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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tussentaal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tussentaal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tussentaal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tussentaal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgicisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgicisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Belgicisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgicisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flemish dialects</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams_(taalkunde)" title="Vlaams (taalkunde) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlaams (taalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%A4mische_Sprache" title="Flämische Sprache – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flämische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Flemisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Flemisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فلمنكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلمنكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerland%C3%A9s_flamenco" title="Neerlandés flamenco – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Neerlandés flamenco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialeutu_flamencu" title="Dialeutu flamencu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dialeutu flamencu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফ্লেমিশ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্লেমিশ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фламандскія дыялекты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фламандскія дыялекты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Фламандски диалекти – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фламандски диалекти" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandrezeg" title="Flandrezeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Flandrezeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamenc_(neerland%C3%A8s)" title="Flamenc (neerlandès) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Flamenc (neerlandès)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fflemeg" title="Fflemeg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fflemeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamsk_(sprog)" title="Flamsk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flamsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φλαμανδική διάλεκτος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φλαμανδική διάλεκτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialecto_flamenco" title="Dialecto flamenco – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dialecto flamenco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandra_dialekto" title="Flandra dialekto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flandra dialekto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandriera" title="Flandriera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Flandriera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زبان فلامان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فلامان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamand_(dialecte)" title="Flamand (dialecte) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flamand (dialecte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaamsk" title="Flaamsk – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Flaamsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Phl%C3%A9imeannais" title="An Phléimeannais – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Phléimeannais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_flamenga" title="Lingua flamenga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua flamenga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams-ng%C3%AE" title="Vlaams-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vlaams-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="플람스어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플람스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच-फ्लेमिश भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डच-फ्लेमिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamanski_jezik" title="Flamanski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Flamanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialek_Flanders" title="Dialek Flanders – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dialek Flanders" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%93%9A%E1%92%A5%E1%94%85" title="ᐱᓚᒥᔅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᓚᒥᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Фламандаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фламандаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%A6mska" title="Flæmska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flæmska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_fiamminga" title="Lingua fiamminga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua fiamminga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemek" title="Flemek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Flemek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Flandrica" title="Lingua Flandrica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Flandrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C4%81mu_valoda" title="Flāmu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Flāmu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamand%C5%B3_kalba" title="Flamandų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Flamandų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8ngoa_fiamminga" title="Lèngoa fiamminga – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lèngoa fiamminga" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamengh" title="Flamengh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Flamengh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamand_nyelv" title="Flamand nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Flamand nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фламански јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фламански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_flamanda" title="Fiteny flamanda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny flamanda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფლემიშური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფლემიშური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%89" title="فلاندرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلاندرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams" title="Vlaams – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlaams" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaoms" title="Vlaoms – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Vlaoms" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%9A-%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डच-फ्लेमिश भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="डच-फ्लेमिश भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="フラマン語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フラマン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamsk_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Flamsk (språk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flamsk (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamsk" title="Flamsk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flamsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamand_tili" title="Flamand tili 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href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_flamandzki" title="Język flamandzki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język