">Works by Brand Whitlock</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Hathi_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Hathi Trust">Hathi Trust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202105451/http://video.wbgu.org/video/1544337866/"><i>The Reluctant Hero: Brand Whitlock</i></a>, WBGU-PBS documentary.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIMDB" class="citation web cs1">IMDB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0679739/fullcredits#cast">"<i>Profiles in Courage:</i> John Peter Altgeld (1965)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Profiles+in+Courage%3A+John+Peter+Altgeld+%281965%29&rft.au=IMDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0679739%2Ffullcredits%23cast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrand+Whitlock" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><b>post created</b></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Belgium">United States Ambassador to Belgium</a> </b><br />1919–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Henry P. Fletcher</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Legaré">Legaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Maxcy" title="Virgil Maxcy">Maxcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Washington_Hilliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Washington Hilliard">Hilliard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Green_Clemson" title="Thomas Green Clemson">Clemson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Bayard" title="Richard H. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Seibels" title="John Jacob Seibels">Seibels</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister Resident</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Seibels" title="John Jacob Seibels">Seibels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Y._Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisha Y. Fair">Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shelton_Sanford" title="Henry Shelton Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Russell_Jones" title="Joseph Russell Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayres_Phillips_Merrill" title="Ayres Phillips Merrill">Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_C._Goodloe_(ambassador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William C. Goodloe (ambassador) (page does not exist)">Goodloe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Putnam" title="James O. Putnam">Putnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fish_II" title="Nicholas Fish II">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Tree" title="Lambert Tree">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary<br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_Tree" title="Lambert Tree">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_Parkhurst" title="John Gibson Parkhurst">Parkhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Terrell" title="Edwin H. Terrell">Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stevenson_Ewing" title="James Stevenson Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellamy_Storer_(politician,_born_1847)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellamy Storer (politician, born 1847)">Storer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Townsend" title="Lawrence Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lane_Wilson" title="Henry Lane Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Page_Bryan" title="Charles Page Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larz_Anderson" title="Larz Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Marburg" title="Theodore Marburg">Marburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whitlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_(diplomat)" title="William Phillips (diplomat)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Gibson" title="Hugh S. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Hennen_Morris" title="Dave Hennen Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Gibson" title="Hugh S. Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Davies" title="Joseph E. Davies">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cudahy" title="John Cudahy">Cudahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Jr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Sawyer" title="Charles W. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Goodrich_Kirk" title="Alan Goodrich Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Daniel_Murphy" title="Robert Daniel Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_M._Cowen" title="Myron M. Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_M._Alger_Jr." title="Frederick M. Alger Jr.">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clifford_Folger" title="John Clifford Folger">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._M._Burden" title="William A. M. Burden">Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur_II" title="Douglas MacArthur II">MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgway_B._Knight" title="Ridgway B. Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eisenhower" title="John Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Strausz-Hup%C3%A9" title="Robert Strausz-Hupé">Strausz-Hupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Firestone" title="Leonard Firestone">Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cox_Chambers" title="Anne Cox Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Price_II" title="Charles H. Price II">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Swaebe" title="Geoffrey Swaebe">Swaebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard_W._Glitman" title="Maynard W. Glitman">Glitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Gelb" title="Bruce Gelb">Gelb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Blinken" title="Alan Blinken">Blinken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Cejas" title="Paul L. Cejas">Cejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Brauer" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Brauer">Brauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Korologos" title="Tom C. Korologos">Korologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox" title="Sam Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Bush" title="Wayne Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Gutman" title="Howard Gutman">Gutman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Bauer" title="Denise Bauer">Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Gidwitz" title="Ronald Gidwitz">Gidwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_M._Adler" title="Michael M. Adler">Adler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" title="Template:Mayors of Toledo, Ohio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" title="Template talk:Mayors of Toledo, Ohio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of Toledo, Ohio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg/23px-Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg/35px-Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg/46px-Flag_of_Toledo%2C_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="517" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toledo,_Ohio" title="List of mayors of Toledo, Ohio">Mayors of Toledo, Ohio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Berdan" title="John Berdan">John Berdan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hezekiah_D._Mason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hezekiah D. Mason (page does not exist)">Hezekiah D. Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myron_H._Tilden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myron H. Tilden (page does not exist)">Myron H. Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Myers_(politician)" title="James Myers (politician)">James Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_B._Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George B. Way (page does not exist)">George B. Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mott_(politician)" title="Richard Mott (politician)">Richard Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_D._Potter" title="Emery D. Potter">Emery D. Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_O._Morton" title="Daniel O. Morton">Daniel O. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_F._Abbott" title="Caleb F. Abbott">Caleb F. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Dorr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Dorr (page does not exist)">Charles M. Dorr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_McBain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel McBain (page does not exist)">Daniel McBain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_B._Brown" title="Egbert B. Brown">Egbert B. