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(PDF) "Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="r3ZsPeANQo406H5P4Vm7X3yAYTgUyu8ik-jWoKfwT30rGC-as2GUlPy4n1LO4jrrQ1b3a_fKXxDMSF51IyN-mg" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="&quot;Waters&quot; of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2020/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="RK Publishers" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Krishna Shekhawat" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/43854035/_Waters_of_Western_Rajasthan_Myths_Traditions_Life_and_Livelihoods" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content=""Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/36696897/10525395/26295456/s200_krishna.shekhawat.png" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="book" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/43854035/_Waters_of_Western_Rajasthan_Myths_Traditions_Life_and_Livelihoods" /> <meta property="og:title" content=""Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-book.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ashokauniversity.academia.edu/KrishnaShekhawat" /> <meta name="description" content="The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The" /> <title>(PDF) "Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/43854035/_Waters_of_Western_Rajasthan_Myths_Traditions_Life_and_Livelihoods" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740546001000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740546001000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The discourse on state sponsored water management only begins with British intervention in the field. This paper attempts to fill in such thematic lacunae by elucidating the case of Mehrangarh, the fifteenth century fort of Jodhpur. The attempts are to layout the fort’s water management web and then study each strain as forwarding the evolution of the state’s active welfare programme, strategically localized near religious spaces, built earlier or for the preservation of the water body. Within this framework, the paper will attempt a departure from the conventional clash-based discourse between ‘modern’ and ‘traditional’ technology and therefore identify the need to redefine them. Corroborating primary sources and archaeological evidence with oral histories will the making of such an argument.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Krishna Shekhawat","url":"https://ashokauniversity.academia.edu/KrishnaShekhawat"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-08-13","dateModified":"2020-08-13","datePublished":"2020-01-01","headline":"\"Waters\" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64177277/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Mythology And Folklore","Folklore","Material Culture Studies","Landscape Architecture","Cultural Landscapes","Arid Land Ecology","Traditional Knowledge","Indigenous Knowledge and Wisdom","Medieval Indian History","Indian History","Traditional Architecture","Rain Water Harvesting","History of Art and Architecture","Water Architecture","Water Conservation","History of Rajputs","Sustainable Development \u0026 Arid Landscape 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{"work":{"id":43854035,"created_at":"2020-08-13T22:57:59.467-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T10:23:58.963-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The discourse on state sponsored water management only begins with British intervention in the field. This paper attempts to fill in such thematic lacunae by elucidating the case of Mehrangarh, the fifteenth century fort of Jodhpur. The attempts are to layout the fort’s water management web and then study each strain as forwarding the evolution of the state’s active welfare programme, strategically localized near religious spaces, built earlier or for the preservation of the water body. Within this framework, the paper will attempt a departure from the conventional clash-based discourse between ‘modern’ and ‘traditional’ technology and therefore identify the need to redefine them. Corroborating primary sources and archaeological evidence with oral histories will the making of such an argument.","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"RK Publishers"},"document_type":"book","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"\"Waters\" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [36696897]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":64177277,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “"Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/64177277/mini_magick20200813-11115-1jb9v0l.png?1597385184" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">"Waters" of Western Rajasthan Myths, Traditions, Life and Livelihoods</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36696897" href="https://ashokauniversity.academia.edu/KrishnaShekhawat"><img alt="Profile image of Krishna Shekhawat" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/36696897/10525395/26295456/s65_krishna.shekhawat.png" />Krishna Shekhawat</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, RK Publishers</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">35 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 43854035; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The