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> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Web+hosting+service" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Web+hosting+service" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Static_page_hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Static_page_hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Static page hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Static_page_hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peer-to-peer_hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peer-to-peer_hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Peer-to-peer hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peer-to-peer_hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Larger_hosting_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Larger_hosting_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Larger hosting services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Larger_hosting_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_hosting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_hosting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types of hosting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_hosting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Host_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Host_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Host management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Host_management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Host management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Host_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reliability_and_uptime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reliability_and_uptime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reliability and uptime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reliability_and_uptime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Web hosting service</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="استضافة الويب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استضافة الويب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agospiamientu_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Agospiamientu (informática) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agospiamientu (informática)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veb-hostinq" title="Veb-hostinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Veb-hostinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хостынг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хостынг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хостынг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хостынг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वेब होस्टिंग सर्विस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वेब होस्टिंग सर्विस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Уеб хостинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уеб хостинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotjament_web" title="Allotjament web – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Allotjament web" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhosting" title="Webhosting – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Webhosting" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhosting" title="Webhosting – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Webhosting" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhosting" title="Webhosting – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Webhosting" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Φιλοξενία ιστοσελίδων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοξενία ιστοσελίδων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alojamiento_web" title="Alojamiento web – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alojamiento web" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting" title="Hosting – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hosting" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8" title="میزبانی وب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میزبانی وب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9bergeur_web" title="Hébergeur web – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hébergeur web" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloxamento_web" title="Aloxamento web – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aloxamento web" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%ED%98%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%85_%EC%84%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4" title="웹 호스팅 서비스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웹 호스팅 서비스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%A2_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վեբ հոսթինգի ծառայություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեբ հոսթինգի ծառայություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="वेब होस्टिंग सेवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेब होस्टिंग सेवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layanan_hos_web" title="Layanan hos web – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Layanan hos web" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting" title="Hosting – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hosting" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98" title="אחסון אתרי אינטרנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אחסון אתרי אינטרנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ჰოსტინგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოსტინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting" title="Hosting – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hosting" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хостинг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хостинг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABmek%C4%BCa_mitin%C4%81%C5%A1ana" title="Tīmekļa mitināšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tīmekļa mitināšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priegloba" title="Priegloba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Priegloba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webt%C3%A1rhely" title="Webtárhely – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Webtárhely" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="വെബ് ഹോസ്റ്റിങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെബ് ഹോസ്റ്റിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkhidmatan_pengehosan_web" title="Perkhidmatan pengehosan web – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perkhidmatan pengehosan web" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Вэб хостинг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вэб хостинг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhosting" title="Webhosting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Webhosting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="वेब होस्टिंग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वेब होस्टिंग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhotell" title="Webhotell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Webhotell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Хостлымаш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Хостлымаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting" title="Hosting – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hosting" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A8_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ویب