flamandzki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamengo_(neerland%C3%AAs)" title="Flamengo (neerlandês) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Flamengo (neerlandês)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_flamand%C4%83" title="Limba flamandă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba flamandă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Фламандские диалекты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фламандские диалекты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemish_language" title="Flemish language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flemish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Фламански дијалекти – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фламански дијалекти" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaml%C3%A4ndska" title="Flamländska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flamländska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பிளம்மியர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிளம்மியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="ภาษาเฟลมิช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเฟลมิช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamanca" title="Flamanca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Flamanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фламандська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фламандська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_ng%E1%BB%AF_Vlaanderen" title="Phương ngữ Vlaanderen – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phương ngữ Vlaanderen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlams_(Nederlands)" title="Vlams (Nederlands) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vlams (Nederlands)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="弗拉芒语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="弗拉芒语" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Varieties of Dutch spoken in Flanders, Belgium</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Vlaams" redirects here. For the language named "Vlaams" in the ISO standard, see <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Flemish</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Vlaams</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><i>Vlaams</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Belgian Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Flemings" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemings">Flemings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6.5 million (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-UCL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Weser-Rhine_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic">Istvaeonic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Low Franconian languages">Low Franconian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Flemish</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flemish" title="East Flemish">East Flemish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brabantian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabantian dialect">Brabantian</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=nl">nl</a></span></code> for <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=123">dut</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2/B" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2/B">B</a>)</code> for <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><br /><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=123">nld</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2/T" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2/T">T</a>)</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nld" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nld">nld</a></code> – inclusive code for <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><br />Individual codes:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/vls" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:vls">vls</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/zea" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:zea">zea</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic" title="Zeelandic">Zeelandic</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/lim" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:lim">lim</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Limburgish" title="Limburgish">Limburgish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/dutc1256">dutc1256</a></code>  Dutch</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/IETF_language_tag" title="IETF language tag">IETF</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>nl-BE</code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Fleming (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaming</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">Flemings</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlamingen</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Flemish (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaams</i></span>),<br /><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">VGT</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaamse Gebarentaal</i></span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaanderen</i></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg/220px-BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg/330px-BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg/440px-BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>State official languages of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A0A000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A00000; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0000A0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brussels-Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels-Capital Region">Brussels</a> is a bilingual area where both Dutch and French have an official status.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Flemish</b> (<i>Vlaams</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[vlaːms]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/Nl-Vlaams.ogg\/Nl-Vlaams.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Vlaams.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Nl-Vlaams.ogg/Nl-Vlaams.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Vlaams.ogg" title="File:Nl-Vlaams.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Omniglot_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Omniglot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Low_Franconian" title="Low Franconian">Low Franconian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialect_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect cluster">dialect cluster</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a>. It is sometimes referred to as <b>Flemish Dutch</b> (<span title="Flemish-language text"><i lang="nl-BE">Vlaams-Nederlands</i></span>), <b>Belgian Dutch</b> (<span title="Flemish-language text"><i lang="nl-BE">Belgisch-Nederlands</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈbɛlɣis<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈneːdərlɑnts]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg\/Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg/Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg" title="File:Nl-Belgisch-Nederlands.