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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Guamanian Jews<br />יהודי גואם</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:180%;"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God in Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">names</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvot</a> (<a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism"><span class="wrap">Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><span class="wrap">Bar and bat mitzvah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Judea" title="Timeline of the name Judea">Name "Judea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population" title="Historical Jewish population">Historical population comparisons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah"><span class="wrap">Kingdom of Judah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">in Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">timeline</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem"><span class="wrap">Temple in Jerusalem</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity"><span class="wrap">Assyrian captivity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity"><span class="wrap">Babylonian captivity</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty"><span class="wrap">Hasmonean dynasty</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Great Revolt</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_period" title="Rabbinic period">Rabbinic period</a> and Middle Ages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Christianity and Judaism</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Hinduism and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Islamic–Jewish</span> relations</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of European Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern era</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbateans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Jewish atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Arab–Israeli</span> conflict</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Communities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Litvak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Juhurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romanyotim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Bnei Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xueta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Mosaic Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahides</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_by_country" title="Judaism by country">Judaism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population_by_country" title="Historical Jewish population by country">Historical population by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jews" title="Genetic studies of Jews">Genetic studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Demographic history of Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa" title="History of the Jews in Africa">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola" title="History of the Jews in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Bilad_el-Sudan" title="Jews of Bilad el-Sudan">Bilad-el-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana" title="History of the Jews in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cameroon" title="History of the Jews in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Benin" title="History of the Jews in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Djibouti" title="History of the Jews in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eritrea" title="History of the Jews in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eswatini" title="History of the Jews in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gabon" title="History of the Jews in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Gambia" title="History of the Jews in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ghana" title="History of the Jews in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea" title="History of the Jews in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of the Jews in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malawi" title="History of the Jews in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mali" title="History of the Jews in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mauritius" title="History of the Jews in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mozambique" title="History of the Jews in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Namibia" title="History of the Jews in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of the Jews in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sierra_Leone" title="History of the Jews in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa"><span class="wrap">South Africa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sudan" title="History of the Jews in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tanzania" title="History of the Jews in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uganda" title="History of the Jews in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abayudaya" title="Abayudaya">Abayudaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zambia" title="History of the Jews in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zimbabwe" title="History of the Jews in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cambodia" title="History of the Jews in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jordan" title="History of the Jews in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kazakhstan" title="History of the Jews in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kuwait" title="History of the Jews in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lebanon" title="History of the Jews in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mongolia" title="History of the Jews in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Myanmar" title="History of the Jews in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Nepal" title="Judaism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oman" title="History of the Jews in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pakistan" title="History of the Jews in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Qatar" title="History of the Jews in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the Jews in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thailand" title="History of the Jews in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uzbekistan" title="History of the Jews in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Jews in the Czech lands">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Estonia" title="History of the Jews in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Finland" title="History of the Jews in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Moldova" title="History of the Jews in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom"><span class="wrap">United Kingdom</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Northern America</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Greenland" title="Jews in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and Caribbean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"><span class="wrap">Dominican Republic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica" title="History of the Jews in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico"><span class="wrap">Puerto Rico</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism"><span class="wrap">Reform</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Customs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism"><span class="wrap">Conversion to Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Jewish_art" title="Ancient Jewish art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Humour</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine#Ashkenazi" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_literature" title="Yiddish literature">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat_literature" title="Judeo-Tat literature">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_literature" title="Jewish American literature">American</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaïa Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The history of the <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in the western <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, dates back to at least 1899. A high point in Jewish activity in Guam was during the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Jews have continued to live there since, although as a small presence. As of 2009, there are approximately 150 Jews in Guam, of which about a third are religiously active.