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Being one of the few safe havens on the north coast of Cornwall, the Camel Estuary has been used since Roman times and most likely earlier, and by the 18th century the port of [[Padstow]] was the second largest importer of coal in Cornwall after [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]].<ref name="time team"/><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-treasury-books/vol23/cccxl-cccxliv |title= Declared Accounts: Customs, Coal |author= |date= 2019 |website= British History Online |publisher= University of London |access-date= 21 May 2022}}</ref> The river has previously been navigable beyond Wadebridge with the highest quays being at Guineaport and Egloshayle,<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO40383&resourceID=1020 | title =GUINEAPORT – Post Medieval quay | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = A quay on the south bank of the River Camel, adjacent to the old line of the London and South Western Railway (now the Camel Trail). The quay survives substantially intact, although partly obscured by modern infill to the east. It is constructed of slate stone masonry in alternate vertical and horizontal bedding, with granite capstones (JRS, 2002)}}</ref><ref name=marsh>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO26523&resourceID=1020 | title =MARSH COTTAGES – Post Medieval quay | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = A sand wharf on the Camel at Egloshayle}}</ref> and ships were recorded beyond that at least as far as Pendavy a mile further upstream while Polbrock was given as the limit of navigation in 1814.{{sfn|Fairclough|Wills|1979|p=21}}<ref name=magna>Daniel Lysons and Samuel Lysons, 'Geography and geology', in Magna Britannia: Volume 3, Cornwall (London, 1814), pp. clxxxi-cxciii. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol3/clxxxi-cxciii [accessed 23 January 2021].</ref> The river as far as Wadebridge was considered navigable for vessels up to 150 tons in 1830 and Wadebridge was used as the location for loading granite, [[iron ore]] and [[china Clay]] onto ships for onward transport.<ref>{{cite book | title =Pigot's Directory | date =1830 | pages =135}}</ref>{{sfn|Reid|1996|p=4}}{{sfn|Ingrey|1984|p=31}} Advice from the [[Maritime and Coastguard Agency]] published in 2003 indicates that the River is now only navigable for merchant vessels as far as Brea Hill.<ref>{{cite book | title = MERCHANT SHIPPING NOTICE MSN 1776 (M) | url = http://docshare.tips/msn1776-inland-vessel-uk_575031cdb6d87fb61d8b476c.html | access-date = 7 June 2020 | date = 2003 | publisher = Maritime and Coastguard Agency | location = Southampton| page = 18}}</ref> During the period of [[canal]] building in Britain the River Camel was investigated as one end of a canal looking to join the north and south coasts of Cornwall by linking to the [[River Fowey]]. The first plan, often referred to as the "Polbrock Canal" was put forward in 1794 and engineer [[John Rennie the Elder|John Rennie]] was engaged to advise on the idea. The canal was intended to be {{convert|5|foot|m}} deep and {{convert|32|foot|-1}} wide, but Rennie advised that a tunnel would be required on the route and that little through traffic could be anticipated so no further effort was expended.<ref name=iwa>{{cite web |url= https://www.waterways.org.uk/blog/waterways_that_were_never_built |title= Waterways that were Never Built section "Polbrock Canal" |date= 2013 |publisher= Inland Waterways Association |access-date=7 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canalrivertrustwaterfront.org.uk/heritage/feature-pos3-imagined-canals/|title=Imagined canals|date=5 July 2018}}</ref> Soon after in 1796 an act of Parliament was passed authorising a canal from Guineaport to Dunmere with a branch to Ruthernbridge but in the event no start was made and the scheme lapsed.{{sfn|Ingrey|1989|p=14}} In the 1820s [[Marc Isambard Brunel|Marc Brunel]], the father of [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]] considered the possibility of a [[ship canal]] looking to make a connection similar to that proposed in 1794 between the rivers Camel and Fowey but again little return on the investment was predicted and nothing was built.<ref name=iwa /> With boats as one of the main methods of transporting goods until the advent of the railways there were several quays along the river, often at the limit of navigation of the many tributaries and creeks on the estuary. There were quays at [[Little Petherick]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/media/3638338/Little_Petherick_CA_Statement.pdf |title=Little Petherick Conservation Area Character Statement |date=1997 |website=www.cornwall.gov.uk |publisher=North Cornwall District Council |page =3 |access-date=5 May 2019 |quote= Some of the wharves and quays where goods such as lime and grain were loaded are still clearly visible on the west side of the creek}}</ref> and Trevorrick Mills{{sfn|Ingrey|1984|pp=12-14}} on [[Little Petherick Creek]] and before construction of the railway between Wadebridge and Padstow there was a quay at Pinxton Creek.<ref name="ncr95">{{cite book | last =Wroe | first =David | title =An Illustrated History of the North Cornwall Railway | publisher =Irwell Press | date =1994 | location =Caernarfon | page =94 | isbn =1-871608-63-5}}</ref> Also on the south bank of the estuary two quays served the nearby Camel Quarry and Penquean Quarry, the quays being used to export the slate quarried there and, as the slate was raised from up to {{convert|60|ft|-1}} depth, to bring in coal for the two engines used for pumping and sawing, although both quarries had ceased operation before the railway line separated them from the river.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1856_Mines_in_Devon_and_Cornwall#C |title= Camel Slab and Slate Quarry |date= 8 February 2020 |work= Grace's Guide to British Industrial History |publisher= Grace's Guide Ltd |access-date=18 October 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://maps.nls.uk/view/105992887 |title= Cornwall XXV.1 (St Breock; St Issey; St Minver Highlands; St Minver Lowlands) |date= 1907 |publisher= Ordnance Survey |access-date= 3 January 2021}}</ref> Joining the main river upstream of Camel Quarry, the River Amble was navigable up to [[Chapel Amble]] on high spring tides, with [[seaweed]], sand and coal being taken up to the village and grain brought out again.