transition of landscape from nature to natural resources has been studied through the lens of geography and environment even as it equally is, as I argue, the landscape in interaction with humans which the historian is concerned with. The discourse on state sponsored water management only begins with British intervention in the field. This paper attempts to fill in such thematic lacunae by elucidating the case of Mehrangarh, the fifteenth century fort of Jodhpur. The attempts are to layout the fort’s water management web and then study each strain as forwarding the evolution of the state’s active welfare programme, strategically localized near religious spaces, built earlier or for the preservation of the water body. Within this framework, the paper will attempt a departure from the conventional clash-based discourse between ‘modern’ and ‘traditional’ technology and therefore identify the need to redefine them. Corroborating primary sources and archaeological evidence with oral histories will the making of such an argument.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":64177277,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43854035/_Waters_of_Western_Rajasthan_Myths_Traditions_Life_and_Livelihoods"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":64177277,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43854035/_Waters_of_Western_Rajasthan_Myths_Traditions_Life_and_Livelihoods"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="43854035" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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An important consideration for any agrarian society has been the availability of water for irrigation, and in arid and semi-arid regions-with unequal annual distribution of rains and low water table-often saline water is used even for the potable purposes. This article elucidates various systems of water management developed and maintained by the local/individual initiatives as well as those developed by the state at a larger scale for irrigation and potable purposes. It is argued here that the pre-colonial states in Rajasthan had to ensure continuity of habitation by offering concessions and support to protect the revenue base. It was a difficult act of balance in a society where political and social orders were integrated into a single complex web. The article argues that the same complex web endowed the state with an all-pervasive administrative apparatus. It questions the dominant assumption(s) centring on the relative apathy of the state towards agricultural production and resultant immunity enjoyed by the local magnates of socio-political power and even cultivators. The article also examines the nature of intricate interventions of the above-mentioned socio-political web to underline the prominent considerations enjoyed by the environment-related uncertainties. 4 The Rajputana Gazetteer (1879: 20). 5 On his way, Babur realized that northeast Rajasthan was extremely hot (Babur 1970: 577); Abul Fazl and Jahangir placed it in the second of the seven categories in which the whole world was traditionally divided. The second category implied equitive heat and winter.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Situating the Environment: Settlement, Irrigation and Agriculture in Pre-colonial Rajasthan","attachmentId":93149972,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89330576/Situating_the_Environment_Settlement_Irrigation_and_Agriculture_in_Pre_colonial_Rajasthan","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89330576/Situating_the_Environment_Settlement_Irrigation_and_Agriculture_in_Pre_colonial_Rajasthan"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="99328231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99328231/Manifestations_of_traditional_knowledge_in_water_systems_The_cases_of_the_Kuchaman_Fort_and_Rathi_Haveli_Rajasthan">Manifestations of traditional knowledge in water systems: The cases of the Kuchaman Fort and Rathi Haveli, Rajasthan</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="258996944" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DevanshiKachchap">Devanshi Kachchap</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Water scarcity in the arid region of Rajasthan incentivized a sophisticated indigenous knowledge of water systems. This traditional knowledge, which was rooted in this geographical context, supported the prosperity of this region for centuries. The systemic degradation of this knowledge has increased the demand for external resources, leading to a constant need for expanding infrastructure. It is therefore time to look back to this traditional wisdom in search of sustainable alternatives. This study focuses on traditional water conservation systems in the purview of the spatial planning and the architectural elements in the Fort and the Rathi Haveli of Kuchaman, Rajasthan. These two traditional complexes have been studied for the interest and similarities found in the way they manage their water resources. 