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), or <b>Southern Dutch</b> (<span title="Flemish-language text"><i lang="nl-BE">Zuid-Nederlands</i></span>). Flemish is native to the region known as <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>; it is spoken by <a href="/wiki/Flemings" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemings">Flemings</a>, the dominant <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Belgium Flanders, it is also spoken to some extent in <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a> and the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Flemish</i> itself has become ambiguous. Nowadays, it is used in at least five ways, depending on the context. These include: </p> <ol><li>An indication of Dutch written and spoken in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> including the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard language</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Nonstandard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonstandard dialect">non-standardized dialects</a>, including intermediate forms between vernacular dialects and the standard. Some linguists avoid the term <i>Flemish</i> in this context and prefer the designation <i>Belgian-Dutch</i> or <i>South-Dutch</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_in_Belgium" title="Dutch in Belgium">Dutch in Belgium</a></div></li> <li>A synonym for the so-called intermediate language in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> region, the <span title="Flemish-language text"><i lang="nl-BE"><a href="#Tussentaal">Tussentaal</a></i></span></li> <li>An indication of the <a href="/wiki/Nonstandard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonstandard dialect">non-standardized dialects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regiolect" class="mw-redirect" title="Regiolect">regiolects</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> region</li> <li>An indication of the non-standardized dialects of only the former <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>, i.e. the current provinces of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An indication of the non-standardized <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a> dialects of the province of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a> and French <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl-FR" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">Frans-Vlaanderen</a></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish" title="West Flemish">West Flemish</a></div></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a> considers Western Flemish to be a separate language, classified as a part of the Southwestern Dutch family together with the <a href="/wiki/Zeelandic" title="Zeelandic">Zeelandic</a> language. According to Glottolog, Western Flemish includes the dialects of French Flemish and West Flemish. Brabantian and East Flemish are classified as Dutch dialects, under the Central Southern Dutch dialect group.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> considers Limburgish and West Flemish to be separate (regional) languages.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dutch is the <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">majority language</a> in northern Belgium, being used in written language by three-fifths of the population of Belgium. It is one of the three national and state languages of Belgium, together with <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, and is the only official language of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a>. </p><p>The various Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium contain a number of lexical and grammatical features that distinguish them from the standard Dutch. Basic Dutch words can have a completely different meaning in Flemish or imply different context,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to the differences between the British and North American variants of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. As in the Netherlands, the pronunciation of Standard Dutch is affected by the native dialect of the speaker. </p><p>All Dutch dialect groups spoken in Belgium are spoken in adjacent areas of the Netherlands as well. East Flemish forms a continuum with both Brabantic and West Flemish. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the <a href="/wiki/Hollandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic">Hollandic</a> dialect <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (spoken in the Western provinces of the Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on <a href="/wiki/Brabantian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Brabantian dialect">Brabantian</a>, which is the dominant dialect in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, as well as in the south of the Netherlands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tussentaal">Tussentaal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tussentaal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The supra-regional, semi-standardized colloquial form (<a href="/wiki/Mesolect" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesolect">mesolect</a>) of Dutch spoken in Belgium uses the vocabulary and the sound inventory of the Brabantic dialects. It is often called an "in-between-language" or "intermediate language", intermediate between dialects and standard Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-kul_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kul-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its name, Brabantian is the dominant contributor to the Flemish Dutch <i>tussentaal</i>. </p><p>It is a rather informal <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">variety of speech</a>, which occupies an intermediate position between <a href="/wiki/Nonstandard_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonstandard dialect">vernacular dialects</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard language</a>. It incorporates phonetic, lexical and grammatical elements not part of the standard language but drawn from local dialects. </p><p>It is a relatively new phenomenon that has been gaining popularity during the past decades.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Some linguists note that it seems to be undergoing a process of (limited) standardisation<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that it is evolving into a <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koiné variety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RysTaeldeman_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RysTaeldeman-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tussentaal</i> is slowly gaining popularity in Flanders<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> because it is used a lot in television dramas and comedies. Often, middle-class characters in a television series will be speaking <i>tussentaal</i>, lower-class characters use the dialect of the location where the show is set (such as Western Flanders), and upper-class characters will speak Standard Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That has given <i>tussentaal</i> the status of normalcy in Flanders. It is slowly being accepted by the general population, but it has met with objections from writers and academics who argue that it dilutes the usage of Standard Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tussentaal</i> is used in entertainment television but rarely in informative programmes (like the news), which normally use Flemish accents with standard Dutch vocabulary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgicisms">Belgicisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Belgicisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Belgicism_(French)" title="Belgicism (French)">belgicism</a> is a word or expression that occurs only in the Belgian variant of Dutch. Some are rarely used, others are used daily and are considered part of the Belgian-Dutch standard language.