ہوسٹنگ سروس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویب ہوسٹنگ سروس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting" title="Hosting – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hosting" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospedagem_de_sites" title="Hospedagem de sites – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hospedagem de sites" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83zduire_web" title="Găzduire web – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Găzduire web" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хостинг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хостинг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Web hosting service" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ويب هوسٽنگ سروس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ويب هوسٽنگ سروس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhosting" title="Webhosting – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Webhosting" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spletno_gostovanje" title="Spletno gostovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spletno gostovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usluga_veb-hostinga" title="Usluga veb-hostinga – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Usluga veb-hostinga" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosting_W%C3%A9b" title="Hosting Wéb – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hosting Wéb" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhotelli" title="Webhotelli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Webhotelli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webbhotell" title="Webbhotell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Webbhotell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_hosting" title="Web hosting – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Web hosting" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="இணையப் புரவல் சேவை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணையப் புரவல் சேவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="เว็บโฮสติง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เว็บโฮสติง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C4%B1nd%C4%B1rma_hizmeti" title="Barındırma hizmeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Barındırma hizmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Хостинг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хостинг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A8_%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ویب ہوسٹنگ خدمات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویب ہوسٹنگ خدمات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8Bch_v%E1%BB%A5_l%C6%B0u_tr%E1%BB%AF_web" title="Dịch vụ lưu trữ web – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dịch vụ lưu trữ web" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B5%E6%89%98%E7%AE%A1%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="网页托管服务 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="网页托管服务" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="網頁寄存服務 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="網頁寄存服務" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E5%AF%84%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="網頁寄存服務 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="網頁寄存服務" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5892272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Service for hosting websites</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg/220px-Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg/330px-Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg/440px-Paris_servers_DSC00190.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>An example of <a href="/wiki/Rack_mounted" class="mw-redirect" title="Rack mounted">rack mounted</a> servers</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_hosting" title="Category:Internet hosting">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">Internet hosting service</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Full-featured hosting</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_server" title="Virtual private server">Virtual private server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service" title="Dedicated hosting service">Dedicated hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">Colocation centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Web hosting</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service" title="Shared web hosting service">Shared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_web_hosting" title="Clustered web hosting">Clustered</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Application-specific web hosting</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blog_comment_hosting_service" title="Blog comment hosting service">comments</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_hosting_service" title="Guild hosting service">Guild hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_hosting_service" title="Image hosting service">Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_hosting_service" title="Wiki hosting service">Wiki farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Application_service_provider" title="Application service provider">Application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_hosting_service" title="Social network hosting service">Social network</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> By content format</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_hosting_service" title="Image hosting service">Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_music_store" title="Digital music store">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_backup_service" title="Remote backup service">Remote backup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_server" title="Game server">Game server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_hosting_service" title="DNS hosting service">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email_hosting_service" title="Email hosting service">Email</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_hosting" title="Template:Internet hosting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_hosting" title="Template talk:Internet hosting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_hosting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet hosting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>web hosting service</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">Internet hosting service</a> that hosts <a href="/wiki/Websites" class="mw-redirect" title="Websites">websites</a> for clients, i.e. it offers the facilities required for them to create and maintain a site and makes it accessible on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. Companies providing web hosting services are sometimes called <i>web hosts</i>. </p><p>Typically, web hosting requires the following: </p> <ul><li>one or more <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> to act as the <a href="/wiki/Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">host(s)</a> for the sites; servers may be physical or <a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation</a> for the server(s), providing physical space, electricity, and <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> connectivity;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> configuration to define name(s) for the sites and point them to the hosting server(s);</li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> running on the host;</li> <li>for each site hosted on the server: <ul><li>space on the server(s) to hold the files making up the site</li> <li>site-specific configuration</li> <li>often, a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>;</li> <li>software and <a href="/wiki/Credential" title="Credential">credentials</a> allowing the client to access these, enabling them to create, configure, and modify the site;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> connectivity allowing the host and site to send email to the client.