<sup id="cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuamNews2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the late 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> colony Guam was – as part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> – conquered by, and ceded to, the United States. For a brief period in 1899, the year following the annexation, the Jewish naval officer <a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Taussig" title="Edward D. Taussig">Edward D. Taussig</a> served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Guam">Governor of Guam</a>. He was the first American officer in charge of the territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Levinger2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levinger2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his short governorship, Taussig carried out a number of actions, among them the establishment of a local government consisting of native <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rogers1995_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogers1995-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having been <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">ousted</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> in 1941, American troops <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">recaptured</a> Guam in 1944 following years of occupation. In the wake of this, large amounts of military forces were deployed to the area – whether from the army, the navy, or other branches. Some of the personnel deployed were of Jewish origin, both secular and religious. One example of this was Lt. Miriam Miller, a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Nurse_Corps" title="United States Navy Nurse Corps">United States Navy Nurse Corps</a> who aided troops wounded across the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific theatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History1975_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History1975-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Jewish personnel in Guam were politically active, establishing the Guam Zionist Club after some of them decided that they should try to keep <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">zionism</a> alive among themselves. The association put out a mimeographed newspaper for its members, and advertised activities in regular military publications.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book <i>The Jews' Secret Fleet</i>, in which the author <a href="/wiki/Murray_Greenfield" title="Murray Greenfield">Murray Greenfield</a> described the participation of North American sailors in <i><a href="/wiki/Aliyah_Bet" title="Aliyah Bet">Aliyah Bet</a></i>, mentions how one individual came into contact with the secret operation through a newsletter for Jewish servicemen while stationed at Guam.<sup id="cite_ref-GreenfieldHochstein2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GreenfieldHochstein2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, 1,500 servicemen celebrated the Jewish holiday <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a> at Guam, in a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">Boeing B-29 Superfortress</a> hangar converted to the purpose by non-Jewish personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth Air Force</a>. The hangar was equipped with seats, a pulpit, a <a href="/wiki/Torah_ark" title="Torah ark">Torah ark</a> to hold sacred scrolls, special lighting, and public address systems. A souvenir prayer book was printed as well. Chaplain David I. Cedarbaum officiated the ceremony, while others led the attending choir and blew the <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A single Jewish <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> once existed on Guam. It was however destroyed in 1962, during an exceptionally strong typhoon. Despite this, members of the congregation continued to assemble.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1976, a military chapel was dedicated for use by practitioners of Judaism by the US Navy and Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuamNews2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Religious activity continue into the 21st century, with for example Jews represented in the Guam Interfaith Committee which began its activities in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occasionally, visiting <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbis</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> help the Jewish community in Guam practice for example <a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah">bar and bat mitzvahs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuamNews2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">History of the Jews in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">History of the Jews in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KuamNews2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuamNews2009_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHauswirth2009" class="citation news cs1">Hauswirth, Heather (5 August 2009). "Visiting rabbis from New York help Guam Jews keep the faith". <i>Kuam News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kuam+News&rft.atitle=Visiting+rabbis+from+New+York+help+Guam+Jews+keep+the+faith&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.aulast=Hauswirth&rft.aufirst=Heather&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levinger2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levinger2007_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevinger2007" class="citation book cs1">Levinger, Lee (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yf0p2lyPJMgC&pg=PA342"><i>A History of the Jews in the United States</i></a>. Wildside Press LLC. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-8698-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4344-8698-1"><bdi>978-1-4344-8698-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jews+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Wildside+Press+LLC&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4344-8698-1&rft.aulast=Levinger&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYf0p2lyPJMgC%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers1995-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers1995_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogers1995" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Robert F. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AEn9J3tXFS8C&pg=PA116"><i>Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1678-0"><bdi>978-0-8248-1678-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destiny%27s+Landfall%3A+A+History+of+Guam&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1678-0&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAEn9J3tXFS8C%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History1975-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History1975_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1OMTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA20"><i>Women in the Military: A Jewish Perspective</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_Jewish_Military_History" title="National Museum of American Jewish Military History">National Museum of American Jewish Military History</a>. 