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many belgicisms are loanwords and words or expressions literally translated from French (also called <a href="/wiki/Gallicism" title="Gallicism">gallicisms</a>); others, in contrast, are actually remarkably <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_purism" title="Linguistic purism">purist</a>, such as <i>droogzwierder</i> (a compound of Dutch <i>droog</i> "dry" and <i>zwierder</i> "spinner") meaning "spin dryer" (common standard Dutch: <i>centrifuge</i>, a loanword from French), and <i>duimspijker</i> (a compound of Dutch <i>duim</i> "thumb" and <i>spijker</i> "nail") meaning "thumbtack" (common standard Dutch: <i>punaise</i>, a loanword from French). Among the belgicisms, there are also many words that are considered obsolete, formal, or purist in standard Dutch. Moreover, many belgicisms have their origin in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtrconsult.com/news/new-procedure-codes-belgian-nomenclature-came-force-may-2019">Belgian official nomenclature</a>. For example, <i>misdaad</i> "felony" is not a legal term in the Netherlands, but it is in Belgium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English adjective <i>Flemish</i> (first attested as <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">flemmysshe</i></span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1325</span>;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compare <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Flæming</i></span>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1150</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "from <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a>", was probably borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Old_Frisian" title="Old Frisian">Old Frisian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a> form is <span title="Old Dutch-language text"><i lang="odt">flāmisk</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which becomes <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">vlamesc</i></span>, <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">vlaemsch</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> and <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaams</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Dutch" title="Modern Dutch">Modern Dutch</a>. </p><p>The word <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaams</i></span> itself is derived from <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Germanic" title="North Sea Germanic">Ingvaeonic</a> <i>*flâm-</i>, from Germanic <span title="Germanic languages collective text">*<i lang="gem">flauma-</i></span>, meaning 'flooded'. The name <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaanderen</i></span> was formed from a stem <i>*flâm-</i>, with a suffix <i>-đr/dr-</i> attached.<sup id="cite_ref-Woordenboek_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woordenboek-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Hollandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic">Hollandic</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flemish_dialects&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Brabantian is classified as a dialect of Dutch. It is spoken in the historical <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brabant" title="Duchy of Brabant">Duchy of Brabant</a>, spanning the Belgian provinces of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerp (province)">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Capital_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels Capital Region">Brussels</a> that are part of the modern region of Flanders.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Depending on the definition of "Flemish" in context. Limburgish is either classified as a dialect of Dutch or as a separate language altogether. It is spoken in the historical <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Limburg" title="Duchy of Limburg">Duchy of Limburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Loon" title="County of Loon">County of Loon</a>, spanning the Belgian province of <a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> that is part of the modern region of Flanders.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UCL-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UCL_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UCL_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/atlas/dutch/who.html">"ATLAS – Dutch: Who speaks it?"</a>. University College London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ATLAS+%E2%80%93+Dutch%3A+Who+speaks+it%3F&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fatlas%2Fdutch%2Fwho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/flemish.shtml">"Flemish, Vlaams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 14 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Algemeen+Vlaams&rft.pub=VlaamseTaal.be&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vlaamsetaal.be%2Fvlaams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RysTaeldeman-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RysTaeldeman_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rys, K. & J. Taeldeman (2007). Fonologische ingrediënten van Vlaamse tussentaal. In: D. Sandra, R. Rymenans, P. Cuvelier et al. (red.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NiRDcX7WEwMC&q=Koin%C3%A9&pg=PA1">Tussen taal, spelling en onderwijs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226113323/https://books.google.be/books?id=NiRDcX7WEwMC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=&source=bl&ots=b3Cu_fAMaY&sig=uC8S6Ip_zUyOnoT0qXI-_LXn3a8&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=5Uq2VOKVD6LT7QbUoIHwAg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Koin%C3%A9&f=false">Archived</a> 2022-12-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Essays bij het emeritaat van Frans Daems. Gent: Academia Press, 1–9, p.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/891/647/RUG01-001891647_2012_0001_AC.pdf"><i>Standaardtaal of tussentaal op televisie</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch), Universiteit Gent<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-28</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standaardtaal+of+tussentaal+op+televisie&rft.pub=Universiteit+Gent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Ffulltxt%2FRUG01%2F001%2F891%2F647%2FRUG01-001891647_2012_0001_AC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVervaeke2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vervaeke, Leen (8 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2694/Tech-Media/article/detail/3593049/2014/02/08/Actie-tegen-onverstaanbare-Vlaamse-tussentaal-op-televisie.dhtml">"Actie tegen onverstaanbare Vlaamse 'tussentaal' op televisie"</a>. <i>De Volkskrant</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=De+Volkskrant&rft.atitle=Actie+tegen+onverstaanbare+Vlaamse+%27tussentaal%27+op+televisie&rft.date=2014-02-08&rft.aulast=Vervaeke&rft.aufirst=Leen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volkskrant.nl%2Fvk%2Fnl%2F2694%2FTech-Media%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F3593049%2F2014%2F02%2F08%2FActie-tegen-onverstaanbare-Vlaamse-tussentaal-op-televisie.dhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jo Verhoeven, <i>Illustrations of the IPA: Belgian Standard Dutch</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/40E060F565C2A84B07993980D2957D49/S0025100305002173a.pdf/belgian_standard_dutch.pdf">PDF</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED16270">"Flēmish"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_Dictionary" title="Middle English Dictionary">Middle English Dictionary</a> (MED)</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+English+Dictionary+%28MED%29&rft.atitle=Fl%C4%93mish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fm%2Fmiddle-english-dictionary%2Fdictionary%2FMED16270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED16268">"Flēming"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_English_Dictionary" title="Middle English Dictionary">Middle English Dictionary</a> (MED)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-17</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+English+Dictionary+%28MED%29&rft.atitle=Fl%C4%93ming&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fm%2Fmiddle-english-dictionary%2Fdictionary%2FMED16268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Flemish&allowed_in_frame=0">"Flemish"</a>. <i>Online Etymological Dictionary</i>. Etymonline.