{{sfn|Duxbury| Williams|1987|p=43}} Construction of the bridge at Trewornan did not prevent access to Chapel Amble, but the tidal barrage which prevents salt water going upstream past Burniere Point has left the River Amble inaccessible from the main river. Nearer to Wadebridge there was a quay at Trevilling on the north bank of the river built in the 19th century for a [[Vitriol]] works<ref>{{cite book | last =Hoyle | first =Ronnie | title =Old Wadebridge | publisher =Westward Press | volume =1 | date =1983 | location =Wadebridge | page =6 }}</ref> and thus known as the 'Vitriol Quay', the location downstream from the town near the current A39 Wadebridge Bypass bridge being appropriate for the product. Despite the many opportunities for transport along the estuary, historically the main traffic on the river above Padstow was to the Quays at Wadebridge where there is evidence of a dock dating back as far as Elizabethan times, and in 1830 the limit of navigation was recorded as Guineaport.{{sfn|Rodgers|1948|p=91}} Construction of the [[Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway]] in 1834 was based on taking sand brought up to Wadebridge by 12 ton barges{{sfn|Ingrey|1984|p=7}} that were poled under the bridge at Wadebridge with the sand then being transhipped to the railway for onward transport. From a specially built sand dock at Wadebridge the railway took the sand further up the valley, replacing the previous use of pack animals that took the sand from landings at Sladesbridge{{sfn|Duxbury| Williams|1987|p=33}} and a quay at Marsh cottages near Egloshayle church.<ref name=marsh /> In common with much of Cornwall [[Lime (material)|lime]] was a common commodity for transportation in the 18th and 19th centuries<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.oakridgecornwall.co.uk/2015/02/17/history-lime-pointing-cornwall/ | title =History Of Lime Pointing In Cornwall | date =2019 | publisher = Oak Ridge | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = most of Cornwall's tiny ports had a lime kiln in the vicinity}}</ref> and the Camel was no exception with lime kilns being recorded at Egloshayle<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO7221&resourceID=1020 | title =Lime kiln known as 'Trevillian' recorded on Tithe Award. | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = The Tithe Award for Egloshayle records a lime kiln at the location, owned by Susannah Hawken and worked by Richard Hawken (b1). No remains are now extant (b2)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO7220&resourceID=1020 | title =Lime kiln known as 'Hellgelders', marked on the Tithe Map | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = The Tithe Award for Egloshayle records a lime kiln at the location, owned by Nevell Norway (b1). No remains survive (b2)}}</ref> with a quay adjacent,<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO4942&resourceID=1020 | title =WADEBRIDGE – Post Medieval quay | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = Sand quays on the Egloshayle side of Wadebridge are recorded on the Tithe map of 1840. The quay has now been overbuilt by modern housing (h1).}}</ref> another at Bishop's Quay below Gonvena Hill,<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO45135&resourceID=1020 | title =A lime kiln situated on Bishop's Quay | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = Situated on Bishop's Quay, this kiln existed at least as early as 1834, as it appeared then in a 'for sale' notice. Run in its latter days by Messrs Martyn (b1). Marked on the 2nd Edition 1:2500 OS map (b2)}}</ref> and one on the town side of the river adjacent to the Pomorla brook<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO7333&resourceID=1020 | title =WADEBRIDGE – Post Medieval lime kiln | date =2012 | website =www.heritagegateway.org.uk | publisher =Heritage Gateway | access-date =9 June 2019 | quote = A limekiln at Wadebridge is shown at this location on the Tithe Map of 1840, when its owner was Sir William Molesworth and its occupier was Thomas Trebilcock (b1). It is shown on both the 1st and 2nd Edition 1:2500 OS maps (b2, b3), but is believed to have been derelict well before 1910 (b4).}}</ref> The furthest downstream was a lime kiln at the small inlet where the current sewage works is located.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://maps.nls.uk/view/105992890 |title= Cornwall XXV.2 (Egloshayle; St Breock; St Kew; St Minver Highlands; Wadebridge)) |date= 1881 |publisher= Ordnance Survey |access-date= 3 January 2021}}</ref> On the estuary itself there was no need to transport sand by barge, and 'sanding lanes' were laid from local villages directly onto the foreshore so that carts could be taken down at low tide and loaded with sand. On the southern side of the estuary 'sanding lanes' linked Higher Halwyn to Oldtown Cove, Tregunna to the River at White House, Tregonce to Little Petherick Creek and also [[St Issey]] to Benuick near Sea Mills, also on Little Petherick Creek.{{sfn|Ingrey|1984|p=15}} On the northern side of the estuary the access lane to [[Daymer Bay]] has its origins as a sanding lane.<ref>{{cite book | last =Ingrey | first =Jack | title =St Minver, It's Bays and Byways | publisher =Tabb House | date =1994 | location =Padstow | pages =47–48 | isbn =1-873951-07-8}}</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/River_Camel" title="River Camel">River Camel</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Camel">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Camel</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Camel&action=edit&section=16&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qnvsb","wgBackendResponseTime":205,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.054","walltime":"0.069","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 49.040 1 -total"," 99.85% 48.968 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 43.73% 21.443 2 Template:Replace"," 38.11% 18.691 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 34.52% 16.928 1 Template:Hidden"," 14.35% 7.037 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 14.18% 6.953 1 Template:Tlx"," 2.22% 1.089 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 1.92% 0.939 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 1.62% 0.792 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043289,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qnvsb","timestamp":"20241124143817","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>