1975. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+Military%3A+A+Jewish+Perspective&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+American+Jewish+Military+History&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1OMTBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHermanHirsch1997" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Barry E.; Hirsch, Werner S. (1997). <i>Jews in New Haven</i>. Vol. 7. Jewish Historical Society of New Haven. pp. <span class="nowrap">220–</span>222.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+in+New+Haven&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.pub=Jewish+Historical+Society+of+New+Haven&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Barry+E.&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Werner+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenfieldHochstein2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GreenfieldHochstein2010_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenfieldHochsteinGilbert2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Greenfield" title="Murray Greenfield">Greenfield, Murray S.</a>; Hochstein, Joseph M.; Gilbert, Martin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=psggYctbdlQC&pg=PA41"><i>The Jews' Secret Fleet: The Untold Story of North American Volunteers Who Smashed the British Blockade</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Gefen_Publishing_House" title="Gefen Publishing House">Gefen Publishing House</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-229-517-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-229-517-0"><bdi>978-965-229-517-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews%27+Secret+Fleet%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+North+American+Volunteers+Who+Smashed+the+British+Blockade&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-965-229-517-0&rft.aulast=Greenfield&rft.aufirst=Murray+S.&rft.au=Hochstein%2C+Joseph+M.&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpsggYctbdlQC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/1945/09/10/archive/1500-u-s-jewish-airmen-hold-rosh-hashonah-services-in-guam-print-special-prayer-book">"1,500 U.S. Jewish Airmen Hold Rosh Hashonah Services in Guam; Print Special Prayer Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. 10 September 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1%2C500+U.S.+Jewish+Airmen+Hold+Rosh+Hashonah+Services+in+Guam%3B+Print+Special+Prayer+Book&rft.date=1945-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1945%2F09%2F10%2Farchive%2F1500-u-s-jewish-airmen-hold-rosh-hashonah-services-in-guam-print-special-prayer-book&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><i>Glimpses of Guam</i>. Vol. <span class="nowrap">11–</span>13. Garrison & McCarter, Incorporated. 1971. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+Guam&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Garrison+%26+McCarter%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2011" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Lannie (19 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuam.com/story/14674209/2011/05/19/national-prayer-day-observed">"National Prayer Day observed"</a>. <i>Kuam News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kuam+News&rft.atitle=National+Prayer+Day+observed&rft.date=2011-05-19&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Lannie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuam.com%2Fstory%2F14674209%2F2011%2F05%2F19%2Fnational-prayer-day-observed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Guam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania125" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania125" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">History of the Jews in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_French_Polynesia" title="History of the Jews in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Caledonia" title="History of the Jews in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_United_States732" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_Jewish_Life_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Organized Jewish Life in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organized_Jewish_Life_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Organized Jewish Life in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organized_Jewish_Life_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organized Jewish Life in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_United_States732" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews and Judaism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major communal organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_B%27rith" title="B'nai B'rith">B'nai B'rith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_Center" title="Jewish Community Center">Jewish Community Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Federations_of_North_America" title="Jewish Federations of North America">Jewish Federations of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Federation" title="Jewish Federation">Local Jewish Federations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major advocacy organizations<br />(not exclusively Israel-focused)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Congress" title="American Jewish Congress">American Jewish Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Presidents_of_Major_American_Jewish_Organizations" title="Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations">Conference of Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_D._Brandeis_Center_for_Human_Rights_Under_Law" title="Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law">Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law (LDB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Action_Center_of_Reform_Judaism" title="Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism">Religious Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Community_Relations_Council" title="Jewish Community Relations Council">Jewish Community Relations Councils (JCRCs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jewish Council for Public Affairs">Jewish Council for Public Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Jewish_environmental_organizations" title="Template:American Jewish environmental organizations">Jewish environmental groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Future_Pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Future Pledge">Jewish Future Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Institute_for_National_Security_of_America" title="Jewish Institute for National Security of America">Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Archive" title="Jewish Women's Archive">Jewish Women's Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Democratic_Council" title="National Jewish Democratic Council">National Jewish Democratic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Jewish_Coalition" title="Republican Jewish Coalition">Republican Jewish Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Envoy_to_Monitor_and_Combat_Antisemitism" title="Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism">Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Jewish_Liaison" title="White House Jewish Liaison">White House Jewish Liaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Democratic_Council_of_America" title="Jewish Democratic Council of America">Jewish Democratic Council of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major humanitarian<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_World_Service" title="American Jewish World Service">American Jewish World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Joint_Distribution_Committee" title="American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee">Joint Distribution Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIAS" title="HIAS"> Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Israel_Appeal" title="United