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This paper investigates the methods and approaches used by the Mughals to manage water resources in Burhanpur by looking at ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Revisiting Kundi Bhandara: Understanding the Ancient Water Management Systems from the Mughal Period - Case of Burhanpur City, Madhya Pradesh","attachmentId":105405834,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106126774/Revisiting_Kundi_Bhandara_Understanding_the_Ancient_Water_Management_Systems_from_the_Mughal_Period_Case_of_Burhanpur_City_Madhya_Pradesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106126774/Revisiting_Kundi_Bhandara_Understanding_the_Ancient_Water_Management_Systems_from_the_Mughal_Period_Case_of_Burhanpur_City_Madhya_Pradesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41468495" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41468495/Review_of_Revisiting_Medieval_Rajasthan_by_Ramya_Sreenivasan20191230_124206_1c9y4i5">Review of Revisiting Medieval Rajasthan by Ramya Sreenivasan20191230 124206 1c9y4i5</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1170184" href="https://ignou.academia.edu/MAYANKKUMAR">MAYANK KUMAR</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Revisiting Medieval Rajasthan by Ramya Sreenivasan20191230 124206 1c9y4i5","attachmentId":61642527,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41468495/Review_of_Revisiting_Medieval_Rajasthan_by_Ramya_Sreenivasan20191230_124206_1c9y4i5","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41468495/Review_of_Revisiting_Medieval_Rajasthan_by_Ramya_Sreenivasan20191230_124206_1c9y4i5"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="44121464" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44121464/SPECIAL_SECTION_New_Epistemologies_of_Water_in_India_Hydrocultural_Histories_and_Narratives_Insights_from_the_Sundarbans">SPECIAL SECTION: New Epistemologies of Water in India Hydrocultural Histories and Narratives: Insights from the Sundarbans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57000792" href="https://soas-uk.academia.edu/AmritaDasGupta">Amrita DasGupta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article focuses on water-centric quotidian-actualities by bringing to the fore collected oral histories from the field and their relation to the local religious literature-Bonbibi'r Johuranama, Raimangal, Manasa Mangal. When asked about the water history of the region, the narratives of the locals reflect the desire to shift the attention from terrestrial-aquatic tyranny to climatic despotism. To put this into perspective, the islanders, at present, are conscious about how climate change holistically affects their deltaic ecosystem. The realization does not stop the community from engaging in age-old religious practices that have acquired habitual existence in the lower Bengal delta. This provides an entry point to a new cultural system re-centred on historical imaginations and novel spatialities, which in every aspect is exemplary for contemporary policy-makers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SPECIAL SECTION: New Epistemologies of Water in India Hydrocultural Histories and Narratives: Insights from the Sundarbans","attachmentId":64471713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44121464/SPECIAL_SECTION_New_Epistemologies_of_Water_in_India_Hydrocultural_Histories_and_Narratives_Insights_from_the_Sundarbans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44121464/SPECIAL_SECTION_New_Epistemologies_of_Water_in_India_Hydrocultural_Histories_and_Narratives_Insights_from_the_Sundarbans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="45815677" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45815677/Conservation_of_historic_water_systems_in_Champaner_Pavagadh_Gujarat_India">Conservation of historic water systems in Champaner-Pavagadh, Gujarat, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42323106" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmitaSinha1">Amita Sinha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Landscape Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Champaner-Pavagadh, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Gujarat, is an interesting and unusual case study in how religion, culture, terrain, and climate interact in creating water systems that sustained large communities for 800 years between the eighth and sixteenth centuries. Water is central to Hindu worship rituals and at Pavagadh Hill, embodiment of the goddess Kalika, is symbolic of her nurturing aspects. The ornate water architecture of Champaner city at the foothill, inhabited by Muslims, celebrated water not for its symbolic value but for its sensual and utilitarian aspects. In 'waterintelligent' settlement planning at Champaner-Pavagadh, historic water catchment and conveyance systems ensured availability of water throughout the year. The article concludes with outlining the landscape approach to sustainable heritage landscape conservation within which water systems are restored and made functional, to serve the needs of local residents and pilgrims, and to enhance the legibility of this complex and layered site.