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ira_L._Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ira L. Clark (page does not exist)">Ira L. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mavor_Brigham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mavor Brigham (page does not exist)">Mavor Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Dorr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Dorr (page does not exist)">Charles M. Dorr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Brownlee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Brownlee (page does not exist)">Alexander Brownlee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_H._Newcomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander H. Newcomb (page does not exist)">Alexander H. Newcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_R._Sherwood" title="Isaac R. Sherwood">Isaac R. Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Manor (page does not exist)">John Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Dorr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Dorr (page does not exist)">Charles M. Dorr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_A._King&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles A. King (page does not exist)">Charles A. King</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Kraus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Kraus (page does not exist)">William Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Jones" title="William W. Jones">William W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Marx" title="Guido Marx">Guido Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Jones" title="William W. Jones">William W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Romeis" title="Jacob Romeis">Jacob Romeis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Scheets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Scheets (page does not exist)">George W. Scheets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_F._Forbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel F. Forbes (page does not exist)">Samuel F. Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kent_Hamilton" title="James Kent Hamilton">James Kent Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_J._Emmick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent J. Emmick (page does not exist)">Vincent J. Emmick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guy_G._Major&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy G. Major (page does not exist)">Guy G. Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Jones" title="Samuel M. Jones">Samuel M. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_H._Finch_(Ohio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert H. Finch (Ohio) (page does not exist)">Robert H. Finch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brand Whitlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Henry_Keller" title="Carl Henry Keller">Carl Henry Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_M._Milroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles M. Milroy (page does not exist)">Charles M. Milroy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornell_Schreiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornell Schreiber (page does not exist)">Cornell Schreiber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_F._Brough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard F. Brough (page does not exist)">Bernard F. Brough</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_J._Mery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred J. Mery (page does not exist)">Fred J. Mery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Jackson_(Ohio_politician)" title="William T. Jackson (Ohio politician)">William T. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addison_Q._Thacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addison Q. Thacher (page does not exist)">Addison Q. Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solon_T._Klotz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solon T. Klotz (page does not exist)">Solon T. Klotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_C._Start" title="Roy C. Start">Roy C. Start</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Q._Carey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Q. Carey (page does not exist)">John Q. Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Emerson_Roulet" title="Lloyd Emerson Roulet">Lloyd Emerson Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_DiSalle" title="Michael DiSalle">Michael DiSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ollie_Czelusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ollie Czelusta (page does not exist)">Ollie Czelusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Emerson_Roulet" title="Lloyd Emerson Roulet">Lloyd Emerson Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ollie_Czelusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ollie Czelusta (page does not exist)">Ollie Czelusta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_W._Yager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Yager (page does not exist)">John W. Yager</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Damas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Damas (page does not exist)">Michael J. Damas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Potter" title="John William Potter">John William Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_J._Ensign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Ensign (page does not exist)">William J. Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_W._Kessler" title="Harry W. Kessler">Harry W. Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DeGood" title="Douglas DeGood">Douglas DeGood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Owens" title="Donna Owens">Donna Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McHugh_(Ohio_politician)" title="John McHugh (Ohio politician)">John McHugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carty_Finkbeiner" title="Carty Finkbeiner">Carty Finkbeiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ford_(politician)" title="Jack Ford (politician)">Jack Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carty_Finkbeiner" title="Carty Finkbeiner">Carty Finkbeiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bell_(mayor)" title="Michael Bell (mayor)">Michael Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Michael_Collins" title="D. Michael Collins">D. Michael Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_Hicks-Hudson" title="Paula Hicks-Hudson">Paula Hicks-Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Kapszukiewicz" title="Wade Kapszukiewicz">Wade Kapszukiewicz</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753365#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753365#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753365#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081024303">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/23336635">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6435/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxRBBYgK63ptH4Jcwqmh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/133679314">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50019870">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13203603b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13203603b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35605444">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20010316239&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071460004">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90779806">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810555314905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462738905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14376435">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Whitlock, Brand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05894380?l=en">CiNii</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/368626">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1012150">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/133679314">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/09367337X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583120">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65b0g3z">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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