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymological+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Flemish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DFlemish%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span> which cites <span title="Old Frisian-language text"><i lang="ofs">Flemische</i></span> as an Old Frisian form; but compare <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=ONW&id=ID4741&lemma=fl%C4%81misk">"flāmisk"</a>, <i>Oudnederlands Woordenboek (ONW)</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oudnederlands+Woordenboek+%28ONW%29&rft.atitle=fl%C4%81misk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgtb.ivdnt.org%2FiWDB%2Fsearch%3Factie%3Darticle%26wdb%3DONW%26id%3DID4741%26lemma%3Dfl%25C4%2581misk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span>, which gives <span title="Old Frisian-language text"><i lang="ofs">flēmisk, flāmisk</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=ONW&id=ID4741&lemma=fl%C4%81misk">"flāmisk"</a>, <i>Oudnederlands Woordenboek (ONW)</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oudnederlands+Woordenboek+%28ONW%29&rft.atitle=fl%C4%81misk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgtb.ivdnt.org%2FiWDB%2Fsearch%3Factie%3Darticle%26wdb%3DONW%26id%3DID4741%26lemma%3Dfl%25C4%2581misk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlemish+dialects" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woordenboek-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woordenboek_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/search/"><i>De Geïntegreerde Taal-Bank</i></a>:<br />Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal (WNT), entry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=WNT&id=M080691&lemma=vlaming"><i>Vlaming<sup>I</sup></i></a>;<br />cp.: Oudnederlands Woordenboek (ONW), entry <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=ONW&id=ID3676&lemma=fl%C4%81mink">flāmink</a></i>: "Morfologie: <i>afleiding, basiswoord (substantief):</i> flāma ‘overstroomd gebied’; <i>suffix:</i> ink ‘vormt afstammingsnamen’"; Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek (VMNW), entry <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtb.ivdnt.org/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=VMNW&id=ID6036&lemma=vlaendren"><i>Vlaendren</i></a>: "Etymologie: <i>Dat.pl. van</i> flandr- <i>'overstroomd gebied' met het suffix</i> -dr-.".<br />Cognate to Middle English <i>flēm</i> 'current of a stream': <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/middle-english-dictionary/dictionary/MED16260">Middle English Compendium → Middle English Dictionary (MED): <i>flēm n.(2)</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margravate_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravate of Flanders">Margravate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeelandic_Flanders" title="Zeelandic Flanders">Zeelandic Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_Flanders" title="Romance Flanders">Romance Flanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Local regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Ardennes" title="Flemish Ardennes">Flemish Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campine" title="Campine">Campine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denderstreek" title="Denderstreek">Denderstreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hageland" title="Hageland">Hageland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesbaye" title="Hesbaye">Haspengouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajottenland" title="Pajottenland">Pajottenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meetjesland" title="Meetjesland">Meetjesland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoek_(region)" title="Westhoek (region)">Westhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waasland" title="Waasland">Waasland</a></li> <li>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flanders in Europe"><img alt="Flanders in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/200px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/300px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg/400px-Flemish_Community_in_Belgium_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Flanders">Provinces</a><br /><span class="nobold">(and cities)</span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flanders" title="East Flanders">East Flanders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Province" title="Antwerp Province">Antwerp</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Brabant" title="Flemish Brabant">Flemish Brabant</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limburg_(Belgium)" title="Limburg (Belgium)">Limburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hasselt" title="Hasselt">Hasselt</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_the_Flemish_Region" title="List of municipalities of the Flemish Region">List of municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Diamond" title="Flemish Diamond">Flemish Diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Flanders" title="Politics of Flanders">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Belgian_elections" title="Template:Belgian elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Government" title="Flemish Government">Flemish Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community_Commission" title="Flemish Community Commission">Community Commission (Brussels)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Flanders" title="Political parties in Flanders">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Flanders" title="Minister-President of Flanders">Minister-President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Symbols and<br /><a href="/wiki/History_of_Flanders" title="History of Flanders">history</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Vlaamse_Leeuw" title="De Vlaamse Leeuw">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Flanders" title="Coat of arms of Flanders">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Flemish_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of the Flemish Community">Day of the Flemish Community</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Guldensporenslag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_of_Flanders_(novel)" title="The Lion of Flanders (novel)">De Leeuw van Vlaanderen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Flanders" title="Flag of Flanders">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_literature" title="Flemish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_painting" title="Flemish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people" title="Flemish people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Flanders" title="Education in Flanders">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Flanders" title="Science and technology in Flanders">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Flanders" title="Transport in Flanders">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Flanders" title="Agriculture in Flanders">Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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