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conservation of historic water systems in Champaner-Pavagadh, Gujarat, India","attachmentId":85936733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45815677/Conservation_of_historic_water_systems_in_Champaner_Pavagadh_Gujarat_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45815677/Conservation_of_historic_water_systems_in_Champaner_Pavagadh_Gujarat_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="105492788" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105492788/Sacral_waters_and_the_jewel_mountain_Reclaiming_kunds_in_Ayodhya_India">Sacral waters and the jewel mountain: Reclaiming kunds in Ayodhya, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34338641" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rajatkant">rajat kant</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42323106" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmitaSinha1">Amita Sinha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Landscape Research, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Water structures are sites of collective memory and have a vital role in providing ecosystem services in India. An alternative model of water sensitive urban design based upon the conceptual framework of regenerative urbanism is proposed in Ayodhya, a pilgrim town in Northern India. Reclamation of water bodies is salient to planning the soft infrastructure of blue-greenways for regenerating degraded sites and prevents loss of collective memories and place rituals, both significant forms of intangible heritage. With a focus on the urban periphery of Ayodhya, the article discusses water structures as sites of mythic memory, their current condition and context, and their potential as nodes in community spaces and green corridors of pilgrim movement.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sacral waters and the jewel mountain: Reclaiming kunds in Ayodhya, India","attachmentId":104932289,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105492788/Sacral_waters_and_the_jewel_mountain_Reclaiming_kunds_in_Ayodhya_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105492788/Sacral_waters_and_the_jewel_mountain_Reclaiming_kunds_in_Ayodhya_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2017383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2017383/Doorways_to_the_Divine_Vijayanagara_Reservoirs_and_Rural_Devotional_Landscapes">Doorways to the Divine: Vijayanagara Reservoirs and Rural Devotional Landscapes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="433218" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/KathleenMorrison">Kathleen Morrison</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Doorways to the Divine: Vijayanagara Reservoirs and Rural Devotional Landscapes","attachmentId":31250967,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2017383/Doorways_to_the_Divine_Vijayanagara_Reservoirs_and_Rural_Devotional_Landscapes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2017383/Doorways_to_the_Divine_Vijayanagara_Reservoirs_and_Rural_Devotional_Landscapes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="68986181" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68986181/Cloistering_Water_Technological_Rupture_Religious_Continuity_in_Sixteenth_Century_Western_India">Cloistering Water: Technological Rupture, Religious Continuity in Sixteenth Century Western India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2852698" href="https://erfurt.academia.edu/SaraKeller">Sara Keller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Asian Studies, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The introduction of the underground cistern in South Asia, through Western India, offers a fascinating case study of knowledge migration and technological transfers between West and South Asia. It addresses the question of past hydraulic technologies used in the Western Indian cities and the modalities of a fundamental shift in the relationship to water during the 16th century. The present paper is based on my surveys and architectural studies of underground cisterns (tānkā) in Ahmedabad, urbs prima of Gujarat from 1411 onwards. It describes the tānkā system and its archaeological characteristics, with a special focus on the early reservoir of the Shāh Vajihudin Alvi khānqāh. This study, compared with evidences in other urban centres of Western India, brings to light the emergence of underground cisterns in the urban context from the late 16th century onwards. It also shows the pioneering role played by the large cistern built in the Shāh Vajihudin Alvi khānqāh. Beyond this archaeological work, the paper discusses the causes of this radical technological change, and addresses the issue of cultural and religious continuity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cloistering Water: Technological Rupture, Religious Continuity in Sixteenth Century Western India","attachmentId":79259971,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68986181/Cloistering_Water_Technological_Rupture_Religious_Continuity_in_Sixteenth_Century_Western_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68986181/Cloistering_Water_Technological_Rupture_Religious_Continuity_in_Sixteenth_Century_Western_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="6618133" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6618133/Water_management_patronage_networks_and_religious_change_new_evidence_from_the_Sanchi_dam_complex_and_counterparts_in_Gujarat_and_Sri_Lanka_J_Shaw_and_J_Sutcliffe_">Water management, patronage networks and religious change: new evidence from the Sanchi dam complex and counterparts in Gujarat and Sri Lanka (J. Shaw and J. Sutcliffe)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9960410" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/juliashaw">julia