</li></ul></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Until 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> was restricted to use only "... for research and education in the sciences and engineering<span class="nowrap"> </span>..."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tib1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tib1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was used for <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">telnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a> and <a href="/wiki/USENET" class="mw-redirect" title="USENET">USENET</a> traffic—but only a tiny number of web pages. The World Wide Web protocols had only just been written<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not until the end of 1993 would there be a graphical web browser for Mac or Windows computers.<sup id="cite_ref-Raggett21_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raggett21-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after there was some opening up of Internet access, the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_Network#Commercial_ISPs.2C_ANS_CO.2BRE.2C_and_the_CIX" title="National Science Foundation Network">situation was confused</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="(August 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> until 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-ConneXions-April1996_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConneXions-April1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To host a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>, an individual or company would need their own <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tib1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tib1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As not all companies had the budget or expertise to do this, web hosting services began to offer to host users' <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a> on their own servers, without the client needing to own the necessary infrastructure required to operate the website. The owners of the websites, also called <a href="/wiki/Webmaster" title="Webmaster">webmasters</a>, would be able to create a website that would be hosted on the web hosting service's server and published to the web by the web hosting service. </p><p>As the number of users on the World Wide Web grew, the pressure for companies, both large and small, to have an online presence grew. By 1995, companies such as <a href="/wiki/GeoCities" title="GeoCities">GeoCities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelfire" title="Angelfire">Angelfire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripod.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripod.com">Tripod</a> were offering free hosting.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Static_page_hosting">Static page hosting</h3></div> <p>The most basic is <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> and small-scale file hosting, where files can be <a href="/wiki/Upload" title="Upload">uploaded</a> via <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP) or a web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with minimal processing. Many <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a> (ISPs) offer this service free to subscribers. Individuals and organizations may also obtain web page hosting from alternative service providers. </p><p>Free web hosting service is offered by different companies with limited services, sometimes supported by advertisements,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Is this still a thing? (October 2022)">needs update?</span></a></i>]</sup> and often limited when compared to paid hosting. </p><p>Single page hosting is generally sufficient for <a href="/wiki/Personal_web_page" title="Personal web page">personal web pages</a>. Personal website hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business website hosting often has a higher expense depending upon the size and type of the site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peer-to-peer_hosting">Peer-to-peer hosting</h3></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer web hosting</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peer-to-peer_web_hosting&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer web hosting</a> is using <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> networking to distribute access to <a href="/wiki/Webpages" class="mw-redirect" title="Webpages">webpages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is differentiated from the <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model" title="Client–server model">client–server model</a> which involves the distribution of web data between dedicated <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web servers</a> and user-end client computers. Peer-to-peer web hosting may also take the form of P2P <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">web caches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">content delivery networks</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Larger_hosting_services">Larger hosting services</h3></div> <p>Many large companies that are not Internet service providers need to be permanently connected to the web to send email, files, etc. to other sites. The company may use the computer as a website host to provide details of their goods and services and facilities for online orders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup"><span title="This sentence is incomprehensible. Please help to fix this. (October 2022)">incomprehensible</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_center_management#Tech_Support" title="Data center management">support</a> and application development platforms (e.g. <a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a>, <a href="/wiki/ColdFusion" class="mw-redirect" title="ColdFusion">ColdFusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_Platform,_Enterprise_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Platform, Enterprise Edition">Java EE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plack_(software)" title="Plack (software)">Perl/Plack</a>, <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a>). These facilities allow customers to write or install scripts for applications like <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Content_management" title="Content management">content management</a>. Web hosting packages often include a <a href="/wiki/Web_content_management_system" title="Web content management system">web content management system</a>, so the end-user does not have to worry about the more technical aspects. <a href="/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Sockets Layer">Secure Sockets Layer</a> (SSL) is used for websites that