Israel Appeal">United Israel Appeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Israel-focused<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ameinu" title="Ameinu">Ameinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Peace_Now" title="Americans for Peace Now">Americans for Peace Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Birthright Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli-American_Council" title="Israeli-American Council">Israeli-American Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_Street" title="J Street">J Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IfNotNow" title="IfNotNow">IfNotNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masa_Israel_Journey" title="Masa Israel Journey">Masa Israel Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefesh_B%27Nefesh" title="Nefesh B'Nefesh">Nefesh B'Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Israel_Fund" title="New Israel Fund">New Israel Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzofim_Friendship_Caravan" title="Tzofim Friendship Caravan">Tzofim Friendship Caravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major domestic and neighborhood<br /> assistance organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaverim" title="Chaverim">Chaverim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzalah" title="Hatzalah">Hatzalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Community_Network" title="Secure Community Network">Secure Community Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomrim_(neighborhood_watch_group)" title="Shomrim (neighborhood watch group)">Shomrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Shabbos" title="Tomchei Shabbos">Tomchei Shabbos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.2em 1.0em;">Major religious movement<br />organizations<br /><small>(and associated rabbinical membership<br /> and policy body; seminary)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudath_Israel_of_America" title="Agudath Israel of America">Agudath Israel of America</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moetzes_Gedolei_HaTorah#United_States" title="Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah">Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah</a>; etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agudas_Chasidei_Chabad" title="Agudas Chasidei Chabad">Agudas Chasidei Chabad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vaad_Rabonei_Lubavitch" title="Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch">Vaad Rabonei Lubavitch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim#In_North_America" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim-U.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_College_of_America" title="Rabbinical College of America">RCA</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Reconstructionist_Federation" title="Jewish Reconstructionist Federation">Jewish Reconstructionist Federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_Association" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association">Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Rabbinical_College" title="Reconstructionist Rabbinical College">RRC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Young_Israel" title="National Council of Young Israel">Young Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_America" title="Rabbinical Council of America">Rabbinical Council of America</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rabbi_Isaac_Elchanan_Theological_Seminary" title="Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary">RIETS-YU</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Humanistic_Judaism" title="Society for Humanistic Judaism">Society for Humanistic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_of_Conservative_Judaism" title="United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism">United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Assembly" title="Rabbinical Assembly">Rabbinical Assembly</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_America" title="Jewish Theological Seminary of America">JTSA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziegler_School_of_Rabbinic_Studies" title="Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies">AJU-Ziegler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Reform_Judaism" title="Union for Reform Judaism">Union for Reform Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Conference_of_American_Rabbis" title="Central Conference of American Rabbis">Central Conference of American Rabbis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Union_College_%E2%80%93_Jewish_Institute_of_Religion" title="Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion">HUC</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List of synagogues<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(by movements)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="List of synagogues in the United States">by US states</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Former synagogues in the United States">Former</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservative synagogues in the United States">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Humanistic_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Humanistic synagogues in the United States">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Orthodox synagogues in the United States">Orthodox and Modern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reconstructionist_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Reconstructionist synagogues in the United States">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reform_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Reform synagogues in the United States">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unaffiliated_synagogues_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Unaffiliated synagogues in the United States">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_summer_camp" title="Jewish summer camp">Jewish summer camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBYO" title="BBYO">B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aleph_Zadik_Aleph" title="Aleph Zadik Aleph">AZA</a> / <a href="/wiki/BBYO" title="BBYO">BBG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCSY" title="NCSY">NCSY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFTY" title="NFTY">North American Federation of Temple Youth (NFTY)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzivos_Hashem" title="Tzivos Hashem">Tzivos Hashem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue_Youth" title="United Synagogue Youth">United Synagogue Youth (USY)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kadima_(youth_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadima (youth group)">Kadima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Judaea" title="Young Judaea">Young Judaea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">College Jewish studies programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_school" title="Hebrew school">Hebrew school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_day_school" title="Jewish day school">Jewish day school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_schools_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Jewish schools in the United States">See template for schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schechter_Day_School_Network" title="Schechter Day School Network">Schechter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umesorah_%E2%80%93_National_Society_for_Hebrew_Day_Schools" title="Torah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools">Torah Umesorah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mesivta" title="Mesivta">Mesivta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major university groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chabad_on_Campus_International_Foundation" title="Chabad on Campus International