shaw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Asian Studies , 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Julia Shaw & John Sutcliffe (2003) Water Management, Patronage Networks and Religious Change: New evidence from the Sanchi dam complex and counterparts in Gujarat and Sri Lanka, South Asian Studies, 19:1, 73-104, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666030.2003.9628622?src=recsys OPEN ACCESS download available here - http://basas.org.uk/our-work/collaborative-projects/landscape-water-religion-india/ ABSTRACT: As described in earlier papers (Shaw & Sutcliffe 2001; 2003) sixteen ancient dams in the Vidisha and Raisen districts of Madhya Pradesh, central India were documented during a multi-phase archaeological survey carried out between 1998 and 2000 (Shaw 2000; In press -a, -b). In addition to recording new field observations in the Sanchi area, this paper draws on comparative archaeological and hydrological evidence from Gujarat and Sri Lanka, discussed only briefly in our earlier papers (Shaw and Sutcliffe 2001; 2003). In 2002, the opportunity was taken to visit Junagadh in Gujarat, where the inscription of the Ksatrapa ruler, Rudradaman, refers not only to the earlier construction and subsequent improvement of the dam during the Mauryan period, but also its successive repair as flood damage occurred (Kielhorn 1905-6). Later repairs are also mentioned in the inscription of Skandagupta (Bhandarkar 1981c; Fleet 1888). Known for over a century from these inscriptions, the physical remains of the dam were only located on the ground relatively recently {Mehta 1968). The main aim of our visit was to verify Mehta's archaeological claims, which appear not to have been fully incorporated into subsequent historical scholarship. The second aim of this paper is to draw on possible technological and historical links between the dam complexes in Sanchi and Gujarat. Comparisons are also possible with the more or less contemporary developments in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, where information is available on advances in dam construction and control structures from c. 3rd century BC onwards (Parker 1909; Brohier 1934 (reprint 1979)). Although the scale of the larger Sri Lankan reservoirs is considerably greater than the Sanchi examples, and the hydrological backgrounds are different, there are historical and technical similarities between the two developments. These inter-regional comparisons shed considerable light on the possible history and function of the Sanchi dams, as well as the administrative systems that lay behind their construction and upkeep. They also provide the basis for building an integrated model of religious and social change, our principal hypothesis being that the control of water harvesting and irrigation facilities was not only a means of political legitimisation for local rulers, but also formed a central component of the Buddhist sangha's propagative strategies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Water management, patronage networks and religious change: new evidence from the Sanchi dam complex and counterparts in Gujarat and Sri Lanka (J. Shaw and J. Sutcliffe)","attachmentId":51686642,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6618133/Water_management_patronage_networks_and_religious_change_new_evidence_from_the_Sanchi_dam_complex_and_counterparts_in_Gujarat_and_Sri_Lanka_J_Shaw_and_J_Sutcliffe_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6618133/Water_management_patronage_networks_and_religious_change_new_evidence_from_the_Sanchi_dam_complex_and_counterparts_in_Gujarat_and_Sri_Lanka_J_Shaw_and_J_Sutcliffe_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64177277,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":64177277,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_64177277" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="35823398" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35823398/WATER_MANAGEMENT_IN_MEDIEVAL_BENGAL">WATER MANAGEMENT IN MEDIEVAL BENGAL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5123598" href="https://dhakauniversity.academia.edu/SahidulHasan">Sahidul Hasan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"WATER MANAGEMENT IN MEDIEVAL BENGAL","attachmentId":55700772,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35823398/WATER_MANAGEMENT_IN_MEDIEVAL_BENGAL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35823398/WATER_MANAGEMENT_IN_MEDIEVAL_BENGAL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="45110673" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title 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Etnološka tribina: Journal of Croatian Ethnological Society (ISSN: Print- 0351-1944, Online- 1848-9540, ), vol. 51 (no. 44), pp. 12-33.","attachmentId":75846083,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63404563/_562_21_Singh_Rana_P_B_Rana_Pravin_S_and_Kumar_Sarvesh_2021_Sacred_Water_Pools_of_Hindu_Sacredscapes_in_North_India_Sveti_vodeni_bazeni_hinduisti%C4%8Dkih_Etnolo%C5%A1ka_tribina_Journal_of_Croatian_Ethnological_Society_ISSN_Print_0351_1944_Online_1848_9540_vol_51_no_44_pp_12_33","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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