wish to encrypt the transmitted data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_hosting">Types of hosting</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KN-Servers2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KN-Servers2.JPG/220px-KN-Servers2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KN-Servers2.JPG/330px-KN-Servers2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/KN-Servers2.JPG/440px-KN-Servers2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>A typical server "rack" commonly seen in <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation centres</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Internet hosting services can run <a href="/wiki/Web_servers" class="mw-redirect" title="Web servers">web servers</a>. The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service" title="Shared web hosting service">Shared web hosting service</a></b> – One's website is placed on the same server as many other sites, ranging from a few sites to hundreds of websites. Typically, all domains may share a common pool of server resources, such as <a href="/wiki/RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> and the <a href="/wiki/CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a>. The features available with this type of service can be quite basic and not flexible in terms of software and updates. <a href="/wiki/Reseller" title="Reseller">Resellers</a> often sell shared web hosting and web companies often have reseller accounts to provide hosting for clients.</li> <li><b>Reseller web hosting</b> – Allows clients to become web hosts themselves. Resellers could function, for individual domains, under any combination of these listed types of hosting, depending on who they are affiliated with as a reseller. Resellers' accounts may vary tremendously in size: they may have their own virtual dedicated server to a colocated server. Many resellers provide a nearly identical service to their provider's shared hosting plan and provide the technical support themselves.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_server#Hosting" title="Virtual private server">Virtual Dedicated Server</a></b> – Also known as a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Private_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Server">Virtual Private Server</a> (VPS), divides server resources into virtual servers, where resources can be allocated in a way that does not directly reflect the underlying hardware. VPS will often be allocated resources based on a one server to many VPSs relationship, however virtualisation may be done for a number of reasons, including the ability to move a VPS container between servers. The users may have <a href="/wiki/Root_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Root access">root access</a> to their own virtual space. Customers are sometimes responsible for patching and maintaining the server (unmanaged server) or the VPS provider may provide server admin tasks for the customer (managed server).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service" title="Dedicated hosting service">Dedicated hosting service</a></b> – The user gets their own web server and gains full control over it (user has <a href="/wiki/Superuser" title="Superuser">root access</a> for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, the user typically does not own the server. One type of dedicated hosting is self-managed or unmanaged. This is usually the least expensive for dedicated plans. The user has full administrative access to the server, which means the client is responsible for the security and maintenance of their own dedicated server.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Managed_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Managed hosting service">Managed hosting service</a></b> – The user gets their own web server but is not allowed full control over it (user is denied root access for Linux/administrator access for Windows); however, they are allowed to manage their data via FTP or other remote management tools. The user is disallowed full control so that the provider can guarantee quality of service by not allowing the user to modify the server or potentially create configuration problems. The user typically does not own the server. The server is leased to the client.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Colocation_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Colocation center">Colocation web hosting service</a></b> – Similar to the dedicated web hosting service, but the user owns the colo server; the hosting company provides physical space that the server takes up and takes care of the server. This is the most powerful and expensive type of web hosting service. In most cases, the colocation provider may provide little to no support directly for their client's machine, providing only the electrical, Internet access, and storage facilities for the server. In most cases for colo, the client would have their own administrator visit the data center on site to do any hardware upgrades or changes. Formerly, many colocation providers would accept any system configuration for hosting, even ones housed in desktop-style <a href="/wiki/Minitower" class="mw-redirect" title="Minitower">minitower</a> cases, but most hosts now require <a href="/wiki/Rack_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Rack mount">rack mount</a> enclosures and standard system configurations.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud hosting</a></b> – Hosting based on clustered load-balanced servers. A cloud hosted website may be more reliable than alternatives since other computers in the cloud can compensate when a single piece of hardware goes down. Also, local power disruptions or even natural disasters are less problematic for cloud hosted sites, as cloud hosting is decentralized. Cloud hosting also allows providers to charge users only for resources consumed by the user, rather than a flat fee for the amount the user expects they will use, or a fixed cost upfront hardware investment. Alternatively, the lack of centralization may give users less control on where their data is located which could be a problem for users with <a href="/wiki/Data_security" title="Data security">data security</a> or <a href="/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="Privacy policy">privacy</a> concerns as per <a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">GDPR</a> guidelines. Cloud hosting users can request additional resources on-demand such as only during periods of peak traffic, while offloading IT management to the cloud hosting service.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Clustered_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Clustered hosting">Clustered hosting</a></b> – Having multiple servers hosting the same content for better resource utilization. Clustered servers are a perfect solution for high-availability dedicated hosting, or creating a scalable web hosting solution. A cluster may separate web serving from database hosting capability. (Usually web hosts use clustered hosting for their shared hosting plans, as there are multiple benefits to the mass managing of clients).