Foundation">Chabad on Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_International" title="Hillel International">Hillel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masorti_on_Campus" title="Masorti on Campus">Masorti on Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_student_groups_at_secular_universities" title="Orthodox Jewish student groups at secular universities">Orthodox student groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Union_of_Jewish_Students" title="World Union of Jewish Students">World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_fraternities_and_sororities" title="List of Jewish fraternities and sororities">Fraternities<br />and sororities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Alpha Epsilon Pi">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Epsilon_Phi" title="Alpha Epsilon Phi">Alpha Epsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Epsilon_Pi" title="Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi">Sigma Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Alpha_Mu" title="Sigma Alpha Mu">Sigma Alpha Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Delta_Tau" title="Sigma Delta Tau">Sigma Delta Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Delta_Phi" title="Tau Delta Phi">Tau Delta Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Epsilon_Phi" title="Tau Epsilon Phi">Tau Epsilon Phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Beta_Tau" title="Zeta Beta Tau">Zeta Beta Tau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News wires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_Syndicate" title="Jewish News Syndicate">Jewish News Syndicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News outlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Algemeiner_Journal" title="Algemeiner Journal">Algemeiner Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Jewish_Times" title="Baltimore Jewish Times">Baltimore Jewish Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Jewish_News" title="Charlotte Jewish News">Charlotte Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Jewish_News" title="Cleveland Jewish News">Cleveland Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Blatt" title="Der Blatt">Der Blatt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Yid" title="Der Yid">Der Yid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Di_Tzeitung" title="Di Tzeitung">Di Tzeitung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamodia" title="Hamodia">Hamodia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Advocate" title="The Jewish Advocate"><i>The Jewish Advocate</i> (Bost.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Exponent" title="The Jewish Exponent"><i>The Jewish Exponent</i> (Phila.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles"><i>The Jewish Journal</i> (L.A.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Ledger" title="Jewish Ledger"><i>The Jewish Ledger</i> (Conn.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_News_of_Greater_Phoenix" title="Jewish News of Greater Phoenix">Jewish News of Greater Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Press" title="The Jewish Press">The Jewish Press</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Standard" title="Jewish Standard"><i>Jewish Standard</i> (N.J.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Star_(New_York)" title="The Jewish Star (New York)"><i>The Jewish Star</i> (N.Y.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Voice">Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._The_Jewish_News_of_Northern_California" title="J. The Jewish News of Northern California"><i>JWeekly</i> (S.F.)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jewish_Week" title="New York Jewish Week">New York Jewish Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Jewish_News" title="New Jersey Jewish News">New Jersey Jewish News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Jewish_Chronicle" title="Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle">Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Jewish_Light" title="St. Louis Jewish Light">St. Louis Jewish Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Jewish_Week" title="Washington Jewish Week">Washington Jewish Week</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yated_Ne%27eman_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yated Ne'eman (United States)">Yated Ne'eman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VIN_News" title="VIN News">VIN News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_World_News" title="Yeshiva World News">Yeshiva World News</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_magazines_published_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Jewish magazines published in the United States">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ami_Magazine" title="Ami Magazine">Ami</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Binah_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binah (magazine)">Binah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emunah" title="Emunah">Emunah Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Currents" title="Jewish Currents">Jewish Currents</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Sports_Review" title="Jewish Sports Review">Jewish Sports Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kindline" title="Kindline">Kindline</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(magazine)" title="Lilith (magazine)">Lilith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishpacha" title="Mishpacha">Mishpacha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Jewish_Journal" title="San Diego Jewish Journal">San Diego Jewish Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Jewish_World" title="San Diego Jewish World">San Diego Jewish World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SAPIR:_A_Journal_of_Jewish_Conversations" title="SAPIR: A Journal of Jewish Conversations">SAPIR</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_(magazine)" title="Tikkun (magazine)">Tikkun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Are_in_America" title="We Are in America">We Are in America</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Broadcasting_Service" title="Jewish Broadcasting Service">Jewish Broadcasting Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Life_Television" title="Jewish Life Television">Jewish Life Television (JLTV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Television" title="National Jewish Television">National Jewish Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Channel" title="The Jewish Channel">The Jewish Channel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AskMoses.com" title="AskMoses.com">AskMoses.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabad.org" title="Chabad.org">Chabad.org</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heeb" title="Heeb">Heeb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewcy" title="Jewcy">Jewcy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher.com" title="Kosher.com">Kosher.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(magazine)" title="Mosaic (magazine)">Mosaic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva.co" title="Yeshiva.co">Yeshiva.co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JDate" title="JDate">JDate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSwipe" title="JSwipe">JSwipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox_Club" title="Lox Club">Lox Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_Ball" title="Matzo Ball">Matzo Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SawYouAtSinai" title="SawYouAtSinai">SawYouAtSinai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major communal activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siyum_HaShas" title="Siyum HaShas">Siyum HaShas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Sunday_(phone-a-thon)" title="Super Sunday (phone-a-thon)">Super Sunday phone-a-thon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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