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Grid hosting</b> – This form of distributed hosting is when a server cluster acts like a grid and is composed of multiple nodes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></b> – A private server can be used to host one or more websites from a usually consumer-grade <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> connection. These can be purpose-built machines or more commonly old PCs. Some ISPs block home servers by disallowing incoming requests to <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> port 80 of the user's connection and by refusing to provide <a href="/wiki/Static_IP_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Static IP address">static IP addresses</a>. A common way to attain a reliable DNS host name is by creating an account with a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_DNS" title="Dynamic DNS">dynamic DNS</a> service. A dynamic <a href="/wiki/DNS" class="mw-redirect" title="DNS">DNS</a> service will automatically change the IP address that a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> points to when the IP address changes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Some specific types of hosting provided by web host service providers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting service</a>: hosts files, not web pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_hosting_service" title="Image hosting service">Image hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Video hosting service">Video hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Blog hosting service">Blog hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paste_bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Paste bin">Paste bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart_software" title="Shopping cart software">Shopping cart software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-mail_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail hosting service">E-mail hosting service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Host_management">Host management</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Floridaserversfront1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five nineteen-inch racks of servers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Floridaserversfront1.jpg/220px-Floridaserversfront1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Floridaserversfront1.jpg/330px-Floridaserversfront1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Floridaserversfront1.jpg/440px-Floridaserversfront1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2467" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Racks of servers</figcaption></figure> <p>The host may also provide an interface or <a href="/wiki/Control_panel_(Web_hosting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Control panel (Web hosting)">control panel</a> for managing the <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a> and installing scripts, as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. A web server that does not use a <a href="/wiki/Control_panel_(Web_hosting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Control panel (Web hosting)">control panel</a> for managing the hosting account, is often referred to as a "headless" server. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce, blogs, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reliability_and_uptime">Reliability and uptime</h3></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/High_availability" title="High availability">availability</a> of a website is measured by the percentage of a year in which the website is publicly accessible and reachable via the Internet. This is different from measuring the <a href="/wiki/Uptime" title="Uptime">uptime</a> of a system. Uptime refers to the system itself being online. Uptime does not take into account being able to reach it as in the event of a network outage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A hosting provider's <a href="/wiki/Service-level_agreement" title="Service-level agreement">Service Level Agreement</a> (SLA) may include a certain amount of scheduled <a href="/wiki/Downtime" title="Downtime">downtime</a> per year in order to perform maintenance on the systems. This scheduled downtime is often excluded from the SLA timeframe, and needs to be subtracted from the Total Time when availability is calculated. Depending on the wording of an SLA, if the availability of a system drops below that in the signed SLA, a hosting provider often will provide a partial refund for time lost. How downtime is determined changes from provider to provider, therefore reading the SLA is imperative.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not all providers release uptime statistics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2></div> <p>Because web hosting services host websites belonging to their customers, <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">online security</a> is an important concern. When a customer agrees to use a web hosting service, they are relinquishing control of the security of their site to the company that is hosting the site. The level of security that a web hosting service offers is extremely important to a prospective customer and can be a major factor when considering which provider a customer may choose.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Web hosting servers can be attacked by malicious users in different ways, including uploading <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a> or malicious <a href="/wiki/Code" title="Code">code</a> onto a hosted <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a>. These attacks may be done for different reasons, including stealing credit card data, launching a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_denial_of_service_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed denial of service attack">Distributed Denial of Service Attack</a> (DDoS) or <a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">spamming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud Computing">Cloud Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service" title="Dedicated hosting service">Dedicated hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_hosting" title="Green hosting">Green hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Application_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Application Management">Internet Application Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service-level_agreement" title="Service-level agreement">Service-level agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared hosting">Shared hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service" title="Shared web hosting service">Shared web hosting service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Private_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Server">Virtual Private Server</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">March 16, 1992, memo from Mariam Leder, NSF Assistant General Counsel to Steven Wolff, Division Director, NSF DNCRI (included at page 128 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/recordDetails.jsp?ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED350986&searchtype=keyword&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&accno=ED350986&_nfls=false">Management of NSFNET</a>, a transcript of the March 12, 1992, hearing before the Subcommittee on Science of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, Hon. <a href="/wiki/Rick_Boucher" title="Rick Boucher">Rick Boucher</a>, subcommittee chairman, presiding)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tib1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tib1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tib1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tibus.com/blog/the-history-of-web-hosting-how-things-have-changed-since-tibus-started-in-1996/">"The history of web hosting"</a>. <i>www.tibus.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tibus.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+web+hosting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibus.com%2Fblog%2Fthe-history-of-web-hosting-how-things-have-changed-since-tibus-started-in-1996%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard2006" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Mark (3 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/5242252.stm">"How the web went world wide"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=How+the+web+went+world+wide&rft.date=2006-08-03&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F5242252.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raggett21-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raggett21_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaggettJenny_LamIan_Alexander1996" class="citation book cs1">Raggett, Dave; Jenny Lam; Ian Alexander (1996). <i>HTML 3: Electronic Publishing on the World Wide Web</i>. Harlow, England; Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780201876932" title="Special:BookSources/9780201876932"><bdi>9780201876932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HTML+3%3A+Electronic+Publishing+on+the+World+Wide+Web&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England%3B+Reading%2C+Mass&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780201876932&rft.aulast=Raggett&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft.au=Jenny+Lam&rft.au=Ian+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConneXions-April1996-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConneXions-April1996_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/hostedpublications/Connexions/ConneXions10_1996/ConneXions10-04_Apr1996.pdf">"Retiring the NSFNET Backbone Service: Chronicling the End of an Era"</a>, Susan R. Harris and Elise Gerich, <i>ConneXions</i>, Vol. 10, No. 4, April 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biztechmagazine.com/article/2012/02/history-web-hosting-infographic">"A History of Web Hosting [Infographic]"</a>. <i>BizTech</i>. 2012-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BizTech&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Web+Hosting+%5BInfographic%5D&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biztechmagazine.com%2Farticle%2F2012%2F02%2Fhistory-web-hosting-infographic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.activewebhosting.com/faq/legal-p2p.html">"Peer-To-Peer File Sharing"</a>. Active Web Hosting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219014822/http://www.activewebhosting.com/faq/legal-p2p.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peer-To-Peer+File+Sharing&rft.pub=Active+Web+Hosting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.activewebhosting.com%2Ffaq%2Flegal-p2p.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuyyaYeoVenugopal2008" class="citation book cs1">Buyya, Rajkumar; Yeo, Chee Shin; Venugopal, Srikumar (2008). "Market-Oriented Cloud Computing: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering IT Services as Computing Utilities". <i>2008 10th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications</i>. pp. 5–13. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0808.3558">0808.3558</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FHPCC.2008.172">10.1109/HPCC.2008.172</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7695-3352-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7695-3352-0"><bdi>978-0-7695-3352-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16882678">16882678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Market-Oriented+Cloud+Computing%3A+Vision%2C+Hype%2C+and+Reality+for+Delivering+IT+Services+as+Computing+Utilities&rft.btitle=2008+10th+IEEE+International+Conference+on+High+Performance+Computing+and+Communications&rft.pages=5-13&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0808.3558&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16882678%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FHPCC.2008.172&rft.isbn=978-0-7695-3352-0&rft.aulast=Buyya&rft.aufirst=Rajkumar&rft.au=Yeo%2C+Chee+Shin&rft.au=Venugopal%2C+Srikumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIntark_HanHong-Shik_ParkYoun-Kwae_JeongKwang-Roh_Park2006" class="citation journal cs1">Intark Han; Hong-Shik Park; Youn-Kwae Jeong; Kwang-Roh Park (2006). "An integrated home server for communication, broadcast reception, and home automation". <i>IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics</i>. <b>52</b>: 104–109. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTCE.2006.1605033">10.1109/TCE.2006.1605033</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22145496">22145496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Consumer+Electronics&rft.atitle=An+integrated+home+server+for+communication%2C+broadcast+reception%2C+and+home+automation&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=104-109&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTCE.2006.1605033&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22145496%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Intark+Han&rft.au=Hong-Shik+Park&rft.au=Youn-Kwae+Jeong&rft.au=Kwang-Roh+Park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawson" class="citation web cs1">Dawson, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.servint.net/2013/05/03/why-uptime-guarantees-are-ridiculous/">"Why Uptime Guarantees are Ridiculous"</a>. Servint<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>. <q>a good SLA will clearly state how uptime is defined and what you'll receive if the "uptime promise" is not met.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Uptime+Guarantees+are+Ridiculous&rft.pub=Servint&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.servint.net%2F2013%2F05%2F03%2Fwhy-uptime-guarantees-are-ridiculous%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz2003" class="citation journal cs1">Schultz, Eugene (2003). "Attackers hit Web hosting servers". <i>Computers & Security</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 273–283. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0167-4048%2803%2900402-4">10.1016/s0167-4048(03)00402-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Security&rft.atitle=Attackers+hit+Web+hosting+servers&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=273-283&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0167-4048%2803%2900402-4&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstantShift2011" class="citation web cs1">InstantShift (11 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instantshift.com/2011/02/11/a-guide-to-web-hosting-security-issues-and-prevention/">"A Guide to Web Hosting Security Issues and Prevention"</a>. <i>InstantShift - Web Designers and Developers Daily Resource</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InstantShift+-+Web+Designers+and+Developers+Daily+Resource.&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+Web+Hosting+Security+Issues+and+Prevention&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.au=InstantShift&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instantshift.com%2F2011%2F02%2F11%2Fa-guide-to-web-hosting-security-issues-and-prevention%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeb+hosting+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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